Method Statement PDA Test 06012015

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METHOD Statement

Dynamic Testing using


Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA)

Submitted to:
Value Costumer

Submitted by:
PT Multi AGEOTESCON
Kompleks Perkantoran Vila Delima No. 7
Jl. Karang Tengah Raya Kav. 9
Lebak Bulus, Jakarta 12440
T. 7698069,7698070, F. 7691866
To:
Value Costumer

Subject: Pile Dynamic Testing using


Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA)

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am pleased to submit the Proposal of Dynamic Testing using Pile Driving Analyzer
(PDA) manufactured by Pile Dynamics Inc. Ohio, USA.
In 1973, Prof. G. G. Goble, the principal investigator of the original research which
started 1964 at Case Institute of Technology, USA, founded Pile Dynamics Inc. which
manufactures and developers hardware and software to improve pile design, installation
and construction control methods. Dynamic testing of pile recently has been recognized
by the American Society for Testing and Materials in ASTM D-4945.
Dr. Zacheus Indrawan and Ir. Ben Usagani, the founder of PT Multi AGEOTESCON
introduced dynamic testing in Indonesia in 1990. We are specialist and independently
company, with a highly ethical corporate culture.
Since 1990, we have tested more than 8500 piles at more than 2800 project
throughout Indonesia.
Please do not hesitate to contact us if you or your client requires further
explanation about this proposal.
Finally, we would like express our gratitude for opportunity gave us offer our
service to you in this project.

Sincerely yours,

Ir. Jopie Tuhumury


Operational Director
Hp. 0811928960 / 0811811154
I. PURPOSE OF TESTING I. TUJUAN PENGUJIAN

The purpose of pile dynamic testing using Tujuan pengujian tiang dengan Pile Driving
Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) is to obtain Analyzer (PDA) adalah untuk mendapatkan
data about: data tentang:

1. Axial pile capacity. 1. Daya dukung aksial tiang.


2. Pile integrity. 2. Keutuhan/integritas tiang.
3. Hammer Performance (for driven pile 3. Kinerja Hammer (untuk tiang pancang)
only)
Jenis fondasi tiang yang dapat diuji dengan
The type of pile foundation that can be ‘PDA’ tidak terbatas pada tiang pancang
tested dynamically using ‘PDA’ is not saja. ‘PDA’ juga dapat digunakan untuk
limited to driven-pile only. ‘PDA’ is equally tiang yang dicor di tempat seperti tiang bor,
applicable to cast-in-situ pile such as bored tiang tekan dan jenis fondasi tiang lainnya
pile, jacking pile and other type of piled (lihat Lampiran A).
foundation (see Appendix A).
I.1. Daya Dukung Aksial Tiang
I.1. Axial Pile Capacity
Penentuan daya dukung aksial tiang
Determination of axial pile capacity is didasarkan pada karakteristik dari pantulan
based on characteristics of reflection wave gelombang yang diberikan oleh reaksi
given by the soil reaction (shaft friction and tanah (lengketan dan tahanan ujung).
end-bearing).
Korelasi yang baik antara daya dukung
The correlation between the pile capacity tiang yang diberikan dari hasil ‘PDA’ dengan
estimated from ‘PDA’ result and cara statis yang konvensional telah diakui,
conventional static is well recognized which yang membawa pada pengakuan ‘PDA’
leads to its acceptance as an approved sebagai metode yang sah dalam ASTM
method of pile testing in ASTM D-4945. D-4945.

It should be noted, however, that the Meski demikian, harus dicatat korelasi yang
correlation shown in graph are based on ditunjukkan dalam grafik didasarkan pada
test results when the ultimate pile capacity hasil pengujian jika daya dukung batas
are reached by both ‘PDA’ test and by (ultimate) dicapai baik dengan ‘PDA’
conventional static load test. maupun dengan pengujian statis yang
konvensional.

I.2. Pile Integrity I.2. Keutuhan Tiang

Damages on pile foundation are due to Kerusakan pada fondasi tiang dapat terjadi
several factors, e.g. during lifting of the karena beberapa hal antara lain pada saat
piles or during driving for driven pile. For pengangkatan tiang atau selama
bored pile, 'necking' and soil inclusion are pemancangan tiang. Untuk tiang bor,
the most commonly encountered defects. pengecilan penampang dan longsornya
These damages can be tanah adalah kerusakan yang paling umum
These damages can be detected using dijumpai. Kerusakan ini dapat dideteksi
‘PDA’. dengan ‘PDA’.

