Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports

15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

ISSN: 2582-3248

Arduino Mega Based Smart Traffic Control System

Yaser S. A. Shaheen a*, Hussam M. I. Alkafrawi b, Tarek R. S. Al Aga c,
Ismail M. Elkafrawi d and Massoud A. Omar Imaeeg a
a
College of Engineering Technology–AL-Qubbah, Technical and Vocational Education, Libya.
b
Faculty of Engineering, Benghazi University, Libya.
c
Higher Institute of Science and Technology-AL-Beyda, Technical and Vocational Education, Libya.
d
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Benghazi University,
Libya.

Authors’ contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration among five authors. Author YSAS is designed the study,
create program codes, managed the analyses of the study, author HMIA wrote the protocol and wrote
flow chart of the system, author TRSAA Work on the design of the circuit, authors IME and MAOI
wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript managed
the literature searches.

Article Information
DOI: 10.9734/AJARR/2021/v15i1230449

Open Peer Review History:

This journal follows the Advanced Open Peer Review policy. Identity of the Reviewers, Editor(s) and additional Reviewers,
peer review comments, different versions of the manuscript, comments of the editors, etc are available here:
https://www.sdiarticle5.com/review-history/84793

Received 25 October 2021

Accepted 28 December 2021
Method Article
Published 30 December 2021

ABSTRACT

Aim: The main aim of this paper is design smart traffic system to develop a dynamic road signal
based on density.
Study Design: The conventional traffic signal system is based on constant traffic management
time, so we proposed a smart system using Arduino Mega and ultrasonic sensors where green
signal times change automatically according to traffic density.
Methodology: The performance of the proposed system is tested using Proteus simulator and a
real model was designed.
Resolute and conclusion: the simulation and experimental test rig have shown that this system can
be implemented, as it has been able to change the green signal time according to congestion
density while developing this system.

Keywords: Traffic signal system; Arduino mega; ultrasonic sensor; Bluetooth module.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

*Corresponding author: Email: [email protected];

 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

1. INTRODUCTION controlled by the traffic warden or police officer.

The prototype of the system has been built and
At present, with the increase in the population of tested. The model is better than the current
large cities such as Al-bayda, Benghazi and system which is limited to the Fixed Mode Traffic
Tripoli, the number of cars has increased Light Controller.
significantly in Libya in recent years, especially
after 2011. As the current traffic light system in 2. COMPONENTS USED
Libya continues to adopt the traditional method,
this has resulted in significant congestion at 2.1 Ultrasonic Sensor
street intersections. With the significant
development of microcontroller technology, there The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor Fig.1. uses
is an urgent need for a smart traffic system that sonar to determine the distance to an object.
will help reduce congestion, wait time and waste This sensor reads from 2cm to 400cm (0.8inch to
fuel. 157inch) with an accuracy of 0.3cm (0.1inches),
which is good for most hobbyist projects. In
In this context, several studies have been addition, this particular module comes with
presented to develop traffic light and reduce ultrasonic transmitter and receiver modules.
congestion, many systems uses microcontroller
[1,2], also RFID and GSM module[3-8] another The ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine
based arduino platform [9-13],We propose a the distance to an object.
simple, low-cost system for a smart traffic signal. The ultrasound transmitter (trig pin) emits a high-
frequency sound (40 kHz).
Our project is to develop a Density Based Traffic The sound travels through the air. If it finds an
Signal System using an Arduino Mega, object, it bounces back to the module.
Ultrasonic Sensor and Bluetooth module are The ultrasound receiver (echo pin) receives the
used to implement the traffic system. We will use reflected sound (echo).
Ultrasonic Sensor to measure the traffic density.
We have to mount three Ultrasonic Sensor for
The time between the transmission and reception
each road; the distance between these sensors
of the signal allows us to calculate the distance
will depend on nature of traffic on a particular
to an object. This is possible because we know
junction. These sensors determine the level of
the sound’s velocity in the air. Here’s the
traffic jam in the road, Different ranges of traffic
formula:
light delay time intervals according to traffic jam
level are configured by microcontroller and
updated regularly. Additionally, control the traffic Distance to an object = ((speed of sound in the
signals by an android application throughout the air)*time)/2 speed of sound in the air at 20ºC
Bluetooth and wireless connection. This will be (68ºF) = 343m/s

