VIKUTSA MIXED SECONDARY SCHOOL

P .O . BOX 67 - 50116, KAMBIRI

END TERM EXAM 2024
312/1

GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS

NAME……………………………………………………. INDEX NO; ……………………

CLASS……………………………………………………… DATE………………………

SIGNATURE: ………………………………………………………..

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Write your name, admission number and class in the spaces provided above.
(b) This paper has two sections: A and B
(c) Answer all the questions in section A
(d) Answer question 6 and any other two questions from section B
(e) All answers must be written in the answer sheets provided.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

SECTION QUESTION MAX SCORE SCORE
A 1–5 25
B 6 25
25
25
TOTAL SCORE
 SECTION A.
Answer all the questions in this section

1. (a) Name two theories that attempts to explain the origin of the earth and the solar system. (2marks)
(b) Identify 3 major components of the atmosphere. (3marks)
2. (a) List down two volcanoes in Kenya. (2marks)
(b) Give 3 characteristics of a composite volcano. (3marks)
3. (a) Define coast. (2marks)
(b) State 3 conditions that favor the growth of coral. (3marks)
4. (i) Name two processes of glaciation. (2marks)
(ii) List three types of moraine. (3marks)
5. (i) What is a cloud? (2marks)
(ii) Name three examples of low clouds. (3 marks)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section.

6. Study the map of Nyeri East Africa 1: 50.000 Kenya and answer the questions that follow.
(a) (i) Convert the scale of the map into a statement scale. (2marks)
(ii) What was the magnetic declination at the time the map was drawn. (1mark)
(b) (i) With evidence from the map, state the function of Nyeri municipality. (4marks)
(ii) Give the adjoining sheet index of Nyeri to the East. (2marks)
(c) Explain 2 ways in which vegetation has influenced settlement in the area covered by the map. (4marks)
(d) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. (5marks)
(e) Draw a cross-section of the area between grid 7460 and 7764 scale 1cm represent 20m.
On the cross-section show
I. Road D449
II. River Ambaki Hani
III. Main track motor
IV. Dry weather road
7. (a) i) What is precipitation? (2 marks)
ii) State three conditions necessary for the formation of fog. (3marks)
(b) i) Apart from orographic rainfall Name two other types of rainfall. (2marks)
ii) Explain how the following factors influence rainfall
(a) Presence of water bodies. (2marks)
(b) Influence of forests. (2marks)
(c) (i) Name three main factors that determine wind movement. (3marks)
(ii) Describe how a sea breeze occurs. (4marks)
(d) (i) What is weather forecasting. (2marks)
(ii) State five reasons why weather forecasting is important. (5marks)

8. (a)(i) Name 3 features formed by folding. (3marks)

(ii) State 4 theories that explain the formation of fold mountains. (4marks)
(iii) State 2 factors that influence folding. (2marks)
(b) Describe the formation of the following folds.
(i) Asymmetrical folds. (4marks)
(ii) Overfold. (4marks)
(c) Explain 4 negative effects of fold mountains to human activities. (8marks)

9. (a) (i) Outline two factors that influence the development of drainage patterns. (2marks)
(ii) Outline five characteristics of a river in its youthful stage. (5marks)
(b) Describe the following process of river erosion. (6marks)
(c) Explain three negative effects of rivers to the human environment. (6marks)
(d) Your class is planning to carry out a field study of a river in its old stage.
(i) State three reasons why it would be necessary to revisit the area of study. (3marks)
(ii) State three activities you would carryout to determine why deposition occurs at this stage. (3marks)
10. (a) (i) Identify 3 types of glaciers. (3marks)
(ii) Give two reasons why there are no ice sheet in Kenya. (4marks)
(b) Explain how the movement of valley glaciers is influenced by the following factors:
I) Temperature changes. (2marks)
II) Gradient of slope. (2marks)
(c) With an aid of a well labeled diagram describe the processes involved in the formation of a corrie
lake or Tarn. (7marks)
(d) (i) Give four factors that can lead to glacial deposition in the lowlands. (4marks)
(ii) Explain 3 positive effects of glaciation in the low land areas. (3marks)

END