Based on the recorded ‘F’ (force) and ‘V’ Berdasarkan ‘F’ (gaya) dan ‘V’ (kecepatan)
(velocity) of the waves during its yang terekam dari gelombang selama
propagation along the pile, the location of perambatannya sepanjang tiang, lokasi
damage can be detected and remaining dari kerusakan dapat dideteksi dan luas
cross sectional area of the pile can be penampang sisa dari tiang dapat
estimated. diperkirakan.

If only the assessment on the pile integrity Jika hanya keutuhan tiang saja yang
is required, a sub-system of ’PDA’ called dibutuhkan, sebuah sub-sistem dari ‘PDA’
‘PIT’ (Pile Integrity tester) may be used yang disebut ‘Pile Integrity tester’ lebih
instead of ‘PDA’. ekonomis untuk digukan dari pada ‘PDA’.

I.3.Hammer Performance I.3.Kinerja Hammer

‘PDA’ measures the actual driving energy ‘PDA’ mengukur enerji pemancangan
transferred during testing, since ram aktual yang ditransfer selama pengujian.
weight and ram stroke are known, the Karena berat palu pancang dan tinggi jatuh
transferred efficiency can be calculated. palu pancang dapat diketahui, maka
Drop hammer for ‘PDA’ used is 14ton. efisiensi enerji yang ditransfer dapat
dihitung. Pada pengujian PDA berat drop
hammer yang digunakan adalah 14ton.

II. EQUIPMENTS II. PERALATAN

The equipment for ‘PDA‘ testing consists Peralatan untuk pengujian ‘PDA’ terdiri
of: dari:
1. Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA), 1. Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA),
PAK/PAL/PAX model. PAK/PAL/PAX model.
2. Two (2) strain transducers. 2. Dua (2) strain transducer.
3. Two (2) accelerometers. 3. Dua (2) accelerometer.
4. Connection cable. 4. Kabel penghubung

Peralatan dapat dimasukkan dalam kotak


The equipments are contained in strong perjalanan yang cukup kuat. Setiap set
transit cases. Each set of ‘PDA’ and ‘PDA’ dan perlengkapannya membutuhkan
accessories requires one or two cases, satu atau dua kotak yaitu berukuran sekitar
size:600mmx500mmx400mm; weight 600mmx500mmx400mm: dengan berat
approximately 30kg. sekitar 30kg.
III. TESTING PROCEDURES III. PROSEDUR PENGUJIAN

III.1.Background III.1.Latar Belakang

Dynamic testing of pile based on the Pengujian dinamis tiang didasarkan pada
analysis of the one dimensional waves analisis gelombang satu dimensi yang
generated when the pile was hit by a terjadi ketika tiang dipukul oleh palu.
hammer.
Regangan dan percepatan selama
Strain and accelerometer during testing pengujian diukur menggunakan strain
are measured using strain transducer and transducer dan accelerometer. Dua buah
accelerometer. Two strain transducers strain transducer dan dua buah
and two accelerometers are attached at accelerometer dipasang pada bagian atas
the upper part of the tested piles dari tiang yang diuji (kira-kira > diameter
(minimum > diameter from pile top). dari kepala tiang).

Installation of two instruments for each Pemasangan kedua instrumen pada setiap
measurement was intended to ensure pengukuran dimaksudkan untuk menjamin
good records and as an additional hasil rekaman yang baik dan pengukuran
measure in case one of the instruments is tambahan jika salah satu instrumen tidak
not working properly. bekerja dengan baik.

The measurements are recorded by ‘PDA’ Pengukuran direkamoleh ‘PDA’ dan


and analyzed with the well known ‘Case dianalisis dengan ‘Case Method’ yang
Method’, based on one dimensional wave sudah umum dikenal, berdasarkan teori
theory. Background the theoretical of gelombang satu dimensi.
dynamic testing.

