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    CH 1 Lecture Two

    Uploaded by

    Meron Berihun

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    CH 1 Lecture Two

    Uploaded by

    Meron Berihun
    1 views29 pages

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    ch 1 lecture two

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    Copyright:

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    1 views29 pages

    CH 1 Lecture Two

    Uploaded by

    Meron Berihun

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 29

    Visual perception

    GESTALT THEORY OF VISUAL PSYCHOLOGY.


    Fundamentals Of Composition

    perception - the way our eyes and brains


     visual
    make sense of what we see
     Good design thinking requires an
    understanding of how the relationship between
    visual elements affects the way we perceive
    them, as well as an understanding of how to
    control and exploit them.
    Fundamentals Of Composition
    Visual unity
     the whole must
    predominate over the
    parts
     you must first see the
    whole pattern before
    you notice the
    individual elements
    Fundamentals Of Composition
    Intellectual unity vs. Visual unity

     Intellectual unity - idea generated and


    word dominated.
     The mind, not the eye, makes the
    grouping.
     Visual unity - placement of design
    elements perceptible to the eye.
     In the most successful designs, these
    reinforce one another.
    Fundamentals Of Composition

     viewer is looking for some sort of


    organization, something to relate the
    various elements
     The designer must provide some
    clues, but the viewer is already
    attempting to find some coherent
    pattern and unity.
     Gestalt theory of visual psychology:
    perception studies
    GESTALT
     A unified configuration or
     pattern of visual elements whose
    properties cannot be derived
    from a simple summation of its
    parts.
    GESTALT

     The early Gestalt psychologists and


    many other researchers into visual
    perception have discovered that
    the eye seeks a unified whole, or
    gestalt.
    GOOD
    GESTALT
    The whole and the parts
     the whole is more than the sum
    of its parts.
     This whole cannot be
    perceived by a simple addition
    of isolated parts.
     Each part is influenced by
    those around it.
    GOOD
    GESTALT
    WHOLE
     As you read these words, you perceive
    the whole word, not the individual
    letterforms that make it up.
     You can still pause and examine each
    letter individually, but the word is more
    than the sum of its separate letterforms
    GESTALT PRINCIPLES

     Knowing how the eye seeks a gestalt can help


    you analyze and create successful designs.
    FIGURE/GROUND
    PROXIMITY
    SIMILARITY
    CONTINUITY
    CLOSURE
    FIGURE / GROUND
    (Form and Space)
     Theeye and mind separate an object (figure)
    from its surroundings (ground).
    FIGURE / GROUND
    (Form and Space)
    Categories
     The three main categories in figure/ground
    shaping are stable, reversible, and ambiguous.
    Stable
    Figure/Ground
     Each two-dimensional
    mark or shape is
    perceived in an
    unchanging, stable
    relationship of object
    against background.
    Reversible Figure/Ground

     Figureand ground can


    be focused on equally
    when positive and
    negative elements attract
    our attention equally.
     What was initially
    background becomes
    foreground.
    Ambiguous Figure/Ground

     In some puzzle
    pictures, one figure
    may turn out to be
    made up of another
    figure, or of several
    different figures
    PROXIMITY

     The degree of
    closeness in the
    placement of
    elements.
     grouping by
    similarity in spatial
    location
    Proximity in Composition

    simply putting the elements


    close together.
    Proximity

    Proximity grouping is Similarity, continuation, and reversible


    grouping by similarity in figure/ground all unite this strong design.
    spatial location.
    SIMILARITY
     occurs when we see
    similar shape, size,
    color, spatial location
    (proximity), angle, or
    value.
    SIMILARITY
    CONTINUATION

     means that something


    “continues” — usually a line,
    an edge, or a direction from
    one form to another.
     viewer’s eye is carried
    smoothly from one element to
    the next.
     The viewer’s eye will follow
    along a line or curve.
    CONTINUATION
    CONTINUATION
    CONTINUATION
    CLOSURE

     A closed contour tends to be seen as an object.


     When the eye completes (closes) a line or curve
    in order to form a familiar shape
    CLOSURE

     active conceptual participation by the viewer to achieve an


    intellectual closure with the O shape and a womb.
    CLOSURE

    recognize the link between


    a musical note and a heart.

     This elegantly constructed symbol for 1 + 1


    Design uses a rich combination of similarity,
    reversible figure/ground, and closure.
    Summary

     Ourperception of an object is influenced


    by the arrangement of objects around it.
     Reality
    could be seen as dependent on
    context rather than as absolute.
    END

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