ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G.

BERNARDINO MEMORIAL
TRADE SCHOOL

The effect of prolonged usage of the computer in the eyes of 12 CSS

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the

Senior High School Department of Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade
School

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

Daryl Bostrello
Ralph Lovedorial
Paul Sampag
Hellorice Adolfo
Janella Peralta
Christian De Juan
Arjay Gonzales
Michael Angelo Paglinawan
Joshua Galapon
February 2020
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
Computers have created a very effective information system to help streamline the
management of an organization. The trend in public relations regarding the effects of prolonged
computer use on the eyes of grade 12 CSS Students involves raising awareness through
educational campaigns providing tips for reducing eye strain promoting ergonomic workstation
and collaborating with optometrists for specialized advice. According to Fancis A. (2019),
Computers are now a fact life. This makes it a much-needed tool for every business including
banking government, entertainment, daily life, industry, education and administration. It can be
said that all large organizations, whether government or private, use computers for a variety of
their daily business, and it is one of the fastest-growing industries; in the world today.

The problem of using computers for too long is usually experienced by Grade 12
CSS students. This problem is also experienced when people, not only adult workers but also
students who use computers during the day at school or work, have issues or have at least some
symptoms. According to Seltman (2021), The problem of using a phone or computer is usually
experienced after 6-10 hours. This problem also causes blurred vision, double vision, dry eyes,
eye irritation, headaches, and neck or back pain.

The main objective of this study is to know the effect of the prolonged exposure
from the screen to the eyes on Grade 12 Computer System Servicing students. It will also be a
basis of how are we going to make a warming or something informative for the Grade 12
students and try to evaluate how many of a grade 12 students who took much time on using
computer.

This will help the future researchers for their studies and saving the kids or young
adults from damaging their eyesight.

Statement of the Problem

The main objective of our study is to determine the effect of prolonged exposure
to the computer screen on the eyes of Grade 12 Computer Servicing System students.
Specifically, it will also answer the following questions:
1. How can the demographic profile of the respondents be described in terms of:
1.1. Age
1.2. Gender
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2. How can computer usage be characterized in terms of:

2.1. Frequency of breaks
2.2. Duration of usage on the computer
2.3. Screen brightness
2.4. Viewing distance
3. How can computer usage affect the eye and be characterized in terms of:
3.1. Physical health effect; Eyesight
4. How does the duration of computer screen exposure impact the visual health of grade 11
Computer System Servicing students?
5. What are the correlations between the frequency and duration of breaks during computer use
and the students’ visual health?

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will be beneficial to the following:

To the Administrator, the result will help them to initialized programs about their
awareness of the effects of being exposed to computer screens for too long.

To the Teachers, they can be helped by advising their advisory or teaching them the
effects of prolonged exposure to computer screens.

To the Students, the result will aid them in protecting their eyes at an early age by
making them aware of the effects of prolonged usage of computer.

To the Parents, the result of this study will help them guide their children to know the
effects of using computers for too long.

To the Future Researchers, they can use it as related literature in the near future and
acknowledge the problem of prolonged computer usage.

Scope and Delimitation

The objective of this study is to make the grade 12 computer system servicing students have
knowledge and understanding of using computer for too long. The study will be conducted
from (September 2023) to (June 2024) at Assembly Woman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial
Trade School, LIAS, MARILAO, BULACAN
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The participants of the study will take part in it. either voluntarily or as representative, and have
given their informed Consent.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter presents the related literature and studies gathered from different resource
materials that are relevant to the study.

