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Q.1) With reference to Chile, consider the following Choose the correct sentence(s) from the code given
statements: below:
1. Chile faced a military coup in the 1970s with the a) 1 and 2 only
support of Spanish government. b) All of the above
2. Political freedom from military dictatorship was c) 1,2 and 3 only
restored after a referendum. d) 3 and 4 only
3. Chile’s head of the government is the Prime Minister.
Q.5) Consider the following statements regarding the
Select the incorrect answer using the code given below: country of Ghana in Africa:
a) 2 only 1. It was a French colony.
b) 2 and 3 only 2. It could not sustain democracy for long and was
c) 1 and 3 only overthrown by the military.
d) All of the above
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Q.2) With reference to the policies of President Salvador a) 1 only
Allende of Chile, consider the following statements: b) 2 only
1. He was opposed to foreign companies taking away c) Both 1 and 2
natural resources from the country. d) None of the above
2. The landlords opposed his policies.
Q.6) The United Nations is a global association of nations
Which of the above given statements is/are correct? of the world to help cooperation in international law,
a) 1 only security, economic development and social equity.With
b) 2 only reference to the above sentence, consider the following
c) Both 1 and 2 statements:
d) None 1. The UN Security Council can put together an
international army and take action against the
Q.3) Consider the following statements about Poland's wrongdoer.
form of government in 1980s: 2. The UN General Assembly cannot take any decision
1. Poland was ruled by the communist party that ruled about what action should be taken in a conflict
in several west European countries. between different countries.
2. Independent trade unions were allowed to be formed.
3. Censorship of the press existed back then. Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
Which of the above given statements is/are correct? b) 2 only
a) 3 only c) Both 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3 only d) None of the above
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1 only Q.7) Which of the following sentences is incorrect about
the International Monetary Fund?
Q.4) Twentieth century was full of the kind of stories of 1. The member states have equal voting rights.
transition from one form of government to the other. With 2. The Global Financial Stability Report is released by
reference to the above sentence, consider the following it.
statements:
1. Democracy has expanded throughout the twentieth a) 1 only
century. b) 2 only
2. The French Revolution of 1789 established a secure c) Both 1 and 2
and stable democracy in France. d) None of the above
3. In Britain, the progress towards democracy started
much before the French Revolution. Q.8) Which of the following republic(s) was/were not a
4. Universal adult franchise to the Indians was granted part of the Soviet Union?
in 1950. 1. Belarus
2. Georgia
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3. Armenia 1. Democracy is based on a fundamental principle of

4. Estonia social equality.
2. Women in Saudi Arabia have been given the right to
Choose from the codes given below: vote.
a) 1, 2 only
b) 1 only Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
c) 3, 4 only a) 1 only
d) None of the above b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
Q.9) Consider the following statements regarding Iraq’s d) None of the above
invasion:
1) The US alleged that Iraq possessed secret nuclear Q.13) Consider the following statements:
weapons and other ‘weapons of mass destruction’. 1. In China, the army has also been given the power to
2) The war against Iraq was authorised by the UN choose the members of Parliament.
Security Council. 2. A true democracy provides for those in power with a
fair chance of losing.
Which of the above given statements is/are incorrect? 3. Mexico has once been under a military rule.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only Which of the above given statements is/are incorrect?
c) Both 1 and 2 a) 1 and 2 only
d) None of the above b) 1 and 3 only
c) 3 only
Q.10) Which of the following statement(s) is/are true d) None of the above
about today’s world?
1. International Organizations, like the UN, are Q.14) Democracy is a form of government in which the
becoming less democratic. rulers are elected by the people. With reference to
2. In recent times, the United States of America, has democracy, consider the following statements:
taken on the task of democracy promotion in the rest 1. All major decisions are taken by the elected rulers.
of the world. 2. The choice and opportunity to change the ruler is
available to all the people on an equal basis.
a) 1 only 3. A democratic government rules within limits set by
b) 2 only constitutional law and citizens’ rights.
c) Both 1 and 2 4. Each vote in a democracy must have one value.
d) None of the above
Choose the correct statement(s) from the code given
Q.11) Consider the following statements on the ‘Legal below:
Framework Order’ of 2002 issued by its President in a) 1, 3 only
Pakistan: b) 2, 4 only
1. It amended the Constitution of Pakistan. c) All of the above
2. The Prime Minister was given the power to dismiss d) 1, 4 only
the national assembly.
3. The work of the civilian government was supervised Q.15) Consider the following statements regarding the
by the National Security Council. rule of law and respect for rights in Zimbabwe post its
independence:
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1. Their Constitution has been amended several times to
a) 2 only reduce the accountability of the President.
b) 2 and 3 only 2. However, their law doesn’t limit the right to criticize
c) 1 and 3 only the President.
d) All of the above Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1 only
Q.12) Consider the following statements with respect to b) 2 only
democracy: c) Both 1 and 2

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d) None of the above a) 1 only

b) 2 only
Q.16) Democractic form of government may not be the c) Both 1 and 2
ideal form of government. Which of the above given d) None of the above
statements is/are the correct arguments to support the
above sentence ? Q.20) Consider the following statements about features of
1. Consulting so many people in a democracy leads to democracy in India:
delays in policy implementation. 1. It provides for collective responsibility of the
2. As the elected leaders do not know the best interest of representatives.
the people, it might lead to bad decisions. 2. Indian democracy depends on the popular
sovereignty of the government.
a) 1 only
c) Both 1 and 2 a) 1 only
c) Both 1 and 2
Q.17) Which of the following sentence(s) is/are d) None of the above
incorrect?
1. Due to the involvement of a large number of people, Q.21) Apartheid was the name of a system of racial
the quality of decisions in a democracy improves. discrimination unique to South Africa. With reference to
2. A democratic setup guarantees no mistakes, due to the the above sentence, consider the following statements:
involvement of many people. 1. The non-whites had limited voting rights.
2. The non-whites could work in white areas only if they
a) 1 only had a permit.
b) 2 only 3. The non-whites could not form associations.
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the above Select the incorrect answer using the code given below:
a) 2 only
Q.18) The most common form that democracy takes in b) 2 and 3 only
our times is that of a representative democracy. With c) 1 only
reference to the above sentence, consider the following d) 3 only
statements:
1. It is also called as Indirect democracy. Q.22) Consider the following statements with respect to
2. In a representative democracy, a minority is allowed the Constitution of South Africa:
to take decisions on behalf of all the people. 1. It provides for a preamble.
3. India is an example of representative democracy. 2. The oppressor and the oppressed were given equality
in the Constitution.
Choose the correct statements from the codes given
below: Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only b) 2 only
c) 3 only c) Both 1 and 2
d) 1 and 3 only d) None of the above
Q.19) Consider the following statements regarding the Q.23) The constitution of a country is a set of written rules
features of democracy: that are accepted by all people living together in a country.
1. Popular approval of the rulers is necessary in a Consider the following statements about a Constitution:
democracy, but it is not sufficient. 1. It is the supreme law that determines the relationship
2. If one wishes to assess a democracy, it is important to among people living in a territory.
look at the elections. 2. The Constitution decides who will have power to take
which decisions.
Which of the above given statements is/are incorrect?

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3. All countries that are democratic don’t necessarily Q.27) Values that inspired and guided the freedom
have constitutions. struggle and were in turn nurtured by it, formed the
foundation for India’s democracy. Considering the above
Which of the above given statements is/are correct? sentence, which of the following statements are incorrect?
a) 1,2 and 3 1. These values are embedded in the philosophy of the
b) 2 and 3 only Indian Constitution.
c) 1 and 3 only 2. The Constitution begins with a short statement of its
d) 1 and 2 only basic values.
Q.24) Which of the following statements written about a) 1 only

the leaders, is correct? b) 2 only
1. Abul Kalam Azad opposed the muslim separatist c) Both 1 and 2
politics. d) None of the above
2. T.T.Krishnamachari Krishnamachari was the founder
president of Adivasi Maha Sabha. Q.28) Arrange the following in the order of their
3. H.C.Mookherjee was the Vice-Chairman of the appearance in the Preamble to the Indian Constitution:
Constituent Assembly. 1. Faith and worship
4. G. Durgabhai Deshmukh was an advocate and public 2. Dignity of the individual
activist for women’s emancipation. 3. Justice
4. Equality
Choose from the code given below:
a) 1, 3 only Choose from the codes given below:
b) 2,3,4 only a) 1-4-3-2
c) 1,2,3 only b) 1-3-4-2
d) 1,3,4 only c) 3-1-2-4
d) 3-1-4-2
Q.25) Consider the following statements regarding the
path to the Indian Constitution: Q.29) Consider the following statements regarding
1. The constitution makers had to create a consensus founders of different institutions:
about what a democratic India should look like. 1. Kanhaiyalal Maniklal Munshi was the founder of the
2. A system based on social and economic equality was Swatantra Party.
inspired from Russia. 2. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee was the founder President
of Bharatiya Jansangh.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1. 1 only Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
2. 2 only a) 1 only
3. Both 1 and 2 b) 2 only
4. None of the above c) Both 1 and 2
Q.26) Consider the following statements about the Indian
Constitution: Q.30) Consider the following statements regarding the
1. Large social groups have, over these years, Indian Constitution:
questioned the legitimacy of the Constitution. 1. It was made keeping in accordance with people’s
2. The Constituent Assembly represented the people of aspirations.
India as its members were directly chosen. 2. Its makers saw it as a sacred and an unalterable
document.
Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
b) 2 only a) 1 only
c) Both 1 and 2 b) 2 only
d) None of the above c) Both 1 and 2

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Q.31) Which of the following sentences regarding the 2. Names of those who move out of a place are deleted.
electoral constituencies is incorrect? 3. A complete revision of the voters' list takes place
1. The size and shape of electoral constituencies is every year.
mentioned in the Indian Constitution. 4. Election Photo Identity Card is not compulsory for
2. For Lok Sabha elections, the country is divided into voting.
545 constituencies.
3. Each village is divided into several ‘wards’ that are Choose the correct statement from the code given below:
like constituencies. a) 1, 3 only
b) 2, 4 only
Select the answer using the code given below: c) 1,2,3 only
a) 1 and 2 only d) 3, 4 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only Q.35) Consider the following statements regarding
d) All of the above nomination of candidates for elections:
1. The person wishing to contest an election has to
Q.32) Consider the following statements with respect to provide ‘security money’ which shall never be
by-election: forfeited..
1. Election is held only for one constituency to fill the 2. Constitution provides for the education qualifications
vacancy caused by death. of the candidate wishing to contest an election.
2. Election is held only for one constituency to fill the
vacancy caused by resignation. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1 only
Which of the above given statements is/are correct? b) 2 only
a) 1 only c) Both 1 and 2
b) 2 only d) None of the above
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the above Q.36) Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect
about election campaigns that take place during the
Q.33) Consider the following statements about reserved election season?
constituency: 1. No party can use government resources for election
1. Some constituencies are reserved for people who campaigns.
belong to the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and 2. If they do so, their election can be rejected by the
the Anglo-Indian community. court even after they have been declared elected.
2. 2) Only people belonging to the Scheduled Caste can
vote for the Scheduled Caste candidate. a) 1 only
3. 3) In many states, seats in rural and urban local b) 2 only
bodies are now reserved for Other Backward Classes c) Both 1 and 2
(OBC) as well. d) None of the above
Which of the above given statements is/are correct? Q.37) Nowadays electronic voting machines (EVM) are
a) 3 only used to record votes. With reference to the above
b) 1 and 3 sentence, consider the following statements:
c) 1 only 1. EVMs have been used in all general and state
d) None of the above assembly elections of India since 2004.
2. The machine shows the names of the candidates,
Q.34) In a democratic election, the list of those who are names of parties and the party symbols.
eligible to vote is prepared much before the election and
given to everyone, which is called the voters’ list. With Select the correct answer using the code given below:
reference to the above sentence, consider the following a) 1 only
statements: b) 2 only
1. People with an unsound mind do not have the right to c) Both 1 and 2
vote. d) None of the above

