GABRIEL RENE MORENO

AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY

Hazard Identification in a Ceramics Industry

 Calucho Gutiérrez Mariana Silvestre 216008859

 Condori Lamb Ruth Milenka 216013631
 Inamine Jarandilla Hiroshi 216024757
 Mamani Rosas Cesar 212068288
 Mendoza Leon Alejandro 216031990
 Quiroz Núñez Carla Fernanda 216064864
 Rodríguez Padilla Zulema Diana 216065151
 Rivera Calcina Jonás 216065038

SANTA CRUZ - BOLIVIA

 CERAMIC INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION

This generalization of ceramic production is a milestone

in the history of humanity since it involves the mastery
and transformation of certain elements by human beings
and their management for the benefit of social
development. In addition to its functional aspect,
ceramics stand out for the aesthetic characteristics that
they acquire throughout History to the present day and
that serve in Archeology to identify different cultures due to their manufacturing
characteristics.

ceramic material

A ceramic material is one made up of metallic or non-metallic inorganic solids that

has been manufactured by heat treatment. Traditional ceramics are composed of
clay , however, there are currently numerous ceramic materials of different
composition that have many applications, for example, in the aeronautical industry
and in medicine .

Classification of ceramics

Depending on the nature and treatment of the raw materials and the firing process,
two large groups of ceramic materials are distinguished: coarse ceramics and fine
ceramics.

 Porous or thick ceramic materials. They have not undergone vitrification,

that is, the quartz does not melt with the sand because the oven
temperature is low. Its fracture (when breaking) is earthy, being totally
permeable to gases, liquids and fats.

 Waterproof or thin ceramic materials: those that are subjected to

Flow chart for ceramic production

SELECTION OF
SUBJECTS

GRINDING

ATOMIZED

PRESSING

DRYING

ENAMEL

STORAGE

COOKING

SELECTION

CLASSIFICATION

QA
Process diagram for the production of Ceramics

1.- Selection of subjects 2.- Grinding 3.- Atomizer

7.- Storage 6.- Enamelled 5.- Drying 4.- Pressing

8.- Cooking 9.- Selection

10.- Classification
11.- Quality Control
PROCESS DESCRIPTION

1. SELECTION OF SUBJECTS
The ceramic process begins with the selection of the raw materials that must be
part of the composition of the paste, which are fundamentally: Clays, degreasers or
clasts and water.

In the traditional ceramic industry, raw materials are generally used as they are
extracted from the mine or quarry, or after subjecting them to minimal treatment.

2. GRINDING
Our process is wet in mills with porcelain balls, where with water, total
homogenization of the different clays is achieved. The result of this process is
called Barbotina.
3. ATOMIZED
Slip drying and granulating process in sprayers against a current of hot air, where a
homogeneous humidity of 5 to 6% is achieved, which allows better compaction in
the press.

4. PRESSING
We have presses of 1000 and 2500 tons where the atomized powder is pressed
and shaped according to the size of the mold, thus obtaining what we call biscuit.

5. DRYING
Process that eliminates residual moisture from pressed parts. We have fast cycle
vertical dryers.

6. ENAMEL
The enamelling line is where enamels and screen printing inks are applied with
exclusive designs developed in Spain, Italy and Brazil. The enamels are applied
with different equipment such as discs, bells and airbrushes, and the designs with
automatic screen printing machines.

7. STORAGE
The pieces are stored in automatic cars, called boxes, for later entry into the oven
and in this way to achieve constant feeding.

8. COOKING
It is where the Sintering of the clays and the fusion of the enamel occurs. For this,
we have monolayer roller ovens that work at temperatures of approximately
1150°C, achieving the desired resistance, size and finish.

9. SELECTION
Size, tone and quality are the selection criteria we adopt, which is why we have a
first-class semi-automatic sorter.

10. CLASSIFICATION
It is where the pieces are boxed according to the size and quality obtained.

11. QUALITY CONTROL

Throughout the entire process, constant control of the parameters established by

the laboratory is carried out to obtain the finished product in accordance with
international technical standards ISO-10.545M and UNE standards.
Risk evaluation
The Fine method was used for risk assessment.

It is based on the calculation of the degree of danger, whose formula is the

following:

Degree of danger = Consequences*Exposure*Probability

As can be seen, a numerical evaluation is obtained considering three factors:

Consequences are the most likely outcomes of an accident due to the risk
considered.

Exposure is the frequency with which the risk situation occurs.

The probability that once the risk situation occurs, the events of the complete
accident sequence will occur.
Risk assessment
Hazard identification
To carry out hazard identification you have to ask yourself three things:
Question /
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
Yes, there is a
source of
damage to
The direct The direct If there is a
which operators
source of source of source of
are
Is there a damage is the damage is the damage, it is the
continuously
source of spray and the oven and all its equipment for
exposed and it
damage? dust generated associated sorting ceramic
is the
by this device. equipment. pieces.
equipment with
which they
work daily.

Question /
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
The injured
people could be
Those injured
the equipment
in an accident The injured
operators,
may be the people could The damaged
visitors and the
operators who be the people could be
surrounding
Who or what are operating a equipment the equipment
area. As the
can be piece of operators, operators and
plant can also
harmed? equipment, or visitors and the the surrounding
be damaged to
their colleagues surrounding area.
a great extent
at work around area.
because it can
them.
cause a great
disaster.

Question / Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification

 Areas
Damage can Due to poor
Damage can
occur at any maintenance Due to a series of
occur at any
time due to carried out by previous incidents,
time due to
several the industry or where the danger
several previous
How can previous due to the was not controlled
incidents, either
damage incidents, negligence of either due to
due to
occur? whether due to the operators previous poor risk
negligence of
operator responsible for management or
the operators or
negligence or the area. operator
damage to the
equipment cause great negligence, lack of
material.
breakdown. disaster. maintenance, etc.

Additionally, a list of questions can be developed, such as: during work activities,
are the following dangers present?

Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
Yes, there may
It is low There is a very
be falls and
probability that high probability
blows, with
the operators that the
temporary or
The probability and their operators and
permanent
is very low, but surroundings their
injury, this
it exists when will suffer any surroundings
depends on
Falls and transferring the type of blow or will suffer some
whether the
blows operator and cut because type of blow or
operator at the
manipulating a they are not in cut because
time of the
tool. direct contact they are in
accident was
with the direct contact
wearing the
product or with the product
corresponding
equipment. and equipment.
PPE.

Hazards/ Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification

 Areas
Almost
This depends
impossible.
on whether the It is unlikely It is unlikely
Unless there is
Falls at the operator is since the area since the area is
a distraction on
same level attentive when is clear clear
the part of the
doing his job.
staff.

Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
Personnel falls
to a different
level could not
Frequent risk
be possible
due to the fact
naturally since It is not
Falls of that the operator It is not possible
there are possible since
people at is constantly since the work
handrails, the work area
different moving at area is on the
unless the is on the same
levels different levels same level.
operator was level.
through the
pushed by an
atomizer.
external force
which makes
him fall.

Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
- The sources
of damage are
the areas
where these
tools are It is possible, It is not possible
It is not
located and but only in case for this to
Falls of tools, possible since
their handling. the workers do happen since
materials, the work area
- The worker not comply with the work area is
etc., from is on the same
may be harmed the rules of the at the same
height. level.
as he or she place. level.
may fall into it
and could
suffer a serious
injury or injury.

Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
 The work
Mostly no
Inadequate The work space space is Workspace is
problem.
space. is adequate. adequate. adequate

Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
This is probably
one of the most
important
sources of
damage per
-The main operation, the
source of set of actions of
damage is due lifting, placing,
to the grinding pushing,
operation, the transporting or
set of actions of moving the load.
In this area, the
lifting, placing, -Both workers
transportation of The load is not
pushing, who handle
Dangers loads is in the hands of
pulling, loads on a
associated automated, the operators,
transporting or regular basis
with manual therefore there therefore it
moving the and occasional
handling of is no danger would not pose
load. workers can be
loads. associated with a danger.
-Both workers damaged.
this.
who handle -It occurs in the
loads on a form of physical
regular basis fatigue and
and occasional injuries, which
workers can be can occur
damaged. immediately or
due to the
accumulation of
small traumas
and can be
injured.

Hazards/Areas Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification

Hazards in This is If there is a If there is a If there is a
facilities and possible if significant significant significant
machines there is poor danger danger danger
associated handling by regarding: regarding: regarding:
 -Electrical -conveyor belts
-Electrical
installations -the operation
with assembly, installations
the personnel -Operation of equipment
consignment, -conveyor belts
in charge of -Maintenance for
operation, -Maintenance
the equipment of the different classification.
maintenance, of the different
at the time. equipment and -Electrical
modification, equipment and
oven. installations.
disassembly. oven.
-Disassembly

Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
If this danger
exists, this is a
source of
Fires and constant
It is not possible
explosions can Yes, there is a damage of
since this work
cause serious danger of utmost
area does not
damage and spontaneous importance in
Fires and have equipment
burns are explosion and all areas,
Explosions that could cause
among the causing fatal especially in
this type of
worst injuries a accidents. this one, which
danger.
person can is the cooking
suffer. area where
there is an
industrial oven.
Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
The source of
damage is
exposure to
noise
vibrations,
manual
handling,
exposure to
There is no Yes, there is
Dangers of noise when
danger, since danger, since
vehicles, loading and No, the process
there is no there is an
both in unloading clay does not require
internal vehicle internal vehicle
internal into grinding. the use of
transportation transportation
transport and The worker vehicles.
system in this system in this
road may be
area. area.
transport. harmed,
because the
driving
professional
may suffer
stress and are
exposed to
chemical risks.
Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
In the ceramics
industry, as in most
industries, there will be
a risk of poisoning,
due to the substances
used. For the grinding
process it is the raw
material or chemical
substances such as:
 Silicate:
Odorless white
It is not It is not
powder, can
considered a considered a
cause
significant significant
pneumoconiosi
danger since danger since
s. Atomized dust
all possible all possible
 Silica: They are that, without
particles that particles that
Substance colorless the necessary
exist in the air exist in the air
s that can crystals or protection, can
around it will around it will
be inhaled white powders. cause long-
be trapped by be trapped by
They are term illness.
the air the air
absorbed by purifying purifying
inhalation. It workers' workers'
produces masks. masks.
silicosis, the
lymphatic
reaction
produces
modulation.
The reaction
with the tissues
(bronchial,
vascular)
produces
fibrosis.
Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
There are many
external dangers that
we can find, from
objects to some
chemicals: It is not
 Feldspar: It is considered a
an odorless significant
white powder, danger since
Substance it causes Yes, the all possible
s or tearing and atomized particles that
This type of risk
agents slight irritation powder, exist in the air
does not exist
that can to the eyes. causing around it will
damage  Calcium irritation. be trapped by
the eyes. carbonate: It is the air
a fine white purifying
and creamy workers'
powder, which masks.
causes tearing
and slight
irritation to the
eyes.

Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
These substances would
become:
 Feldspar:
Odorless white
powder, can This type of risk
cause dry skin, Their danger
does not exist
Substance abrasions, Yes, is minimal due
in the
s that may discomfort and atomizing to the work
classification
cause irritation. produces a overalls of the
area, in any
harm  Chromium oxide: fine powder. operators and
case with EPP
through Silvery-white Generating visitors with
metal, hard and the operator is
skin hives and their
brittle. It can responsible for
contact or itching. respective
cause allergic protecting his
absorption PPE.
contact dermatitis, safety.
which is very itchy
and usually
affects the hands
and forearms.

Hazards/ Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification

Areas
There are not
many
substances that
cause damage,
Substances Yes, the paste
such as
that can that is There is no
feldspar, an There is no
cause harm processed is a such danger in
odorless white such danger.
when mixture of clay this area.
powder. When
ingested soils.
ingesting this
substance,
there is not
much toxicity.

Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
This type of
The sources of This type of
danger is
damage are the danger is of
considered due
different consideration
to:
machines that either because
Hazardous -conveyor belts
emit dangerous of:
energies (for The worker
energies such Heat radiation, -conveyor belts
example: could be
as the grinding noise and -electric motors
electricity, harmed; with
area. The vibrations With earmuffs it
radiation, earmuffs it
worker may be would not pose
noise and would not pose
harmed as he a significant
vibrations). a significant
comes into danger to an
danger to an
contact with operator or
operator or
dangerous visitor.
visitor.
energies.
Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
The sources of
damage are the
classification
In the case of
area.
the grinding This problem
The worker can
area, the exists due to
Musculoskele be harmed,
damage to the going up and
tal disorders especially those
worker is not down stairs. There is no
(MSDs) who work in the
much, it more And other series such danger.
derived from sorting area.
affects all those of movements
repetitive Due to forced
who work in the that cause
movements. postures,
classification muscle
repetitive
area. problems.
movements and
manipulation of
loads.

Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
This type of
danger is a
consideration
The worker since the
may be harmed cooking area
due to must have a The thermal
Only if there is
Inappropriate discomfort or fresh air environment is
no proper
thermal annoyance. It circulation adequate in this
ventilation.
environment. occurs in the system. So area
form of thermal that it is not
stress. considered a
danger of
thermal stress
for operators.