History of Computer Screen

A study conducted by Hai-Wei Chen, et al. (2017), to present the current of LCD and OLED
display found out that LCD and OLED has quite a competitive relationship and then have their
own pros and cons.
In a study by Machinon, et al. (2021), on overview of longitude studies examining the
relationship between screentime and mental health, they stated that the relationship of
screentime and depressive was stronger than depressive and screentime have no significant
variable
According to a study by Guanghua Xu, et al. (2022), where they investigated about in terms of
eye health, the light environment, the screen brightness of the computer, and the color contrast
of the electronic device are in very important positions, they suggested that the results show
that the paradigm color and screen brightness have a significant relationship with the visual
fatigue and preferences in the low environment lighting scene which simulates the night
environment.
Another study reported by Goodman, W. (2023), which focused on monitors for eye strain
relief. You can help mitigate damage done by long bouts of staring at an illuminated display by
investing in a screen that helps actively reduce the strain your eyes have to endure, they
highlighted that BenQ EW2780Q: Identified as the "Best Overall" for its extensive eye health
features, including blue light reduction, flicker-free display, adaptive brightness, and an
infrared sensor suggesting breaks.

Technological Advancement and Eye Health

A study conducted by Skoblina, et al. (2020), to review eye health risks associated with
the use of electronic devices and awareness of youth to 627 respondents found out that
university teachers should consider the fact that students consider their teachers opinion for
formation of health saving.
In a study by Ji-peng Oliviac, et al. (2020), on this article reviews how countries across the
world have utilized these digital innovations to tackle diabetic retinopathy prematurity age-
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related muscular degeneration, they stated that myniad innovations have created a milieu nipe
for telemedicine in ophthalmology to thrive and COVID-19 has hastened the development and
embracement of these digital technologies. The growing AI and telecommunications
technologies can potentially transform the delivery of the data-rich and image-dependent
specialty of ophthalmology.
According to a study by Boyd, K. (2022), where she investigated lubricating eye drops, also
called artificial tears, provide moisture and relief for dry eyes due to temporary causes, like
being tired or being in a dry climate, she suggested that lubricating eye drops are generally safe
to use as often as you need them if they do not have preservatives. Eye drops with preservatives
have chemicals that are designed to keep bacteria from growing in the bottles once they are
opened.
Another study reported by Sheppard, A and Wolfsohn, J. (2018), which focused on computer
vision syndrome (CVS) is characterised by a range of eye and vision-related symptoms and has
been a recognised health problem for over 20 years, they highlighted that usage of digital
devices for work and social purposes, often for many hours each day, is now normal among
individuals of all ages. While there are challenges in determining the prevalence of DES, levels
of 50% or more have been reported in numerous published studies, indicating that a large
proportion of the population are at risk, and may seek advice and/or treatment linked to the
condition.

The effectiveness of Anti-Radiation Glasses

A study conducted by Lawreson, J., et al. (2017), to evaluate the effectiveness of blue blocking
spectacle lenses for improving visual performance and reducing visual fatigue to 136
randomize participants found out that the researchers observe a deficiency in high-quality
evidence supporting the use of BB spectacle lenses for the general population to enhance visual
performance or sleep quality, alleviate the eye fatigue or preserve macular health.
In a study by Vimont, C. (2021), eyeglasses that claim to filter out blue light from computers,
smartphones and tablets are becoming increasingly popular. Ads for these glasses claim
overexposure to blue light can cause several problems, including digital eye strain, sleep cycle
disruption, or even blinding eye diseases she stated that several studies suggest that blue light-
blocking glasses do not improve symptoms of digital eye strain. The American Academy of
Ophthalmology does not recommend blue light-blocking glasses because of the lack of
scientific evidence that blue light is damaging to the eyes.
According to a study by Executive Optical (2023), were they investigated about a lot of
questions for some eyeglass wearers and frequent gadget users, such as, what are the actual
purposes of anti-radiation glasses, is it worth upgrading to these lenses, and does it provide a
significant solution, they suggested that Blue light emitted from digital screens, like computers,
phones, and tablets, is part of the visible light spectrum and may cause permanent eye damage.
It may disrupt sleep patterns and cause eye strain, headaches, or discomfort, especially during
 ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL
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extended exposure. This is why anti-radiation glasses are considered helpful in combating this
type of light. They work by reducing the amount of blue light entering the eyes, potentially
preventing long-term eye damage.
Another study reported by Caporuscio, J. (2023), which focused on computers, televisions,
phones, and tablets all emitting blue light. The blue light they emit may not be enough to cause
eye or vision damage, even with long-term exposure, she highlighted that there is no credible
scientific evidence to show that blue light damages the eyes or can cause other health issues.
There is also no evidence that blue light glasses help reduce symptoms associated with
increased exposure to screens. Instead, eye doctors suggest that the way people use their
screens may cause CVS symptoms such as eye fatigue, headaches, and poor sleep \\

