Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Kigali

Website: www.iprckigali.ac.rw
E-mail: [email protected]

Industrial Attachment Program Report Carried Out at

NERO SERVICES LTD from September to July.

Supervisor: DUSHIME Remy; Tel: 0739185312

Names: IKIREZI Aneira Lavena

Reg no: 21RP00275

Academic Year: 2022-2023

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

OPTION: ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Tel No: 0787827137

Email: [email protected]

September 2023
DECLARATION
I, IKIREZI Aneira Lavena a student of the RP/IPRC Kigali, in Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, option of Electronics and telecommunication Technology with the
registration number 21RP00275, I hereby declare that this industrial attachment report held at
NERO Services Ltd from 8th September 2023 to 26th October 2023. under supervision of Eng.
DUSHIME Remy. This industrial attachment report is my original work and has never been
submitted by anyone for any academic award in any university or other higher learning
institution.
Declared by:
IKIREZI Aneira lavena
Registration number:
21RP00275
Signature………………
Date: ……. /October/2023
Company supervisor:
Eng. DUSHIME Remy
Signature: …………….and stamp………
Date……. /October/2023

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CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this report of industrial attachment performed in NERO Services Ltd is the
original work done by IKIREZI Aneira Lavena who completed an industrial training program
(ITP) at NERO Services Ltd from 8th September 2023 to 26th October 2023. I also confirm that,
this industrial attachment report was corrected to be relevant to the Electronics and
Telecommunication as applied in NERO Services Ltd and has been submitted with my
successful supervision.

Signed by: Eng. Dushime Remy

Signature: …………….and stamp………

Date: ……… /October/ 2023

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APPROVAL SHEET
This industrial attachment report was prepared and submitted by IKIREZI Aneira Lavena in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of advanced diploma. Also, I confirmed that
this report had corrected to be relevant to Electronics and Telecommunication option. This has
been examined and approved by KATUSHABE Apophia the Industrial Liaison Officer at
RP/IPRC Kigali

Signature……………………
Date: ……… /October/2023

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ACKNOWLEGDEMENT
I highly thank Eng. Desire TUYISHIMIRE for giving me opportunity to do this internship in
NERO Services and for working with his genius and experienced technician.
I highly appreciate the priceless time of my super and best supervisor DUSHIME Remy to give
me motivation that was very essential and helpful in this period of running and completing
industrial attachment, his knowledge and attention that really inspired and gave me courage and
confidence during our work. I really thank him for his guidance and support in this industrial
attachment program.
I cannot forget my classmates from Electronics and Telecommunication technology, whom we
worked together as a team during period of our industrial attachment program. I sincerely thank
NERO services staff members for giving me the chance to work under their supervision during 7
weeks.

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DEDICATION
I dedicate and thank my family for supporting me, my fellow student for helping me in different
works during my industrial attachment program and I really appreciate for all those who prayed
for me. Moreover, may almighty God bless my greatest supervisors for the time they gave me
and what they done to me.

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ABSTRACT
An internship is the best way for students to acquire relevant practical skills through provision of
various opportunities for students to apply the different theoretical skills. This internship report
contains a summary of the whole internship journey that started from 17th July 2023 to the 1st
September 2023 in NERO Services Ltd.
In addition to that, this internship report is an important proof and summary of the practical
skills earned from both the RP/IPRC Kigali and the NERO Services Ltd that the goal of the
internship which was the acquisition of the various practical skills was achieved. In fact, the
different methods and tools have been used to achieve on the objective of the internship mainly
field work.
This report contains some information related to NERO Services Ltd and some other activities
that I did during this period of 7 weeks. These activities are all related to computer networking
where we used to install and configure optical fiber-based internet for different clients. However,
lessons like analog electronics and analog communication, digital electronics and digital
communication, measurements and instrumentation had to be included due to the versatility of
the networking.

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LIST OF ABBREVIATION

ITP: Industrial Training Program

IAP: Industrial Attachment program
TVET: Technical and Vocational Education and Training
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ETT: Electronics and Telecommunications Technology
OTDR: Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
LED: Light Emitting Diode
ODN: Optical Distribution Network

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 organization structure..................................................................................................................14
Figure 2 fiber optics cable..........................................................................................................................16
Figure 3 singlemode vs multimode fibers..................................................................................................16
Figure 4 splitter..........................................................................................................................................17
Figure 5 router...........................................................................................................................................17
Figure 6 splicing machine..........................................................................................................................19
Figure 7 OTDR............................................................................................................................................19
Figure 8 optical power meter....................................................................................................................20
Figure 9 LED Light......................................................................................................................................20