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Q.38) In India elections are conducted by an independent 1. It was asked to determine the criteria to identify the
and very powerful Election Commission (EC). Consider socially backward castes, tribes and classes in India.
the following statements about the EC: 2. Its recommendations were implemented under the
1. It enjoys the same kind of independence that the Prime Ministership of V.P. Singh.
judiciary enjoys. 3. The benefits of job reservation were then made
2. The Chief Election Commissioner is answerable to available to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and
the government. Other Backward Classes..
3. When on election duty, government officers work
under the control of the EC and not the government. Select the incorrect answer using the code given below:
a) 1 and 3 only
Choose the correct statement(s) from the codes given b) 2 and 3 only
below: c) 1 only
a) 1 and 2 only d) All of the above
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only Q.42) Consider the following statements with respect to
d) 3 only the public institutions present in a democratic setup:
1. The Constitution of any country lays down basic rules
Q.39) Consider the following statements regarding on the powers and functions of each institution.
people’s participation in elections: 2. The office of Prime Minister, Civil servants are
1. In the last 50 years, the turnout has either remained examples of such institutions.
stable or actually gone up in India.
2. In India the poor, illiterate and underprivileged Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
people vote in larger proportion as compared to the a) 1 only
rich and privileged sections. b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
Which of the above given statements is/are incorrect? d) None of the above
a) 1 only
b) 2 only Q.43) Which of the following statements regarding the
c) Both 1 and 2 Indian Parliament is correct?
d) None of the above 1. It is a national assembly of elected representatives
only.
Q.40) Consider the following statements regarding 2. The control of Parliament over those who run the
elections: government in India is direct and full.
1. Candidates and parties with a lot of money are sure of 3. Parliament can seek information about any matter.
their victory.
2. In some parts of the country, candidates with criminal a) 1 only
connection have been able to push others out of the b) 2 and 3 only
electoral race and to secure a ‘ticket’ from major c) 3 only
parties. d) 1 and 2 only
Which of the above given statements is/are correct? Q.44) Consider the following statements about
a) 1 only executives, who are in charge of the ‘execution’ of the
b) 2 only policies of the government:
c) Both 1 and 2 1. They take day-to-day decisions.
d) None of the above 2. They exercise supreme power on behalf of the people.
3. Political executives are people appointed on a long-
Q.41) The Government of India had appointed the Second term basis.
Backward Classes Commission in 1979, which was 4. The minister decides the overall framework and
popularly known as the Mandal Commission. With objectives in which decisions on policy should be
reference to this commission, consider the following made.
statements:
Choose the correct statement from the code given below:

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a) 1, 4 only d) None of the above

b) 2,3,4 only
c) 1,2,3 only Q.49) Consider the following statements regarding the
d) 1,2,4 only Head of the State, in India:
1. He supervises the overall functioning of all the
Q.45) Consider the following statements regarding the political institutions in the country.
composition of the Indian Parliament: 2. He is indirectly elected.
1. The President, though part of the executive, is not a
part of the Parliament. Which of the above given statements is/are incorrect?
2. The joint session is called to end the deadlock a) 1 only
between the two houses, on ordinary bills only. b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
Select the correct answer using the code given below: d) None of the above
a) 1 only
b) 2 only Q.50) In many countries of the world, the President is
c) Both 1 and 2 both the head of the state and the head of the government.
d) None of the above Consider the following statements regarding the above
sentence:
Q.46) The Prime Minister is the most important political 1. The President of the USA is an example, who
institution in the country. With reference to the above appoints all ministers.
sentence, consider the following statements: 2. He is answerable to the Congress of his country.
1. There is a direct election to the post of the Prime
Minister. Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
2. The Prime Minister does not have a fixed tenure. a) 1 only
b) 2 only
Which of the above given statements is/are correct? c) Both 1 and 2
a) 1 only d) None of the above
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 Q.51) Which of the following statements regarding the
d) None of the above Indian Judiciary is correct?
1. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the
Q.47) Which of the following sentences is incorrect? President in consultation with the Prime Minister.
a) The President appoints other ministers on the advice 2. The Supreme Court alone has been given the power
of the Prime Minister. to interpret the Constitution.
b) A person who is not a member of Parliament can also 3. A judge can be removed only by a motion passed
become a minister. separately by two-thirds members of the two Houses
c) Such a person has to get elected to the Lok Sabha of the Parliament.
within six months of appointment as minister.
d) The Cabinet as a team is assisted by the Cabinet Select the answer using the code given below:
Secretariat. a) 2 and 3 only
b) 1 and 2 only
Q.48) Consider the following statements regarding the c) 3 only
powers of the head of the government: d) All of the above
1. The Constitution clearly mentions in detail about the
powers of the head of the government or the ministers Q.52) Consider the following statements with respect to
or their relationship with each other. Amnesty International seen in news recently:
2. He distributes and redistributes work to the ministers. 1. It is a Non-Governmental Organization.
2. It works in the area of providing rights to indigenous
Which of the above given statements is/are correct? people.
a) 1 only

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b) 2 only 1. One is free to criticise the government and incite

c) Both 1 and 2 people to rebel against the government.
d) None of the above 2. Grounds of defamation is one of the reasonable
restrictions that can be imposed by the State.
Q.53) Consider the following statements about ‘rights’ of
human beings: Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
1. Rights are reasonable claims of persons recognised by a) 1 only
society and sanctioned by law. b) 2 only
2. If rights are not written into laws, they are merely c) Both 1 and 2
moral rights. d) None of the above
3. The notion of rights do not change from time to time.
Q.57) Which of the following sentences regarding right
Which of the above given statements is/are correct? to freedom is correct?
a) 1 only 1. The Constitution says that no person can be deprived
b) 2 and 3 only of his life or personal liberty under any
c) 1 and 3 only circumstances.
d) 1 and 2 only 2. A person who is arrested and detained shall be
produced before the nearest magistrate within a
Q.54) The Constitution says that the government shall not period of 12 hours of arrest.
deny to any person in India equality before the law or the
equal protection of the laws. With reference to the above a) 1 only
sentence, consider the following statements: b) 2 only
1. There can be some distinction between a political c) Both 1 and 2
leader, government official and an ordinary citizen. d) None of the above
2. The government shall not discriminate against any
citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, Q.58) Arrange the following in the correct order as
language or place of birth. written in Article 19(1), Part III of the Indian
3. Rule of Law is the basic structure of our Constitution. Constitution:
4. Equality means giving everyone the same treatment. 1. Freedom of Association
2. Freedom of Residence
Choose the incorrect statement(s) from the code given 3. Freedom of Movement
below: 4. Freedom of Profession
a) 1, 3 only
b) 2,3,4 only Choose from the codes given below:
c) 1,2,4 only a) 2-4-3-1
d) 2 only b) 1-3-2-4
c) 4-1-2-3
Q.55) Consider the following statements regarding Part d) 3-1-4-2
III of the Indian Constitution:
1. Part III puts the promise of liberty, equality and Q.59) Consider the following statements regarding Right
justice, mentioned in the preamble, into effect. to Freedom of Religion:
2. Part III is divided into six broad parts. 1. Right to convert under this freedom is a fundamental
right.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 2. Taxes collected can be used for the promotion of all
a) 1 only religions.
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 Which of the above given statements is/are incorrect?
d) None of the above a) 1 only
b) 2 only
Q.56) Consider the following statements regarding c) Both 1 and 2
freedom of speech and expression: d) None of the above

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Q.60) Which of the following statements regarding the Q.64) Consider the following statements about the
Cultural and Educational Rights is correct? National Human Rights Commission which looks into the
1. All minorities have been only given the right to violation of human rights in India:
establish educational institutions of their choice. 1. For NHRC, human rights include the rights
2. It has been provided to only religious and linguistic mentioned in the UN sponsored international treaties
minorities. that India has signed.
2. The NHRC cannot by itself punish the guilty.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only Which of the above given statements is/are incorrect?
c) Both 1 and 2
Q.61) Consider the following statements regarding Right d) None of the above
to Constitutional Remedies mentioned in the Indian
Constitution: Q.65) Which of the following statements regarding Right
1. Fundamental Rights are guaranteed against the against Exploitation is correct?
actions of the Legislatures only. 1. Begar is a practice where the worker is forced to
2. 2) Any citizen can approach the Supreme Court or a render service to the ‘master’ free of charge.
High Court for the protection of public interest 2. Child labour is not prohibited in harmless work.
against a particular law or action of the government.
Which of the above given statements is/are correct?
Which of the above given statements is/are correct? a) 1 only
a) 1 only b) 2 only
b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2
c) Both 1 and 2 d) None of the above
Q.66) Regarding Salvador Allende, President of Chile in
Q.62) Consider the following statements regarding the 1970s. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
Fundamental Rights granted by the Indian Constitution: a) He was the founder leader of the Socialist Party of
1. Fundamental Rights granted by the Constitution are Chile.
the only rights citizens have. b) He had taken several policy decisions to help the poor
2. Fundamental Rights are the source of all rights. and the workers.
c) He was advocated the setting up of foreign companies
Which of the above given statements is/are correct? in Chile.
a) 1 only d) The landlords, the rich and the Church opposed his
b) 2 only policies.
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the above Q.67) Consider the following pairs about leaders and their
form of government in Chile in 1970s.
Q.63) Consider the following statements regarding Leader Form of Government
Human Rights: 1. Salvador Allende Military Dictatorship
1. These are universal moral claims that are not 2. Augusto Pinochet Elected Government
recognised by law.
2. 2) Right to Insurance is a human right according to Which of the above pair is correctly matched?
the International Covenant on Economic, Social and a) 1 only
Cultural Rights. b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
Which of the above given statements is/are correct? d) None of the above
a) 1 only
b) 2 only Q.68) Regarding Michelle Bachelet, President of Chile
c) Both 1 and 2 consider the following statements