Importance of Time Managing using of Computer

A study conducted by AT Ibrahim (2022), to review the effects of delay and time management
in building construction to 130 respondents found out that those identified weaknesses of cause
of delay are gaps in the project plan which affect time management.

In a study by Olga, K. (2022), on the study to provide with productive time management, they
stated that it is noted that the Kanban system (Japan), the Tomato technique (Italy), the Pareto
principle (Italy), the ABC analysis (USA), the use of Microsoft Exchange and Server Outlook
are effective in managing the organizational support of work processes. Characterized and
recognized by foreign practitioners, time management techniques and systematized methods of
time management will be reflected in the manager's management habits. The specified time
management methods allow time to work efficiently and effectively, but time needs to include
new and improved electronic tools and computer programs aimed at saving time.

According to our study by Atakan, T., et al. (2018) where they investigated dry eye disease is a
multi-factorial condition. In addition, the number of individuals using computers and display
devices with a screen is increasing every day, they suggested that ss a result, it was found that a
long-term computer use did not change the Schirmer test results significantly, but there were
statistically significant changes in the tear break-up time (TBUT) results of the evaporative type
of eye dryness. According to our study results, long-term computer usage may cause an
evaporative-type dry eye disease.

Another study reported by Heid, M. (2019), which focused on how much' is the wrong way to
assess screen time, highlighted that spending lots of time on social media may be especially
risky. A 2018 study from the University of Pennsylvania found students who trimmed their use
of social media to 30 minutes a day experienced significant improvements in wellbeing.

Age - appropriate Screen Time Guidelines

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A study conducted by Rahmat, N., et al. (2017), to determine the effect of long use of gadgets
against eye fatigue to 298 students who have gadgets from SMA Zainul Hasan Gengong
Pagarakan Probolinggo found out that it could be concluded that eye fatigue affected by the
long duration by eye usage. It is expected to use the gadget more wisely to avoid eye fatigue,
especially if using the gadget for a long time, when you using gadget set the distance breaks
your eyes to not get tired quickly. It is recommended to create rules for using gadgets within the
school environment, to provide negative impact information on using gadgets.

In a study by Tomopoulos et al. (2022), where they investigated a review and analysis of
meeting screen time guidelines among children, they stated the need to provide support and
resources to families to best evidence.

According to a study by American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (2020), where
they investigated about children and adolescents spend a lot of time watching screens, including
smartphones, tablets, gaming consoles, TVs, and computers, they suggested that on average,
children ages 8-12 in the United States spend 4-6 hours a day watching or using screens, and
teens spend up to 9 hours. While screens can entertain, teach, and keep children occupied, too
much use may lead to problems.

Another study reported by Mayo Clinic Stuff (2022), which focused on setting limits for older
children, highlighted that establish clear rules and set reasonable limits for your child's use of
digital media. Consider these tips: discourage use of media entertainment during homework,
create tech-free zones or times, such as during mealtime or one night a week, and keep screens
out of your child's bedroom and consider requiring your children to charge their devices outside
of their bedrooms at night.

Conceptual Framework

Extended Computer Eye health of Grade

Screen Exposure 12 CSS Students

Fig 1. Research Paradigm

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The study is about the effect of the duration of computer use to the eye health of Grade
12 CSS students. The expected cause “computer screen exposure” is the independent variable.
The expected effect “eye health of Grade 12 CSS students” is the dependent variable. In other
words, the researchers suspect that eye health of Grade 12 CSS students depends on extended
computer screen exposure. Thus, the researchers expect that the longer the duration of screen
time, the higher the chance of having health-related problems in the eyes of Grade 12 CSS
students.
Research Hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant difference on the levels of product viability when the
selected respondents are grouped according to their demographic profile.
H1: There is a significant difference on the levels of product viability when the selected
respondents are grouped according to their demographic profile.

