DAILY LESSON LOG

Teacher Laarnie Ritz A. Santiago Grade Level 11

Learning
ICT - CSS Quarter 1
Moncada Area
National HS Week 2 Day 4

Date / Day
Section
I. OBJECTIVES The learners demonstrate and understanding of concepts and underlying principles in performing
A.Content Standards computer operations
B.Performance The learners shall be able to perform computer operations based on a given tasks
Standards
C. Learning LO 2. Input data into computer
Competencies / TLE_IACSS9-12PCO–Id-e-5
Objectives
II. CONTENT Storage Devices
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A.References
1. Teacher’s Guide
2. Learners’ Materials
3. Textbook
B.Other Learning
CG page 10 0f 32, May 2016 Edition
Resources
IV. PROCEDURES The teacher will ask the following questions:
A. Reviewing previous
1. What are the six stages of data processing cycle?
Lesson / Presenting
2. What are the raw materials to be processed by the computer?
the New Lesson
B. Establishing a The teacher will show pictures of storage devices.
purpose for the
lesson

C. Presenting examples/ A storage unit is a part of the computer system which is employed to store the information and
instances of the new instructions to be processed. A storage device is an integral part of the computer hardware which
lesson stores information/data to process the result of any computational work. Without a storage device, a
computer would not be able to run or even boot up. Or in other words, we can say that a storage device
is hardware that is used for storing, porting, or extracting data files. It can also store information/data
both temporarily and permanently
D. Discussing new
concepts and Computer storage is of two types:
practicing new skills
#1 Primary Storage Devices: It is also known as internal memory and main memory. This is a section of
the CPU that holds program instructions, input data, and intermediate results. It is generally smaller in
size. RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory) are examples of primary storage.
Secondary Storage Devices: Secondary storage is a memory that is stored external to the computer. It
is mainly used for the permanent and long-term storage of programs and data. Hard Disk, CD, DVD,
Pen/Flash drive, SSD, etc, are examples of secondary storage.
Storage Devices
Now we will discuss different types of storage devices available in the market. These storage devices
have their own specification and use. Some of the commonly used storage devices are:

1. Primary storage devices

(i) RAM: It stands for Random Access Memory. It is used to store information that is used immediately,
or we can say that it is a temporary memory. Computers bring the software installed on a hard disk to
RAM to process it and to be used by the user. Once, the computer is turned off, the data is deleted. With
the help of RAM, computers can perform multiple tasks like loading applications, browsing the web,
editing a spreadsheet, experiencing the newest game, etc. It allows you to modify quickly among these
tasks, remembering where you’re in one task once you switch to a different task. It is also used to load
and run applications, like your spreadsheet program, answer commands, like all edits you made within
the spreadsheet, or toggle between multiple programs, like once you left the spreadsheet to see the
email. Memory is nearly always being actively employed by your computer. It ranges from 1GB –
32GB/64GB depending upon the specifications. There are different types of RAM, although they all
serve the same purpose, the most common ones are :

SRAM: It stands for Static Random Access Memory. It consists of circuits that retain stored information
as long as the power is supply is on. It is also known as volatile memory. It is used to build Cache
memory. The access time of SRAM is lower and it is much faster as compared to DRAM but in terms of
cost, it is costly as compared to DRAM.
DRAM: It stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. It is used to stores binary bits in the form of
electrical charges that are applied to capacitors. The access time of DRAM is slower as compare to
SRAM but it is cheaper than SRAM and has a high packaging density.
SDRAM: It stands for Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. It is faster than DRAM. It is
widely used in computers and others. After SDRAM was introduced, the upgraded version of double
data rate RAM, i.e., DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 was entered into the market and widely used in
home/office desktops and laptops.
(ii) ROM: It stands for Read-Only Memory. The data written or stored in these devices are non-volatile,
i.e, once the data is stored in the memory cannot be modified or deleted. The memory from which will
only read but cannot write it. This type of memory is non-volatile. The information is stored
permanently during manufacture only once. ROM stores instructions that are used to start a computer.
This operation is referred to as bootstrap. It is also used in other electronic items like washers and
microwaves. ROM chips can only store few megabytes (MB) of data, which ranges between 4 and 8 MB
per ROM chip. There are two types of ROM:

PROM: PROM is Programmable Read-Only Memory. These are ROMs that can be programmed. A
special PROM programmer is employed to enter the program on the PROM. Once the chip has been
programmed, information on the PROM can’t be altered. PROM is non-volatile, that is data is not lost
when power is switched off.
EPROM: Another sort of memory is that the Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. It is possible
to erase the info which has been previously stored on an EPROM and write new data onto the chip.
2. Magnetic Storage Devices

(i) Floppy Disk: It is also known as a floppy diskette. It is generally used on a personal computer to
store data externally. A Floppy disk is made up of a plastic cartridge and secures with a protective case.
Nowadays floppy disk is replaced by new and effective storage devices like USB, etc.

(ii) Hard Disk: It is a storage device (HDD) that stores and retrieves data using magnetic storage. It is a
non-volatile storage device that can be modified or deleted n number of times without any problem.
Most of the computers and laptops have HDDs as their secondary storage device. It is actually a set of
stacked disks, just like phonograph records. In every hard disk, the data is recorded
electromagnetically in the concentric circles or we can say track present on the hard disk, and with the
help of a head just like a phonograph arm(but fixed in a position) to read the information present on
the track. The read-write speed of HDDs is not so fast but decent. It ranges from a few GBs to a few and
more TB.

