Information and Communication Technology: Primary Memory
Information and Communication Technology: Primary Memory
Information and Communication Technology: Primary Memory
Ans: ICT stand for Information and Communications Technology, which emphasizes on imparting
knowledge in the field of education.
The use of computers in the education sector has simplified the learning of students.
By using ICT, teachers of primary and secondary school have made the learning of
students interactive and enjoyable.
Teacher’s example complex topics in a simplified manner by using images, videos and
simulations.
The uses of ICT in education have brought a positive impact on the success of students
from various perspectives, such as knowledge, practical and presentation skills.
Ans: A device that lets you enter data or instructions in a computer is known as input device. For
example, we enter text in a document using a keyboard and also give instruction by using
mouse.
Ans: Memory is the area where we can store information. In computer there are two types of
memory. They are as below:
Primary Memory: Primary memory is also known as main memory or also refers to internal
memory and primary storage. All those types of computer memories that are directly accessed
by the processor using data bus are called primary memories.
ROM: it stands for Read Only Memory. ROM is “Non-Volatile” memory that retains data without
the flow of electricity. ROM is an essential chip with permanently written data or programs.
ROM comes with pre-written data by the computer manufacturer to hold the instructions or
programs (BIOS-Basic Input Output Service) for booting-up the computer.
RAM: It stands for” Random Access Memory” or may also refer to short-term memory. It is
called “random” because we can read and store data randomly at any time and from any
physical location. It is a temporary storage memory so it called “Volatile” memory. Because it
only retain all the data as long as the computer has power. It is the faster type of memory. RAM
stores the currently processed data from the CPU and send them to the graphics unit that is our
Monitor.
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Secondary Memory:
Secondary memory is also known as secondary storage. The secondary memory is accessed
indirectly via input/output operations. This memory is also called permanent, external, stable or
persistent memory.
The CPU does not directly process it. Its contents are firstly copied into RAM and then get
transferred to CPU. The secondary memory stores data that can be easily retrieved only by the
main memory (RAM) and used by the CPU.
Ans:
(i) Floppy Disc: A floppy disc is the oldest type of secondary storage device that is used to
transfer data between computers as well as store data and information. The maximum
storage capacity of a floppy disk is 1.44 MB.
(ii) Hard Disc: The hard disc is also known as the data center of the PC. It is used to store all
our program and data. The hard disc differs from other storage device on three counts
such as: Size, Speed and Performance. The storage capacity of a hard disc range from 10
GB to 120 GB or more. Advantages of using a hard disc are:
Larger storage capacity
Faster storing and retrieving of data
If needed we can upgrade our hard disc
(iii) Compact Disc: it is also known as CD, The CDs are cheaper than other storage devices.
Ans:
DVD stands for Digital Versatile Disc. It is commonly known as Digital Video Disc. It is invented by
four companies named Philips, Sony, Toshiba and Panasonic in the year 1995. DVDs provide
higher storage capacity than CDs.
DVD-R: it is used to record or write any type of data. It available in 4.7 GB and 9.4 GB
capacities. The data is written on the disc only once. DVD-R can be read by DVD-ROM
drives only.
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7. Explain Hardware and software in computer system?
Ans: A computer system is divided into two parts: they are as below:
Hardware: Hardware are all physical parts of a computer that we can touch and feel. For
example, Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard etc.
Software: Software also know as programs or applications, A set of instruction given to the
computer to solve a problem is called software.
Software is a term used for the instructions that operate the computer. Without software
hardware cannot work. Further software divided into two parts: System software and
Application software.
Ans: Software is basically classified into two types: System software and Application software.
System software: A computer program that is design to run computer’s hardware and
application program is called system software.
Example: Operating System (OS). An operating system acts as an interface between the user and
hardware.
Application software: A set of program that are use for a specific purpose or task is called
application software.
Ans:
File: Information on a computer is stored in the form of files. A file contains any type of data
such: picture, text, songs and videos etc. it is similar to a physical file that are use for storing
relevant information.
Folder: A folder is like a container in which we can store similar type of file. Folder helps in
arranging the files into organized groups which makes it easy for the user to locate any particular
file when require.
Website: Website is a collection of the related web pages linked to each other by
hyperlinks. All web pages are open through a web browser. Web browser such as Google
chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer etc.
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Practice Question:
MCQ: