,ilepiyf; fy;tpj; NjHT tpdhj;jhs;

jkpo; (237)
fhyk; : 3 kzp nkhj;j kjpg;ngz;: 100
gFjp m
gpupT m: NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l ghlg;gFjp
(5 nra;As; + 9 ciueil = 14 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f:
1. cupikr; nrk;gapupy; jkpo; vd;dthf ,Uf;fpd;wJ?
(1 kjpg;ngz;)
2. XNrhd; Xl;il vijj; jpwg;gJ Nghy ,Uf;fpwJ? (1 kjpg;ngz;)
3. (1 kjpg;ngz;)
(m) ngz; td;Kiwia vijg;Nghy rf[khf;fpf; nfhs;fpwhs;?
(my;yJ)
(M) fl;rpfspd; fyg;G kzj;ij vt;thW miof;fpNwhk;?

4. (1 kjpg;ngz;)
(m) vt;thW fw;f Ntz;Lk;?
(my;yJ)
(M) vJ cz;ikahd nry;tk;?

5. (1 kjpg;ngz;)
(m) Ritfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
(my;yJ)
(M) epiyj;J epy;yhjit ahit?

gpd;tUk; gj;jpia ftdj;Jld; gbj;J Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fSf;F

tpilaspf;fTk;: ( tpdh vz; 6 - 7)
KWf;Fg; ghl;b Kj;jhr;rp vd;why; rpW Foe;ijfSf;Fj;jhd; njupAk;.
mts; ehty; cyfpy; fhzg;gLk; kdpj cUtq;fs; Nghy; KWf;F tpw;w
gzj;jpdhNyh uq;$dpypUe;J jpBnudj; Njhd;Wk; jkadpd;
IRtupaj;jpdhNyh NfhBRupahfptpl tpy;iy. tWikapy; FNryupd; jkf;if.
rkaf; FutHfs; ,aw;Wk; mw;Gjq;fs; vd;W nrg;gpL tpj;ijfs; elthj
,e;jf; fhyj;jpy; mts; jpde;jpdk; fhye;js;StJky;yhky;> jdJ xNu
Fkhuj;jpf;F tpthfk; nra;aTk; Muk;gpj;jJjhd; mw;Gjj;jpYk; mw;Gjk;.
tpd;by; Jiu gq;fshtpy; gq;fh ,Of;Fk; khlrhkp gps;isf;Fj; jd;
kfisf; nfhLf;f epr;rapj;Jtpl;lhs;. ehis fhiyapy; fypahzk;.
rhaq;fhyk; Ie;jiu kzpapUf;Fk;. KWf;Fg; ghl;b jq;fNtY Mrhupapd;
tPl;Lj; jpz;izapy;> RtuUfpy; rha;e;J fhiy ePl;b cl;fhHe;jpUf;fpwhs;.
nrk;ghjp eiuj;j jiy [Ptpaj;jpy; jhd; gl;l f~;lq;fisg; glk; Nghl;Lf;
fhl;LtJNghy; NfhLfs; epiwe;j Kfk;. ghk;glkpy;yhJ Glyq;fha;j;
jz;Lfs; khjpupj; njhq;Fk; fhJfs;. ,e;jpud; fiyaha; vd; kUq;fpUe;jhd;
vdf; fhzg;gLk; rk;gpujhakhfg; Glit vd;w ,uz;L nts;isj; Jz;Lfs;.
,ts; gzf;fhupay;yts; vd;gij ,bj;Jf; $wpad. ifapypUe;j cyHe;j
ntw;wpiyia thapy; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L> mjw;Fj; Jizahf xU
ePsj;Jz;Lf; fUg;gl;bg; GifapiyiaAk; cs;Ns nrYj;jp iffisj;
jpz;izapy; Jilj;Jtpl;L> MrhupahNu! vd;d Ntiyna RUf;fh KbAkl
Nkhrk; gz;zpg;gplhjPUk;!. vd;whs;.
6. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F rupah jtwh vd
fz;lwpf. (1x2 = 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) KWf;Fg; ghl;bapd; ngaH Kj;jhr;rp.
(ii) KWf;Fg; ghl;b tWikapy; FNryupd; jkf;if.
(iii) jd; kfis fe;jrhkpg; gps;isf;F jpUkzk; nra;a
Ngrpdhs;.

7. rupahd tpiliaj; NjHe;njLj;J vOJf. (1x1= 1 kjpg;ngz;)

KWf;Fg; ghl;b ahH tPl;L jpz;izapy; mkHe;jpUe;jhs;?

(m) tpd;by; Jiw (M) FNryH (,) khlrhkp gps;is (<) jq;fNtY
Mrhup.

8. nghUj;Jf (1x4= 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;)

(m) jpUf;FwSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf tho;e;jtH - flik xOq;F
(M) kfhj;khtpd; kuzj;jpw;F fhuzk; - kjNghjfHfs;
(,) ehL Kd;Ndw vJ Ntz;Lk; - kjntwp
(<) jUk kfhkpj;jpuHfs; - fhe;jpabfs;

9. rupahd tpiliaj; NjHe;njLj;J vOJf. (1x2=2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)

(i) gs;spapd; Kjy;tH vt;thW cUtfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwhH?
(m) ngUe;jiytuhf (M) fhtyuhf (,) Mrpupauhf (<) rpiw
mjpfhupahf.

(ii) Kjy;tupd; Mwhk; tpwy; Nghd;wJ vJ?