III.2.Installation of Instruments III.2.Pemasangan Instrumen

Dynamic testing was executed to estimate Pengujian dinamis dilaksanakan untuk


the axial pile capacity of the piles. memperkirakan daya dukung aksial tiang.

Therefore, the installation of instruments Karena itu, pemasangan instrumen


is such that the effects of ‘bending’ during dilakukan sedemikian rupa sehingga
driving may be eliminated as much as pengaruh lentur selama pengujian dapat
possible. dihilangkan sebanyak mungkin.

This requires: Untuk itu harus dilakukan adalah:


1. Strain transducers should be installed at 1. Strain transducer harus dipasang pada
the neutral axis and accelerometers are garis netral dan accelerometer pada
attached at diametrically opposite lokasi berlawanan secara diametral.
location. 2. Posisi dari ‘alat impact’ harus tegak lurus
2. The position of ‘impact tool’ should be terhadap garis strain transducer.
perpendicular to strain transducers line.
III.3.Testing Preparation III.3.Persiapan Pengujian

Preparation works before testing consists Persiapan pengujian terdiri dari:


of: 1. Apabila hammer disiapkan sendiri oleh
1. If the hammer is provided by PT. Rezki PT. Rezki Curah Prima, maka perlu
Curah Prima, the minimum hammer disediakan hammer dengan berat
weight should be 1% of the required minimal 1% dari kapasitas ultimate tiang
ultimate bearing capacity (safety factor (sudah dikalikan dengan Faktor
included). Keamanan) yang ingin dicapai.
2. For Bored pile to be tested must be at 2. Tiang bor yang akan diuji harus berumur
least 21 days after cast-in-situ. minimal 21 hari.
3. Excavation of the ground surface 3. Penggalian tanah permukaan sekeliling
around the pile head (on land). kepala tiang, apabila kepala tiang sama
4. If the pile height measured from the top rata permukaan tanah (di darat).
level to the ground surface is less than 4. Apabila tinggi tiang dari kepala tiang
(2D+50) cm, excavation around the terhadap permukaan tanah leih kecil
pile is needed so that the pile height (2D+50) cm. Maka dilakukan penggalian
measured from the top level to the di sekeliling tiang bor sedalam (2D+50)
excavation bottom level is (2D+50) cm. cm setelah dipotong dan disiapkan
“D” refers to tested pile diameter or tempat dudukan hammer. “D” adalah
breadth. diameter tiang yang diuji.
5. For this project, pile cap (120 x 120 x 50 5. Untuk proyek ini, karena sudah memiliki
cm) need to cut with following diameter pile cap berukuran 1200 x 1200 x 500
of bored pile (100 cm). mm sehingga pile cap perlu dipotong
6. Plywood with thickness of 2-3cm as a mengikuti ukuran tiang bor-1000mm.
cushion for hammer impact. 6. Plywood setebal 2-3cm sebagai cushion
7. Power supply (AC 220Volt, 800Watt). untuk tumbukan hammer.
8. Good coordination in field preparation 7. Listrik atau power supply AC 220Volt,
and the test execution process. 800Watt.
9. Drilling small holes on the pile for 8. Kerjasama dalam persiapan dan
bolting the strain transducers and pengujian.
accelerometers. 9. Pengeboran lubang kecil pada tiang
10. Installation of instruments. untuk pemasangan strain transducer
dan accelerometer.
10. Pemasangan instrumen.

III.4.Required Information III.4.Informasi yang diperlukan

1. Drawing showing the location and 1. Gambar yang menunjukkan lokasi dan
identification of the pile. indentifikasi tiang.
2. Date driven. 2. Tanggal pemancangan.
3. Pile length and cross sectional area. 3. Panjang tiang dan luas penampang tiang
4. Length of penetration. 4. Panjang tiang tertanam.
III.5.Testing Procedures III.5.Prosedur Pengujian

‘PDA’ test is executed according to the Pengujian ‘PDA’ dilaksanakan berdasarkan


procedure stipulated in ASTM D-4945. prosedur yang tercantum dalam ASTM
D-4945.

