Test Gr.10
Test Gr.10
Test Gr.10
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a waterskier pulled horizontally across the water surface.
Fig. 1.1
The mass of the waterskier is 60 kg. The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.
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(c) A boat pulls the waterskier to the right with a horizontal force of 50 N. The waterskier travels
at a constant speed.
(i) Explain, in terms of the horizontal forces acting, why the speed is constant.
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(ii) The horizontal force acting to the right increases from 50 N to 70 N. The sizes of any
other forces are unchanged.
[Total: 8]
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a long cardboard tube, sealed at both ends, which contains many small pieces of
metal.
small
metal tube
pieces
Fig. 2.1
The tube is turned vertically so that the pieces of metal fall from one end to the other.
The temperature of the pieces increases as a result of the fall.
During the fall, the gravitational potential energy of the metal pieces is transferred to other forms
of energy.
(a) State two forms of energy to which the gravitational potential energy is transferred.
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(b) The pieces fall an average distance of 1.2 m during one turn. The total mass of the metal
pieces is 150 g.
(i) Calculate the loss in the gravitational potential energy of the pieces as they fall once.
(ii) A student turns the tube quickly. After the small metal pieces have fallen from one end to
the other 80 times, their temperature has increased by 7.0 °C.
(iii) The student repeats the experiment, turning the tube more slowly.
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[Total: 8]
3 Fig. 3.1 shows a syringe mounted vertically in a block of wood and sealed at one end. A plunger is
free to move inside the syringe.
plunger
syringe
trapped air
wood
sealed end
Fig. 3.1
The air inside the syringe exerts a pressure on the walls of the syringe.
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(b) Explain how the air molecules in the cylinder of the syringe create a pressure.
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(c) A 10 N weight is placed on top of the plunger. The plunger moves down slowly so that the
temperature of the air inside the syringe does not change.
(i) Calculate the pressure of the air in the syringe after the plunger stops moving.
(ii) Calculate the volume of air inside the syringe after the plunger stops moving.
[Total: 8]
glass
prism
P
white red
violet
Q
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(b) The angle of incidence of the white light as it enters the prism is 40° and the angle of refraction
for the red light is 25°.
Calculate the refractive index of the glass for red light. Show your working.
(c) Using Fig. 4.1, state and explain how the refractive index for red light differs from the refractive
index for violet light.
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(d) The source of white light used in Fig. 4.1 produces other types of electromagnetic radiation
as well as visible light.
State the name of the invisible radiation found at P and the invisible radiation found at Q.
[Total: 7]
5 (a) A student connects a battery, thermistor X and resistor Y in parallel, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
I X
Fig. 5.1
Tick two boxes, one to show the correct statement about the potential difference across Y
and the other to show the correct statement about the current in Y.
is less than E
is equal to E
is greater than E.
The current in Y:
is less than I
is equal to I
is greater than I.
[1]
(b) The student connects thermistor X in series with the resistor Y and a battery of e.m.f. 6.0 V, as
shown in Fig. 5.2.
6.0 V
X Y
Fig. 5.2
In this circuit, at room temperature, the resistance of thermistor X is 600 Ω and the current in
thermistor X is 0.0020 A.
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[Total: 8]
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows part of a toy which contains two ring-shaped, permanent magnets. A plastic
rod passes through the centre of both magnets.
top magnet
plastic rod
bottom magnet
N N N
S S S
Fig. 6.1
The top magnet can move up and down freely around the plastic rod.
The magnetic poles on the bottom magnet are shown in Fig. 6.1.
(i) The top magnet floats in the air above the bottom magnet.
On Fig. 6.1, mark the poles on the top magnet and explain why it floats in the air above
the bottom magnet.
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(b) A wire carrying a current passes at right angles through a piece of paper.
Fig. 6.2 shows a cross and circle where the current in the wire passes into the plane of
the paper.
piece of
paper
wire
Fig. 6.2
On Fig. 6.2, sketch three magnetic field lines to show the magnetic field pattern around
the wire.
[Total: 6]
Section B
Answer two questions from this section. Answer in the spaces provided.
7 Fig. 7.1 shows the speed–time graph for a car travelling on a straight horizontal road.
20
16
speed
m/s
12
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
time / s
Fig. 7.1
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(ii) Using Fig. 7.1, calculate the distance travelled by the car during the 24 s of its motion.
(iii) Calculate the average speed of the car during its motion.
(iv) A second car travels at a steady speed. It travels the same distance as the first car in the
24 s of the journey.
On Fig. 7.1, draw the speed–time graph for the second car. [2]
(b) The thinking distance is the distance travelled by a car between the time that a hazard is
seen and the time that the brakes are applied.
The braking distance is the distance travelled while the car slows down to rest.
Table 7.1 shows the thinking and braking distances for an alert driver when the car travels at
different speeds.
Table 7.1
(ii) The time it takes for the driver to react to the hazard is constant at different speeds.
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(iii) State what happens to the thinking distance and the braking distance when the driver is
tired.
[Total: 15]
8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a ripple tank and the crests of the water wave that is produced in it.
rubber
band
crest
water
wooden
bar
Fig. 8.1
The frequency of the water wave is 2.0 Hz and its amplitude is 3.0 mm.
(ii) The height of the wave is measured from the level of the undisturbed surface of the
water. The height of the wave at one point is 0 at time = 0.
On Fig. 8.2, draw a graph to show how the height of the wave at this point varies with
time.
height / mm 4
0
–2
–4
–6
0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
time / s
Fig. 8.2
[2]
Describe how the apparatus shown in Fig. 8.1 is adjusted so that the frequency of the
wave is increased.
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(ii) State what happens to the speed and wavelength of the wave as the frequency increases.
speed ................................................................................................................................
wavelength ........................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) The apparatus shown in Fig. 8.1 can be used to demonstrate refraction.
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(ii) Draw on Fig. 8.3 to show the refraction of the water wave.
ripple tank
wooden
bar
Fig. 8.3
[3]
(d) Fig. 8.4 shows a connection to the internet made from a remote station A using a satellite
above the Earth’s surface.
Data is sent between stations A and B using microwaves which travel to and from the satellite.
satellite
station B
station A
to internet
(i) Calculate the time taken for data to travel from A to B using microwaves.
(ii) The same data can be sent from A to B in a shorter time along the surface of the Earth
using infrared waves to carry the information in optical fibres.
State one property that infrared waves and microwaves have in common.
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(iii) Suggest one other advantage of using optical fibres to connect stations A and B directly.
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[Total: 15]
neutrons
electron
protons
Fig. 9.1
(i) State how the structure of a helium atom differs from the structure of the helium ion.
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(ii) State how the structure of an alpha-particle differs from the structure of the helium ion.
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Table 9.1
Describe the apparatus and the procedure used to show that a sample emits both alpha-
particles and beta-particles.
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(ii) A sample of pure thorium-229 contains 4.0 × 1014 atoms. After 22 000 years, the number
of atoms of thorium-229 in the sample is 5.0 × 1013.
[Total: 15]