(m) gpuk;G (M) fl;iltpuy; (,) ifj;jb (<) yj;jp.
 gpupT M:
gpd;tUk; gj;jpia ftdj;Jld; gbj;J Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fSf;F
tpilaspf;fTk;. ( tpdh vz; 10 - 11 )
fzpdpapd; gpd;dzp kpfTk; RitahdJ. vq;F>
vg;gbj; Jtq;fp ehk; ,d;iwa kpd; fzpdp vDk; fzpdpapy;
te;J epw;fpNwhk;? gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; ehk; Muk;gg;
gs;spapNy fzf;fplf; fw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;NghJ xU ghrpr;
rl;lj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp te;jJ rpyUf;F epidtpUf;ff; $Lk;.
mJjhd; mghf]; vdg;gLk; fUtpahFk;. xU kur;rl;lj;jpy;>
,iz NfhLfshf ,Uf;Fk; fk;gpfspy; ghrpkzpfs; nfhz;l
mikg;ghFk;. Me;jr; rhjdk; ,d;Wq;$lr; rPdh kw;Wk; rg;ghd;
ehLfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;LtUk; fUtp. mJ 5000 Mz;LfSf;F
Kd;dNu Gof;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j fUtpahFk;.
gpd;dH ];fhl;yhe;J fzf;fpayhsuhd [hd; NegpaH
vd;ghH vz;fs; nghwpf;fg;gl;l Fr;rpfisf; nfhz;L fzf;fpLk;
rhjdj;ij cUthf;fpdhH. Mit NegpaH uhLfs; vd;W
miof;fg;gl;ld.
gpd;dH gpuhd;R ehl;L fzf;fPl;lhsuhd gpNs]; gh];fy;
vd;ghH 1642 Mk; Mz;L mupj;kbf; vQ;rpd; (fzf;F ve;jpuk;)
my;yJ gh];fiyd; vDk; ve;jputpay; fzf;fPl;Lf; fUtp
xd;iw cUthf;fpdhH. mjpy; cs;s gy;NtW mk;rq;fs;
,d;iwa ve;jputpay; fzf;fPl;Lr; rhjdq;fspYk; cs;sd.
1694 Mk; Mz;L ypg;dp]; vDk; n[Hkd; ehl;L
fzf;fpayhH ];nlg;Gnuf;dH vDk; fUtpia cUthf;fpdhH.
mjdhy; $l;lTk; fopf;fTk;> ngUf;fTk;> tFf;fTk;
,ad;wNjhL tHf;f%yq;fisf; fhzTk; Kbe;jJ.

10. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F tpLgl;l ,lq;fisg;

G+Hj;jp nra;f. (3x1=3 kjpg;ngz;fs;)

i) kur;rl;lj;jpy; ghrpkzpfs; nfhz;l fUtp ------------- Mz;Lfs;

goikahdJ.
ii) [hd; NegpaH cUthf;fpa rhjdk; --------------- .
iii) gh];fiyd; fUtpia cUthf;fpatH ---------------------- .
iv) ypg;dp]; --------------- ehl;ilr; NrHe;jtH.
11. vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F rupahd tpiliaj; njupT nra;J vOJf.
(3x1=3 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
i) [hd; NegpaH ve;ehl;ilr; rhHe;jtH?

(m) gpuhd;R (M) ,e;jpah (,) ];fhl;yhe;J (<)

n[Hkd;
ii) ];nlg;Gnuf;dH fUtpia cUthf;fpatH
(m) [hd; NegpaH (M) yPg;dp]; (,) N[hrg;
(<) mghf];
iii) fzf;fpLtjw;fhf Kjd;Kjypy; cUthf;fg;gl;l fUtp
(m) gh];fiyd; (M) mghf]; (,) ];nlg;Gnuf;dH
(<) NegpaH uhL
iv) ];nlg;Gnuf;dH fUtp cUthf;fg;gl;l Mz;L
(m) 1694 (M) 1698 (,) 1695 (<) 1684

gpd;tUk; gj;jpiag; gbj;J Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp. (tpdh

vz; 12)
ekJ ehL ,e;jpaj; jpUehL. ,e;jpaj; jpUehl;bd; xU khepyk;
jkpo;ehL. jkpo;ehl;ilg; ghujp nre;jkpo;ehL vd;W miof;fpwhH.
nrk;ikahd jkpo;nkhop NgRk; ehL nre;jkpo; ehL. nrk;ik + jkpo; =
nre;jkpo;ehL. nre;jkpo; ehL vd;w $w;iwf; Nfl;Fk; nghOJ cs;sk;
kfpo;fpwJ. nre;jkpo; ehL vd;w njhliuf; Nfl;Fk; nghOJ fhJfspy;
,d;gkhfpa Njd; te;j gha;tJ Nghy; ,dpf;fpwJ. vq;fs; jha;nkhopahk;
jkpo;nkhop NgRk; ehl;ilg; gw;wpf; Nfl;Fk;nghOJ fhJfspy;
,dpf;fpd;wd. kdk; kfpo;r;rp milfpwJ. ehq;fs; ngUkpjk;
milfpd;Nwhk;. ,e;j> nre;jkpo;ehL vq;fs; je;ijaH ehlhFk;. vq;fs;
je;ijaH tPuk; kpf;ftHfs;. Mwnewpapy; tho;e;jtHfs;. gz;GilatHfs;.
vdNt vq;fs; je;ijaH ehL vq;fs; nre;jkpo; ehL. vq;fs; je;ijaH
ehL vd;w epiyiaf; Nfl;Fk; nghOJ vq;fSf;F xU rf;jp
Njhd;WfpwJ. mtHjk; tPutho;Tk;> mwtho;Tk;> xOf;fkhd tho;Tk;
vq;fSf;F xU GJ rf;jpia mspf;fpd;wd.
nre;jkpo; ehL ,aw;if tskpf;f ehlhFk;. ed;nrAk; Gd;nrAk;
nfhQ;rp tpisahLk; ehL. gy;NtW MWfs; Xb vq;fs; nre;jkpo;
ehl;ilr; nropf;f itf;fpd;wd. fhtpup> njd;ngz;iz> ghyhW> itia>
nghUid vd;Dk; MWfs; XLtjhy; ePhtsk; ngw;w ehlhfj; jpfo;fpwJ.
ePHtsk; ngUFtjhy; ,aw;if tsk; Nkk;gLfpwJ. ,aw;if tsk;
Xq;Ftjhy; kf;fs; eyk; nropf;fpwJ. kf;fs; eyk; nropg;gjhy; rKjhak;
tsk; ngWfpwJ. rKjhak; tsk; ngWtjhy; ehL nropf;fpwJ. vdNt>
vq;fs; nre;jkpo; ehL nropg;ghd ehlhf tpsq;FfpwJ.
12. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vitNaDk; Ie;jDf;F rupah jtwh vd fz;lwpf.
(1x5 = 5 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) ,e;jpaj; jpUehl;bd; xU khepyk; jkpo;ehL.
(ii) nre;jkpo;ehL vd Nfl;Fk;NghJ fhJfspy; ghy;
gha;tJNghy; ,dpf;fpwJ.
(iii) jkpo;ehl;ilg; ghujp nre;jkpo;ehL vd;W miof;fpwhH.
(iv) nre;jkpo;ehL vq;fs; jha;ehlhFk;.
(v) rKjha tsk; ngWtjhy; ePHtsk; ngUFfpwJ.
(vi) ,aw;if tsk; Xq;Ftjhy; kf;fs; eyk; nropf;fpwJ.
(vii) fhtpup> njd;ngz;iz> ghyhW> itia> nghUid vd;Dk;
MWfs; XLtjhy; ePHtsk; ngw;w ehlhfj; jpfo;fpwJ.

13. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;wDf;F rupahd tpiliaj;

NjHe;njLj;J nghUj;Jf. (1x1= 1 kjpg;ngz;)
(i) XNrhd; Xl;il vijj; jpwg;gJ Nghy ,Uf;fpwJ?
(m) new;wpf;fz; (M) Fsk; (,) gs;sk; (<) Kl;il
(ii) cWjpahd mizfisAk; cUf;Fiyg;gJ.
(m) fw;fs; (M) fhl;L NtHfs; (,) ePH (<) fhw;W

gpupT , : ,yf;fzk;
14. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;wid tpdh thf;fpakhf khw;Wf.
(1x1= 1 kjpg;ngz;)
(i) gz;bj NeU kdpjUs; khzpf;fk; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwhH.
(ii) mg;Jy; fyhk; ghJfhg;G Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpy; gzpGupe;jhH.

15. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F kuGj;njhlHfisg;

gad;gLj;jp thf;fpaq;fs; mikf;f. (1x3= 3 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) Mok;ghHj;jy; -
(ii) jl;bf;fopj;jy; -
(iii) fps;Sf;fPiu -
(iv) fij fl;Ljy; -

16. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F vjpHkiwr; nrhw;fis

vOJf. (1x2= 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) ey;yJ -
(ii) kiy -
(iii) Vw;wk; -
 17. gpd;tUk; Mq;fpyr; nrhy;Yf;F ,izahd fiyr;nrhw;fis
vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F tpilasp (1x2= 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) Internet -
(ii) Automation -
(iii) Punched card -
(iv) Versatility -

18. gpd;tUk; ,ul;ilf; fpstp nrhw;fspy; VNjDk; xd;wid

thf;fpaj;jpy; mikf;f. (1x1= 1 kjpg;ngz;)
(i) ryry -
(ii) fkfk -

gpupT <
gpd;tUk; gj;jpiaf; ftdj;Jld; gbj;J Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fSf;F
tpilaspf;fTk;. (tpdh vz; 19 - 20 )
epyT ntspr;rj;jpy; rpe;Jejpapd; kPJ Nru ehlhfpa Nfusj;Jg;
ngz;fSld; mofpa njYq;F nkhopapy; ghly;fisg; ghbathW glFfs;
Xl;b tpisahb kfpo;Nthk;.
fq;if ejpf;fiuapy; ngUkstpy; tpisfpd;w NfhJikiag;
ngw;Wf; nfhz;L mjw;F khw;whf fhtpupkz;zpy; tpisAk; ntw;wpiyiaj;
jUNthk;. tPuk;nrwpe;j kuhl;baHfsplkpUe;J ftpijfis thq;fpf; nfhz;L
mtw;Wf;fhf Nruj;J ahidfspd; je;jq;fisg; guprhfj; jUNthk;.
fhrp efupypUe;J xU Gytd; NgRk; ciuiaf; fhQ;rp
efupypUe;jthNw Nfl;gjw;F Vw;w xU fUtpiaf; fz;Lgpbg;Nghk;. ,uhrGjd
tPuHfSf;Fj; jq;ftay; nfhz;l fd;dl kz;zpy; fpilf;Fk; caHe;j
jq;fj;ijj; je;J kfpo;Nthk;.
caHe;j gl;L E}y;fshy; Mil nea;Jk; jukhd gUj;jp
E}y;fshy; cil nea;Jk; kiyNghy; tPjpfspy; Ftpg;Nghk;. ,tw;iwg;
ngUkstpy; nghUs;fs; nfhz;LtUk; fhrpefH tzpfUf;F tpw;W
Kbg;Nghk;.
19. rupahd tpiliaj; NjHe;njLj;J vOJf. (1x3= 3 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) Nru ed;dhL vd;gJ
(m) jkpo;ehL (M) kJiu (,) jQ;rhT+H (<) fhQ;rp
(ii) fq;if ejpf;fiuapy; kpFjpahf tpisAk; gapH
(m) NfhJik (M) muprp (,) gUg;G (<) fUk;G
(my;yJ)
kuhl;baUf;F ghujp guprspf;f tpUk;gpaJ.
(m) Nruj;J ahid je;jk; (M) gUj;jp Milfs; (,) gl;L
E}y; (<) jq;fk;.
 (iii) caHe;j jq;fk; fpilf;Fk; ,lk;
(m) jkpo;ehL (M) Nfusk; (,) fhrp (<) fd;dlk;

20. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSs; VNjDk; xd;wDf;F tpilaspf;fTk;.

(1 kjpg;ngz;)
(i) fhrp ----------------- NgRk; ciu
(ii) fhQ;rpapy; Nfl;gjw;NfhH --------------- nra;Nthk;.

21. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vitNaDk; ehd;fDf;F rupah jtwh vd

fz;lwpf. (1x4= 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) fw;gjw;Fupa gUtk; ,sikg;gUtk;.
(ii) ehL fle;jgpd; tupg;gzk; thq;f KbahJ.
(iii) KJikg; gUtj;jpy; fw;wtd; ty;ytdha;j; jpfo KbahJ.
(iv) kdntOr;rpAk; epidthw;wYk; fy;tpf;Fj; Njit.
(v) xUtd; jhdhfg; gbj;jwptJ fy;tpahfhJ.
(vi) ghk;Gf;Ff; fhy;fs; cz;L.
(vii) Gdy; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; neUg;G.
(viii) KOikahff; fy;tp ngwhjtH epiwFlj;pw;F xg;ghtH.

22. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F XupU thHj;ijfspy;

tpilaspf;fTk;. (1x2= 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) thd;topr; nry;NthH ahtH?
(ii) mUtpfspd; nray;fs; ahit?
(iii) FwtH ,df; Fy xOf;fk; ahJ?
(iv) Fkdrpj;jupd; nray;fs; ahit?

gFjp M gpupT m

(nra;As; 5+ciueil 6 = 11 kjpg;ngz;fs;)

23. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;wDf;F 20 Kjy; 25 nrhw;fspy;

tpilaspf;fTk;. (1x2= 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) fhdtHfs; ahtH?
(ii) jpup$lehjiu cyfk; vq;Fk; NjLgtH ahH?

24. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;wDf;F 40 Kjy; 45 nrhw;fspy;

tpilaspf;fTk;. (1x3=3 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) fz;ZilaH> Gz;ZilaH vdj; jpUts;StH ahiuf;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH?
(ii) fy;tpapd; rpwg;Gf;fshf ts;StH $Wtdtw;iwj;
njhFj;Jiuf;f.
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F 25 Kjy; 30 nrhw;fspy; tpilaspf;fTk;
25. rKjhag; ghJfhg;Gg; gw;wpf; fhe;jpabfspd; nfhs;if ahJ?
(2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)

26. (2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) fyhkpd; kdjpy; epiyj;Jtpl;l %d;W egHfs; ahH?
(my;yJ)
(ii) ,e;jpah 2020 vd;Dk; E}y; vijg; gw;wpaJ?

27. (2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) ehlfj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd gz;Gfs; rpytw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(my;yJ)
(ii) kuq;fis ntl;Ltjhy; Vw;gLk; jPikfs; ahit?

gpupT M
gpd;tUk; gj;jpiaf; ftdj;Jld; gbj;J Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fSf;F
tpilaspf;fTk;. (tpdh vz; 28 – 29)
jpUf;Fw;whykiyapy; cs;s Mz; Fuq;Ffs; gytifahd
goq;fisg; gwpj;J ke;jpfSf;Ff; nfhLj;Jf; nfhQ;rp kfpOk;.
mg;goq;fisj; jpd;Wk; rpijj;Jk; ke;jpfs; tpisahLk;. ,t;thW
ke;jp rpe;jpa goq;fis thd; cyfpy; thOk; NjtHf; $l;lk; kpf
Ntz;b tpUk;gpf; Nfl;Fk;.
fhLfspy; thOk; NtlHfs; jq;fs; fz; ghHitahNyNa cw;W
Nehf;fpj; NjtHfis miog;ghHfs;. thd; topahfr; nry;Yk;
rpj;jHfs; fPopwq;fp ,k;kiyf;F te;J clYf;F ed;ik mspf;Fk;
Nahfq;fs; vd;Dk; rpj;J Ntiyiar; nra;thHfs;.
,k;kiyapYs;s Njd; fye;j kiy mUtpapd; miyfs; Nky;
Nehf;fp caHe;J gha;e;J thdj;jpy; ,Ue;J tope;J XLk;. mjdhy;
nre;epwr; #upadpd; Njupy; G+l;br; nry;Yk; Fjpiuf; fhy;fSk; NjHr;
rf;fuKk; tOf;fp tpOk;.
tise;j ,sk; gpiwiar; #ba ril KbiaAk; cilatH.
jpUf;Fw;whyehjuhfpa rptngUkhd;. mtH vOe;jUspAs;s rpwg;G
kpf;fJ jpUf;Fw;why kiy. mk;kiyNa vq;fSf;F cupaJ vd;W
Fwj;jp kiytsk; $Wtjhf Kjy; ghly; mike;Js;sJ.

28. jpUf;Fw;whykiyapy; Mz; Fuq;Ffs; nra;j nray; ahJ?

(2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
29. (i) fhLfspy; thOk; NtlHfs; vd;d nra;tH?
(2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(my;yJ)
 (iii) kiy mUtpfshy; tOf;fpr; nry;git vit?

gpd;tUk; gj;jpiaf; ftdj;Jld; gbj;J Nfl;fg;gLk; tpdhf;fSf;F

tpilaspf;fTk;. (tpdh vz; 30 – 32)
fw;gf tpUl;rj;ij cila nrhHf;f Nyhfj;jpy; tho;fpd;w
NjtHfs;$l tpUk;gp tUfpd;w rpwg;Gk;> rpe;ijahy; epidj;Jg;
ghHg;gjw;F mupJk;> tpz;zsT mstpw;F caHe;J Njhd;WtJkhfpa
rgh kz;lgk; NkYk; rpwg;Gg;ngWk; tifapy; jrujd; mq;F te;J
NrHe;jhd;.
rpwg;G kpf;f mk;kz;lgj;jpy; mike;jpUe;j rpq;fhrdkhdJ
NkYk; rpwg;GilAkhW kpFe;j nghypTld; murd; mkHe;jpUe;jhd;.
mtidg; ghHj;jtHfs; ,td; NjtH Fyj; jiytdhd ,e;jpuNdh
vd;W Iak; nfhz;lhHfs;. gpd;dH ,tDf;F Mapuk; fz;fs;
,y;iyNa vd;W njspe;J ,td; ,e;jpud; my;yd; vd;w KbTf;F
te;jhHfs;.
rpq;fk; Nghd;w typik kpf;f murdpd; vjpupy; cyf
capHfisAk;> NjtHfisAk;> ehd;KfidAk; ehd; ,g;nghONj
gilg;Ngd; vd;W ngUq;Nfhgj;Jld; $wpg; gilf;fj; njhlq;fpatDk;
Nfhgk; epiwe;jtDkhfpa tpRthkpj;jpu KdptH jrudpd; rgh
kz;lgj;jpw;F te;J NrHe;jhH.