Hazards/
Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification
Areas
 The worker
may be harmed
by acquiring
long-term
illness, and It is possible
may suffer during the night.
The conditions
injuries or Lack of light in
are adequate
accidents. It this area can
Inadequate therefore it The conditions
occurs in the cause other
lighting would not pose are suitable.
form of visual types of
conditions. a danger.
and ocular accidents and
discomfort, not just
visual fatigue, blindness.
errors and
accidents,
decreased
quality of work.

Hazards/Areas Grinding Atomized Cooking Classification

The source of
damage is the
The handrails
stairs in the
It is possible if are placed There are no
grinding area.
there is not around the oven handrails in the
The worker
good and the sorting area,
may be injured,
Inadequate maintenance conveyor belts, since the level
as he may fall.
railings on from time to posing no of the conveyor
It occurs in the
stairs. time so that this significant belts is
form of blows,
type of accident danger to adequate for
fractures,
does not occur. operators and workers.
among other
visitors.
serious
accidents.

Risk assessment by area

1. MATERIALS SELECTION
A
Agent Classificatio
Risk c N Q Factor
n
D
 Heavy duty vehicles 15 10 1 150 Moderate
Physical
Risks Physical effort
10 3 1 30 Tolerable
Inhalation of clay dust,
Chemical
fumes, gases or vapors. 5 10 3 150 Moderate
hazards

Biological Strange substance that clay

5 6 6 150 Moderate
risks brings
General machinery without
Mechanical 15 3 3 135 Moderate
guard
Risks
Unprotected conveyor belts 15 6 3 270 Important

2. GRINDING
A
Classificatio
Risk Agent c N Q Factor
n
D
Produced by the process
Noises and machinery that is used and
15 4 5 260 Important
Vibrations those due to the
installation.
Chemical Inhalation of dust and clay
5 10 6 280 Important
hazards particles
Heavy lifting machinery
5 10 3 150 Moderate

Poor handling of machines

Mechanical 5 8 5 170 Important
and installation.
Risks
Indirect contact with
10 7 4 180 Moderate
conveyor belts

3. ATOMIZED
AN
Risk Agents c Q Factor Classification
D
Physical risk Forced air 10 0,5 0,5 2,5 Trivial
ventilation 1 10 3 30 Tolerable
Lightning 1 6 1 6 Trivial
Vibrations 5 6 6 180 Moderate
 noises 15 10 6 900 Intolerable
High temperatures 1 10 6 60 Tolerable
Mechanical
friction surface 25 0,5 0,5 6,25 Trivial
Risks
Electrical Electromechanical
25 1 3 75 Moderate
hazards system
Risk of Movements made in
5 1 1 5 Trivial
physical wear place
Risks related
to the work Unevenness 25 6 1 150 Moderate
area
Psychological
Stress 1 3 3 9 Trivial
risk

4. PRESSING
Classificatio
Risk Agents c AND Q Factor
n
Noise 15 6 3 270 Important
Physical Extreme
5 1 1 5 Trivial
risks temperatures
Vibrations 5 3 1 15 Trivial

Mechanical Flattening 25 1 3 75 Moderate

risks Shearing 15 1 6 90 Moderate
Risks tripping 1 6 6 36 Tolerable
related to
the work falls 1 6 3 18 Trivial
area
Electrical Electromechanical
25 1 3 75 Moderate
hazards systems

5.DRYING
A
Agent Classificatio
Risk c N Q Factor
n
D
Humidity 1 10 6 60 tolerable
Physical Risks
High temperatures 5 10 3 150 moderate
Risk of physical
Physical wear 5 10 6 300 Important
wear

Electric risk Bad electrical installation 25 1 3 75 Moderate

Ovens/damages
5 10 3 150 Moderate
Mechanical Risk
Mechanical conveyors 15 6 1 90 moderate
 6.ENAMELLED

AN
Risk Agent c Q Factor Classification
D

Noise 5 10 6 300 Important

Physical
Vibration 5 10 3 150 moderate
risks
lightning 1 3 1 3 Trivial

Chemical
Gases 15 6 3 270 Important
hazards

Motors and/or
1 1 1 1 Trivial
electrical equipment
Mechanical
risks Deposits 1 0.5 1 0.5 Trivial

Conveyor belts 5 3 3 45 Tolerable

Electrical
Electricity 1 3 1 3 Trivial
hazards

7. STORAGE
AN
Risk Agent c Q Factor Classification
D
Noise 15 6 3 270 Important
Physical risks
Lightning 1 3 1 3 Trivial

Mechanical Electric equipment 5 10 3 150 Moderate

risks Conveyer belt 15 6 3 270 Important

Electrical
Electricity 1 3 1 3 Trivial
hazards

8. COOKING
Risk Agent c A Q Factor Classificatio
 N
n
D
1
Extreme oven temperatures 10 1 150 Moderate
Physical 5
Risks Noise generated by conveyor 1
6 6 540 Intolerable
belts 5
Chemical 1
Oven fumes (Skin contact) 6 3 270 Important
Risks 5
Electric 2
Powered Machinery 3 3 225 Important
Irrigation 5
Oven (Indirect source of
1
damage, appropriate PPE 6 3 270 Important
5
Mechanical must be worn)
Risks Conveyor belts in indirect
contact with operators and 5 10 3 150 Moderate
workers

9. PRODUCT SELECTION
A
Classificatio
Risk Agent c N Q Factor
n
D
Physical Noise generated by conveyed
15 3 6 270 Important
Risks belts
Chemical Dust resins that ceramics
5 10 6 300 Important
hazards may have
Indirect contact with conveyor
5 10 3 150 Moderate
Mechanical belts
Risks
Scaffolding, stairs around 10 6 3 180 Moderate

10. CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS

A
Classificatio
Risk Agent c N Q Factor
n
D
Packet drops
classified (badly 1 intolerable
Physical Risks 25 3 750
accommodated) on the 0
company's personnel
Chemical Constant skin exposure to 1
5 3 150 moderate
hazards glue 0
Mechanical Indirect contact with cargo 15 6 3 270 important
Risks carriers
 Scaffolding, stairs around 10 6 3 180 Moderate

Determination of the four most critical areas of a ceramic industry

AREAS DEGREE OF DANGER

Subject selection 885
Grinding 1040
Atomized 1423.75
Pressing 584
Drying 825
Enamel 772.5
Storage 696
Cooking 1605
Selection 900
Classification 1350

Protective equipment for people in critical areas

Personal protective equipment

Atomizing
Body parts Cooking Area Grinding area Sorting area
area
Eyes - Safety glasses Safety glasses -

Air
Expensive Purifiers/Face Chinstrap -
-
Protection
 Head Type II helmet Helmet type I Type I helmets
Steel toe Steel Toe
Feet steel toe boots steel toe boots
boots Boots
Chrome-
Hands and Neoprene tanned leather
Welder's glove -
arms Gloves or canvas
gloves
Safety shirt
Body Rompers Overalls Rompers
and pants
Protective
Hearing Ear muffs Plugs Plugs
hearing aids

Risk Management for a ceramics industry

1. LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS

Comply with legal provisions regarding health and safety at work, placing emphasis
on the regulations associated with their activities. Any omission on your part to
comply with these requirements will be considered a contravention of the contract,
in accordance with the contractual stipulations that bind you to the company.