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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Splicing: a process of permanently joining two pieces of fiber by using heat.
Terminating: a process of connecting a connector to the fiber.
Laying: a process of mounting a fiber optic cable on poles.
Stripping: a process of removing outer jacket to the fiber cable by using wire stripper.
Accuracy: the degree of exactness(closeness) of a measurement compared to expected(desired)
value.
Precision: a measure of consistency or repeatability of measurements, i.e. successive readings do
not differ or the consistency of the instrument output for a given value of input

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents
DECLARATION..............................................................................................................................................1

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CERTIFICATION.............................................................................................................................................2
APPROVAL SHEET.........................................................................................................................................3
ACKNOWLEGDEMENT.................................................................................................................................4
DEDICATION.................................................................................................................................................5
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................................6
LIST OF ABBREVIATION................................................................................................................................7
LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................................................................8
DEFINITION OF TERMS................................................................................................................................9
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................12
1.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................12
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF INTERNSHIP............................................................................................................12
1.2 ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILE OF NERO Services Ltd...........................................................................13
1.2.0 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................13
1.2.1 VISION.......................................................................................................................................13
1.2.2 MISSION....................................................................................................................................13
1.2.3 CORE VALUES OF THE COMPANY..............................................................................................13
1.2.4 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE.................................................................................................14
CHAPTER 2: DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN DURING THE INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT...........15
2.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................15
2.1 FIBER OPTICS NETWORK INSTALLATION...........................................................................................15
2.1.0 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................15
2.1.1 TASKS ACCOMPLISHED..............................................................................................................16
2.2 .2 TOOLS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS USED..........................................................................17
2.3 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION.....................................................................................18
2.3.0 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................18
2.3.1 TERMS USED IN MEASSUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION....................................................18
2.3.2 INSTRUMENTS USED DURING INTERNSHIP...............................................................................19
CHAPTER 3: LESSONS, EXPERIENCE, AND SKILLS.......................................................................................21
3.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................21
3.1 THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE.............................................................................................................21
3.2 PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE.................................................................................................................21
3.4 TRANSPORT CHALLENGE..................................................................................................................21

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 3.5 NEW TOOLS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT.....................................................................................21
3.6 TECHNICAL TERMS ON SITE.............................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION................................................................................23
4.1 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................23
4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................................................................................23
References.................................................................................................................................................24

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Every person wishes to give work to a person that is experienced in the field so that his
properties are guaranteed. It is in that way that Rwanda Polytechnics sends its trainees in

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 industrial training programs in the companies that do the same field of activities at the end of
each RTQF Level. The trainees are intended to learn from the technicians they find in the ITP
companies both the skills and the attitudes that are required on the sites. They also have to use
the opportunity of tools, materials and equipment that are most of the times not found in their
schools. So, this report contains a summary of work I did in NERO Services Ltd at different
sites of their clients for the period of 7 weeks.

1.1 OBJECTIVES OF INTERNSHIP

The general objective of internship is to allow the trainees to experience the practices of some
theories that they learn in schools and get connections to people working under the same field.
However, the objectives can be detailed comprehensively as follow:
 To Continue to learn and to expand and develop their knowledge and skills
 To increase a student's sense of responsibility and good work habits.
 To expose students to real work environment experience, gain knowledge in
writing report in technical works.
 Encourage the students to continue their career.
 Enhance student’s awareness of public service obligations.
 To help students to be more sharpened in career skills.
 To show student how technical job is done effectively
 Internship will develop service records/references that will improve
employment.
So as to sum up, internship is intended to help the students to learn how the work is done in their
fields of study and to allow them practice what they studied in schools.

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1.2 ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILE OF NERO Services Ltd
1.2.0 INTRODUCTION
NERO Services Ltd is one of many fiber optics companies that distributes fiber optics internet
to different kinds of clients here in Rwanda. In fact, it is a subcontractor of Liquid intelligent
technologies.
This company has specialized itself in installing fiber optic networks to different clients that
could be for home use or for offices. It was founded in 2017 with the aim of helping Liquid
intelligent technologies to satisfy the strong eager of internet to Rwandan in this country with
rapid technology.
Their office is located in GASABO district, in KAGUGU at the street number of KG24 Avenue.

1.2.1 VISION
NERO Services Ltd has been established with the vision of providing better business by offering
the first choice, the preferred provider of unified services and connectivity. Their highly
effective, multidisciplinary team is crucial for their services and the industry they operate in.

This allows NERO SERVICES Ltd to progress as a successful bend mark project. NERO
SERVICES established in 2017, is striving to deliver projects on time within budget and to the
required quality, maintaining focus on continuous improvement on adopted policies and
procedures applicable to the technologies the company operates in.