30. (i) fw;gf tpUl;rk; vq;Fs;sJ? (2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)

(my;yJ)
(ii) jrujidf; fz;ltHfs; ahH vd Iak; nfhz;ldH?
31. jrujid ,e;jpud; my;yd; vd njspe;jJ vt;thW?
(2 kjpg;ngz;)
32. jrujdpd; rghkz;lgj;jpw;F te;jJ ahH?
(2 kjpg;ngz;)

33. gpd;tUk; Fwpg;Gfisg; gad;gLj;jp fl;Liu tiuf.

(1x3= 3 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
rpw;wpyf;fpa tif – FwtQ;rp – jpUf;Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp –
kiy tsk; - ePH tsk; - nry;t tsk; - Fwtd;> Fwj;jp – jpUkz
cwT – FwtQ;rpg; ghly;fs; - ,dpa Rit - ,irNahL ghLjy; -
Njrpa xUikg;ghl;L czHT – ghujpahH rpe;jidNahL xj;jpUj;jy;.
 gpupT , : ,yf;fzk;
34. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;wid gpupj;njOJf.
(1x2= 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) jhkpd;GWtJ -
(ii) rhe;JizAk; -

35. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f. (1x2=2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)

(i) ,ul;ilf;fpstp nrhw;fs; vd;why; vd;d?

(ii) rpq;fk; rNunydg; gha;e;jJ - ,jpYs;s xypf;Fwpg;Gr;
nrhy;ypid fz;lwpf.

36. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;wid NrHj;J vOJf.

(1x2= 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) Vkhg;G + cilj;J -
(ii) thOk; + capHf;F -

gpupT <
37. fPNo Nfl;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdhtpw;F tpsf;fkhf tpilaspf;fTk;.
(3x1= 3 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) ahJk; CNu vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; fUj;jpd; top tpjpapd;
typikia mwpjy; vd;gij tpsf;fp vOJf.

38. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;wDf;F tpilaspf;f.

(2x1= 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) cyfk; xU FLk;gk; vd;W czHj;Jk; G+q;Fd;wdhH
ghlypd; fUj;jpid tpsf;Ff.
(ii) Ntw;Wikiag; Nghf;Fk; topahf G+q;Fd;wdhH $WtJ
ahJ tpsf;Ff.

39. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;wDf;F tpilaspf;f.

(1x5= 5 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) fhe;jpahupd; njd;dhg;gpupf;fg; gaz mDgtq;fis tpsf;fp
vOJf.
(ii) njd;dhg;gpupf;fhtpy; Mq;fpNyaupd; mlf;FKiwia
vjpHj;Jf; fhe;jp Nghuhbaikia tpsf;fpAiuf;f.
 gFjp , - gpupT c
40. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; rupahd tpiliaj; NjHe;njLj;J nghUj;Jf.
(1x2= 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) epykfspd; nghl;Lk; kzKkhf tpsq;FtJ
(m) jkpo;g;ngz; (M) Nfusk; (,) fd;dlk; (<) by;yp
(ii) ,e;j Njrk; G+f;fspd; jiyapy; ngl;Nuhiy Cw;wptpl;L
vd;d NjLfpwJ?
(m) jPg;ngl;b (M) jz;zPH (,) G+f;fis (<) rhg;ghL
(my;yJ)
(iii) Mzpd; mlf;FKiwf;F nrhy;yg;gLk; rkhjhdk;
(m) mjpfhuk; (M) MgP]; nld;~d; (,) cupik (<)
flik

41.
(1 kjpg;ngz;)
(i) vOj;Jf;fs; Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
(m) mfuk; (M) ,fuk; (,) cfuk; (<) Vfhuk;
(my;yJ)
(ii) ahH ,t;Tyfpy; ePL tho;tH?
(m) nry;te;jH (M) ,iwtid tzq;FgtH (,) Vio (<)
Nfhgf;fhuH.

42. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; rupahd tpiliaf; fz;lwpe;J nghUj;Jf.

(1x2=2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) FWe;njhifapy; ,lk;ngw;w ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if
(m) 401 (M) 400 (,) 402 (<) 100
(ii) Kiw vd;gjw;Fg; nghUs;
(m) cwT Kiw (M) rl;lk; (,) tpjp (<) ePjp

43. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;wDf;F 20 Kjy; 25 nrhw;fSs;

tpilaspf;f. (1x2= 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) K.tujuhrdhupd; md;idf;F vOjpa fbjj;jpd; nra;jp
ahJ?
(ii) md;idapd; fUj;jhf K.t. njuptpf;Fk; nra;jp ahJ?
44. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;wDf;F tpilaspf;f.
(1x4= 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
(i) fypq;fg;NghH Fwpj;J tpsf;Ff?
(my;yJ)
(ii) mNrhfupd; Ml;rpr; rpwg;gpid tpsf;Ff?

45. kNdhd;kzpak; ng.Re;juk;gps;is jkpo;j;jhia tho;j;jpg; ghba

nray;fs; ahit? (1x4= 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ,ilepiyf; fy;tpj; NjHT tpilfs;
jkpo; (237)

1. Ntuhf.
2. new;wpf;fz;
3.
(m) rhg;gpLtijg;Nghy.
(my;yJ)
(M) $l;lzp

4.
(m) Fw;wkpd;wpf; fw;f Ntz;Lk;.
(my;yJ)
(M) fy;tpr; nry;tk;.

5.
(m) MW.
(my;yJ)
(M) nry;tk;.

6.
(i) rup
(ii) rup
(iii) jtW

7. (<) jq;fNtY Mrhup.