Definition of Terms
Computer - an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary
from, according data, typically in binary form, according to instructions giver to it in a variable
program.

Dry eyes - When your eyes don’t make enough tears to stay wet, or when your tears
don’t work correctly.

Eye irritation – sensations that bother the eyes, like dryness, itchiness, burning and
grittiness
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Screen brightness - the perceived intensity of light coming from a screen, such as a
computer monitor, smartphone or television.

Viewing distance - The distance between an observer and the object being viewed.
With unaided eyes, it varies from infinity to the closest viewing distance, usually at least
250mm

Prolonged - refers to something that lasts for an extended period, continuing for a
longer duration than usual or expected. It indicates the persistence or continuation of an action,
state, or condition.

Eyesight - refers to the ability of the eyes to see and perceive visual information. It
involves the complex process of light entering the eye.

Eye fatigue - This is a condition characterized by discomfort or irritation in the eyes

due to prolonged use or intense focus, especially when using digital screens for extended
periods.

Blue light exposure - refers to the presence of high-energy such as smartphones,

computers, tablets, and LED screens

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter contains all the essential information about the study. This provides all the
details about the flow of the research. The locale and informants involved in the study are
indicated and where the collection of data did take place. It also provides the background about
the research instrument like the method in data collection and the questions asked to the
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informants. The data analysis method is included in this part where all the given information
from the informants are evaluated and examined by the researchers. The rules and limitations
about the gathering of data from the informants are also indicated.
Research design
The study entitled " EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTRABAGANT MULTI-PURPOSE BAG
AMONG SELECTED SM MARILAO SHOPPERS IN IBAYO, MARILAO, BULACAN: A
FEASIBILITY STUDY " aims to identify the level of effectiveness and the usual experience of
the customer when they purchase multi-purpose bag. To be able to reach the objectives of the
study, the research will be using quantitative approach. It uses survey feedback to understand
how your customer base and target market feel about multi-purpose bag. This study will
specifically use comparative study, in simple terms, comparative study is the act of comparing
two or more things with a view of discovering something about one or all of the things being
compared.
Research Locale
The study will be conducted in selected shoppers in SM Marilao in McArthur Highway,
Ibayo, Marilao, Bulacan. This study mainly focuses in 50 participants to answer the questions
of the study that applicable for determining the effectiveness of multipurpose bag. The
respondents will be interview in any comfortable place that they will choose to. This study was
conducted in the 2nd semester of the Academic Year 2019-2020.
Research Participants
The study utilized 50 respondents that consist of shoppers in SM Marilao in McArthur
Highway, Ibayo, Marilao, Bulacan. The shoppers are the primary customer to our product. The
respondents were identified by asking them about their taste and preferences in choosing or
buying a bag.
Sampling Technique
The sampling that was utilized by the researchers called Purposive Sampling. It is also
known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling. Purposive Sampling is a form of non-
probability sampling in which researchers rely on their own judgment when choosing members
of the population to participate in their study.
This sampling method requires researchers to have prior knowledge about the purpose
of their studies so that they can properly choose and approach eligible participants. Researchers
use purposive sampling when they want to access a particular subset of people, as all
participants of a study are selected because they fit a particular profile.
The method for performing purposive sampling is fairly straightforward. All a
researcher must do is reject the individuals who do not fit a particular profile when creating the
sample. However, researchers can use various techniques during purposive sampling,
depending on the goal of their studies.
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The main goal of purposive sampling is to enables researchers to squeeze a lot of