VCC Power Sensor 5V

Trig Trigger Output Pin
Echo Echo Input Pin
GND ground

Fig. 1. Ultrasonic sensor

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 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

2.2 Arduino Mega Bluetooth serial modules allow all serial enabled
devices to communicate with each other using
The Arduino Mega (Fig.2) is the muscle car of Bluetooth.
Arduino boards. It boasts a huge collection of
input output ports, but cleverly adds these as 2.4 LCD Display
extra connectors at one end of the board, It uses
a processor with more input output pins, the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD):16x2 LCD used in
ATmega1280, which is a surface mount chip that the implemented to display data over 2 lines,
is fixed permanently to the board. So, unlike with each of 16 characters. Actually, two types of
the Uno and similar boards, you cannot replace registers are used to configure the LCD; the
the processor if you accidentally damage it. command registers and control registers. Other
The extra connectors are arranged at the end of aspects are LCD initialization, clearing the
the board. Extra features provided by the Mega screen, setting the cursor position, and
include the following: controlling display. While the data register holds
the ASCII code of the characters that are
• 54 input/output pins appeared on the display.
• 128KB of flash memory for storing
sketches and fixed data 2.5 Proposed System Design and
• 8KB of RAM and 4KB of EEPROM Methodology
2.3 Bluetooth Module
In this paper, we utilized (Arduino Mega), that
HC-05 is a Bluetooth module which is designed has a many pins, causing it exceptionally
for wireless communication. This module can be valuable in projects that to have a convenient
used in a master or slave configuration. number of sensors and gadgets to control.

Fig. 2. Arduino mega

Fig. 3. HC-05 is a Bluetooth module

Key/EN: HC-05 module has two modes, Data mode and Command mode; VCC: Connect 5 V or 3.3 V to this Pin.
GND: Ground Pin of module; TXD: Transmit Serial data; RXD: Receive data serially; State: It tells whether
module is connected or not

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 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

First case: There's no congestion. Traffic signal

works normally.

Second case: There is congestion, a delay time

should added to the green signal.

Third case: if there is no jam near the traffic-light,

the system will skip it and move to the next side ,
so with that, we will diminish congestion.

This system also enables a traffic cop to control

Fig. 4. 16x2 LCD the traffic-light using an application that is loaded
onto his mobile phone, simply by type the
As can be seen in Fig. (5), there is number of side to be played, so it works as
a intersection of two roads that normally has follow:
four sides, the first side provide with two sensors
as well as the third side, first sensor in both side  Typing number one leads to turn on
detects the traffic of cars , and the second sensor green light in (Side1)
find out if there is a congestion , so we can  Typing number two leads to turn on
determine whether there's a traffic congestion or green light in (Side2)
not. We also added a Bluetooth unit which a  Typing number Three leads to turn on
police officer can control the signal by his mobile green light in (Side3)
phone, the principle of operation of this Chamber  Typing number four leads to turn on
is based on three cases. green light in (Side1)
RV1 RV2
RV1(2)
1k 1k