(iii) Magnetic Card: It is a card in which data is stored by modifying or rearranging the magnetism of
tiny iron-based magnetic particles present on the band of the card. It is also known as a swipe card. It
is used like a passcode (to enter into house or hotel room), credit card, identity card, etc.

(iv) Tape Cassette: It is also known as a music cassette. It is a rectangular flat container in which the
data is stored in an analog magnetic tape. It is generally used to store audio recordings.

(v) SuperDisk: It is also called LS-240 and LS-120. It is introduced by Imation corporation and it is
popular with OEM computers. It can store data up to 240 MB.

3. Flash memory Devices

It is a cheaper and portable storage device. It is the most commonly used device to store data because
is more reliable and efficient as compare to other storage devices. Some of the commonly used flash
memory devices are:

(i) Pen Drive: It is also known as a USB flash drive that includes flash memory with an integrated USB
interface. We can directly connect these devices to our computers and laptops and read/write data
into them in a much faster and efficient way. These devices are very portable. It ranges from 1GB to
256GB generally.

(ii) SSD: It stands for Solid State Drive, a mass storage device like HDDs. It is more durable because it
does not contain optical disks inside like hard disks. It needs less power as compared to hard disks, is
lightweight, and has 10x faster read and write speed as compared to hard disks. But, these are costly as
well. While SSDs serve an equivalent function as hard drives, their internal components are much
different. Unlike hard drives, SSDs don’t have any moving parts and thus they’re called solid-state
drives. Instead of storing data on magnetic platters, SSDs store data using non-volatile storage. Since
 SSDs haven’t any moving parts, they do not need to “spin up”. It ranges from 150GB to a few and more
TB.

(iii) SD Card: It is known as a Secure Digital Card. It is generally used with electronic devices like
phones, digital cameras, etc. to store larger data. It is portable and the size of the SD card is also small
so that it can easily fit into electronic devices. It is available in different sizes like 2GB, 4GB, 8GB, etc.

(iv) Memory Card: It is generally used in digital cameras. printers, game consoles, etc. It is also used to
store large amounts of data and is available in different sizes. To run a memory card on a computer you
require a separate memory card reader.

(v) Multimedia Card: It is also known as MMC. It is an integrated circuit that is generally used in-car
radios, digital cameras, etc. It is an external device to store data/information.

4. Optical Storage Devices

Optical Storage Devices is also a secondary storage device. It is a removable storage device. Following
are some optical storage devices:

(i) CD: It is known as Compact Disc. It contains tracks and sectors on its surface to store data. It is made
up of polycarbonate plastic and is circular in shape. CD can store data up to 700MB. It is of two types:

CD-R: It stands for Compact Disc read-only. In this type of CD, once the data is written can not be
erased. It is read-only.
CD-RW: It stands for Compact Disc read Write. In this type of CD, you can easily write or erase data
multiple times.
(ii) DVD: It is known as Digital Versatile Disc. DVDs are circular flat optical discs used to store data. It
comes in two different sizes one is 4.7GB single-layer discs and another one is 8.5GB double-layer
discs. DVDs look like CDs but the storage capacity of DVDs is more than as compared to CDs. It is of two
types:

DVD-R: It stands for Digital Versatile Disc read-only. In this type of DVD, once the data is written can
not be erased. It is read-only. It is generally used to write movies, etc.
DVD-RW: It stands for Digital Versatile Disc read Write. In this type of DVD, you can easily write or
erase data multiple times.
(iii) Blu-ray Disc: It is just like CD and DVD but the storage capacity of blu ray is up to 25GB. To run a
Blu-ray disc you need a separate Blu-ray reader. This Blu-ray technology is used to read a disc from a
blue-violet laser due to which the information is stored in greater density with a longer wavelength.

5. Cloud and Virtual Storage

Nowadays, secondary memory has been upgraded to virtual or cloud storage devices. We can store our
files and other stuff in the cloud and the data is stored for as long as we pay for the cloud storage.
There are many companies that provide cloud services largely Google, Amazon, Microsoft, etc. We can
pay the rent for the amount of space we need and we get multiple benefits out of it. Though it is
actually being stored in a physical device located in the data centers of the service provider, the user
doesn’t interact with the physical device and its maintenance. For example, Amazon Web Services
offers AWS S3 as a type of storage where users can store data virtually instead of being stored in
physical hard drive devices. These sorts of innovations represent the frontier of where storage media
goes.

E. Discussing new
concepts and
practicing new skills
#2
F. Developing mastery The teacher will ask the following questions

1. What is a storage device?

2. Why do we need to invest on a storage device?
3. Does the storage device have an impact on the performance of the computer?
G. Finding practical
applications of
concepts and skills in
daily living
H. Making The teacher will ask the following questions
generalizations and
abstractions about 1. What is a primary storage?
the lesson 2. What type of storage device holds a temporary file?
3. Are our files safe in cloud storage?
I. Evaluating learning The teacher will show a picture and ask the students to reflect on it
 J. Additional activities
for application of
remediation
V. REMARKS

VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who
earned 80% in the
evaluation
B. No. of learners who
require additional
activities for
remediation who
scored below 80%
C. No. of learners who
require additional
activities for
remediation who
scored below 80%
D. No. of learners who
continue to require
remediation
E. Which of my teaching
strategies worked
well? Why did these
work?
F. What difficulties did I
encounter which my
principal or
supervisor can help
me solve?
G. What innovation or
localized materials
did I used/discover
which I wish to share
with other teachers?

Checked:
Noted:
JEFFREY A. ROSETE
Master Teacher II RONALD V. CADIENTE
SHS Head Teacher VI

MARIA GRACIA B. LEDESMA

Principal I