information out of the data that they have collected. This allows researchers to describe the
major impact their findings have on the population. Purposive sampling is a popular method
used by researchers due to the fact that it is extremely time and cost effective when compared
to other sampling methods. Further, the numerous technique options outlined above make
purposive sampling a versatile research method that can be tailored to enhance a study’s
effectiveness. Sometimes purposive sampling may be the only appropriate method available if
there are a limited number of primary data sources that can contribute to the study.
Research Instrument
The research instrument will be used in our study is survey. According to Check &
Schutt (2012), this type of research allows for a variety of methods to recruit participants
collect data, and utilize various methods of instrumentation. This kind of survey research will
be used in quantitative research strategies using a questionnaire with numerically rated items.
The survey questionnaires were designed to seek information in order to assess the level of
effectiveness of the multi-purpose bag.
Data Gathering Procedure
The intention of study was explained to the participant to provide information survey
purpose. In explaining the flow of study, all ethical considerations were observed. The
researcher secured the participants that all of their information will be treated accordingly and
will remain confidential. After the respondents were assured of the above mentioned, the
researcher started the proper survey. The participants were given a time to answer the
questionnaire properly and honestly.
Data Analysis
The statistical significance derived from this result will depict predictability of one variable to
the other or vice versa. By analyzing this outcome would unleash possible influences of the
independent variables to the dependent variables. Thus, we can conclude what should be the
proper course of action.
Statistical Treatment
The researchers used statistical tool to a set of data that will be facilitated by an
appropriate analysis and interpretation frequency - percentage distribution and weighted
average mean were used by the researchers to analyze and interpret the data in determining the
significant relationship between the level of effectiveness of the multi-purpose bag and
customer satisfaction.

A. Frequency-Percentage Distribution
To compute for the distribution of the demographic profile of the respondents, the frequency
count and percentage will be used. The formula is:
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P
Where:
P- is the simple percentage
f- is the frequency
n- is the total number of the respondents

B. Weighted Arithmetic Mean

WAM is to be used in order to analyze the answer given by the respondents on the level of
awareness and agreement. The formula is:
WAM =
∑ fw
n

Where:
WAM – is weighted arithmetic mean
∑fw – is sum of the products of the frequency and weight
N – is the total number of responses per item
 Level of Effectiveness

Weight/Scale Mean Range Verbal

Interpretation

5 4.51-5.00 Strongly Agree

4 3.51-4.50 Agree

3 2.51-3.50 Neutral

2 1.51-2.50 Disagree

1 1.00-1.50 Strongly Disagree

 Level of Product’s Viability

Weight/Scale Mean Range Verbal

Interpretation

5 4.51-5.00 Strongly Agree

4 3.51-4.50 Agree
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3 2.51-3.50 Neutral

2 1.51-2.50 Disagree

1 1.00-1.50 Strongly Disagree

Chi- Square Test of Independence

A chi-squared test for independence tests determined if there is significant relationship
between two or more groups of categorical data of the same population.

For calculation of p-value, use the formula:

Where: X2 =
Ei- Expected Score
Oi- Observed Score
Ʃ- Summation
X2- Chi- Square Obtained
A chi- square test will give you a p- value. The p-value will tell you if your test results
are significant or not. In order to perform a chi- square test and get the p- value, you need two
pieces of information;
1. Degrees of freedom. That’s just the number of categories minus 1.
2. The alpha level (α). This is chosen by you, or the researchers. The usual alpha level is
0.05 (5%), but you could also have other levels like 0.01 or 0.10.