8.
(m) jpUf;FwSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf tho;e;jtH - fhe;jpabfs;
(M) kfhj;khtpd; kuzj;jpw;F fhuzk; - kjntwp
(,) ehL Kd;Ndw vJ Ntz;Lk; - flik xOq;F
(<) jUk kfhkpj;jpuHfs; - jkNghjfHfs;

9.
(i) rpiw mjpfhupahf.
 (ii) gpuk;G

10.
i) 5000
ii) NegpaH uhLfs;
iii) gpNs]; gh];fy;
iv) N[Hkd;

11.
i) ];fhl;yhe;J
(ii) yPg;dp];
(iii) mghf];
(iv) 1694

12.
(i) rup
(ii) jtW
(iii) rup
(iv) jtW
(v) jtW
(vi) rup
(vii) rup

13.
(i) (m) new;wpf;fz;
(ii) (M) fhl;L NtHfs;

14.
(i) kdpjUs; khzpf;fk; vd;wiof;fg;gLgtH ahH?
(ii) mg;Jy; fyhk; vq;F gzpGupe;jhH?

15.
(i) rpyH NgRtJ vjpupy; cs;stiu Mok;ghHf;Fk;tpjkhf
mikAk;.
(ii) fe;jd; jl;bf;fopf;Fk;tpjkhf Ngrpdhd;.
(iii) Ntiyaw;wtid rKjhak; fps;Sf;fPiuahf epidf;Fk;.
 (iv) elf;fhj epfo;tpid ele;jJNghy; rpyH $Wtij fij
fl;Ljy; vd;gH.

16.
(i) nfl;lJ
(ii) kL
(iii) ,wf;fk;

17.
(i) ,izak;
(ii) jhdpaf;fk;
(iii) Jis ml;il
(iv) gy;jpwd;

18.
(i) ryry - ePH ryryntd XbaJ
(ii) fkfk - rikf;Fk;NghJ thrk; fkfknts te;jJ.

19.
(i) Nfusk;
(ii) NfhJik
(my;yJ)
Nruj;J ahid je;jk;
(iii) fd;dlk;

20.
(i) Gytd;
(ii) fUtp

21.
(i) rup
(ii) rup
(iii) rup
(iv) rup
(v) rup
(vi) rup
(vii) jtW
(viii) jtW
22.
(i) fkd rpj;jHfs;.
(ii) foq;fhLk;> rpw;wpiyf; nfhz;NlhLk;.
(iii) jd; rhjpapNyNa ngz; nfhLj;J ngz; vLg;ghHfs;.
(iv) rpj;jHfs; ,k;kiyf;F te;J Nahfq;fs;>rpj;J Ntiyiar;
nra;thHfs;.

23.
(i) NtlHfs;.
(ii) jpUkhy;.

24.
(i) fz;ZilatH vd;W caHj;jpr; nrhy;yg;gLgtH fw;wtNu.
fy;yhjtH jk; Kfj;jpy; ,uz;L fz;fisg; ngw;wpUg;gH.
MapDk; mtw;iwg; Gz;fs; vd kf;fs; ,opthff; $WtH.
(ii) fw;wtDf;F ve;jnthU ehLk; ve;jnthU CUk; nrhe;jkhFk;.
mj;jF kjpg;igAk; nghUisAk; jUtJ fy;tp. xU
gpwtpapy; fw;w fy;tp VO gpwg;gpYk; njhlUk;. xUtUf;Ff;
nfLjy; ,y;yhj Nkd;ik cila nry;tkhf tpsq;FtJ.

25. xU ehL ghJfhg;Gj; JiwapYk; mJ rhHe;j mikg;GfspYk;

jd;dpiwT ngwNtz;Lk;. mg;nghOJjhd; Njrg; ghJfhggpidg;
;Ngzpf;fhf;f KbAk;. xU rpy njhopy;El;gj; JiwfspYk; mwptpay;
njhopy;El;gj;jpYk; ek; cs;ts typikfis ehk; tYg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;. njhopy;El;gk; xd;Nw Njrg;ghJfhg;G mspf;fKbAk;.

26.
(i) ntq;fl;> Fg;Grhkp> kw;Wk; fUg;gd;.
(my;yJ)
(ii) midj;J JiwfspYk; kdpjts Mw;wiy Nkk;gLj;jr;
nray;jpl;lq;fis tFj;Js;sJ.
27.
(i) ehlfj;jpy; fhl;rpfs; ,lk;ngWk;> mq;fq;fs; ,lk;ngWk;>
fhl;rpfspy; fijkhe;jHfs; Njhd;wp ciuahly;> rk;gtq;fspd; top
fijia efHj;jpr; nry;tJ.
(my;yJ)
(ii) kuq;fs; fpuhkj;J tho;f;ifapy; capHehbahf tpsq;FfpwJ.
kz; mupkhdj;ijj; jLf;fpd;wd. MLkhLfSf;Fr; rpwe;j czitj;
jUfpd;wd ,tw;iw ntl;Ltjhy; ,it fpilf;fhky; Nghfpd;wd.

28. goq;fisg; gwpj;J ke;jpfSf;Ff; nfhLj;Jf; nfhQ;rp kfpOk;.

29. (i) fz; ghHitahNyNa cw;W Nehf;fpj; NjtHfis miog;ghHfs;
(my;yJ)
(ii) #upadpd; Njupy; G+l;br; nry;Yk; Fjpiuf; fhy;fs; tOf;Fk;.
30. (i) nrhHf;f Nyhfk;
(my;yJ)
(ii) ,e;jpud;
31. Mapuk; fz;fs; ,y;iynad;gjhy;

32. tpRthkpj;jpu KdptH

33.
jkpopy; 96 tif rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; cs;sd. mtw;Ws;
FwtQ;rpAk; xd;W ,t;tifapy; Njhd;wpa E}y;fSs; jpUf;Fw;whyf;
FwtQ;rp Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ MFk;. jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s Rw;Wyhj;
jyq;fSs; jpUf;Fw;whyKk; xd;W. ,t;T+H jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;jpy;
cs;sJ. mUtpfs; epiwe;j CH. Njd; mUtp> nrz;gf mUtp> Ie;J
mUtp> gioa mUtp Nghd;w gy mUtpfs; ,q;F cs;sd. ,j;jF
ePHtsk; kpf;fJ jpUf;Fw;whyk;. ,t;thW Fwj;jp jd; kiyapd; tsk;
$Wfpd;whs;. FwtHfs; jk; ,dj;jpNyNa ngz; nfhLjJ ngz;
vLg;gH. Fwj;jp ,e;jpah KOikAk; cs;s midj;J kiyfSk;
jq;fSf;F VNjh xU tifapy; cwT cilait vd;W Fwj;jp
$Wfpwhs;. Fwj;jpapd; ,f;$w;W ghujpapd; Njrpa xUikg;ghl;L
czHTr; rpe;jidia xj;jpUf;fpwJ.