III.6.Time of Testing III.6.Waktu Pengujian

‘PDA’ test can be carried out during the Pengujian ‘PDA’ dapat dilakukan selama
actual installation of a pile to monitor the pemancangan untuk memonitori
development of pile capacity as the pile perkembangan daya dukung tiang sejalan
penetrates deeper, the performance of the dengan tiang masuk makin dalam, kinerja
driving system or monitoring the extreme dari system pemancangan atau memonitor
driving stresses. tegangan pada saat pemancangan yang
ekstrim.
‘PDA’ test can also be carried out at a later
date after the pile driven. The purpose of Tetapi umumnya ‘PDA’ digunakan untuk
this test is usually to estimate the long mementukan daya dukung jangka panjang
term pile capacity, after driving pore tiang fondasi. Untuk tujuan ini, pengujian
pressure is dissipated. ‘PDA’ sebaiknya dilakukan bebrapa hari
setelah pemancangan, setelah gaya
lengketan tanah mulai bekerja.

III.7.Test Results III.7.Hasil Pengujian

Results for each blow are immediately Hasil pengujian untuk setiap pukulan dapat
displayed on the monitor at operating segera ditampilkan pada layar sampai 120
speeds up to 120 blows per minute. The pukulan per menit. Data secara otomatis
data are automatically stored on hard disk disimpan pada hard disk untuk analisis
for subsequent analysis and report quality selanjutnya dan laporan. Hasil dapat diprint
presentation. untuk presentasi dalam laporan.

IV.CAPWAP ANALYSIS IV.ANALISIS CAPWAP

The ‘PDA’ result can be further evaluated Hasil ‘PDA’ dapat dianalisis lebih lanjut
with CAPWAP program to produce menggunakan program CAPWAP untuk
distribution of soil resistance along the menghasilkan distribusi daya dukung tanah
pile, simulated static loading test and sepanjang tiang, simulasi pengujian
simulated pull-out test. pembebanan statis dan tarik.
V. ADVANTAGES OF ‘PDA’ METHOD V. KELEBIHAN METODE ‘PDA’

1. ’PDA’ provides on-site information to 1. ‘PDA’ memberikan informasi di lapangan


make the crucial decision. untuk membuat keputusan yang
2. ‘PDA’ test checks the pile integrity as mendesak.
well as its pile capacity. Therefore, it 2. Pengujian ‘PDA’ memeriksa keutuhan
gives an important information on the tiang maupun daya dukung. Karena itu
quality of the pile; an information not ‘PDA’ memberikan informasi yang
available from a conventional loading penting mengenai kualitas tiang, suatu
test. informasi yang tidak dapat diperoleh
3. ‘PDA‘testing utilizes the most advanced dari pengujian pembebanan yang
computer technology which enables the konvensional.
test to be done in a very short 3. Pengujian ‘PDA’ menggunakan teknologi
time. ’PDA’ test typically takes 1 hour as komputer yang mutahir sehingga
compared 1 to 2 weeks required for a memungkinkan pengujian dapat
conventional static loading test. dilakukan dalam waktu yang sangat
Therefore, ’PDA’ test is most suitable singkat. Pengujian ‘PDA’ umumnya
for ’fast track’ project. memakan waktu 1 jam jika
4. The ‘portability’ of ‘PDA’ equipment dibandingkan dengan 1 s.d. 2 minggu
made it possible to evaluate the pile yang dibutuhkan untuk pengujian
capacity as the driving progresses. pembebanan statis yang konvensional.
Karena itu, ‘PDA’ adalah yang paling
cocok untuk proyek-proyek yang cepat.
4. Portabilitas peralatan ‘PDA’
memungkinkannya untuk mengevaluasi
daya dukung tiang selama proses
pemancangan.
VI.APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC VI.PENGGUNAAN PENGUJIAN
TESTING IN INDONESIA DINAMIS DI INDONESIA