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1. She along with his father General Alberto Bachelet of 2. People have the freedom to express views, freedom to
the Chilean Air Force supported 1970s military coup protest.
in Chile.
2. She became the first woman to be a President in Latin Which of the above statement is/are correct?
America. a) 1 only
b) 2 only
Which of the above statement is/are correct? c) Both 1 and 2
b) 2 only
c) 1 and 2 only Q.73) With reference to the phases in expansion of
d) None of the above democracy, Consider the following statements;
1. The progress towards democracy in France started
Q.69) With reference to the Political situation in Poland before than Britain.
in 1980s, Consider the following statements 2. The progress towards democracy in Britain was very
1. Like India, Several Political parties exists in Poland. slow.
2. People could freely choose their leaders through open
and fair elections system. Choose the correct code from the following
a) 1 only
Choose the Incorrect statement/s using the code given b) 2 only
below; c) Both 1 and 2
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 Q.74) Arrange the following countries in chronological
d) None of the above order according to Universal Franchise Granted ;
1. United States
Q.70) Regarding political situation in Poland in 1980s, 2. India
which of the following statements is incorrect? 3. Germany
a) At that time Poland was ruled by the Polish United 4. France
Workers Party.
b) The government in Poland was supported and Choose the correct code from the following
controlled by the government of the China, powerful a) 1-2-3-4
communist state. b) 2-3-4-1
c) Trade unions were not allowed in Poland. c) 3-4-2-1
d) Strike was illegal under Polish United Workers Party. d) 4-3-2-1
Q.71) With reference to Political situation in Poland and Q.75) With reference to the United Nations Security
Chile in 1980s, what are the difference between them? Council (UNSC), Consider the following statements;
1. Chile was ruled by a military dictator, while Poland 1. UNSC is responsible for maintaining peace and
was ruled by a political party. security among countries.
2. Both the government of Poland and Chile, claimed 2. There are five permanent members and fifteen non-
that it was ruling on behalf of the working classes. permanent members in UNSC.
3. Non-permanent members are elected by the General
Choose the correct code from the following; Assembly for four-year terms.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only Which of the above statement is/are incorrect?
d) None of the above b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
Q.72) Regarding Democracy, Consider the following d) All are correct
statements
1. Only leaders elected by people should rule the Q.76) Regarding World Bank, which of the following
country. statement is incorrect?

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1. Members state do not have equal voting rights. 2. Before contesting the Election, a candidates needs to
2. President of World Bank is elected by the Member be approval of Chinese Communist Party.
countries. 3. Some members are elected by the Military.
Choose the correct answer using the code given below. Which of the above statement is/are correct?
a) 1 only a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only b) 1 and 3 only
c) Both 1 and 2 c) 2 and 3 only
d) None of the above d) All of the above
Q.77) Consider the following statements about Western Q.81) Regarding political situation in Mexico, Consider
Asian country Iraq; the following statements;
1. It was a French colony. 1. The country has been under Dictatorship Rule for
2. Saddam Hussain came to power in 1970s and his some time.
government reinstalled Islamic laws and abolished 2. Mexico holds elections after every six years to elect
voting rights to women. its President.
Which of the above statement is/are correct? Which of the above statement is/are correct?
a) 1 only a) 1 only
b) 2 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the above d) None of the above
Q.78) Match the following countries and the path Q.82) With reference to the Democracy, Consider the
democracy has taken in that country; following statements ;
Country path to democracy 1. A democracy must be Based on a free and fair
1. Ghana A. Freedom from British colonial rule election.
2. Chile B. End of military dictatorship 2. Democracy is based on a fundamental principle of
3. Nepal C. End of one-party rule political equality.
4. Poland D. King agreed to give up his powers
Which of the above statement is/are correct?
Choose the correct code from the following a) 1 only
a) 1(C) – 2(B) – 3(D) – 4(A) b) 2 only
b) 1(A) – 2(B) – 3(D) – 4(C) c) Both 1 and 2
c) 1(C) – 2(D) – 3(B) – 4(A) d) None of the above
d) 1(B) – 2(D) – 3(A) – 4(C)
Q.83) Regarding Rule of law and rights to citizens in
Q.79) Use one of the following statements to complete the Zimbabwean after Post independence, Consider the
sentence: Democracy in the international organisations following statements;
requires that … 1. People has total freedom to criticize the President.
a) The rich countries should have a greater say. 2. Over the years government changed the constitution
b) Countries should have a say according to their several times to increase the powers of the President
military power. and make him more accountable.
c) Countries should be treated with respect in proportion
to their population. Which of the above statement is/are correct?
d) All countries in the world should be treated equally. a) 1 only
b) 2 only
Q.80) Consider the following statements about electoral c) Both 1 and 2
procedure in China d) None of the above
1. In China, elections held after every six years for
electing Country’s Parliament National People Q.84) Regarding Democracy, which of the following
Congress. statement is incorrect?

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a) All the major decisions taken by rulers who are Q.88) Regarding Democracy and the Constitution,
elected by the People. consider the following statements;
b) People can decide and change the rulers by free and 1. All the country’s which has constitution are
fair election. necessarily Democratic.
c) This choice and opportunity is available to all the 2. All the country’s that are Democratic must have
people on an equal basis. constitution.
d) The exercise of this choice leads to a absolute power
to the government. Which of the above statement is/are correct?
a) 1 only
Q.85) why democracy is considered the best form of b) 2 only
government? c) Both 1 and 2
1. It provides a method to deal with differences and d) None of the above
conflicts.
2. Democratic government is more accountable form of Q.89) Which of the following statements written about
government. the leaders, is correct?
3. As it elected by the People there is no scope for the 1. T T. Krishnamachari was the founder of Andhra
mistakes. Mahila Sabha.
2. Kanhaiyalal Manikhal Munshi was the founder of
Choose the correct code from the following; Swatantra Party.
a) 1 and 2 only 3. G. Durgabai Deshmukh was the founder chairperson
b) 1 and 3 only of Central Social Welfare Board.
c) 2 and 3 only
d) All of the above Choose the correct code from the following;
a) 1 and 2 only
Q.86) In 1950s African people and Indians, fought against b) 1 and 3 only
the apartheid system. With reference to this consider the c) 2 and 3 only
following statements; d) All of the above
1. The African National Congress was the main
organisation that led the struggle against the policies Q. 90) Match the following leaders with their roles in the
of segregation. making of the Constitution:
2. Some Whites also supported the struggle against the 1. Motilal Nehru A. President of the Constituent
apartheid system. Assembly
2. B.R. Ambedkar B. Member of the Constituent
Which of the above statement is/are correct? Assembly
a) 1 only 3. Rajendra Prasad C. Chairman of the Drafting
b) 2 only Committee
c) Both 1 and 2 4. Sarojini Naidu D. Prepared a Constitution for
d) None of the above India in 1928
Q.87) the constitution of a country Is a set of written rules Choose the correct code from the following;
that are accepted by all people living together in a country. a) 1(D) – 2(C) – 3(B) – 4(A)
With reference to this what are the functions of the b) 1(D) – 2(C) – 3(A) – 4(B)
Constitution? c) 1(A) – 2(D) – 3(B) – 4(C)
1. It gives degree of trust and coordination to the people d) 1(A) – 2(D) – 3(C) – 4(A)
2. It specify how government should be formed.
3. It lay down limits on the powers of government. Q.91) Consider the following statement about path
towards making Constitution;
Choose the correct code from the following; 1. In 1928, Jawaharlal Nehru and other Congress leaders
a) 1 and 2 only drafted a constitution for India.
b) 2 and 3 only 2. At Karachi session in 1931, a resolution passed by
c) 1 and 3 only Indian National Congress leader which dwelt on
d) All of the above values of independent India constitution.

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3. Both these documents were committed to inclusion of Choose the correct code from the following ;
universal adult franchise, right to freedom and a) 1 – 2 – 3 – 4
equality. b) 3 – 2 – 1 – 4
c) 1 – 3 – 2 – 4
Which of the above statement is/are correct? d) 3 – 2 – 4 – 1
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only Q.95) Regarding powers of Election Commission (EC),
c) 2 and 3 only Consider the following statements;
d) All of the above 1. EC implement the code of conduct and order judiciary
to punish the candidate or party if they violate it.
Q.92) Which of the following pair is incorrectly matched? 2. During the election period, the EC can order the
Keyword in Constitution Meaning government to follow certain guidelines.
1. Sovereign People have supreme right 3. On election duty, government officers work under the
to make Decisions on internal as well as external control of the EC and not the government.
matters.
2. Democratic A form of government where Which of the above statement is/are incorrect?
people enjoy Equal political rights, elect their rulers a) 1 and 3 only
and hold them accountable. b) 1 only
3. Liberty. Complete freedom to the c) 2 and 3 only
citizens in what they think, how they wish to express d) None of the above
their thoughts.
4. Republic The head of the state is an Q.96) what are the challenges to the free and fair election
elected person and not a hereditary position. in India?
1. Money Power
Choose the correct code from the below ; 2. Candidates with criminal connection
a) 1 and 3 only 3. Huge influence of some families or parties
b) 3 only 4. Elections offer little choice to ordinary citizens
c) 2 and 4 only
d) 1 and 3 only Choose the correct code from the following:
a) 1 and 3 only
Q.93) what are the characteristics of democratic b) 1, 2 and 3 only
elections? c) 2, 3 and 4 only
1. Everyone should have right to vote and every vote d) All of the above
must have equal value.
2. Candidates should free to contest the election. Q.97) Consider the following statements about Mandal
3. Elections should be held regularly. Commission:
4. The candidate preferred by the party should get 1. The government of India appointed first backward
elected. classes Commission in 1979 headed by B. P Mandal.
2. It was asked to determine the criteria to identify the
Choose the correct code from the following; socially and economically backward classes in India.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only Which of the above statement is/are correct?
c) 1, 2 and 3 only a) 1 only
d) All of the above b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
Q.94) Arrange the following states in descending order in d) None of the above
terms of numbers of constituencies in a state ;
1. Bihar Q.98) Which of the following statements regarding Indian
2. West Bengal Parliament is correct?
3. Maharashtra 1. It is the final authority for making laws in country.
4. Tamilnadu 2. Its control over the government is direct and full.
3. It controls all the money.