Assume responsibility for any accident caused by non-compliance with the legal
provisions that apply to them, the provisions contained in these Regulations, as
well as the directives, policies and other current documents approved by the
company in matters of safety and health in its facilities, which are duly
communicated to it.

The contractor must ensure that, in the development of the activities, the conditions
of Safety, Health, Environment and well-being of the personnel involved in the field
work are met, to this end:

1. It will provide all necessary information regarding potential dangers.

2. Provide adequate and appropriate safety equipment.
3. It will implement appropriate measures in terms of safety, health,
environment and protection.
4. It will comply with the provisions of the legal regulations in force in Bolivia in
this matter.

2. OBJECTIVES AND PROGRAMS

The organization shall establish, implement and maintain documented OSH

objectives, at relevant levels and functions within the organization.

Objectives should be measurable where feasible and should be consistent with the
OSH policy, including commitments to prevent harm and deterioration of health, to
comply with applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the
organization subscribes, and to improve keep going.

When an organization sets and reviews its objectives, it must take into account the
legal and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and its OSH
risks. Additionally, you should consider your technology options, financial,
operational and business requirements, as well as the views of relevant
stakeholders.

The organization must:

a) identify the processes necessary for the quality management system and its
application throughout the organization.

b) determine the sequence and interaction of these processes

c) determine the criteria and methods necessary to ensure that both the operation
and control of these processes are effective
d) ensure the availability of resources and information necessary to support the
operation and monitoring of these processes

e) monitor, measure and analyze these processes, and implement the necessary
actions to achieve the planned results and continuous improvement of these
processes.

3. STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITIES

For a Training Management System to be developed effectively, it is necessary to
clearly establish and define the hierarchy of authority and responsibilities of each of
its members and effective internal communication.

Responsibility and Authority :

Management must ensure that responsibilities and authorities are defined and
communicated to the organization.

To be effective, an organization must have a perfectly established order, both in

the assignment of responsibilities and in the performance of each of the tasks. For
this reason, it is essential to clearly determine the functions that make up the
operation and management processes and assign each of them to a specific
person, so that no function is left unassigned or that can be performed by more
than one person, thus places greater responsibility on each worker for the quality
of their work.
The assignment of responsibility and authority must be accompanied by an
adequate training plan, good internal communication and worker participation.

Management representative :
Senior management must appoint a representative, a person responsible for the
Quality Management System who acts as a representative of management and
who:

 Ensure the establishment, implementation and maintenance of processes

necessary for the SGF.
 Report to senior management on SGF performance and improvement
needs.
 Ensure customer focus
 of the Training Management System (SGF)
 Motivate organization members in meeting customer expectations.
 Serve as an interlocutor with interested parties and auditors.

3.1 TRAINING, AWARENESS AND COMPETENCE

OSH awareness and training programs should be established and maintained that
address the following areas:

 Understanding of the organization's OSH provisions and the specific roles

and responsibilities of individuals for those provisions;
 A systematic initial and ongoing training program for employees and for
those transferring between work centers, departments, areas, jobs or tasks
within the organization;
 Training on OSH provisions, the dangers, risks and precautions to be taken
and the procedures to be followed, such training must be given before
starting work;
 Training to carry out hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control;
 Specific internal or external training that may be necessary for employees
with specific functions in the OSH system, including employee OSH
representatives;
 Training for all people managing employees, contractors or others (e.g.
temporary workers) regarding their OSH responsibilities. This ensures that
they and those under their control understand the dangers and risks of the
operations for which they are responsible wherever they occur. In addition,
it serves to ensure that staff have the necessary skills to carry out activities
safely, following OSH procedures;
 The roles and responsibilities of senior management to ensure that the
OSH management system serves to control risks and minimize illnesses,
injuries and other losses to the organization.

Likewise, both the effectiveness of the training and the resulting level of
competence should be evaluated. Evaluations may be required as part of training
exercises and/or field checks to determine whether the required competency has
been achieved or to monitor the long-term effect of the training provided.

The organization shall establish and maintain procedures to ensure that its
employees at each relevant function and level are aware of and informed of:

 The importance of compliance with the OSH policy and procedures and
with the requirements of the OSH management system;
 The actual or potential OSH consequences of your work activities and the
OSH benefits of your improved personal performance;
 Your roles and responsibilities in achieving compliance with the OSH policy,
procedures and management system requirements, including emergency
preparedness and response requirements;
 The potential consequences of deviations from specified operating
procedures.
3.2 COMMUNICATION, PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION

3.2.1 Communication

In relation to its OSH hazards and its OSH management system, the organization
must establish, implement and maintain one or more procedures to:

a) Internal communication between the various levels and functions of the

organization

The implementation of intranet connection in all areas of the ceramic industry for
the exchange of information, communications, etc. effectively preventing the leak
of information by unauthorized persons. With the exception of areas such as
atomizing, drying and cooking where, due to the high temperature at which they
are found, the use of equipment is difficult. In these places Radios will be
implemented, global communication will be carried out from the operations room.

To carry out Global communication, in a faster and more urgent manner, each area
will have speakers that allow communication by the central staff.

b) Communication with contractors and other visitors to the workplace

In case of visits by external personnel, the visitor will have to be accompanied by a

person authorized by the same industry, due to the risk factors present in the
different areas, the authorized person will have a radio to inform the central room
of the industry in case of the need for communication.

c) Receive, document and respond to relevant communications from external

interested parties.

The reception operations, documentation and responses to relevant

communications from external interested parties will be carried out in a central
room, where it will be the most important pillar in terms of both internal and
external communication in the industry.

This room will have essential means of communication, as well as Internet, landline
telephone, Fax, Radios among the most notable.