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
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This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data gathered to make this chapter more
scientific, the researchers followed the sequence of the questionnaire used in the study. The data were
gathered from the respondents of selected shoppers of SM Marilao in McArthur Highway Ibayo,
Marilao, Bulacan.
Part I – Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Part II – Level of the Product’s Effectiveness
Part III – Level of the Product’s Viability
Part IV- Significant difference between the Level of Effectiveness and Level of
Product’s Viability

Part I – Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Table 1. Frequency- Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Age

Age Frequency Percentage

5-25 22 44%

26-40 13 26%

41-55 14 28%

56-74 1 2%
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Figure 1. Frequency- Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Age

2%
28%
44%

26%

The figure shows the distribution of the respondents, when they are classified according
to their age. The graph revealed that 44% of the respondents are in the range of 5-25 years old,
followed by 28% from the range of 41-55 years old, while the respondents from the range 26-
40 years old and 56-74 years old got 28% and 2%. The graph shows that most of the
respondents are in the range of 5-25 years old.
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Table 2. Frequency- Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage
Female 38 76%
HS 15 30%
Male 12 24%
College 35 70%

Figure2. Frequency- Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Gender

24%

76%

The figure shows the distribution of the respondents when they are classified according
to their gender. The graph revealed that 76% of the respondents are female, while 24% are
male. The graph shows that most of the respondents are female.
Table 3 Frequency- Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to
Educational Attainment
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Figure3 Frequency- Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to

Educational Attainment

30%

70%
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The figure shows the distribution of respondents when they are classified according to
their Educational Attainment. The graph revealed that 70% of the respondents where on
College Level and the 30% are on High SchoolLevel. The graph shows that most of the
respondents are on College Level.

Part II– Level of the Product’s Effectiveness

Table 4. Level of Effectiveness of the Multi-Purpose Bag

LEGEND:
SA- Strongly Agree D- Disagree
A- Agree SD- Strongly Disagree
N- Neutral

I.CO S A N D S W V
MF A D A D
ORT M
1.It 2 1 4 1 4 A
is 6 9 .
light 4
weig
ht
and
easy
to
bring
.
2. I 2 2 3 4 A
feel 1 6 .
comf 3
ortab 6
le
when
I
hold/
carry
the
bag.
3. It 3 1 1 1 4 S
has 6 2 . A
multi 6
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ple 4
com
part
ment
s for
bette
r
distri
butio
n and
acces
sibili
ty of
the
items
.
4. Its 3 1 2 4 S
locka 4 4 . A
ble 6
zippe 4
rs
add a
level
of
secur
ity
by
allo
wing
you
to
use a
com
binat
ion
lock.
5. It 3 1 3 4 S
gives 4 3 . A
peac 6
e of 2
mind
kno
wing
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that
it can
prote
ct
gear
from
beco
ming
wet.
TOT 4 S
AL . A
WA 5
M 3
II.
MU
LTI-
PUR
POS
E
1. Its 3 1 1 1 4 S
desig 3 5 . A
n is 6
gend
er-
neutr
al.
2. Its 2 1 2 4 S
uniq 9 9 . A
ue 5
com 4
binat
ion
of
strap
s and
zippe
rs
allo
wed
it to
morp
h
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into
a
lapto
p
bag,
rucks
ack
and
sling
bag.
3. It 2 2 3 4 A
helps 6 1 .
strea 4
mlin 6
e
valua
ble
thing
s by
offer
ing a
singl
e bag
that
serve
s a
num
ber
of
diffe
rent
purp
oses.
4. It 1 2 5 4 A
can 8 7 .
adapt 2
to fit 6
the
dema
nds
of
ever
yday
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life
with
its
inno
vativ
e
desig
n.
5. It 2 2 2 4 A
come 7 1 .
s in 5
black
with
mini
mal
desig
n
that
make
it
easy
to
blen
d in
with
form
al
and
relax
ed
outfit
.
TOT 4 A
AL .
WA 4
M 7
III.
VIA
BILI
TY
1. I 3 1 4 1 4 S
will 2 3 . A
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defin 5
itely 2
buy
the
prod
uct
for
its
reaso
nable
price
(₱65
0-
850).
2. I 2 2 2 1 4 A
like 3 4 .
the 3
featu 8
res
of
the
prod
uct
com
pare
d to
its
com
petit
ors.
3. I 2 1 3 1 1 4 A
will 8 7 .
reco 4
mme
nd
this
prod
uct
to
other
s.
4. I 2 1 3 4 A
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am 8 9 .
satisf 5
ied
with
the
prod
uct’s
over
all
quali
ty.
5. I 2 1 5 1 4 A
will 9 5 .
buy 4
this 4
prod
uct
in
the
futur
e.
TOT 4 A
AL .
WA 4
M 5

Part III- Chi-Square Test of Independence on the Level of Viability to the Demographic
Profile of the Respondents

H0: There is no significant difference on the levels of product viability when the selected
respondents are grouped according to their demographic profile.