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Choose the correct code from the following:

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) All of the above
Q.99) Which of the following rights recognized by

international covenant but cannot directly a part of the
Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution.
1. Right to safe and healthy working conditions.
2. Right to adequate standard of living.
3. Right to health.
Choose the correct code from the below:

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) All of the above
Q.100) Consider the following statements about human

rights commission:
1. It is a statutory Commission which was setup in 1991.
2. The Commission is independent of the government.
3. The Commission is appointed by the chief Justice of
India.
Which of the above statement is /are correct?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 only
d) All of the above

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Q.1) Ans: C Q.4) Ans: D

Statement 1 is incorrect: General Augusto Pinochet Statement 1 is incorrect: Democracy did not expand
(pronounced Pinoshe), an Army general, led the coup in throughout the 20th c. due to change in the form of
1973. The government of the United States of America governments in few countries like Chile, Brazil, Peru,
was unhappy with Allende’s rule and is known to have Argentina, Egypt etc. from democratic to some other
supported and funded activities that led to the coup. form. (Refer to the maps on page no. 8-9)
Statement 2 is correct: Pinochet’s military dictatorship Statement 2 is incorrect: French Revolution of 1789 did
came to an end after he decided to hold a referendum in not establish a secure and stable democracy in France.
1988. He felt confident that in this referendum, the people Throughout the nineteenth century, democracy in France
would say ‘yes’ to his continuing in power. But the people was overthrown and restored several times.
of Chile had not forgotten their democratic traditions. Statement 3 is correct: In Britain, the progress towards
Their vote was a decisive ‘no’ to Pinochet. This led to democracy started much before the French Revolution.
Pinochet losing first his political and then his military But the progress was very slow. Through the eighteenth
powers. The hope Allende expressed in his last address and the nineteenth centuries, a series of political events
was realised: felony, cowardice and treason were finally reduced the power of monarchy and feudal lords.
punished. Political freedom was restored. Statement 4 is correct: Universal adult franchise to the
Statement 3 is incorrect: Chile’s government is a Indians was granted in 1950.
representative democratic republic, whereby the President
of Chile is both head of state and head of the government.
Q.2) Ans: C
Statement 1 is correct: After being elected the President,
Allende had taken several policy decisions to help the
poor and the workers. These included reform of the
educational system, free milk for children and
redistribution of land to the landless farmers. He was
opposed to foreign companies taking away natural
resources like copper from the country.
Statement 2 is correct: The landlords, the rich and the
Church opposed his policies. Some other political parties
in Chile also opposed his government
Q.3) Ans: A
Statement 1 is incorrect:Poland, in the 1980s, was ruled Q.5) Ans: B
by the Polish United Workers’ Party. This was one of the Statement 1 is incorrect: Ghana used to be a British
many communist parties that ruled in several countries of colony named Gold Coast. It became independent in
East Europe at that time. 1957. It was among the first countries in Africa to gain
Statement 2 is incorrect: On 14 August 1980, the independence.
workers of Lenin Shipyard in the city of Gdansk went on Statement 2 is correct: After independence, Nkrumah
strike. . This strike was illegal, because trade unions became the first prime minister and then the president of
independent of the ruling party were not allowed in Ghana. Soon after, in 1966, he was overthrown by the
Poland. military. Like Ghana, most countries that became
Statement 3 is correct: As the strike continued, a former democracies after gaining independence had a mixed
electrician of the shipyard, Lech Walesa (pronounced Lek record. They could not remain democracies for long.
Walesha), joined the strikers. He was dismissed from
service in 1976 for demanding higher pay. Walesa soon Q.6) Ans: C
emerged as the leader of the striking workers. The strike Statement 1 is correct: The UN Security Council, an
began to spread across the whole city. Now the workers organ of the UN, is responsible for maintaining peace and
started raising larger demands. They wanted the right to security among countries. It can put together an
form independent trade unions. They also demanded the international army and take action against the wrongdoer.
release of political prisoners and an end to censorship in Statement 2 is correct: The UN General Assembly is like
the press. the parliament where all the discussion takes place. In that

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sense the UN would appear to be a very democratic Statement 2 is correct: Recently, many powerful
organisation. But the General Assembly cannot take any countries in the world, particularly the United States of
decision about what action should be taken in a conflict America, have taken on the task of democracy promotion
between different countries. in the rest of the world. They say that propagating the
values of democracy is not enough. Existing democracies
Q.7) Ans: B should directly intervene in countries that are non-
Statement 1 is incorrect: International Monetary Fund democratic to establish democracy there. In some cases
(IMF) is one of the biggest moneylenders for any country powerful countries have launched armed attacks on non-
in the world. Its 173 member states do not have equal democratic countries.
voting rights. The vote of each country is weighed by how
much money it has contributed to the IMF. Nearly half of Q.11) Ans: C
the voting power in the IMF is in the hands of only seven Statement 1 is correct: In August 2002, Gen. Musharraf
countries (US, Japan, France, UK, Saudi Arabia, China issued a ‘Legal Framework Order’ that amended the
and Russia). Constitution of Pakistan.
Statement 2 is correct: The Global Financial Stability Statement 2 is incorrect: According to this Order, the
Report provides an assessment of the global financial President could dismiss the national and provincial
system and markets, and addresses emerging market assemblies.
financing in a global context. It focuses on current market Statement 3 is correct: The work of the civilian cabinet
conditions, highlighting systemic issues that could pose a was supervised by a National Security Council which was
risk to financial stability and sustained market access by dominated by military officers. After passing this law,
emerging market borrowers. The Report draws out the elections were held to the national and provincial
financial ramifications of economic imbalances assemblies. So Pakistan had elections, elected
highlighted by the IMF's World Economic Outlook. representatives had some powers. The final power rested
with military officers and General Musharraf himself.
Q.8) Ans: D
The Soviet Union comprised 15 Republics. They were: Q.12) Ans: B
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belorussia (Belarus), Estonia, Statement 1 is incorrect: Democracy is based on a
Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia (Kyrgyzstan), Latvia, fundamental principle of political equality. That gives us
Lithuania, Moldavia (Moldova), Russia, Tadzhikistan the third feature of democracy: in a democracy, each adult
(Tajikistan), Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. All citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one
the constituent Republics emerged as independent value.
countries. Most of them became democracies. Statement 2 is correct: Saudi Arabia is the most recent
country to grant women enfranchisement. Starting in
Q.9) Ans: B 2015, Saudi women could vote and run for office.
Statement 1 is correct: The US and its allies like Britain, (NCERT mentions that Saudi Arabia’s women do not
alleged that Iraq possessed secret nuclear weapons and have the right to vote. But that's the old version. They
other ‘weapons of mass destruction’ which posed a big have been granted the right.
threat to the world. But when a UN team went to Iraq to
search for such weapons, it did not find any. Still the US Q.13) Ans: C
and its allies invaded Iraq, occupied it and removed Statement 1 is correct: In China, elections are regularly
Saddam Hussein from power. held after every five years for electing the country’s
Statement 2 is incorrect: The war against Iraq was not parliament, called Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui
authorised by the UN Security Council. Kofi Annan, the (National People’s Congress). The National People’s
UN Secretary General, said that the US war on Iraq was Congress has the power to appoint the President of the
illegal. country. It has nearly 3,000 members elected from all over
China. Some members are elected by the army.
Q.10) Ans: C Statement 2 is correct: A democracy must be based on a
Statement 1 is correct: While nations are becoming free and fair election where those currently in power have
more democratic than they were earlier, international a fair chance of losing.
organisations are becoming less democratic. Eg. World Statement 3 is incorrect: Since its independence in
Bank, UN Security Council- which are basically governed 1930, Mexico holds elections after every six years to elect
by the developed nations like the USA, UK etc.

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its President. The country has never been under a military over important decisions. This reduces the chances of rash
or dictator’s rule. or irresponsible decisions. Thus democracy improves the
quality of decision-making.
Q.14) Ans: C Statement 2 is incorrect: Democracy is better than other
Democracy is a form of government in which: forms of government because it allows us to correct its
● Rulers elected by the people take all the major own mistakes. There is no guarantee that mistakes cannot
decisions. be made in democracy. No form of government can
● Elections offer a choice and fair opportunity to the guarantee that. The advantage in a democracy is that such
people to change the current rulers. mistakes cannot be hidden for long. There is a space for
● This choice and opportunity is available to all the public discussion on these mistakes.
people on an equal basis.
● The exercise of this choice leads to a government Q.18) Ans: D
limited by basic rules of the constitution and citizens’ Statement 1 is correct: Representative democracy is also
rights. called as Indirect democracy.
● In a democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote Statement 2 is incorrect: A majority is allowed to take
and each vote must have one value. decisions on behalf of all the people. Even the majority
does not rule directly. The majority of people rule through
Q.15) Ans: A their elected representatives.
Statement 1 is correct: President Mugabe is popular but Statement 3 is correct: India is an example of
also uses unfair practices in elections. Over the years his Representative democracy.
government has changed the constitution several times to
increase the powers of the President and make him less Q.19) Ans: D
accountable. Opposition party workers are harassed and Statement 1 is correct: Popular approval of the rulers is
their meeting disrupted. necessary in a democracy, but it is not sufficient. Popular
Statement 2 is incorrect: Public protests and governments can be undemocratic. Popular leaders can be
demonstrations against the government are declared autocratic.
illegal. There is a law that limits the right to criticise the Statement 2 is correct: If one wishes to assess a
President. democracy, it is important to look at the elections. But it
is equally important to look before and after the elections.
Q.16) Ans: C There should be sufficient room for normal political
Arguments against Democracy: activity, including political opposition, in the period
● Leaders keep changing in a democracy. This leads to before elections. This requires that the state should respect
instability. some basic rights of the citizen.
● Democracy is all about political competition and
power play. There is no scope for morality. Q.20) Ans: A
● So many people have to be consulted in a democracy Statement 1 is correct: In Indian democracy, the council
that it leads to delays. (Statement 1 is correct) of ministers both in state and centre are collectively
● Elected leaders do not know the best interest of the responsible to their respective legislatures. The entire
people. It leads to bad decisions. (Statement 2 is council of ministers are responsible for all the activities.
correct) Statement 2 is incorrect: Democracy is based on
● Democracy leads to corruption for it is based on sovereignty. People can exercise their power in
electoral competition. democracy. They elect their representatives. The
● Ordinary people don’t know what is good for them; government remains responsible to the common mass for
they should not decide anything. its every omission and commission.
Q.17) Ans: B Q.21) Ans: C

Statement 1 is correct: Democracy is based on Statement 1 is incorrect: The native people of South
consultation and discussion. A democratic decision Africa are black in colour. They made up about three-
always involves many people, discussions and meetings. fourth of the population and were called ‘blacks’. Besides
When a number of people put their heads together, they these two groups, there were people of mixed races who
are able to point out possible mistakes in any decision. were called ‘coloured’ and people who migrated from
This takes time. But there is a big advantage in taking time