Our company introduced this Perusahaan kami telah memperkenalkan


state-of-the-art of pile testing to pengujian mutahir ini di Indonesia pada
Indonesia in 1990. Since then we have awal tahun 1990. Sejak itu telah diuji lebih
tested more than 8500 piles at more than dari 8500 tiang pada lebih dari 2800 proyek
2800 project throughout Indonesia. The di seluruh Indonesia. Pengalaman yang
experiences gained in testing so many diperoleh dalam pengujian demikian
different types of piles on a complete banyak jenis tiang pada kondisi tanah di
range of Indonesian soils have given us Indonesia begitu bervariasi memberikan
confidence to offer our services to pada kami keyakinan untuk menawarkan
international projects, jetty facilities, pelayanan kami pada klien mancanegara
bridges, high rise building etc., from Aceh yang terlibat dalam proyek fasilitas jetty,
to Papua. Our engineers more than 18 jembatan, gedung pencakar langit dll di
years experience in this job, making Indonesia dari Aceh samapai Papua.
minimize mistake the data and analysis. Pengalaman engineer kami lebih dari 18
tahun, dapat meminimalkan kesalahan
dalam mengambil data dan menganalisis.

PT Multi AGEOTESCON

Ir. Jopie Tuhumury


Operational Director
Hp. 0811928960 / 0811811154
Figure 1. PDA Instruments and accessories support
Gambar 1. PDA instrumen dan asesoris pendukung
Figure 2. Typical arrangement for attaching instruments to several type of piles
Figure 2. Tipikal persiapan pemasangan instrumenr pada beberapa jenis tiang
From: F.Rausche, G.G.Goble, G.E.Likins, ‘Dynamic Determination of Pile Capacity’
Journal of geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 111, No. 3, march, 1985, pp 367-383.

Figure 3. Comparison between PDA Test and Static Load Test results
Gambar 3. Perbandingan antara hasil PDA Test dan Statis Load Test
PT MULTI AGEOTESCON PILE DRIVING ANALYZER ®
TANGKI LPG 4X5000 m^3 Version 2002.094
PDA OP: ES V140-K4
SQUARE-400MM;MH-45;22/10/04
BN 3
12/1/2004 9:21:57 AM
500 3.58 RMX 227 tn
tn m/s FMX 338 tn
CTN 0 tn
F V EMX 2.93 tn-m
DMX 13 mm
DFN 3 mm
BTA 100.0 (%)
STK 2.0 m
BPM 46.1 bpm

LE 28.5 m
AR 1600.00 cm^2
102.4ms EM 306 t/cm2
16.29 ms SP 2.45 t/m3
WS 3500.0 m/s
500 500 EA/C 139.7 tn-s/m
tn tn LP 28.0 m
WD WU

102.4ms

CODE REMARK #V140-K4


BN Blow number 3
RMX Pile capacity [ton] 227
FMX Maximum compressive force [ton] 338
CTN Maximum tension force [ton] 0
EMX Maximum transferred energy [tonm] 2.93
DMX Maximum displacement [mm] 13
DFN Permanent displacement [mm] 3
BTA Pile integrity value [%] 100
STK Ram stroke [m] 2
BPM Blow per minute 46.1
LE Length below instruments [m] 28.5
LP Length of penetration during testing [m] 28
AR Cross sectional area [cm²] 1600

Figure 4. PDA Test results


Gambar 4. Hasil pengujian PDA
TANGKI LPG 4x5000 m^3; Pile: V140-K4; SQUARE-400MM;MH-45;22/10/04; BN: 3 (Test: 01-Dec-2004) 02-Dec-2004
PT MULTI AGEOTESCON CAPWAP® Ver. 2000-1

500.00 tons 500.00 tons


Force M sd For. M sd
Force Cpt Vel. M sd

250.00 250.00

4 74 ms 4 74 ms
0.00 0.00
6 L/c 6 L/c

-250.00 -250.00

20
Load (tons)
0.00 70.00 140.00 210.00 280.00 Shaft Resistance
0.00 Distribution
15
Pile T op
Bottom
10

to n s /m
5.00 Ru = 236.1 tons 5
Rs = 191.5 tons
Rb = 44.6 tons

Gambar 5. Hasil Analisa CAPWAP


Dy = 14.9 mm 0

Figure 5. CAPWAP Analysis results


Dm x = 15.0 mm
Pile Forces
10.00
at Ru
70

D is p la c e m e n t (m m )
140
to n s

15.00
210

280
20.00
APPENDIX A – LAMPIRAN A

PDA Testing for Bored Piles - Pengujian Tiang Bor dengan ‘PDA’

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