3.2.2 PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION

The organization must establish, implement and maintain one or more procedures
to:

a) The participation of workers through their:

  Adequate involvement in the identification of hazards, risk assessment and
determination of controls.
 Adequate participation in the investigation of incidents.
 Involvement in the development and review of OSH policies and objectives.
 Check when there are any changes that affect your SST.
 Representation on OSH issues
 It is essential to have the participation of workers in the identification and
evaluation since they are the people who are most involved in the areas in
which they practice their profession, because a review can omit many risk
factors, due to these circumstances it is necessary to implement the
following points:
 Each area will have a security personnel in charge, this personnel will
manage and report the existing risks and determine the magnitude of the
same, through the reports made by each worker from time to time, in order
to cover all the opinions of the workers and draw a conclusion. .
 In a near miss, both the victim and the workers will have to report and detail
each aspect of the incident. To determine the cause produced and
subsequently act to eliminate or reduce these risks.
 In the development and review of policies, it is important to include the
opinions of all areas and levels of the industry. Informative meetings will be
held and in addition, exchange of opinions between all people in charge of
security by area on a monthly basis to achieve the set objectives. .
 The industry has to implement reforms to review and address workers'
complaints, this through a letter made by them, detailing the problems that
affect OSH and delivering to the person responsible in the safety area.
 When a new OSH policy is approved, this must be informed to all people
involved in the industry, either through circulars or at an internal
conference.
 As a key point, do not omit any alert and/or information from any personnel,
even if it is something insignificant. That will be the basis and the beginning
to achieve good SST.
 Workers must be informed about their participation agreements, including
who their representatives are on OSH issues.

b) Consultation with contractors when there are changes that affect their
SST.

The organization shall ensure that, where appropriate, external stakeholders are
consulted on relevant OSH issues. Once the changes made in the industry have
been approved internally, such as policy, objectives, OSH management, etc. The
auditors must subsequently be informed so that they can carry out their evaluation
and be approved. The communication will be carried out in the central room of the
industry.

Once approved by the internal audit, it will have to be communicated to an external

organization so that it can be evaluated, reviewed, etc. So that the industry can
later be certified if everything is in order and without problems, otherwise receive
the parts that have to be fixed to improve OSH.

4. DOCUMENTATION
The documentation of the OSH management system must include:

a) OSH policy and objectives.

The policy is determined by the Management:

 Suitable for the organization

 Commitment to continuous improvement
 Comply with legislation
 Documented, implemented and maintained
 Communicated and available
 Revised

Its objective is that the organization must establish and maintain documented
occupational health and safety objectives, at each level and relevant functions of
the organization. Promote actions that reduce the risks to which workers are
exposed.

The objectives must take into account:

 Legal requirements
 Accident Rates
 Reducing risk levels
 Audit reports.
 System nonconformities
 Technological considerations.

The objectives must be compatible with the organization's Policy, including the
commitment to continuous improvement.

b) The description of the scope of the OSH management system.

It needs to have a defined scope that includes all the activities carried out by the
company and that may generate certain risks to the health of employees. This
requires the identification of risks that exist in all work areas.
The scope of the system and its activities are extended not only to direct workers,
but also to visitors and contractors of the organization.

c) The description of the main elements of the OSH management system and
their interaction, as well as the reference to related documents.

An SST system has the following documents as a reference for its main elements:

Leadership and personal commitment

Establish clear roles, responsibilities and obligations for people and teams at all
levels of the organization.

Training and competition

The company will provide workers with a safe and healthy environment, as well as
provide learning opportunities, reinforcing and monitoring the application of skills at
work.

Risk management
Hazards can be identified, evaluated and mitigated through the application of
effective management of the change process. The process can be a simple
personal evaluation, a team evaluation in the field, or a formal group evaluation
process.

Operational controls and procedures

The risk assessment will determine the operational controls and procedures that
must be implemented to ensure safe work performance.

Health & Wellness

Health monitoring is a systematic approach toward the prevention, identification,
evaluation, control and monitoring of workplace health hazards and exposures.

Control of contractors
All contracting companies are required to provide and maintain a safe and healthy
work environment and have the responsibility to perform their work in compliance
with company standards.

Incident investigation
Correct reporting of incidents is required followed by thorough investigation,
development of causes, and implementation of corrective actions.

Emergency Preparedness
All personnel must be adequately prepared and have access to the resources
necessary to respond to emergencies.

Performance evaluation and measurement

It is essential to estimate progress in relation to requirements, goals and objectives
and to establish plans for continuous improvement. Through the systematic review
of corporate guidelines, standards, systems and processes, frequently carrying out
audits and evaluations and reviewing the performance and accountability process
to verify progress or identify deviations.

d) Documents, including records, determined by the organization as

necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the planning, operation and control
of processes related to OSH risk management.

The organization must establish and maintain information in an appropriate

medium, such as paper or electronic media, that:

 Describe the main elements of the management system and their

interaction.
 Provide references on linked documentation.

It is important that documentation is reduced to the minimum necessary to

guarantee effectiveness and efficiency.

The organization must identify those operations and activities associated with risks
that require the application of control measures.

Note: It is important that documentation is proportional to the level of complexity,

hazards and risks concerned, and that it is kept to the minimum required to achieve
effectiveness and efficiency.

4.1 DOCUMENT CONTROL

To control all documents and data required by the OHSAS specification and
records of the Prevention Management System

The organization must establish and maintain procedures to control all documents
and data required by this ORP specification, to ensure that:

 They can be located.

 Be periodically analyzed, reviewed and approved.
 Current versions of relevant documents and data are available to interested
parties.
 Obsolete documents and data are promptly removed.
 Documents and data that are saved for legal purposes, knowledge
preservation or both are appropriately identified.

The required documents must be controlled.

A procedure must be established to:

a) Approve the documents.

b) Review and update documents.

c) Ensure the identification of changes and update status.

d) Ensure that relevant versions of applicable documents are available at points of

use.

e) Ensure that documents remain legible and easily identifiable.

f) Ensure that the necessary external documents are identified and controlled

g) Prevent the unforeseen use of obsolete documents.

h) Document control procedure including assigned responsibilities and authorities.

5.- OPERATIONAL CONTROL FOR THE OHS OF A CERAMIC PRODUCTS

FACTORY

The objective of the study is to establish control methods and techniques in

Occupational Health and Safety in the operations carried out by the company
according to the hazards and risks identified in the activities, based on the control
requirements of the OHSAS 18001:2007 standard.

Identification of activities

The main activities that require greater control were identified through a risk
identification and analysis system in which four areas of the process stood out:

Grinding Area

Procedure. - An operator in charge transfers the raw material by means of a

loader and dump trucks to the respective feeder hoppers where it is gradually
supplied to the hammer mills. In the hammer mills, the grain size of the material is
reduced and then it is moved vertically by a bucket elevator Up to a mesh sieve
where the material is classified according to particle size. The raw material
crushing process must be controlled, this includes verifying the non-entry of foreign
substances, avoiding and/or repairing blockages and being aware of the good
mechanical and electrical functioning of the equipment and the entire area in
general.

Risks

 Physical risks. - Crushers produce dangerous noises and vibrations

  Chemical hazards. - Clay dusts are produced that remain suspended in the
air.
 Mechanical risks. - The crusher can easily sever a limb. High-tonnage
dump trucks and their cargo are a potential crushing hazard.

Preventive and emergency action procedures

With respect to these results, the following actions should be considered:

 Trainings. - Personnel must be trained to operate the crusher and work

around it safely.
 Preparation of operational guides. - In case the worker forgets what he
learned in the training and/or to have backup to help him if he has any
questions.
 Determination of PPE. - The use of ear muffs, helmet, boots, safety shirt
and pants, air filtering mask and protective gloves has been determined.
 Determination of frequency of carrying out medical examinations. - It has
been determined that medical examinations are carried out annually.
 Carrying out scheduled inspections. - Scheduled inspections must be
carried out every month.
 Establish work permits for high-risk activities. - It has been determined that
permission is required for the following works: Inspection and/or repair of
the crusher in case of failure, inspection and/or repair of the electrical
installation, any other activity that is not within the routine procedure.
 Awareness among staff. - Talks will be given aimed at promoting a culture
of safety at work, such as following safety rules, even if they do not seem
necessary, using PPE, even if it is annoying, not carrying out actions
without the permission or required training, etc.
 Monitoring of the proper use of protective elements. - A person responsible
for carrying out this activity must be designated permanently.

Atomizing area
Procedure. - First, the raw material suspension is sprayed and pumped, then the
hot gases are generated and fed to the atomizer, drying occurs by hot gas-
suspended droplet contact, and finally the atomized powder is separated from the
gases. An operator must control each stage.

Risks
  Physical Risks. - The noises produced by the atomizer are intolerable and
the vibrations, although moderate, are a long-term risk, the ventilation and
temperature are tolerable.
 Mechanical Risks. - Uneven work is carried out when verifying the injection
of hot air, so a possible fall is possible. Mechanical failure of some part of
the equipment is also possible when working with air at high pressure and
temperature, which can cause an explosion.

Given these dangers, the controls to be taken will be:

1. Monitoring the correct use of PPE. - Especially with hearing protectors, the
area manager must constantly monitor that his staff complies with the
proper use of the designated PPE.
2. Environmental controls. - It must be verified that the ventilation system
works correctly at all times and that the temperature does not exceed
permissible limits.
3. Check the condition of the machinery. - It must be seen that all equipment
has no defects and works correctly.
4. Establish work permits for high-risk activities. - Such as inspections of the
correct operation of the atomizer that are carried out at height.
5. Scheduled inspections. - Monthly to verify worker training and other control
parameters.

cooking area

Procedure. - The oven must be loaded with the raw pieces at 100 or 120 degrees
Celsius and wait between 2 to 4 hours. The pressure and temperature is then
increased approximately every 3 hours until it reaches 1000 to 1050 degrees
Celsius. Finally, the oven is turned off and the pieces are left inside until the next
day. In the morning, the oven is opened and the cooked pieces are unloaded.

 Physical Risks. - Hot vapors from the oven are a major danger, as are its
surfaces.
 Mechanical Risks. - Conveyor rollers can trap a careless worker. The
furnace works under high pressure and temperature conditions, so a failure
in its mechanism can result in an explosion of the furnace.
 Chemical hazards. - Cooking the dough releases toxic gases.

Controls:
  Trainings. - It must be verified that all personnel are trained to operate the
baking oven and carry out work around it and the conveyor belts
respectively.
 Determination of PPE. - The use of a helmet, boots, shirt and safety pants
designed to insulate heat and thermal protective gloves has been
determined.
 Carrying out scheduled inspections. - Scheduled inspections must be
carried out every month.
 Establish work permits for high-risk activities. - It has been determined that a
permit is required for the following works: Inspection and/or repair of any
part of the baking oven or conveyor belts, in case of failure, inspection
and/or repair of the electrical installation, any other activity that does not is
within routine procedure.
 Awareness among staff. - Talks will be given aimed at promoting a culture of
safety at work, such as following safety rules, even if they do not seem
necessary, using PPE, even if it is annoying, not carrying out actions without
the permission or required training, etc.
 Monitoring of the proper use of protective elements. - A person responsible
for carrying out this activity must be designated permanently.
 Environmental controls. - It must be verified that the ventilation and chimney
gas evacuation system work correctly at all times. If this is done, the use of
air filtering masks and even special clothing for heat can be avoided.

Sorting area
Procedure. - The operators receive the finished product and must classify it by
size, quality and model, separate the appropriate quantity to pack them and finally
label them and deposit them on the appropriate storage shelf to be able to locate
them later.
 Mechanical Risks. - Falling objects, entrapment of fingers or clothing.
 Ergonomic Risks - Overexertion, repetitive actions, bad posture. The work of
sorting can be mentally exhausting as many recorded numbers must be
kept track of.

Controls:

 Determination of PPE. - Helmet, boots and safety gloves must be worn.

 Trainings. - Personnel must be trained in techniques and postures for lifting
heavy loads.
 Establish scheduled breaks. - To avoid fatigue, stress and/or boredom, a
15-minute break is recommended every 2 hours.
  Determination of frequency of carrying out medical examinations. - Medical
examinations must be done annually.
 Carrying out scheduled inspections. - Inspections must be carried out every
month.
 Verification of correct use of PPE

Acquisition or transfer of goods and services and use of external resources

All external services that the company needs are carried out by requesting quotes
from competent companies with recognized experience at an academic and work
level; Then these quotes are subjected to verifications and comparisons in order to
choose the best service and cost.
To control the acquisition of goods, it is established to request the following from
the supplier:

For machinery, tools and equipment:

1. Certificate of compliance with safety regulations

2. Technical sheets with description your description
3. Procedures for use (in Spanish)
4. Maintenance Procedures (in Spanish)
5. In special cases, they must facilitate a discussion about its use

For chemicals

1. Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

2. Procedures for use (in Spanish)
3. A talk about handling and storage will be requested if necessary.
4. It will be verified that all containers comply with the applicable INEN
regulations. (tags included)

External hires
The safety supervisor meets with the contractor to review the place where the work
will be carried out and procedures to be followed by the personnel who will carry
out the work in order to prepare the technical safety sheet to be followed by the
contractor and his workers in said work. ; If it is a risky job, the company doctor will
check the staff before doing the work to know if they are ready or not to do it.

6.- PREPARATION AND RESPONSE TO EMERGENCIES

Prevention. -

External areas
  There must be security personnel at the entrances to control the entry of
suppliers, outsiders or report any situation that takes place outside the
factory facilities and that may affect it.
 The perimeter of the factory must be protected by a brick wall or Olympic
mesh with barbed wire at the highest part to prevent violation of the factory
boundaries by thieves or anyone who may enter without realizing the
dangers to those that are exposed.
 The perimeter and entrances of the facilities must have adequate signs that
indicate that you are entering private property, that there are dangers within
and that entry must be with authorization and personal protective
equipment.