α = 0.05

n= 50

Table 5. Result of Chi-Square Test of Independence

ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL
TRADE SCHOOL

Computed Decision at
Variables Impression
P-Value α= 0.05
“Do not No
Age 0.88
reject Ho” Association

“Do not No
Gender 0.72
reject Ho” Association
Educationa
“Do not No
l 0.75
Attainment reject Ho” Association
 ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL
TRADE SCHOOL

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUTION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation
derived from the data about the study entitled “Effectiveness of a Multi-Purpose Bag among
Selected Sm Marilao Consumers in Ibayo, Marilao, Bulacan: A Feasibility Study”.

SUMMARY
The study entitled “Effectiveness of extraBAGant Multi-Purpose Bag among
selected SM Marilao Consumers in Ibayo, Marilao, Bulacan: A Feasibility Study” was designed
to determine the Demographic Profile of the Respondents. Second is to determine if the level of
the product (Multi-Purpose Bag) is effective in terms of comfortability, multipurpose and
viability. Third is to determine if the level of viability of the product depends on the age, gender
and education of the respondents. This study used quantitative approach and specifically used
comparative study. The study was conducted in Ibayo, Marilao, Bulacan in selected SM
Marilao shoppers. The study utilized 50 respondents. Purposive Sampling was used to facilitate
the study. The researchers used Frequency-Percentage Distribution, Weighted Arithmetic Mean
and Chi- Square Test of Independence to analyze and interpret the data then, were presented in
graphs and tables.

FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

After analyzing the data gathered from the respondents, the researchers had the
following findings:
1. Out of 50 respondents, 38 are Female and 12 are Male. In terms of educational attainment, 15
respondents have been to High School and 35 respondents have been to College. In terms of
age, 1 respondent belongs to Baby Boomers (56-74 years old), 14 belong to Generation X (21-
55 years old), 13 were Millennials (26-40 years old) and 22 belong to Generation Z (5-25 years
old).
2. On the average, the respondents answered STRONGLY AGREE on the level of effectiveness
of the product in terms of comfort with WAM of 4.62. In multi-purpose, the respondents
 ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL
TRADE SCHOOL

answered AGREE on average with WAM of 4.52. And for the product’s viability, the
respondents answered AGREE with WAM of 4.45.
3. As to the association of the product’s viability and age, the result showed that there is no
association with the decision “Do not reject Ho” at a = 0.05. On the association of the product’s
viability and gemder, the result also showed that there is no association with the decision “Do
not reject Ho” at a = 0.05. Lastly, the result also showed that there is no association between the
product’s viability and the educational attainment of the respondents with the decision “Do not
reject Ho” at a = 0.05.
4. There is no significant difference on the levels of product viability when the selected
respondents are grouped according to their demographic profile- AGE, GENDER AND
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT.

RECOMMENDATIONS
1. In terms of the product’s features, Entrepreneurs should know the emerging issues and trends
that they can use to make their product unique.
2. Offer a reasonably priced high-quality product that can make it viable to the consumers.
3. Make the secret pocket not be easily seen for better security.
4. Add a compartment for hard copy documents and files.
5. Reduce the number of locks/ buckles to easily detach the bag.
6. Most of the female respondents recommended that the color and the design of the product must
be improve.
7. The extraBAGant was proposed not only for the shoppers but to all people who would want to
have convenient bag and less hassle with a good quality and affordable price.
8. High evaluation was given by both male and female shoppers of extraBAGant. It is then
recommended that extraBAGant can be used for school, works, travel, etc.

References: