Grade-12 Physics Definition
Grade-12 Physics Definition
Grade-12 Physics Definition
G-12 Physics
Chapter (1): Rational Motion
1 mark
Def (1) Difference between circular motion and rotational motion
Circular motion Rotational motion
(1) In a circular motion, the object just (1) In rotational motion, the object rotates
moves in a circle. about an axis.
(2) For example, (2) For example,
(i) artificial satellites going around the earth (i) rotation of earth about its own axis
at a constant height which creates the cycle of day and night
(ii) motion of the blades of a fan
(iii) motion of a Ferris wheel in an
amusement park
2 marks
Review Exercise (pg – 3)
(1) Under what condition the angular acceleration of a rotating object is equal to zero?
Answer
The angular acceleration of a rotating object is equal to zero under the angular
velocity of a rotation object is constant.
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Def (6) Difference (or) Comparison between centripetal and centrifugal force
Centripetal force Centrifugal force
(1) Centripetal force is the force acting on (1) Centrifugal force in a circular motion is
an object in circular motion which is not real force, it acts radially away from the
directed towards the axis of rotation or center of the circle. It results from the
center of curvature. effect of inertia.
(2) If a car is travelling through a horizontal (2) When a car in motion takes a sudden
road, the centripetal force provided by the turn in a curved path, passengers in the car
force of friction between the tires of the experience an outward push. This is due to
vehicle and the road surface allows the car the centrifugal force acting on passenger.
to negotiate the turn.
(3) A satellite orbiting a planet is supported (3) Removing the excess water by spin
by the centripetal force. drying clothes in a washing machine is with
the help of centrifugal force.
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2 marks
Reviewed Exercise (pg – 20)
(1) When a skater forms a circle, he has no lean inwards. Explain with a force diagram.
Answer
A centripetal force is force that is necessary to keep the skater in a circular motion.
The centripetal force is always acting towards the center of the radius of curvature.
Fc = FN cos θ
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Chapter (3)
Fluid Dynamics
1 mark
Def (1) What is fluid?
A substance offers no permanent resistance to deforming forces.
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Def (25) What are the factors upon which the drag force acting upon a small sphere of
radius moving down through a liquid depends?
The drag force depends upon the velocity of an object in a fluid.
The other factors upon which the drag force depends are the shape and size of the
material.
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2Υ cos θ
In symbol, h=
ρgr
Where, h = height of liquid
Υ = surface tension
θ = contact angle
ρ = density of liquid
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8 ms-2), r = radius (m)
2 marks
Reviewed Exercise (pg – 24)
(1) Is motor car bake oil compressible or non-compressible?
Motor car brake oil are non-compressible.
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Chapter (4)
Sources of energy and Environmental Impacts
1 mark
Def (1) Fossil fuels
Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas, are important non-renewable sources of
energy.
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Def (7) The energy transfers which occur in each type of energy resource
(1) Fossil fuels
Chemical energy → thermal energy → kinetic energy → electrical energy
(2) Solar energy
Light & thermal energy → electrical energy
(3) Nuclear
Nuclear energy → thermal energy → kinetic energy → electrical energy
(4) Wind
Kinetic energy → electrical energy
(5) Bio-fuel
Chemical energy → thermal energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy
(6) Hydroelectricity
Gravitational potential energy → kinetic energy → electrical energy
(7) Geothermal
Thermal energy → kinetic energy → electrical energy
(8) Tidal
Kinetic energy → electrical energy
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Def (20) Most conventional hydroelectric plants included most common parts
(1) Dam (raises the water level of the river and controls flow of water)
(2) Turbine (a water turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical
energy)
(3) Generator (connected to the turbine by shafts and converts the mechanical energy
from the turbine to electrical energy)
(4) Transformer
(5) Transmission system (transport electricity from the hydropower station to
consumers)
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