Accidents to factory personnel or external people

Potential incidents in the grinding area:

 Dust contamination
 Crusher entrapment
 crusher collapse

Measures to adopt:

 In case of contamination of the environment with dust or collapse of the

crusher. - The place must be evacuated immediately to a meeting point
established as safe.
 In case of entrapment of a worker in the crusher. - The operation of the
crusher and conveyor belts must be immediately interrupted, emergency
medical personnel must be called, the injured person must be moved to a
safe place and first aid should be applied, and crowding of people around
should be avoided.

Drills must be carried out to practice the measures to be adopted in these events.

In the atomizing area:

 Falls from a different level

 Spontaneous explosion.
 Collapse of a high pressure hot air line
 Fire

Measures to adopt
 a) In the event of a fall from a different level, you should have a small amount
of first aid with material to heal wounds and stop bleeding to prevent blood
loss before the arrival of specialized personnel. You should not try to move
the injured person unless If strictly necessary, ventilate the area and try to
keep the injured person conscious.
b) In the event of a spontaneous explosion, collapse of an air line or fire, try to
remain calm at all times, if the fire is not very intense and/or there has been
no significant damage to the structure and there is no danger of If the
building or part of it collapses, trained personnel must try to fight the fire with
fire extinguishers arranged in strategic areas. Workers who have been
injured or trapped should be assisted as long as this does not put the life of
the rescuer at risk, who must have basic training on how to proceed in these
possible events. If the fire intensifies and/or the damage caused to the
structure of the area involves a risk of collapse, all workers must go in the
most orderly manner possible to a safe meeting point previously established
for events of this nature.

Quarterly drills should be prepared for these events, and staff should be trained in
first aid and firefighting.

In the cooking area

 Burns of different degrees

 Fire
 Explosion in gas lines
 Fatigue and/or heat fainting

Measures to adopt

 In the case of a minor burn, the affected person should be sent to the infirmary
for treatment. In the event of a serious burn, the affected person should be
removed to a ventilated area and immediately call the emergency team to
transport them to a health center. You should not touch the wound or its
surroundings; if the affected person suffers exaggerated pain, local anesthesia
can be applied.
 If the fire is not very intense and/or there has been no significant damage to the
structure and there is no danger of the building or part of it collapsing, trained
personnel must try to fight the fire with fire extinguishers arranged in strategic
areas. Workers who have been injured should be assisted as long as this does
not put the life of the rescuer at risk, who must have basic training on how to
proceed in these possible events. If the fire intensifies and/or the damage
caused to the structure of the area involves a risk of collapse, all workers must
 proceed in the most orderly manner possible to a previously established safe
meeting point.
 In the event of an explosion in the gas lines, the gas supply valves must be
immediately closed and then proceed as in the case of a fire.
 If a worker suffers fatigue and/or faints, he or she must be transferred to the
nursing area to be treated and rest. According to the floor doctor's assessment,
he or she can be sent to a health center, given the day off, or continue with the
work. work once recovered.

In the materials classification area

 Fatigue, tiredness
 Hits by falling objects
 Strikes against static objects
 Entrapments

Measures to adopt

 Due to fatigue and tiredness, the affected person should be sent to the infirmary
for recovery.
 In case of blows by moving or static objects without loss of consciousness, the
injured person should be sent to the infirmary to be treated and evaluated. In
the event of loss of consciousness, the area should be cleared and no attempt
should be made to move the injured person until specialized personnel arrive.
 In the event of entrapment, one should not try to rescue the affected person
without first evaluating the situation as this could harm them more instead of
helping them. It is better to wait for the arrival of firefighters or specialized
personnel unless their life is in serious danger.

EMERGENCY AND EVACUATION PLAN

INTRODUCTION

This Emergency Plan is aimed at staff working in a ceramics factory in the event of
an emergency in any of the following areas: External areas, production area,
accidents to staff and accidents to external people.

The plant will have four people who will be in charge of production and controlling
emergencies that may occur.

II.- OBJECTIVES
 Ensure adequate protection of the life and health of personnel, by planning the
actions to follow in certain emergency situations.
 Preserve and ensure the normal functioning of the company's facilities.
 To achieve, in a given emergency situation, the actions to be carried out are
carried out under the supervision of duly instructed and trained people, who act
according to the planning or plan duly established for each case.
 Create favorable habits and attitudes towards safety in staff, making them
aware of the risks that arise in certain emergency situations, and instructing
them how they should act in each of them.

III.- RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE EXECUTION OF THE PLAN

This point is in charge of people who have been duly selected, instructed and
trained, who are in charge of Supervising and Directing the mass evacuation of
officials and visiting public, therefore the General Manager will be the coordinator
of the emergency and Evacuation, which in turn has the cooperation of the three
plant workers.

Functions of the General Coordinator

 If an emergency occurs, you must evaluate the situation and determine

evacuation.
 Raise the internal and/or external alarm, if necessary (Firefighters, police,
worker's Hospital, etc.)
 Order total or partial evacuation.
 Authorize outside help if necessary.
 Prioritize asset rescue.
 Arrange personnel rescue.
 Reassure staff with the help of leaders, make them leave for previously
determined safe areas.
 Be attentive to any information related to the emergency that is given to you by
the staff.
 Have an updated list of all personnel working in the area. Verify personnel list
visually at the time of the emergency and in the security zone.
 Supervise evacuation.
 Organize the company in the emergency.
 Verify that everyone has been evacuated.
 Prevent the entry of any outside person

Functions of Workers
 Know all evacuation routes and safety areas.
 Leave the area calmly.
 Notify in case of withdrawal from the working day.
 Maintain accessible hallways. (clean)
 Give notice of any incipient fire.

Personnel Responsible for the Emergency Plan

Name Post Contact

Jonas Rivera Office: N°2 First floor

Emergency Coordinator
Calcina Cell: 74624453

The communication equipment to be used will be: corporate cell phone.

VI.- TYPE OF EVACUATIONS

 For the purposes of evacuations, this will be considered any duly programmed
and established action consisting of evacuating and abandoning an affected
area due to an emergency. An evacuation will always be effective and positive
when the following requirements are met:
 Access and exits must always be free of obstacles.
 Provide alternative exit routes, ensuring that people know the instructions to
access them.
 Protection of vertical spaces to keep the fire in a single area
 Maintain instructions and conduct drills so that people have knowledge of how
and when to initiate evacuation.
 Sanitation of any place that shows a potential risk towards the place to be
evacuated, whether fire or structural, such as cornice detachment.
 Evacuate people from the accident site.
 Provide security and attention to personnel after evacuation.