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India. The white rulers treated all nonwhites as inferiors. national Hockey team. He was the founder President of
The non-whites did not have voting rights. Adivasi Maha Sabha and later became the founder of
Statement 2 is correct: The apartheid system was Jharkhand Party.
particularly oppressive for the non-whites. They were Statement 3 is correct: H. C. Mookherjee was the Vice-
forbidden from living in white areas. They could work in Chairman of the Constituent Assembly. He was a reputed
white areas only if they had a permit. author and educationist. He was a member of All India
Statement 3 is correct: The non-whites could not even Christian Council and Bengal Legislative Assembly.
visit the churches where the whites worshipped. The non- Later: Governor of West Bengal.
whites could not form associations or protest against the Statement 4 is correct: G. Durgabai Deshmukh was an
terrible treatment. advocate and public activist for women’s emancipation.
He was the founder of Andhra Mahila Sabha. Later:
Q.22) Ans: C Founder Chairperson of Central Social Welfare Board.
Statement 1 is correct: After two years of discussion and
debate South Africa came out with one of the finest Q.25) Ans: B
constitutions the world has ever had. This constitution Statement 1 is incorrect: The makers of the Indian
gave to its citizens the most extensive rights available in Constitution did not have to create a consensus about what
any country. Together, they decided that in the search for a democratic India should look like. Much of this
a solution to the problems, nobody should be excluded, no consensus had evolved during the freedom struggle.
one should be treated as a demon. They agreed that Statement 2 is correct: Many of our leaders were
everybody should become part of the solution, whatever inspired by the ideals of French Revolution, the practice
they might have done or represented in the past.They had of parliamentary democracy in Britain and the Bill of
a preamble to their Constitution. Rights in the US. The socialist revolution in Russia had
Statement 2 is correct: The whites agreed to the principle inspired many Indians to think of shaping a system based
of majority rule and that of one person one vote. They also on social and economic equality.
agreed to accept some basic rights for the poor and the
workers. The blacks agreed that majority rule would not Q.26) Ans: D
be absolute. They agreed that the majority would not take Statement 1 is incorrect: The first reason for accepting
away the property of the white minority. The oppressor the Indian Constitution even after so many years is that
and the oppressed in this new democracy were planning over the last half a century, several groups have
to live together as equals. questioned some provisions of the Constitution. But no
large social group or political party has ever questioned
Q.23) Ans: D the legitimacy of the Constitution itself. This is an unusual
Statement 1 is correct: The Constitution is the supreme achievement for any constitution.
law that determines the relationship among people living Statement 2 is incorrect: The second reason for
in a territory (called citizens) and also the relationship accepting the Constitution is that the Constituent
between the people and government. Assembly represented the people of India. There was no
Statement 2 is correct: The Constitution specifies how universal adult franchise at that time. So the Constituent
the government will be constituted, who will have power Assembly could not have been chosen directly by all the
to take which decisions. people of India. It was elected mainly by the members of
Statement 3 is incorrect: All countries that have the existing Provincial Legislatures that we mentioned
constitutions are not necessarily democratic. But all above. This ensured a fair geographical share of members
countries that are democratic will have constitutions. from all the regions of the country. In social terms too, the
Assembly represented members from different language
Q.24) Ans: D groups, castes, classes, religions and occupations. Even if
Statement 1 is correct: Abul Kalam Azad was an the Constituent Assembly was elected by universal adult
educationist, author and theologian and a scholar of franchise, its composition would not have been very
Arabic. He was a Congress leader and was active in the different.
national movement. He opposed Muslim separatist
politics and later became the Education Minister in the Q.27) Ans: D
first union cabinet. Statement 1 is correct: Values that inspired and guided
Statement 2 is incorrect: Jaipal Singh was a sportsman the freedom struggle and were in turn nurtured by it,
and an educationist. He was the captain of the first formed the foundation for India’s democracy. These

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values are embedded in the Preamble of the Indian number and boundaries of constituencies in a way that the
Constitution i.e. the philosophy of the Constitution. population of all seats, so far as practicable, is the same.
Statement 2 is correct: They guide all the articles of the The Commission is also tasked with identifying seats
Indian Constitution. The Constitution begins with a short reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes;
statement of its basic values. This is called the Preamble these are where their population is relatively large.
to the constitution. Statement 2 is incorrect: For Lok Sabha elections, the
country is divided into 543 constituencies. The
Q.28) Ans: D representative elected from each constituency is called a
Preamble to the Indian Constitution: Member of Parliament or an MP.
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved Statement 3 is correct: Each village or town is divided
to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST into several ‘wards’ that are like constituencies. Each
SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to ward elects one member of the village or the urban local
all its citizens: body. Sometimes these constituencies are counted as
JUSTICE, social, economic and political; ‘seats’, for each constituency represents one seat in the
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and assembly.
worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; Q.32) Ans: C
and to promote among them all Elections are held in all constituencies at the same time,
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual either on the same day or within a few days. This is called
and the unity and integrity of the Nation; a general election. Sometimes election is held only for one
In Our Constituent Assembly this twenty-sixth day of constituency to fill the vacancy caused by death or
November, 1949, do Hereby Adopt, Enact And Give To resignation of a member. This is called a by-election.
Ourselves This Constitution Source: Pg.60, Democratic Politics I (Class IX)
Q.29) Ans: C Q.33) Ans: A

Statement 1 is correct: Kanhaiyalal Maniklal Munshi Statement 1 is incorrect: Some constituencies are
(1887-1971) was an advocate, historian and linguist. He reserved for people who belong to the Scheduled Castes
was a Congress leader and Gandhian. Later: Minister in [SC] and Scheduled Tribes [ST] only. Seats reserved for
the Union Cabinet. He was also the founder of the the Anglo-Indian Community have to be filled by
Swatantra Party. nomination and therefore, no constituency has been
Statement 1 is correct: Shyama Prasad Mukherjee reserved for them.
(1901-1953) was the Minister for Industry and Supply in Statement 2 is incorrect: In a SC reserved constituency
the Interim Government. He was an educationist and only someone who belongs to the Scheduled Castes can
lawyer. He was active in Hindu Mahasabha. Later: stand for election. Similarly only those belonging to the
Founder President of Bharatiya Jansangh. Scheduled Tribes can contest an election from a
constituency reserved for ST.
Q.30) Ans: A Statement 3 is correct: This system of reservation was
Statement 1 is correct: Those who crafted the Indian extended later to other weaker sections at the district and
Constitution felt that it has to be in accordance with local level. In many states, seats in rural (panchayat) and
people’s aspirations and changes in society. urban (municipalities and corporations) local bodies are
Statement 2 is incorrect: They did not see it as a sacred, now reserved for Other Backward Classes (OBC) as well.
static and unalterable law. So, they made provisions to However, the proportion of seats reserved varies from
incorporate changes from time to time. These changes are state to state. Similarly, one-third of the seats are reserved
called constitutional amendments. in rural and urban local bodies for women candidates.
Q.31) Ans: A Q.34) Ans: B

Statement 1 is incorrect: The size and shape of electoral Statement 1 is incorrect: Every citizen has the right to
constituencies is determined by an independent vote, regardless of his or her caste, religion or gender.
Delimitation Commission set up by the Central Some criminals and persons with unsound minds can be
Government through the Delimitation Act. Under Article denied the right to vote, but only in rare situations.
82, the Parliament enacts a Delimitation Act after every
Census. The Commission is supposed to determine the

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Statement 2 is correct: As new persons attain voting age Machines, sometimes called "EVMs" in India. The use of
names are added to the voters’ list. Names of those who EVMs and electronic voting was developed and tested by
move out of a place or those who are dead are deleted. the state-owned Electronics Corporation of India and
Statement 3 is incorrect: A complete revision of the list Bharat Electronics in the 1990s. They were introduced in
takes place every five years. This is done to ensure that it Indian elections between 1998 and 2001, in a phased
remains up to date. manner. The electronic voting machines have been used
Statement 4 is correct: In the last few years a new system in all general and state assembly elections of India since
of Election Photo Identity Card [EPIC] has been 2004.
introduced. The government has tried to give this card to Statement 2 is incorrect: The machine shows the names
every person on the voters list. The voters are required to of the candidates and the party symbols. Independent
carry this card when they go out to vote, so that no one candidates too have their own symbols, allotted by
can vote for someone else. But the card is not yet election officials. All the voter has to do is to press the
compulsory for voting. For voting, the voters can show button against the name of the candidate she wants to give
many other proofs of identity like the ration card or the her vote.
driving licence.
Q.38) Ans: C
Q.35) Ans: D Statement 1 is correct: Election Commission (EC)
Statement 1 is incorrect: Every person who wishes to enjoys the same kind of independence that the judiciary
contest an election has to fill a ‘nomination form’ and give enjoys.
some money as ‘security deposit’. If a candidate gets less Statement 2 is incorrect: The Chief Election
than 1/6th of the total number of valid votes cast in any Commissioner (CEC) is appointed by the President of
constituency then his security deposit will be confiscated. India. But once appointed, the Chief Election
However, if he secures more than 1/6th of the total Commissioner is not answerable to the President or the
number of valid votes, the deposit money will be returned government. Even if the ruling party or the government
to the candidate. does not like what the Commission does, it is virtually
Statement 2 is incorrect: Recently, a new system of impossible for it to remove the CEC.
declaration has been introduced on the direction from the Statement 3 is correct:
Supreme Court. Every candidate has to make a legal ● EC takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and
declaration, giving full details of : control of elections from the announcement of
● Serious criminal cases pending against the candidate; elections to the declaration of results.
● Details of the assets and liabilities of the candidate ● It implements the Code of Conduct and punishes any
and his or her family; candidate or party that violates it.
● Education qualifications of the candidate. (not in the ● During the election period, the EC can order the
constitution) government to follow some guidelines, to prevent use
● This information has to be made public and misuse of governmental power to enhance its
chances to win elections, or to transfer some
Q.36) Ans: D government officials.
According to our election law, no party or candidate can: ● When on election duty, government officers work
● Bribe or threaten voters; under the control of the EC and not the government.
● Appeal to them in the name of caste or religion;
● Use government resources for election campaigns; Q.39) Ans: D
(Statement 1 is correct) Statement 1 is correct: People’s participation in
● Spend more than Rs. 25 lakh in a constituency for a elections is usually measured by voter turnout figures.
Lok Sabha election or Rs. 10 lakh in a constituency in Turnout indicates the percent of eligible voters who
an Assembly election. actually cast their vote. Over the last fifty years, the
● If they do so, their election can be rejected by the turnout in Europe and North America has declined. In
court even after they have been declared elected. India the turnout has either remained stable or actually
(Statement 2 is correct) gone up.
Statement 2 is correct: In India the poor, illiterate and
Q.37) Ans: A underprivileged people vote in larger proportion as
Statement 1 is correct: Electronic Voting is the standard compared to the rich and privileged sections. This is in
means of conducting elections using Electronic Voting contrast to western democracies. For example in the