Side 4 RV2(2)
g4

y4

r4

71% 43%

SONAR1 SONAR2
Bluetoot Module ULTRASONIC SENSOR ULTRASONIC SENSOR

TestPin www.TheEngineeringProjects.com TestPin www.TheEngineeringProjects.com

Key
Vcc
HC-05 GND
Bluetooth
Trigger

Trigger
TXD Txb
Echo

Echo
RXD Rxb
Gnd

Gnd
+5V

+5V
State
www.TheEngineeringProjects.com

NAME=BLUETOOTH HC-05
SDA
SCL

Rxb
Txb

t1
e4

e1
t4

t2
e3

e2
t3

t1
e1

t2
e2
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14

10
11
12
13
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

8
9

MEGA1
PE1/TXD0/PDO

AREF
PH5/OC4C
PD0/SCL/INT0
PD1/SDA/INT1
PD2/RXD1/INT2

PH0/RXD2
PH1/TXD2
PJ0/RXD3/PCINT9
PJ1/TXD3/PCINT10

PE0/RXD0/PCINT8

PE4/OC3B/INT4

PE3/OC3A/AIN1

PB4/OC2A/PCINT4
PB5/OC1A/PCINT5
PB6/OC1B/PCINT6
PB7/OC0A/OC1C/PCINT7
PG5/OC0B

PH3/OC4A
PH4/OC4B

PH6/OC2B
PD3/TXD1/INT3

PE5/OC3C/INT5

PA0/AD0 ARDUINO MEGA2560 V2

22 r1
PA1/AD1
23
r1 PA2/AD2
24
y1 PA3/AD3
25
RX2
TX2

PA4/AD4 y1
g1
SDA

26
SCL

PA5/AD5
RX1
TX1

TX0

r2
www.TheEngineeringProjects.com

27
PA6/AD6
RX3

RX0

y2

Side 1
28
TX3

PA7/AD7 g1
g2
Arduino Mega 2560

29
r3 PC7/A15
30
PC6/A14
COMUNICATION PWM
y3 31
DIGITAL

g3 PC5/A13
32
r4 PC4/A12
33
y4 PC3/A11
34
g4 PC2/A10
35
PC1/A9
36
PC0/A8
37 ATMEGA2560
PD7/T0
38
PG2/ALE 16AU 1126
39
PG1/RD
40 Reset BTN
PG0/WR
41
PL7
42
PL6
43
PL5/OC5C ANALOG IN
44
PL4/OC5B
r3 45
PL3/OC5A
PK7/ADC15/PCINT23
PK6/ADC14/PCINT22
PK5/ADC13/PCINT21
PK4/ADC12/PCINT20
PK3/ADC11/PCINT19
PK2/ADC10/PCINT18

46
PK1/ADC9/PCINT17
PK0/ADC8/PCINT16

Side 3
PL2/T5
47
PL1/ICP5
PF6/ADC6/TDO
PF5/ADC5/TMS
PF4/ADC4/TCK

y3 48
PF7/ADC7/TDI

PL0/ICP4
49
PB3/MISO/PCINT3
PF3/ADC3
PF2/ADC2
PF1/ADC1
PF0/ADC0

50
PB2/MOSI/PCINT2
RESET

g3 51
PB1/SCK/PCINT1
GND

52
VCC

PB0/SS/PCINT0
53
A15
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8

A4
A5
A6
A7
A3
A2
A1
A0

SONAR4 SONAR3
ULTRASONIC SENSOR ULTRASONIC SENSOR U1 LCD1
14 4 LM016L
TestPin www.TheEngineeringProjects.com SCL SCL P0 p0 MODDLL=LCDALPHA
TestPin www.TheEngineeringProjects.com SDA
15
SDA P1
5
p1
6
P2 p2
13 7
INT P3 p3
9
P4 p4
1 10
vcc A0 P5 p5
2 11
vcc A1 P6 p6
Trigger

Trigger

3 12
Echo

vcc A2 P7 p7
VDD
VSS

VEE
Gnd

Echo
+5V

RW
RS
Gnd

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
+5V

PCF8574
vcc

1
2
3

4
5
6

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

4%
Side 2
p0
p1
p2

p3
p4
p5
p6
p7

RV4
t4
e4

r2

y2

g2
t3
e3

8%
vcc
RV4(2) 1k
RV3
RV3(2) 1k

Fig.5 . The proposed system simulation using proteus

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 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

Fig.6 . Flow chart of the system

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Chart 1. The code

#include <Wire.h> //include the library lcd.clear(); lcd.clear();