4.1.- Partial Evacuation : It will be carried out only when it is necessary to evacuate
a certain area, which will be under the command of the leader

4.2.- Total Evacuation : It will be carried out when the situation is such that it is
required to completely evacuate the facilities.

V.- TYPE OF EMERGENCY

5.1.- FIRE

5.2.- SPILLS AND/OR LEAKS

5.3.- EARTHQUAKES

5.1.- FIRE :

5.1.1. Goals:

 Establish procedures to prevent fires.

 Apply preventive measures.
 Provide protection to people and property.
 Protect property and personnel.
 Normalize activities after the fire or emergency.
 Keep fire extinguishers working.
 Maintain instructions to staff on the use of fire extinguishers.

5.1.2. Instructions In Case Of Fire

 If any fire is detected, staff must immediately activate the alarm system.
 Immediately upon the alarm, the guard on duty will proceed to cut off the
electricity and verify that there are no energized sectors.
 Once the alarm is known, the staff will use the fire extinguishers and proceed to
extinguish the fire with maximum speed and determination.
 The alarm is an alert, it does not mean an evacuation, so employees must
remain at their posts.
 The coordinator must identify the causes of the alarm or fire and once the
situation has been evaluated, they will determine whether or not the evacuation
proceeds.
 If evacuation is decided by the personnel, the evacuation will be in the direction
of the security zones.
 Once the evacuation has been carried out, the coordinator must check that
there are no people left without evacuating to the security zones.
 When a person is trapped by fire and cannot use escape routes, they should
close the door (if applicable) and seal the edges to prevent smoke from
entering.
 Always remember that there are three elements that normally come before fire:
smoke, heat, gases.
 If a person is caught by smoke, they should stay as close to the ground as
possible. Breathing should be short through the nose until you are free of the
smoke.
 If the smoke is very dense, you should cover your nose and mouth with a
handkerchief, and also try to be as close to the ground as possible.
 When trying to escape from fire you should feel the doors before opening them,
if the door is hot or smoke is seeping in, you should not open it. It is advisable
to find another exit.
 If the doors are cold, they should be opened very carefully and closed if the
escape routes are filled with smoke or if there is strong heat pressure against
the door. But if there is no danger, proceed according to the evacuation plan.
 Do not enter places with smoke.
 Keep the feigned area isolated.

5.2.- SPILLS

5.2.1. Goals:

 Establish procedures to prevent spills.

 Prevent spills from causing physical loss of personnel and property for the
company.
 Apply preventive measures.
 Normalize activities after the spill or emergency
5.2.2. Notify Direct Management

Deliver all the information you can to the coordinator so that they can proceed to
control the emergency, this includes equipment, materials and affected areas.
Indicating location, committed products, quantity, their address and current
condition.

5.2.3 Secure the Area.

 Alert your co-workers about the spill or leak so they do not come near it.
 Ventilate the area
 Cordon off with barriers surrounding the contaminated area.
 Surround equipment or materials with absorbent materials.
 Turn off all ignition sources or equipment.
 Have some means of fire extinguishing.

5.2.4 Once the Emergency is Controlled: Control and Contain the Spill

Before beginning to control or contain the spill or leak, personnel must put on the
necessary personal protective equipment, such as: waterproof and chemical-
resistant clothing, protective gloves, safety glasses and respiratory protection.

 Locate the source of the spill or leak and control the problem at this level.
 Contain with barriers with sand.
 Prevent the spill from reaching the sewer.
 Use chemical safety sheets
 Identify potential risks in the course of the spill, such as materials, equipment,
and workers.
 Attempt to stop the spill or leak, only if you can do so safely.
 Solve at the source level and stop the liquid spill with absorbent materials. If
you are going to do it at this stage, use personal protective equipment.
 Avoid direct contact with chemicals.

5.2.5. Clean Contaminated Area

 Wash the contaminated area with water, if there are no contradictions.

 Mark the containers where waste is disposed.
 All chemical waste must be treated as hazardous waste.

5.3.- EARTHQUAKE

5.3.1. Goals:

 Establish procedures for staff.

 Provide physical protection to staff and visitors.
 Normalize activities after the emergency.
5.3.2 Instructions:

 Without haste, staff should move away from windows and panels that have
glass.
 Do not run, shout so as not to cause panic in the rest of the staff.
 Keep calm.
 Do not use matches or candles in case of a gas leak.
 Avoid crowds at the exit.
 Please calmly wait for the instructions that the Evacuation Leaders will give
you.

VI.- INFORMATION ON EQUIPMENT AND STORED SUBSTANCES

The location of the equipment is displayed on the floor plan, which indicates the
evacuation routes and safety areas of the attached plan.

INFORMATION: The safety sheets of the stored product will be kept in the warehouse and
in the administrative office.

VII. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1.- Evacuation

 Given the alarm and before the evacuation is ordered, the machines must be
disconnected.
 During the evacuation, no person should speak or shout, or do anything other
than walk briskly, without running or heading to the pre-established safety zone
or another that the leaders determine at that moment.
 Leaders should give orders in a normal tone of voice and without shouting.
 If the alarm surprises someone in another sector, they must join the group and
follow the instructions.
 People who have evacuated a sector for no reason must return. The
coordinator must prevent it.
 No one who does not have a specific function to fulfill in the emergency should
intervene in it. You just have to limit yourself to following the instructions.
 Authorization to return or return to work will be given by the coordinator.
 Do not worry about taking personal things and follow the pre-established
emergency plan.

7.2.- Order and Prevention

 Do not throw lit cigarettes in the trash, extinguish them well in an ashtray.
 Do not smoke or eat in work areas.
 Access to fire extinguishers must remain free and clear, in order to be able to
use these equipment promptly in the event of an emergency.

7.3.- General Provisions

 There must be a plan for each of the floors, in which the security areas, exits
and routes are duly marked.
 All plant personnel must be aware of the Evacuation and Emergency Plan and
the location of the protection elements (fire extinguishers, hoses, alarm, etc.)
 Visitors who are in the facilities at the time the evacuation is ordered must leave
together with company officials.
 The optimal outcome of an evacuation will depend largely on the cooperation of
staff, maintaining appropriate silence and following their instructions. It is
essential to carry out Plan practices, which can be informed and/or carried out
without prior notice.
 At the end of an emergency or scheduled exercise, the leaders will conduct a
headcount of the personnel and prepare a report, indicating in it the comments
or suggestions in order to correct the abnormalities detected.
7.4.- Communication Links

Emergency Services Phono

Firefighters 119

Ambulance 118

Police 110