They claim to be a value adding resource for their clients by providing services, cutting edge
technologies and strategic management consulting that improve quality and cost effective.

1.2.2 MISSION
The mission of NERO Services as it is shown on their official website, it is to serve well people
in a way that helps them to improve their lives.

1.2.3 CORE VALUES OF THE COMPANY

The core values that have to characterize each and every employee of NERO Services Ltd
are Integrity, Passion, Quality, Faithfulness, Innovation, Collaboration & Leadership.

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1.2.4 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Below it is shown the organizational structure of NERO Services Ltd hierarchically:

Figure 1 organization structure

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CHAPTER 2: DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN
DURING THE INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
2.0 INTRODUCTION
During this period of 7 weeks in NERO Services Ltd, I have done different tasks that are related
to networking that include: Installation of optical fiber network, measuring and instrumentation.
As I have said earlier, this company is specialized in installing fiber optics network. However,
contents like analog electronics and analog communication, digital electronics and digital
communication had to be applied in this network as it combines both communication via wired
and wireless network.

2.1 FIBER OPTICS NETWORK INSTALLATION

2.1.0 INTRODUCTION
Fiber optics or simply optical fiber, refers to the technology that transmits information as light
pulses along a glass or plastic fiber.
A fiber optic cable can contain a varying number of these glass fibers, from a few to a couple of
hundred. These fibers are surrounded by another glass called cladding. The buffer tube layer
protects the cladding, and a jacket layer acts the final protective layer of the individual strand.
The figure below shows the structure of Fiber optics cable:

Figure 2 fiber optics cable

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Optical fibers can be either single mode fiber or multimode fiber. Single mode means the fiber enables
one type of light mode to be propagated at a time. While multimode means the fiber can propagate
multiple modes. The differences between single mode and multimode fiber optic cable mainly lie in fiber
core diameter, wavelength & light source, bandwidth, color sheath, distance and cost .

The figure below shows clearly, the difference between single mode and multimode fibers:

Figure 3 singlemode vs multimode fibers

2.1.1 TASKS ACCOMPLISHED

During this internship in NERO Services Ltd, I have installed fiber optics network which was
either underground or overhead. For underground fiber, we had to dig a hole heading to the
location of the splitter and lay the fiber optics cable into the pipe until it reaches to the client.
After that, a cable is joined to the connector by using a splicing machine which is an electronic
instrument that use heat to permanently join 2 fibers.
For overhead optical fiber network, the splitters, ODN and closures are mounted on poles. To
connect a client to the network, we used to connect the fiber optics cable with a connector to the
splitter and lay the cable on poles until it reaches the client’s house.
For both underground and overhead network, the final works are the same. After getting the fiber
optics cable into the house, it has to be passed through a termination box where it is spliced to a
pick tail connector and coiled so that it won’t be difficult to do the maintenance. After
termination, the fiber is connected to the router which provides wireless network to the clients.
Below it is shown the diagram of the splitter, an instrument that offers multiple ports for fiber
connection:

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Figure 4 splitter

The figure below shows exactly the type of routers we used to provide wireless network to the
clients:

Figure 5 router

2.2 .2 TOOLS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS USED

The tools, materials and equipment I used during installation of fiber optics network are listed
below:
 Splicing machine, router, LED light, termination box, optical power meter
 Screwdrivers, Allen keys, optical fiber stripper, utility knife
 Optical fiber cables, sleeves, connectors, screws, cable ties and insulator tape

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2.3 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
2.3.0 INTRODUCTION
The context measurement and instrumentation is a broad term that is used to mean the act of
measuring the amount of certain items by using the exact instrument or tool designed to do so.
Thes instruments used can either be analog or digital depending upon the technology used.
 Analog instrument: the measured parameter value is displayed by the moveable pointer.
The pointer will be moved continuously with the variable parameter/analog signal which
is measured. The reading inaccurate because the parallax error during the skill reading.
Example: ampere meter, voltmeter, ohm meter
 Digital instrument: the measured parameter value is displayed in decimal(digital) form
which the reading can be read in numbers form. Therefore, the parallax error is not
existed and terminated. The concept used for digital signal in a digital instrument is logic
binary ‘0’ and ‘1’.
2.3.1 TERMS USED IN MEASSUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
Several terms are used in measurements and instrumentation. Some of them are listed below:
 Instrument: a device or mechanism used to determine the present value of a quantity
under observation.
 Measurement: the process of determining the amount, degree, capacity by comparison
(direct or indirect) with the accepted standards of the system units being used.
 Accuracy: the degree of exactness(closeness) of a measurement compared to
expected(desired) value.
 Resolution: the smallest change in measured variable to which the instrument will
respond.
 Precision: a measure of consistency or repeatability of measurements, i.e. successive
readings do not differ or the consistency of the instrument output for a given value of
input