#include <LiquidCrystal_PCF8574.h> //include the libraryLCD Serial.println(" Normal Mode "); Serial.println(" Normal Mode ");
LiquidCrystal_PCF8574 lcd(0x27); // set the LCD address to 0x27 for lcd.print(" Normal Mode "); lcd.print(" Normal Mode ");
a 16 chars and 2 line display lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.setCursor(0,1);
int side1[ ] = {24,25,26};//lights side1 lcd.print(" In SIDE1 "); lcd.print(" In SIDE3 ");
int side2[ ] = {27, 28,29};//lights side2 delay(green2Delay); } delay(green2Delay);}
int side3[ ] = {30,31, 32};//lights side3 // No cars In Road // No cars In Road
int side4[ ] = {33,34,35};//lights side4 else if(Avg1>=dd&&Avg2>=dd){ else if(Avg3>=dd&&Avg4>=dd){
int green1Delay = 10000;//Time delay NO cars lcd.clear(); lcd.clear();
int green2Delay = 60000;//Time delay Normalmode Serial.println(" NO Cars "); Serial.println(" No Cars ");
int green3Delay = 90000;//Time delay traffic Jam lcd.print(" NO Cars "); lcd.print(" No Cars ");
int yellowDelay = 5000;//Time delay yallow light lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.setCursor(0,1);
volatile int trigpin[ ]={12,9,7,4 };//pins connected to Trig ultrasonic lcd.print(" In SIDE1 "); lcd.print(" In SIDE3 ");
volatile int echopin[ ]={10,8,6,3 };//pins connected to Echo ultrasonic delay(green1Delay); } delay(green1Delay);}
volatile int S1, S2,S3,S4, Sum1,Sum2, digitalWrite(side1[1], HIGH); digitalWrite(side3[1], HIGH);
Sum3,Sum4,Avg1,Avg2,Avg3,Avg4; digitalWrite(side2[1], HIGH); digitalWrite(side4[1], HIGH);
//variable specify Distance delay(yellowDelay); delay(yellowDelay);
int volatile long dd= 10 ; int n=0;int x; int x; x=Serial.read(); x=Serial.read();
void setup(){ if (x=='2'){goto side2;} if (x=='1'){goto side1;}
Wire.begin(); if (x=='3'){goto side3;} if (x=='2'){goto side2;}
Wire.beginTransmission(0x27); if (x=='4'){goto side4;} if (x=='4'){goto side4;}
Serial.begin (9600); ///////side2://///////// //////////////sid4 //////////////
lcd.begin(16, 2); // side2: side4:
lcd.setBacklight(255);lcd.home(); red(); red();
//set Pin as an Output lcd.clear(); lcd.clear();
for(int i=0; i<3; i++){ lcd.print(" SIDE2 "); lcd.print(" SIDE4 ");
pinMode(side1[i], OUTPUT); Serial.println("side2"); Serial.println("side4");
pinMode(side2[i], OUTPUT); digitalWrite(side2[0], LOW); digitalWrite(side4[0], LOW);
pinMode(side3[i], OUTPUT); digitalWrite(side2[2], HIGH); digitalWrite(side4[2], HIGH);
pinMode(side4[i], OUTPUT); delay(green2Delay); delay(green2Delay);
}} digitalWrite(side3[1], HIGH); digitalWrite(side1[1], HIGH);
void loop(){ digitalWrite(side2[1], HIGH); digitalWrite(side4[1], HIGH);
///////side1:///////// delay(yellowDelay); delay(yellowDelay);
side1: x=Serial.read(); x=Serial.read();
red(); if (x=='1'){goto side1;} if (x=='1'){goto side1;}

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 Shaheen et al.; AJARR, 15(12): 43-52, 2021; Article no.AJARR.84793

lcd.clear(); if (x=='3'){goto side3;} if (x=='2'){goto side2;}

lcd.print(" SIDE1 "); if (x=='4'){goto side4;} if (x=='3'){goto side3;}
Serial.println("side1"); /////////// sid3 ///////////// }
digitalWrite(side1[0], LOW); side3: ////////function calculate distance
digitalWrite(side1[2], HIGH); red(); int dist(int pingPin , int echoPin){
Sum1=0,Sum2=0,n=0,Avg1=0,Avg2=0; lcd.clear(); long d,m;
for(int i=0; i<=6; i++) { lcd.print(" SIDE3 "); pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT);
S1=dist(trigpin[0] , echopin[0]); Serial.println("side3"); digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
Sum1=Sum1+S1; digitalWrite(side3[0], LOW); delayMicroseconds(5);
S2=dist(trigpin[1] , echopin[1]); digitalWrite(side3[2], HIGH); digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH);
Sum2=Sum2+S2; n=n+1; Sum3=0,Sum4=0,n=0,Avg3=0,Avg4=0; delayMicroseconds(10);
delay(50); for(int i=0; i<=6; i++) { digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
} S3=dist(trigpin[2] , echopin[2]); pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
Avg1=Sum1/n; Avg2=Sum2/n; Sum3=Sum3+S3; d = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
//condition Traffic Jam in Side 1 S4=dist(trigpin[3] , echopin[3]); m= d*0.034/2;
if(Avg1<dd && Avg2<dd) { Sum4=Sum4+S4; n=n+1; return m;
digitalWrite(side1[0], LOW); delay(50); } }
digitalWrite(side1[2], HIGH); Avg3=Sum3/n; Avg4=Sum4/n; //All Green light,and Yallow light LOw ,All Red light
lcd.clear(); //condition Traffic Jam in Side 3 High
lcd.print(" traffic jam mode "); if(Avg3<dd && Avg4<dd){ void red(){
Serial.println(" traffic jam mode "); digitalWrite(side3[0], LOW); for(int i=1; i<3; i++) {
lcd.setCursor(0,1); digitalWrite(side3[2], HIGH); digitalWrite(side1[i], LOW);
lcd.print(Avg1); lcd.clear(); digitalWrite(side2[i], LOW);
delay(green3Delay); Serial.println(" traffic jam mode "); digitalWrite(side3[i], LOW);
} lcd.print(" traffic jam mode "); digitalWrite(side4[i],LOW);
////condition Traffic Normal In Side1 lcd.setCursor(0,1); }
else if(Avg1<dd&&Avg2>=dd) { lcd.print(" In SIDE3 "); for(int i=0; i<1; i++){
digitalWrite(side1[0], LOW); delay(green3Delay);} digitalWrite(side1[i], HIGH);
digitalWrite(side1[2], HIGH); ////condition Traffic Normal In Side3 digitalWrite(side2[i], HIGH);
else if(Avg3<dd&&Avg4>=dd){ digitalWrite(side3[i], HIGH);
digitalWrite(side3[0], LOW); digitalWrite(side4[i], HIGH);
digitalWrite(side3[2], HIGH); }}