34.
(i) jhk; + ,d;GWtJ
(ii) rhk; + JizAk;

35.
(i) gpupj;jhy; nghUs;juhj xypf;Fwpg;Gr; nrhw;fs;.
(ii) rNunyd

36.
(i) Vkhg;Gilj;J
(ii) thOKapHf;F
37.
(i) Jd;gNkh ,d;gNkh gpwuhy; tUtdtd;W. mtw;wpw;F tpjpNa
fhuzkhFk;. ,b Koq;Fk; thdj;jpypUe;J kpd;dy;
xspHfpwJ. mjd;gpd; FspHe;j kio nghopfpwJ. mJ
kiyapd; kPJ tpOfpwJ. gpwF mUtpaha;g; gha;e;J Mwhfg;
ngUf;nfLj;J mjpy; njg;gk; nry;YfpwJ. mJNghyg; gpwtp
vd;Dk; ngupa Mw;wpy; tpOe;j capH tpjpf;F Vw;gNt
,d;gj;ijAk; Jd;gj;ijAk; EfHfpwJ. MfNt jdf;F
Vw;gl;l ed;ik> jPikf;Fj; jhNd fhuzk; vd;gij
xt;nthUtUk; czu Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ed;F czHe;NjhH
ngupNahiug; GfoTk; rpwpatHfis ,foTk; nra;akhl;lhH.
vy;yhk; tpjpapd; nray; vd;gij vz;zp kd mikjp
ngWtH.

38.
(i) xUtUf;F ed;ikAk; jPikAk; Njhd;Wk;. mtw;iwg; NghyNt
tUj;jKk; mJ ePq;fpa kfpo;r;rpAk; Vw;gLfpd;wd. ,t;Tyfpy;
gpwg;G ,Ug;gijg; Nghy ,wg;G vd;gJk; cWjp. ,t;Tyf
tho;f;if ,dpik cilaJ vd;nwz;zp kfpoTk; Ntz;lhk;.
Jd;gk; cilaJ vd;W jsuTk; Ntz;lhk;. ,it midj;Jk;
gpwuhy; tUtd vd;W fUjf; $lhJ. ,t;Tyfj;jpy; cs;s
CHfisj; jk; Cuhff; nfhz;L midtiuAlk;
cwtpduhfg; ghHj;jhy; Kuz;ghLfs; ,y;yhj ey;y
tho;tpid thoyhk;. Ntw;Wikfis kwf;f kdpjNeaNk
mbg;gilahFk;.
(ii) ve;j CuhapDk; mJ vkf;F CuhFk;. ahuhf ,Ug;gpDk;
mtH vkf;F cwtpduhthH. ekf;F Vw;gLk; nfLjNyh
ed;ikNah gpwuhy; tUtjd;W. tUj;jKk;> kfpo;r;rpAk;
mj;jd;ikapdthk;. ,t;Tyfpy; ,dpaJ vd;W kfpo;r;rp
miltJk; ,y;iy. Jd;gk; te;j Neuj;jpy; nfhbaJ vd
xJf;FtJk; ,y;iy. Mw;wpy; mfg;gl;l njg;gk; me;ePupd;
Nghf;fpw;F Vw;gr; nry;fpwJ. mjidg; Nghy ,t;Tyf
tho;tpy; mfg;gl;l capHfs; tpjpapd; topapNyNa nry;Yk;
vd;gJ mwpTilNahH fz;L njspe;j cz;ikahFk;.
Mifahy; khz;gpdhy; ngUik ngw;Nwhiu kjpj;Jg;
Nghw;WjiyAk; nra;a khl;Nlhk;. Rpwpatiu ,fo;e;J
$WtijAk; nra;Nthk;.

