Name …………………………………..………………Adm No …………….Class……………….

Index Number……….………………………….. Student’s signature……………………………

312/1
GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 1

TIME: 2 HRS 45MIN

December 2021

BUNAMFAN CLUSTER EXAMINATION 2021

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
312/1
GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 1

TIME: 2 HRS 45MIN

DECEMBER

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Write your name and index number in the spaces provided at the top of the page\
2. Answer all the questions in section A.. In section B answer question 6 and any other two
questions from this section.
3. All answers must be written in the answer booklet provided.
4. This paper consist of 5 printed pages.
5. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no question is missing.

Page 1 of 5
1. a) State how the corriolis force affects the direction of wind. (2 marks)

b) Give three characteristics of cumulonimbus clouds (3 marks)

2. The table below shows the mean monthly rainfall and temperature for station

Months J F M A M J J A S O N D

Mean monthly 15 8 8 13 31 51 51 51 28 25 18 20
rainfall (mm)
Mean monthly -22 -18 -12 -1 4 10 11 11 5 -11 -18 -22
temperature (0C)

Describe the climatic characteristics represented by the mean monthly rainfall and
temperature table station X. (5 marks)

3. a) What is an earthquake (2 marks)

b) Identify the scales used to measure (2 marks)

(i) The intensity of earthquake

(ii) The magnitude of earthquake

4. a) Name two types of boundaries according to the plate tectonic theory (2 marks)

b) Give three effects of the movement of tectonic plates. (3 marks)

5. a) State three conditions that influence the process of solifluction in mass wasting .
(3 marks)

b) Give two negative effects of mass wasting on the physical environment (2 marks)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and ANY OTHER TWO questions from this section.

6. Study the map of kijabe 1;50, 000 (Sheet 134/3) provided and answer the following
questions.

(a) (i) What type of map is the Kijabe (1 mark)

(ii) In which hemisphere is the area covered by the Kijabe Map located? (2 marks)

(iii) Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the Kijabe Map. (2 marks)

Page 2 of 5
 (b) (i) Covert the linear scale of the map into a statement. (2 marks)

(ii) Give six figure grid reference of trigonometrical station 2610. (2 marks)

(c) On the graph paper provided, reduce the area enclosed by Eastings 34 to 40 and
Northings 91 to 97 by a scale factor of 2 (3 marks)

(i) On the new map, accurately mark the following;

(a) All weather road bound surface (1 mark)
(b) Forest guard post (1 mark)
(c) Githoito plantation (1 mark)

(ii) Give the new scale of the reduced map (2 marks)

(d) Describe the vegetation of the area covered by the map (4 marks)

(i) Citing evidence from the map, explain two factors influencing trade in the
area covered by the map (4 marks)

7. a) (i) Identify three features found in the sea floor (3 marks)

(ii) State three sources of ocean salts ( 3 marks)

b) Explain how the following factors may cause horizontal movement of ocean water

(i) Prevailing winds (2 marks)

(ii) The earth’s rotation (2 marks)

c) (i) Identify two cold ocean currents that flows along the west coast of Africa.
(2 marks)

(ii) State four characteristics of the currents defined in b (ii) above. (4 marks)

d) (i) Explain three effects of cold ocean currents to the climate of the adjacent
land. (6 marks)

(ii) You intend to carry out a field study on tides in Mombasa. State the type of
information you would collect. (3 marks)

8. a) Describe the following wind erosion processes

(i) Abrasion (2 marks)

(ii) Deflation (2 marks)

Page 3 of 5
 b) Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.

(i) Name the feature marked A and B (2 marks)

(ii) State four significances of feature A to the human environment (4 marks)

c) Using a well-labelled diagram, explain how the following features are formed.

(i) Canyon (6 marks)

(ii) Zeugen (6 marks)

d) State four characteristics of a barchan (4 marks)

9 a) (i) Define a coastline (2 marks)

(ii) Give three types of a coral reef (3 marks)

b) Using a well labelled diagram describe the formation of the following coastal
landforms.

(i) A Tombolo (6 marks)

(ii) Off-shore bar (6 marks)

Page 4 of 5
 c) (i) Give three factors that determine the size of a wave in the open sea.
(3 marks)

(ii) State three uses of coral reefs (3 marks)

(iii) Students from Mombasa high school carried out a field study along the
coastline of Indian Ocean. Give the reason for carrying the following items
(2 marks)

- Stop watch

- Camera

10. (a) (i) State three characteristics of a maximum thermometer. (3 marks)

(ii) Explain how a maximum thermometer is used to measure temperature

(6 marks)

b) Describe (i) How lake Victoria influences the temperature of the surrounding region.
(4 marks)

(iii) How south east trade wind. Influence temperature at the coast. (2 marks)

c) (i) Explain two ways in which vegetation adapts to climate. (4 marks)

(ii) Describe the characteristics of equatorial climate (6 marks)

Page 5 of 5