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Fig.7 . Implementation of the System

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

We first implemented the project circuit using Proteus 8 as simulator and then a practical system was
implemented using Arduino Mega 2560, with three LED’s (red, yellow and green light) were
connected in parallel, connected in series with resistors 220 Ohm to each LED where the cathodes
connected together with the GND of Adduino , the positive end of each led is connected to the
Urduino board and repeats this for each side as shown the order below:

Side1 signal(Red, Yallow, Green) Pin 24, pin25 , pin26

Side2 signal(Red, Yallow, Green Pin 27, pin28 , pin29
Side3 signal(Red, Yallow, Green) Pin 30, pin31 , pin32
Side4 signal(Red, Yallow, Green) Pin 33, pin34 , pin35

US1(Trig , Echo) Pin 12, Pin 10

US2(Trig , Echo) Pin 9 , pin8
US3(Trig , Echo) Pin 7, pin6
US4(Trig , Echo) Pin 4, pin3

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Ultrasound sensor (US) pins was connected to the Urduino board as described below:

Ultrasound sensors (US) are responsible for giving information’s about the crowd to the controller for
making a decision to operate the traffic light on side1 and Side3 according to the table .

Table 1. Modes of traffic

Traffic Modes US1 US2 Timing Green light

No Car Low Low 10 Sec
Normal Mode High Low 60 Sec
Traffic Jam Mode High High 90 Sec

The number and location of sensors depends on the length of the street, increasing the sensors gives
more accuracy in determining the level of crowd , but the cost will increase.

The system provided with an LCD screen to display crowd level also waiting time.

Finally, Bluetooth Module (HC- 05) has been linked to the RX and Tx of arduino.

Video 1. Full video available in this link: https://www.journalajarr.com/media/AJARR_84793-

Arduino-Mega-Based-Smart-Traffic-Control-System.mp4

4. CONCLUSION DISCLAIMER

An intelligent traffic light control system was The products used for this research are
designed for a four-way intersection. The circuit commonly and predominantly use products in our
was simulated and a practical model was made area of research and country. There is absolutely
to test the circuit and ensure its correct no conflict of interest between the authors and
operation. The system is effective and has low producers of the products because we do not
cost and helps reduce congestion and reduce intend to use these products as an avenue for
waiting time at intersections, and with the use of any litigation but for the advancement of
Arduino controllers and the integrated knowledge. Also, the research was not funded by
development environment Arduino C gives this the producing company rather it was funded by
the system is flexible and highly adjustable personal efforts of the authors.

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COMPETING INTERESTS Available:https://doi.org/10.33736/tur.2831.

2021
Authors have declared that no competing 8. Low Kai Kee, Zainab Senan Attar Bashi.
interests exist. Smart traffic light monitoring system for
emergency using arduino. Multidisciplinary
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© 2021 Shaheen et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.

Peer-review history:
The peer review history for this paper can be accessed here:
https://www.sdiarticle5.com/review-history/84793

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