39.
(i) njd;dhg;gpupf;fhtpy; ,e;jpaHfspy; K];yPk; cil
jupg;gtHfs; kl;Lk; jiyg;ghif mzpe;J nfhs;tJk;>
kw;wtHfs; jiyg;ghifia vLj;JtpLtJk; tof;fkhf
 ,Ue;Js;sJ. ,e;epiyapy; fhe;jp mzpe;jpUe;j
jiyg;ghifia vLf;Fk;gb Mq;fpNyaH $wpdH. ,e;jpaj;
jiyg;ghifiaf; fow;wp tpLtJ vd;gJ mtkjpg;Gf;F
cld;gLtjhf MFk; vd;W fhe;jp vz;zpdhH. Mdhy; mNj
Neuj;jpy; Mq;fpyj; njhg;gp Nghl;Lf; nfhs;StNj NghJk;
vd;Wk; fUjpdhH. ,nuapy; gazj;jpy; Kjy; tFg;gpYk;
,uz;lhk; tFg;gpYk; gazk; nra;Ak; ,e;jpaHfs;>
njd;dhg;gpupf;f nuapy;Nt mjpfhupfshYk;
nts;isaHfshYk; Jd;gg;gLjy; tof;fkhf ,Ue;jJ.
fhe;jpabfSk; ,jw;F tpjptpyf;F my;y. fhe;jp
gpupl;NlhupahTf;F nuapypy; gazk; nra;jNghJ fhe;jp fUg;G
kdpjd; vd;gjhy; xU nuapy;Nt mjpfhup fhe;jpiag; ghHj;J
ePH rhkhd;fs; tz;bf;Fg; Nghf Ntz;Lk;. vd;W $wp mtuJ
ifiag; gpbj;J ,Oj;J ntspNa js;sptpl;lhH. gpd;dH
fhe;jp jdf;F Vw;gl;l mtkhdq;fisg; nghUl;gLj;jhky;
flikia epiwNtw;w NtW xU nuapy; %yk;
gpupl;Nlhahtpw;Fg; Gwg;gl;lhH.
fhe;jp gpupl;Nlhupahtpw;F nuapypy; Kjy; tFg;G bf;nfl;
vLj;J gazk; nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ bf;nfl;
gupNrhjfH mtiu %d;whk; tFg;G tz;bf;Fg;
Nghfr;nrhd;dhH. mg;NghJ fhe;jpAld; gazpj;j Mq;fpyg;
gpuahzp vdf;F vJTk; Ml;Nrgk; ,y;iy vd;whH. mjw;F
gupNrhjfH xU $ypAld; gpuahzk; nra;a ePq;fs;
tpUk;gpdhy; vdf;F vd;d ftiy vd;W fhHL me;j
Mq;fpyg; gpuahzpaplk; $wpdhH.
(ii) njd;dhg;gpupf;fhtpy; ,e;jpaHfspy; K];yPk; cil
jupg;gtHfs; kl;Lk; jiyg;ghif mzpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;
vd;w tof;fj;jpdhy; fhe;jpia jiyg;ghifia vLf;Fk;gb
Mq;fpNyaH $wpdH. Mdhy; fhe;jp njd;dhg;gpupf;fhtpy;
,Ue;j fhyk; KOtJk; jiyg;ghifia mzpe;jpUe;jhH.
,r;rk;gtk; mtHf;F njd;dhg;gpupf;fhgpy; vjpHghuhj
tpsk;guj;ij mspj;jJ. fhe;jp gpupl;NlhupahTf;F nuapypy;
gazk; nra;jNghJ Kjy; tFg;gpy; gazk; nra;af;$lhJ
vd;Wk; ePH rhkhd;fs; tz;bf;Fg; Nghf Ntz;Lk; vd;Wn
NghyP];fhuH te;J mtuJ ifiag; gpbj;J ,Oj;J ntspNa
js;sptpl;lhH. nuapYk; Gwg;gl;Lg; Ngha;tpl;lJ> fhe;jp
mjidg; nghUl;gLj;jhky; flikia epiwNtw;w NtW xU
nuapy; %yk; gpupl;Nlhupahtpw;Fg; Gwg;gl;lhH. ,t;thW
kPz;LnkhUKiw epfo;e;jJ. gpd;dH XH Fjpiu tz;bapy;
gazk; nra;jNghJ mtiu xU gpuahzpahff; fUjhky;
mtiu xU $ypahfNt fUjpdH. kw;nwhU Kiw fhe;jp
cyhTtjw;Fg; gpu]pnlz;L njUtopahf xU ikjhdj;jpy;
 ele;JNghFk;NghhJ Gjpjhf xU NghyP];fhuH fhe;jpia
cijj;Jj; njUtpy; js;sptpl;lhH. njd;dhg;gpupf;fhtpy;
,e;jpaHfSf;F vjpuhd Mq;fpNyaHfspd; mlf;FKiw
rl;ljpl;lq;fSf;F mg;ghw;gl;l ,Ue;jikia Nkw;$wpa
epfo;Tfspd; %yk; ek;khy; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. mj;Jld;
fhe;jpahH gl;l mtkhdq;fisAk;> Jd;gq;fisAk; czu
Kbfpd;wJ.

40.
(i) jkpo;g;ngz;
(ii) jPg;ngl;b
(iii) MgP]; nld;\d;

41.

(i) mfuk;
(my;yJ)
(ii) ,iwtid tzq;FgtH
42.
(i) 400
(ii) tpjp

43.
(i) jkpoHfspd; ,ay;G - md;idapd; mwpTiu - mwpQHfisg;
Nghw;Wjy; - kfhj;kh fhe;jpabfspd; kuzk; - fhe;jpabfspd;
murpay; tho;T - fhe;jpabfs; ts;Stupd; jpUf;FwSf;Fr;
rhd;whjhukhf tpsq;fpa epiy Mfpait.
(ii) goq;fhyg; gpw;Nghf;Fj; jkpodhf ,Ue;J thahy; kl;Lk;
tpsq;fhkYk;> czHthy; kl;Lk; cauhkYk;> nrayhNy
rPHg;gl;L> flikapy; fz;Zk; fUj;Jkhf ,Ue;J
Kw;Nghf;Fj; jkpodhf thoNtz;Lk; vd;W md;idapd;
fUj;jhf mwpTiuahf K.t. fbjj;jpy;
ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sik Nghd;wit.

44.
(i) mNrhfd; jd; gl;lj;Jf;F te;j xd;gjhtJ Mz;by;
fypq;fjjpd; kPJ gilnaLj;jy; - fypq;fNjrk; ,Ue;j ,lk;
- fypq;fHfSld; tPuj;Jld; Nghupl;lik - NghHf;fsj;jpy;
tPuHfs; kbe;J Nghjy; - mNrhfd; kdk; Ntjidaile;J
,dp NghH vd;gNj $lhJ vd KbntLj;jy; Nghd;wit.
(my;yJ)
 (ii) murdhfTk;> rf;futHj;jpahfTk; tpsq;fpatd; mNrhfd; -
Nthy;fhtpypUe;J rg;ghd; tiuapy; mtDila ngaH
,d;Wk; fTutpf;fg;gLfpwJ. rPdhtpYk;> jpngj;jpYk;
,e;jpahtpYk; mtDila ngUik toptopahfg;
ghuhl;lg;gl;L tUfpwJ Nghd;wit.

45. flyhy; #og;ngw;w ngz;zhfpa epykfspd; mofpa Kfkhfg;

ghujehL tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ghuj ehl;bd; njd;gFjpapy; jpuhtpl ehL
gpiw new;wpahff; fhzg;ngWfpd;wJ. jpuhtpl ehL new;wpapy; cs;s
jpyfkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mg;nghl;Lk; mjd; kzKk; Nghy
jkpo;g;ngz; tpsq;Ffpd;whs;. vy;yhj; jpirfspYk; Gfo; kzf;f
,j;jkpo;g;ngz; tho;e;J tUfpwhs;. cd;Dila ngUik kpf;f
,sikia ehq;fs; nka;kwe;J tho;j;Jfpd;Nwhk;! tho;j;Jfpd;Nwhk;
tho;j;Jfpd;Nwhk; Nghd;wit.
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