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United States of America, poor people, African Statement 1 is incorrect: In India, the Parliament is a mix
Americans and Hispanics vote much less than the rich and of elected and nominated representatives. 2 members in
the white people. Lok Sabha are nominated by the President from the
Anglo-Indian Community. 12 members in Rajya Sabha
Q.40) Ans: B are nominated by the President from different fields.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Candidates and parties with a Statement 2 is correct: Parliaments all over the world
lot of money may not be sure of their victory but they do exercise some control over those who run the
enjoy a big and unfair advantage over smaller parties and government. In some countries like India this control is
independents. direct and full. Those who run the government can take
Statement 2 is correct: In some parts of the country, decisions only so long as they enjoy support of the
candidates with criminal connection have been able to Parliament.
push others out of the electoral race and to secure a Statement 3 is correct: Parliament is the highest forum
‘ticket’ from major parties. of discussion and debate on public issues and national
policy in any country. Parliament can seek information
Q.41) Ans: A about any matter.
Statement 1 is incorrect: It was asked to determine the
criteria to identify the socially and educationally Q.44) Ans: A
backward classes in India and recommend steps to be Statement 1 is correct: The executive takes day-to-day
taken for their advancement. The Commission gave its decisions.
Report in 1980 and made many recommendations. One of Statement 2 is incorrect: At different levels of any
these was that 27 per cent of government jobs be reserved government we find functionaries who take day-to-day
for the socially and educationally backward classes. decisions but do not exercise supreme power on behalf of
Statement 2 is correct: On 6 August 1990, the Union the people.
Cabinet took a formal decision to implement the Statement 3 is incorrect: In a democratic country, two
recommendations of the Mandal Commission. Next day categories make up the executive. One that is elected by
Prime Minister V.P. Singh informed the Parliament about the people for a specific period, is called the political
this decision through a statement in both the Houses of executive. Political leaders who take the big decisions fall
Parliament. in this category. In the second category, people are
Statement 3 is incorrect: The benefit of job reservation appointed on a long-term basis. This is called the
was, till the implementation of Mandal Commission permanent executive or civil services.
recommendations, available only to Scheduled Castes and Statement 4 is correct: The minister decides the overall
Scheduled Tribes. Now a new third category called SEBC framework and objectives in which decisions on policy
was introduced. Only persons who belong to backward should be made. The minister is not, and is not expected
classes were eligible for this quota of 27 per cent jobs. to be, an expert in the matters of her ministry. The
Others could not compete for these jobs. minister takes the advice of experts on all technical
matters.
Q.42) Ans: C
Statement 1 is correct: A democracy works well when Q.45) Ans: D
the public institutions perform functions assigned to them. Statement 1 is incorrect: In our country, the Parliament
The Constitution of any country lays down basic rules on consists of two Houses. The two Houses are known as the
the powers and functions of each institution. Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the
Statement 2 is correct: Examples of public institutions: People (Lok Sabha). The President of India is a part of the
● The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are institutions Parliament, although is not a member of either House.
that take all important policy decisions. That is why all laws made in the Houses come into force
● The Civil Servants, working together, are responsible only after they receive the assent of the President.
for taking steps to implement the ministers’ decisions. Statement 2 is incorrect: Any ordinary law needs to be
● The Supreme Court is an institution where disputes passed by both the Houses. But if there is a difference
between citizens and the government are finally between the two Houses, the final decision is taken in a
settled. joint session in which members of both the Houses sit
together. Because of the larger number of members, the
Q.43) Ans: B view of the Lok Sabha is likely to prevail in such a
meeting. It also applies for financial bills.

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Q.46) Ans: B Q.51) Ans: C

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Prime Minister is the most Statement 1 is incorrect: The senior most judge of the
important political institution in the country. Yet there is Supreme Court is usually appointed the Chief Justice of
no direct election to the post of the Prime Minister. The India by the President.
President appoints the Prime Minister. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Supreme Court and the
Statement 2 is correct: The Prime Minister does not have High Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution
a fixed tenure. He continues in power so long as he of the country. They can declare invalid any law of the
remains the leader of the majority party or coalition. legislature or the actions of the executive, whether at the
Union level or at the state level, if they find such a law or
Q.47) Ans: C action is against the Constitution.
Statement c is incorrect: The Prime Minister is free to Statement 3 is correct: A judge can be removed only by
choose ministers, as long as they are members of a motion passed separately by two-thirds members of the
Parliament. Sometimes, a person who is not a member of two Houses of the Parliament. It has never happened in
Parliament can also become a minister. But such a person the history of Indian democracy
has to get elected to one of the Houses of the Parliament
within six months of appointment as minister Q.52) Ans: C
Statement 1 is correct: An international non-
Q.48) Ans: B governmental organisation of volunteers who campaign
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Constitution does not say for human rights. This organisation brings out
very much about the powers of the Prime Minister or the independent reports on the violation of human rights all
ministers or their relationship with each other. But as head over the world.
of the government, the Prime Minister has wide ranging Statement 2 is correct: The major areas that are covered
powers. by the Amnesty International include –
Statement 2 is correct: All ministers work under his 1. Women’s, children’s, minorities’ and indigenous
leadership. The Prime Minister distributes and rights
redistributes work to the ministers. He also has the power 2. Ending torture
to dismiss ministers. When the Prime Minister quits, the 3. Abolition of the death penalty
entire ministry quits 4. Rights of refugees
5. Rights of prisoners of conscience
Q.49) Ans: D 6. Protection of human dignity
Statement 1 is correct: While the Prime Minister is the
head of the government, the President is the head of the Q.53) Ans: D
State. The President supervises the overall functioning of Statement 1 is correct: When law recognises some
all the political institutions in the country so that they claims they become enforceable. We can then demand
operate in harmony to achieve the objectives of the State. their application. When fellow citizens or the government
Statement 2 is correct: The President is not elected do not respect these rights we call it violation or
directly by the people. The elected Members of infringement of our rights. In such circumstances citizens
Parliament (MPs) and the elected Members of the can approach courts to protect their rights. So, if we want
Legislative Assemblies (MLAs) elect her. to call any claim a right, it has to have these three
qualities. Rights are reasonable claims of persons
Q.50) Ans: A recognised by society and sanctioned by law.
Statement 1 is correct: The President of the United Statement 2 is correct: When the socially recognised
States of America is the most well known example of this claims are written into law they acquire real force.
kind of President. The US President is directly elected by Otherwise they remain merely as natural or moral rights.
the people. He personally chooses and appoints all Statement 3 is incorrect: Rights acquire meaning only
Ministers. in society. Every society makes certain rules to regulate
Statement 2 is incorrect: The president does not need the our conduct. They tell us what is right and what is wrong.
support of the majority of members in the Congress and What is recognised by the society as rightful becomes the
neither is he answerable to them. He has a fixed tenure of basis of rights. That is why the notion of rights changes
four years and completes it even if his party does not have from time to time and society to society.
a majority in the Congress.
Q.54) Ans: C

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Statement 1 is incorrect: Rule of law is the foundation Q.57) Ans: D

of any democracy. It means that no person is above the Statement 1 is incorrect: The Constitution says that no
law. There cannot be any distinction between a political person can be deprived of his life or personal liberty
leader, government official and an ordinary citizen. except according to procedure established by law. It
Statement 2 is incorrect: The government shall not means that no person can be killed unless the court has
discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of ordered a death sentence. It also means that a government
religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. Every citizen or police officer cannot arrest or detain any citizen unless
shall have access to public places like shops, restaurants, he has proper legal justification.
hotels, and cinema halls. Similarly, there shall be no Statement 2 is incorrect: A person who is arrested and
restriction with regard to the use of wells, tanks, bathing detained shall be produced before the nearest magistrate
ghats, roads, playgrounds and places of public resorts within a period of 24 hours of arrest.
maintained by the government or dedicated to the use of
general public. Q.58) Ans: B
Statement 3 is correct: The Constitution says that the Article 19 (1):
government shall not deny to any person in India equality a) Freedom of speech and expression.
before the law or the equal protection of the laws. It means b) Freedom to assemble peacefully and without arms.
that the laws apply in the same manner to all, regardless c) Freedom to form associations or unions.
of a person’s status. This is called the rule of law. Rule of d) Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of
law is the foundation of any democracy and it is the basic India.
structure of our Constitution too. e) Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory
Statement 4 is incorrect: Equality does not mean giving of India.
everyone the same treatment, no matter what they need. f) Freedom to practise any profession, or to carry on any
Equality means giving everyone an equal opportunity to occupation, trade, or business.
achieve whatever one is capable of. Sometimes it is
necessary to give special treatment to someone in order to Q.59) Ans: D
ensure equal opportunity. Statement 1 is correct: A right to propagate one’s
religion, however, does not mean that a person has the
Q.55) Ans: C right to compel another person to convert into his religion
Statement 1 is correct: Some rights which are by means of force, fraud, inducement or allurement. Of
fundamental to our life are given a special status. They are course, a person is free to change religion on his or her
called Fundamental Rights, contained in Part III of the own will.
Indian Constitution. The preamble talks about securing Statement 2 is correct: The government cannot compel
for all its citizens equality, liberty and justice. any person to pay any taxes for the promotion or
Fundamental Rights put this promise into effect. They are maintenance of any particular religion or religious
an important basic feature of India’s Constitution. institution. However, it can use the collected taxes for the
Statement 2 is correct: Our Constitution provides for six promotion and maintenance of all religions.
Fundamental Rights.
Q.60) Ans: B
Q.56) Ans: B Statement 1 is incorrect: All minorities have the right to
Statement 1 is incorrect: One may disagree with a policy establish and administer educational institutions of their
of government or activities of an association. One is free choice.
to criticise the government or the activities of the Statement 2 is correct: Here minority does not mean
association within one’s conversations with parents, only religious minority at the national level. In some
friends and relatives. One can publicise his/her views places people speaking a particular language are in
through a pamphlet, magazine or newspaper. However, majority; people speaking a different language are in a
one cannot use this freedom to instigate violence against minority.
others. One cannot use it to incite people to rebel against
the government. Q.61) Ans: B
Statement 2 is correct: Neither can one use it to defame Statement 1 is incorrect: Fundamental Rights are
others by saying false and mean things that cause damage guaranteed against the actions of the Legislatures, the
to a person’s reputation. Executive, and any other authorities instituted by the