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2.3.2 INSTRUMENTS USED DURING INTERNSHIP
During this period of internship in NERO Services Ltd I have learnt to use different types of
instruments including the following:
 Splicing machine: this is an equipment used to permanently join2 fibers by using heat.
Its figure is shown below:

Figure 6 splicing machine

 OTDR: Optical time domain reflectometer is an instrument used to the integrity of fiber
optics cable. It is also used to trace where the fiber optics cable has been broken or badly
bent. Its picture is shown on the figure below:

Figure 7 OTDR

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  Optical power meter: an instrument used to measure the power of optical signal in
Decibels. The figure below shows an example of optical power meter:

Figure 8 optical power meter

 LED Light: an instrument used as an alternative for OTDR. It provides a red light by
using high emissive light emit diodes (LEDs) along the fiber. If the fiber has not broken,
the light is seen on the other end of the fiber if not, it can’t be seen. Its picture is shown
below together with a wire cutter:

Figure 9 LED Light

As to sum up, it was a great idea to do internship in NERO Services limited as it allowed me to
use many instruments and equipment that I never used before.

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CHAPTER 3: LESSONS, EXPERIENCE, AND SKILLS
3.0 INTRODUCTION
After finding that the internship is the mother of practice, that is why everyone who finish his
theoretical studies he/she must attend the internship where we fetch more knowledge based on
practical skills. In my internship here at NERO Services Ltd I have fetched more knowledge
based on practical skills related what I have taken in the class as theoretically.

3.1 THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE

Not only practical knowledge also theoretical knowledge including in what I have found in
internship during the conversation with my leaders of internship; we found some theoretical
knowledge such as:
 How to manage the materials and the tools of the site;
 How to deal with ethical dilemma raised during the work;
 How to classify the workers depending their domains;
 How to arrange materials and tools received on site;
 Overview on design of some structures;
 How to ensure the welfare in the workers.

3.2 PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE

The hands-on skills I got during this internship includes:
 Making site survey properly
 Installation and configuration of fiber optics network
 Using splicing machine
 Proper instrumentation of optical power meter.

3.4 TRANSPORT CHALLENGE

During the industrial attachment program period, I met with transport challenge where
sometimes I was supposed to use some means of transport which is expensive according to the
site where the work is supposed to be done. The solution to this was that the company used their
car to take us to the site and they used to give me money to use as return ticket at the end of the
month.

3.5 NEW TOOLS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

During this period of industrial attachment program also I met with another challenge of some
tools, materials and equipment used in the company, and some of them it was my first time to use
them, and some was the first time I met with them. So, that was also challenge because I had to
know it so that I can be able to use it. This also was solved as our supervisor and other interns
who know that helped me.

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3.6 TECHNICAL TERMS ON SITE
There were some technical terms used on the site, and some of them were in other languages
different from English and general language used during studies. As we keep working in that
period, I got familiar with those terms and of course I know them clearly right now.

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CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
4.1 CONCLUSION
Generally, this industrial training program was a good occasion to me for doing practice
according to the theoretical knowledge I got in class before; it helped me to know many about
the site and as my purpose is to increase the technical skills from theoretical knowledge that I
have got in the class during my studies. I invite again all electrical and electronics engineers who
did repair and maintain electrical and electronic equipment to pass internship so that they can
develop their skills and their country. In concluding I call that, every Telecommunication
technician to pass in internship in this field in order to increase their practical skills.

4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
To RP/IPRC Kigali:
- I recommend the authority of RP/IPRC-Kigali that, if possible, to organize the order of
extending the period of industrial attachment so that the upcoming students come to be
experienced well and this will help to acquire much more skills.
To NERO Services Ltd:
I recommend NERO Services Ltd to bring full PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) for interns
that can help them during circulation and handling their tasks on sites.
I also recommend NERO to increase the number of vehicles that transport tools and materials to
the sites as using one car sometimes delay the work.
To students:
I recommend students to take industrial training program as serious work and to take part
passionately. The students should acquire and show the engineering ethics during the period of
internship.

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References
1. https://blog.netwrix.com/2019/01/08/network-devices-explained/
2. https://automationforum.co/electrical-protective-device-types-of-protective-device
3. https://neroservicesltd.com/services NERO Services official website
4. https://community.fs.com/blog/single-mode-cabling-cost-vs-multimode-cabling-cost.html
5. https://www.fiberinstrumentsales.com/fiber-optic-splicing/fusion-splicers.html
6. https://www.amazon.com/Fiber-Optic-Light-Source/s?k=Fiber+Optic+Light+Source

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