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government. There can be no law or action that violates Statement 1 is correct: This is an independent
the Fundamental Rights. commission set up by law in 1993. Like the judiciary, the
Statement 2 is correct: Any person can go to court Commission is independent of the government. The
against the violation of the Fundamental Right, if it is of Commission is appointed by the President and includes
social or public interest. It is called Public Interest retired judges, officers and eminent citizens. Yet it does
Litigation (PIL). Under the PIL any citizen or group of not have the burden of deciding court cases. So it can
citizens can approach the Supreme Court or a High Court focus on helping the victims secure their human rights.
for the protection of public interest against a particular These include all the rights granted to the citizens by the
law or action of the government. One can write to the Constitution. For NHRC human rights also include the
judges even on a postcard. The court will take up the rights mentioned in the UN sponsored international
matter if the judges find it in public interest. treaties that India has signed.
Statement 2 is correct: The NHRC cannot by itself
Q.62) Ans: B punish the guilty. That is the responsibility of courts. The
Statement 1 is incorrect: Fundamental Rights granted by NHRC is there to make independent and credible inquiry
the Constitution are not the only rights citizens have. into any case of violation of human rights. It also inquires
Sometimes it leads to expansion in the legal rights that the into any case of abetment of such violation or negligence
citizen can enjoy. From time to time, the courts gave in controlling it by any government officer and takes other
judgments to expand the scope of rights. Certain rights general steps to promote human rights in the country. The
like right to freedom of press, right to information, and Commission presents its findings and recommendations
right to education are derived from the Fundamental to the government or intervene in the court on behalf of
Rights. the victims.
Statement 2 is correct: Fundamental Rights are the
source of all rights. Our Constitution and law offers a Q.65) Ans: C
wider range of rights. Over the years the scope of rights Statement 1 is correct: Begar is a practice where the
has expanded. worker is forced to render service to the ‘master’ free of
charge or at a nominal remuneration. When this practice
Q.63) Ans: B takes place on a life-long basis, it is called the practice of
Statement 1 is incorrect: Human Rights are universal bonded labour.
moral claims that may or may not have been recognised Statement 2 is correct: The Constitution also prohibits
by law. child labour. No one can employ a child below the age of
Statement 2 is correct: International Covenant on fourteen to work in any factory or mine or in any other
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognises many hazardous work, such as railways and ports. Using this as
rights that are not directly a part of the Fundamental a basis many laws have been made to prohibit children
Rights in the Indian Constitution. This has not yet become from working in industries such as beedi making,
an international treaty. But human right activists all over firecrackers and matches, printing and dyeing. But it does
the world see this as a standard of human rights. These not prohibit their employment in any harmless or innocent
include: work.
● right to work: opportunity to everyone to earn
livelihood by working Q.66) Ans: C
● right to safe and healthy working conditions, fair Salvador Allende was then the President of Chile, a
wages that can provide decent standard of living for country in South America. On 11 September 1973, his
the workers and their families government was overthrown by the military.
● right to adequate standard of living including Option a is correct. Allende was the founder leader of
adequate food, clothing and housing the Socialist Party of Chile and led the Popular Unity
● right to social security and insurance coalition to victory in the presidential election in 1970.
● right to health: medical care during illness, special Option b is correct. After being elected the President,
care for women during childbirth and prevention of Allende had taken several policy decisions to help the
epidemics poor and the workers. These included reform of the
● right to education: free and compulsory primary educational system, free milk for children and
education, equal access to higher education. redistribution of land to the landless farmers.
Q.64) Ans: D

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Option c is incorrect. He was opposed to foreign Democracy in Poland in 1980S

companies taking away natural resources like copper Option a is correct. At that time Poland was ruled by the
from the country. Polish United Workers’ Party. This was one of the many
Option d is correct. The landlords, the rich and the communist parties that ruled in several countries of East
Church opposed his policies. Some other political parties Europe at that time. In these countries no other political
in Chile also opposed his government. party was allowed to function.
Option b is incorrect. The government in Poland was
Q.67) Ans: D supported and controlled by the government of the Soviet
Statement 1 is incorrectly matched. Allende was the Union (USSR), a vast and powerful communist state.
founder leader of the Socialist Party of Chile and led the Option c and d is correct. This strike was illegal,
Popular Unity coalition to victory in the presidential because trade unions independent of the ruling party were
election in 1970. not allowed in Poland.
Statement 2 is incorrectly matched. On 11 September
1973 was a military coup in Chile. General Augusto Q.71) Ans: A
Pinochet, an Army general, led the coup. The government Two features of Democracy
of the United States of America was unhappy with Chile was of a democratic government led by Allende
Allende’s rule and is known to have supported and funded being replaced by a nondemocratic military government
activities that led to the coup. Pinochet became the of Pinochet, followed by restoration of democracy. In
President of the country and ruled it for the next 17 years. Poland we tracked the transition from a non-democratic
Thus, a military dictatorship was established in Chile. government to a democratic government.
Statement 1 is correct. Chile was ruled by a military
Q.68) Ans: D dictator, while Poland was ruled by a political party.
Statement 1 is incorrect. On 11 September 1973 was a Statement 2 is incorrect. The government of Poland
military coup in Chile. General Augusto Pinochet , an claimed that it was ruling on behalf of the working
Army general, led the coup. Thus a military dictatorship classes. Pinochet made no such claim and openly
was established in Chile. Pinochet’s government tortured favoured big capitalists.
and killed several of those who supported Allende and
those who wanted democracy to be restored. These Q.72) Ans: C
included General Alberto Bachelet of the Chilean Air Democracy is a form of government that allows people to
Force and many other officers who refused to join the choose their rulers. In a democracy:
coup. General Bachelet’s wife and daughter were put in • Statement 1 is correct. only leaders elected by
prison and tortured. More than 3,000 people were killed people should rule the country, and
by the Military. • Statement 2 is correct. people have the freedom to
Statement 2 is incorrect. Michelle Bachelet (pronounced express views, freedom to organise and freedom to
Mishel Bashelet), was elected President of Chile in protest.
January 2006. A medical doctor and a moderate socialist,
Michelle became the first woman to be a Defence Q.73) Ans: B
Minister in Latin America. Throughout the nineteenth century, democracy in France
was overthrown and restored several times. Yet the
Q.69) Ans: C French Revolution inspired many struggles for
Democracy in Poland in 1980S democracy all over Europe.
Statement 1 is incorrect. At that time Poland was ruled Statement 1 is incorrect and 2 is correct. In Britain, the
by the Polish United Workers’ Party. This was one of the progress towards democracy started much before the
many communist parties that ruled in several countries of French Revolution. But the progress was very slow.
East Europe at that time. In these countries no other
political party was allowed to function. Q.74) Ans: C
Statement 2 is incorrect. The people could not freely
choose the leaders of the communist party or the
government. Those who spoke against the leaders or the
party or the government were put in prison.
Q.70) Ans: B

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In the nineteenth century struggle for democracy often Statement 1 is correct. World Bank member states do
centred round political equality, freedom and justice. One not have equal voting rights. The vote of each country is
major demand was the right for every adult citizen to vote. weighed by how much money it has contributed.
Many European countries that were becoming more Statement 2 is incorrect. The President of the World
democratic did not initially allow all people to vote. In Bank has always been a citizen of the US, conventionally
some countries only people owning property had the right nominated by the Treasury Secretary (Finance Minister)
to vote. Often women did not have the right to vote. In the of the US government.
United States of America, the blacks all over the country
could not exercise the right to vote until 1965. Those Q.77) Ans: D
struggling for democracy wanted this right granted Statement 1 is incorrect. Iraq is a country in Western
universally to all adults — men or women, rich or poor, Asia. It became independent from British rule in 1932.
white or black. This is called ‘universal adult franchise’ Statement 2 is incorrect. Saddam Hussein, a leading
or ‘universal suffrage’. The box here tells us when Ba’th party leader, played a key role in the 1968 coup that
universal suffrage was granted in many countries of the brought the party to power. This government abolished
world. traditional Islamic law and gave women the right to vote
and several freedoms not granted in other west Asian
countries. After becoming the president of Iraq in 1979,
Saddam ran a dictatorial government and suppressed any
dissent or opposition to his rule. He was known to have
got a number of political opponents killed and persons of
ethnic minorities massacred.
Q.78) Ans: B
The case of Ghana, a country in Western Africa,
illustrates the more common experience of former
colonies. Ghana used to be a British colony named
Gold Coast. It became independent in 1957. It was
among the first countries in Africa to gain independence.
Pinochet’s military dictatorship came to an end after
he decided to hold a referendum in 1988. He felt
confident that in this referendum, the people would say
‘yes’ to his continuing in power. But the people of Chile
had not forgotten their democratic traditions. Political
freedom was restored. Since then Chile has held four
presidential elections in which different political parties
have participated. Slowly, the army’s role in the country’s
government has been eliminated.
Poland, in 1980s was ruled by the Polish United
Workers’ Party. This was one of the many communist
Q.75) Ans: B parties that ruled in several countries of East Europe at
Statement 1 is correct. The UN Security Council, an that time. In these countries no other political party was
organ of the UN, is responsible for maintaining peace and allowed to function. The people could not freely choose
security among countries. It can put together an the leaders of the communist party or the government. In
international army and take action against the wrongdoer. October 1990, Poland had its first presidential elections
Statement 2 is incorrect. The fifteen-member Security in which more than one party could contest. Walesa
Council of the UN takes such crucial decisions. The was elected President of Poland.
Council has five permanent members – US, Russia, UK, In 1990s in Nepal, the king gave up many of his powers
France and China. And Ten non-permanent members. to become a constitutional monarch to be guided by
Statement 3 is incorrect. Ten other members are elected elected leaders.
by the General Assembly for two-year terms.
Q.79) Ans: D
Q.76) Ans: B

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Option d is correct. There are many institutions at The Statement 1 is correct. Public protests and
world level that perform some of the functions that a demonstrations against the government were declared
world government would perform. But we need to know illegal. There was a law that limited the right to criticize
just how democratic these organisations are. The the President.
yardstick here is whether each of the countries has free
and equal say in the decisions that affect them. In this Q.84) Ans: D
light let us examine the organisation of some of these Democracy is a form of government in which:
world bodies. Option a is correct. Rulers elected by the people take all
the major decisions;
Q.80) Ans: C Option b is correct. Elections offer a choice and fair
Statement 1 is incorrect. In China, elections are opportunity to the people to change the current rulers.
regularly held after every five years for electing the Option c is correct. This choice and opportunity is
country’s parliament, called Quanguo Renmin Daibiao available to all the people on an equal basis.
Dahui (National People’s Congress). The National Option d is incorrect. The exercise of this choice leads
People’s Congress has the power to appoint the President to a government limited by basic rules of the constitution
of the country. It has nearly 3,000 members elected from and citizens’ rights.
all over China.
Statement 3 is correct. Some members are elected by the Q.85) Ans: A
army. Statement 1 is correct. Democracy provides a method to
Statement 2 is correct. Before contesting the Election, a deal with differences and conflicts. The conflict can be
candidates needs to be approval of Chinese Communist solved by brutal power. Whichever group is more
Party. The Government always form by the Communist powerful will dictate its terms and others will have to
Party. accept that. But that would lead to resentment and
unhappiness. Different groups may not be able to live
Q.81) Ans: B together for long in such a way. Democracy provides the
Statement 2 is correct. Since its independence in 1930, only peaceful solution to this problem. In democracy, no
Mexico holds elections after every six years to elect its one is a permanent winner. No one is a permanent loser.
President. Different groups can live with one another peacefully.
Statement 1 is incorrect. The country has never been Statement 2 is correct. Democracy is better than any
under a military or dictator’s rule. other form of government in responding to the needs of
the people. A nondemocratic government may and can
Q.82) Ans: C respond to the people’s needs, but it all depends on the
Statement 1 is correct. A democracy must be based on a wishes of the people who rule. If the rulers don’t want to,
free and fair election where those currently in power have they don’t have to act according to the wishes of the
a fair chance of losing. people. A democracy requires that the rulers have to
Statement 2 is correct. Democracy is based on a attend to the needs of the people. A democratic
fundamental principle of political equality. each adult government is a better government because it is a more
citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one accountable form of government.
value. Statement 3 is incorrect. There is no guarantee that
mistakes cannot be made in democracy. No form of
Q.83) Ans: D government can guarantee that. The advantage in a
Statement 2 is incorrect. Zimbabwe attained democracy is that such mistakes cannot be hidden for
independence from White minority rule in 1980. Its long. There is a space for public discussion on these
leader, Robert Mugabe, ruled the country since mistakes. And there is a room for correction.
independence. Elections were held regularly and always
won by ZANU-PF. President Mugabe was popular but Q.86) Ans: C
also used unfair practices in elections. Over the years his Since 1950, the blacks, coloured And Indians fought
government changed the constitution several times to against the apartheid system. They launched protest
increase the powers of the President and make him less marches and strikes.
accountable. Opposition party workers were harassed Statement 1 is correct. The African National Congress
and their meeting disrupted. (ANC) was the umbrella organisation that led the struggle

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against the policies of segregation. This included many Q. 90) Ans: B

workers’ unions and the Communist Party. As far back as in 1928, Motilal Nehru and eight other
Statement 2 is correct. Many sensitive whites also joined Congress leaders drafted a constitution for India. In
the ANC to oppose apartheid and played a leading role in 1931, the resolution at the Karachi session of the Indian
this struggle. Several countries denounced apartheid as National Congress dwelt on how independent India’s
unjust and racist. constitution should look like.
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891-1956) Maharashtra.
Q.87) Ans: D Chairman of the Drafting Committee. Social
The constitution of a country Is a set of written rules that revolutionary thinker and agitator against caste divisions
are accepted by all people living together in a country. and caste-based inequalities. Later: Law Minister in the
Constitution is the supreme law that determines the first cabinet of post-independence India. Founder of
relationship among people living in a territory (called Republican Party of India.
citizens) and also the relationship between the people and Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963) born: Bihar. President
government. A constitution does many things: of the Constituent Assembly. Lawyer, known for his
Statement 1 is correct. First, it generates a degree of trust role in the Champaran Satyagraha. Three times the
and coordination that is necessary for different kind of president of Congress. Later: the first President of India.
people to live together; Sarojini Naidu was the member of the Constitution
Statement 2 is correct. Second, it specifies how the Assembly. Among nine women members she was the
government will be constituted, who will have power to one.
take which decisions;
Statement 3 is correct. Third, it lays down limits on the Q.91) Ans: C
powers of the government and tells us what the rights of Statement 1 is incorrect. As far back as in 1928, Motilal
the citizens are; and Nehru and eight other Congress leaders drafted a
Fourth, it expresses the aspirations of the people about constitution for India.
creating a good society. Statement 2 is correct. In 1931, the resolution at the
Karachi session of the Indian National Congress dwelt on
Q.88) Ans: B how independent India’s constitution should look like.
The constitution of a country Is a set of written rules that Statement 3 is correct. Both these documents were
are accepted by all people living together in a country. committed to the inclusion of universal adult franchise,
Constitution is the supreme law that determines the right to freedom and equality and to protecting the rights
relationship among people living in a territory (called of minorities in the constitution of independent India.
citizens) and also the relationship between the people and Thus some basic values were accepted by all leaders much
government. before the Constituent Assembly met to deliberate on the
Statement 1 is incorrect. All countries that have Constitution.
constitutions are not necessarily democratic.
Statement 2 is correct. But all countries that are Q.92) Ans: B
democratic will have constitutions. Pair 1 is correct. Sovereign: People have supreme right
to makeDecisions on internal as well as external matters.
Q.89) Ans: C No external Power can dictate the government of India.
Statement 1 is incorrect and 3 is correct. G. Durgabai Pair 2 is correct. Democratic: A form of government
Deshmukh (1909-1981) Andhra Pradesh. Advocate and where people enjoy Equal political rights, elect their
public activist for women’s emancipation. Founder of rulers and hold them accountable. The government is run
Andhra Mahila Sabha. Congress leader. Later Founder according to some basic rules.
Chairperson of Central Social Welfare Board. Pair 3 is incorrect. Liberty: There are no unreasonable
T T.Krishnamachari (1899-1974)Tamil Nadu. Member, restrictions on the citizens in what they think, how they
Drafting Committee. Entrepreneur and Congress leader. wish to express their thoughts and the way they wish to
Later: Finance Minister in the Union Cabinet. follow up their thoughts in action. Means reasonable
Statement 2 is correct. Kanhaiyalal Manikhal Munshi restrictions are allowed.
(1887-1971) Gujarat. Advocate, historian and linguist. Pair 4 is correct. Republic: The head of the state is an
Congress leader and Gandhian. Later: Minister in the elected person and not a hereditary position.
Union Cabinet. Founder of the Swatantra Party.

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Q.93) Ans: C Statement 3 is correct. The choice should be offered at

List of the minimum conditions of a democratic election: regular intervals. Elections must be held regularly after
Statement 1 is correct. Everyone should be able to every few years.
choose. This means that everyone should have one vote Statement 4 is incorrect. The candidate preferred by the
and every vote should have equal value. people should get elected.
Statement 2 is correct. There should be something to Elections should be conducted in a free and fair manner
choose from. Parties and candidates should be free to where people can choose as they really wish.
contest elections and should offer some real choice to the
voters.
Q.94) Ans: B
In our country elections are conducted by an independent

Q.95) Ans: B and very powerful Election Commission (EC). It has

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wide-ranging powers as the Election Commission of In India such a national assembly of elected
India. representatives is called Parliament. It exercises political
EC takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control authority on behalf of the people in many ways:
of elections from the announcement of elections to the Statement 1 is correct. Parliament is the final authority
declaration of results. for making laws in any country. This task of law making
Statement 1 is incorrect. It implements the Code of or legislation is so crucial that these assemblies are called
Conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates legislatures. Parliaments all over the world can make new
it. laws, change existing laws, or abolish existing laws and
Statement 2 is correct. During the election period, the make new ones in their place.
EC can order the government to follow some guidelines, Statement 2 is correct. Parliaments all over the world
to prevent use and misuse of governmental power to exercise some control over those who run the
enhance its chances to win elections, or to transfer some government. In some countries like India this control is
government officials. direct and full. Those who run the government can take
Statement 3 is correct. When on election duty, decisions only so long as they enjoy support of the
government officers work under the control of the EC and Parliament.
not the government. Statement 3 is correct. Parliaments control all the money
that governments have. In most countries any the public
Q.96) Ans: D money can be spent only when the Parliament sanctions
Limitations and challenges of Indian elections it.
Statement 1 is correct. Candidates and parties with a lot
of money may not be sure of their victory but they do Q.99) Ans: D
enjoy a big and unfair advantage over smaller parties and This international covenant recognises many rights that
independents. are not directly a par t of the Fundamental Rights in the
Statement 2 is correct. In some parts of the country, Indian Constitution. This has not yet become an
candidates with criminal connection have been able to international treaty. But human right activists all over the
push others out of the electoral race and to secure a world see this as a standard of human rights. These
‘ticket’ from major parties. include:
Statement 3 is correct. Some families tend to dominate • Right to work: opportunity to everyone to earn
political parties; tickets are distributed to relatives from livelihood by working
these families. • Statement 1 is correct. Right to safe and healthy
Statement 4 is correct. Very often elections offer little working conditions, fair wages that can provide
choice to ordinary citizens, for both the major parties are decent standard of living for the workers and their
quite. families
• Statement 2 is correct. Right to adequate standard of
Q.97) Ans: D living including adequate food, clothing and housing
Statement 1 is incorrect. The Government of India had right to social security and insurance.
appointed the Second Backward Classes Commission in • Statement 3 is correct. Right to health: medial care
1979. It was headed by B.P. Mandal. Hence it was during illness, special care for women during
popularly called the Mandal Commission. childbirth and prevention of epidemics.
Statement 2 is incorrect. It was asked to determine the • Right to education: free and compulsory primary
criteria to identify the socially and educationally education, equal access to higher education.
backward classes in India and recommend steps to be
taken for their advancement. The Commission gave its Q.100) Ans: C
Report in 1980 and made many recommendations. One of National Human Rights Commission
these was that 27 per cent of government jobs be reserved Statement 1 is incorrect. This is an independent
for the socially and economically backward classes. The commission set up by law in 1993.
Report and recommendations were discussed in the Statement 2 is correct. Like judiciary, the Commission
Parliament. is independent of the government.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The Commission is appointed
Q.98) Ans: D by the President and includes retired judges, officers and
eminent citizens.

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Yet it does not have the burden of deciding court cases.

So it can focus on helping the victims secure their human
rights. These include all the rights granted to the citizens
by the Constitution. For NHRC human rights also include
the rights mentioned in the UN sponsored international
treaties that India has signed.

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3. Armenia 1. Democracy is based on a fundamental principle of

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d) None of the above a) 1 only

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Q.24) Which of the following statements written about a) 1 only

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a) 1, 4 only d) None of the above

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b) 2 only 1. One is free to criticise the government and incite

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Choose the correct code from the following:

Q.99) Which of the following rights recognized by

Choose the correct code from the below:

Q.100) Consider the following statements about human

Which of the above statement is /are correct?

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Q.1) Ans: C Q.4) Ans: D

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Q.17) Ans: B Q.21) Ans: C

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Q.29) Ans: C Q.33) Ans: A

Q.31) Ans: A Q.34) Ans: B

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Q.46) Ans: B Q.51) Ans: C

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Statement 1 is incorrect: Rule of law is the foundation Q.57) Ans: D

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Option c is incorrect. He was opposed to foreign Democracy in Poland in 1980S

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against the policies of segregation. This included many Q. 90) Ans: B

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Q.93) Ans: C Statement 3 is correct. The choice should be offered at

In our country elections are conducted by an independent

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Yet it does not have the burden of deciding court cases.

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