Tajweed 101

What is Tajweed?
‫ اﻟﺤـ ّﺪ‬.… ‫إن ﻣﺒﺎدئ ﻛﻞ ﻋـﻠـﻢ ﻋﺸـﺮة‬ Definition:

‫واﻟﻤﻮﺿــﻮع ﺛﻢ اﻟﺜﻤﺮة‬ ● Linguistically: To improve, to better, to

excel
● Technically: To recite the Quran by
‫ واﻻﺳﻢ‬.… ‫وﻧﺴـــﺒﺘﮫ وﻓﻀﻠﮫ واﻟﻮاﺿﻊ‬ giving every letter its due right by
‫واﻻﺳﺘﻤﺪاد ﺣُﻜﻢ اﻟﺸﺎرع‬ pronouncing it from its respective
articulation point and observing its
precise characteristics.
‫ وﻣﻦ دَرى‬.… ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋ ٌﻞ واﻟﺒﻌﺾُ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻛﺘﻔﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﺣـﺎز اﻟﺸﺮﻓﺎ‬
 Mentioning of Tajweed in the Quran
73:4
‫ِﯿﻼ‬
ً ‫أَوْ ِز ْد َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ َو َرﺗﱢﻞِ ٱ ْﻟﻘُﺮْ ءَانَ ﺗَﺮْ ﺗ‬
Or add to it, and recite the Qur’ān with measured recitation.
— Saheeh International

Ali ibn Abi Talib said tartil is the tajweed (prefecting) of the letters and the knowledge where to stop.
 Virtues of the Quran
ّ ‫ َروَاهُ اﻟﺒُﺨَﺎ ِر‬. «‫ » َﺧ ْﯿ ُﺮ ُﻛ ْﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ا ْﻟﻘُﺮْ آن وَﻋﻠﻤﮫ‬:َ‫ﷲُ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ َو َﺳﻠﱠﻢ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫ ﻗَﺎ َل َرﺳُﻮ ُل ﱠ‬:َ‫ﷲُ َﻋ ْﻨﮫُ ﻗَﺎل‬
َ ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦْ ُﻋ ْﺜﻤَﺎنَ رَﺿِ َﻲ ﱠ‬

‘Uthmān reported God’s messenger as saying, “The best among you is he

who learns and teaches the Qur’ān.”
Bukhārī transmitted it.

Mishkat al-Masabih 2109

https://sunnah.com/mishkat:2109
 What is the reward?
َ‫ ﻋَﻦِ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻗَﺎ َل " اﻟﱠﺬِي ﯾَ ْﻘ َﺮأُ ا ْﻟﻘُﺮْ آن‬،َ‫ ﻋَﻦْ ﻋَﺎﺋِ َﺸﺔ‬، ٍ‫ ﻋَﻦْ َﺳ ْﻌ ِﺪ ﺑْﻦِ ِھﺸَﺎم‬،‫ ﻋَﻦْ ُزرَا َرةَ ﺑْﻦِ أَوْ ﻓَﻰ‬،َ‫ ﻋَﻦْ ﻗَﺘَﺎ َدة‬،ٌ‫ َوھَﻤﱠﺎم‬،ٌ‫ َﺣ ﱠﺪﺛَﻨَﺎ ِھﺸَﺎم‬،َ‫َﺣ ﱠﺪﺛَﻨَﺎ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻢ ﺑْﻦُ إِ ْﺑﺮَاھِﯿﻢ‬
. " ِ‫َوھُ َﻮ ﻣَﺎ ِھ ٌﺮ ﺑِ ِﮫ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻔَ َﺮ ِة ا ْﻟ ِﻜﺮَامِ ا ْﻟﺒَ َﺮ َر ِة وَاﻟﱠﺬِي ﯾَ ْﻘ َﺮ ُؤهُ َوھُ َﻮ ﯾَ ْﺸﺘَ ﱡﺪ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ﻓَﻠَﮫُ أَﺟْ ﺮَان‬

'Aishah reported the Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬as saying: One who is skilled in the Qur'an is associated with the noble,
upright recording angels, and he who falters when he recites the Qur'an and finds it difficult for him will
have a double reward.

Sunan Abi Dawud 1454

https://sunnah.com/abudawud:1454
‫ أﻟﻢ‬:‫ واﻟﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺸﺮ أﻣﺜﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻻ أﻗﻮل‬،‫ "ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮأ ﺣﺮﻓًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﷲ ﻓﻠﮫ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‬: ‫ ﻗﺎل رﺳﻮل ﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ وﺳﻠﻢ‬: ‫ وﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد رﺿﻲ ﷲ ﻋﻨﮫ ﻗﺎل‬،‫ﺣﺮف‬
.((‫ ﺣﺪﯾﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬:‫ وﻣﯿﻢ ﺣﺮف"))راوه اﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬي وﻗﺎل‬،‫ وﻻم ﺣﺮف‬،‫وﻟﻜﻦ أﻟﻒ ﺣﺮف‬

Ibn Mas'ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (‫ )ﷺ‬said, "Whoever recites a
letter from the Book of Allah, he will be credited with a good deed, and a good deed gets a ten-fold reward. I
do not say that Alif-Lam-Mim is one letter, but Alif is a letter, Lam is a letter and Mim is a letter." [At-
Tirmidhi].

Riyad as-Salihin 999

https://sunnah.com/riyadussalihin:999
 Other virtues of learning tajweed
● It is associated with the book of Allah
○ People of Allah
● Motivates us to spend more time with the Quran
● It enhances one’s recitation
 The origin of the science of Tajweed

Allah Jibril Prophet Muhammad The Sahabah Tabieen Those After

‫ﷺ‬

The Quran is Teacher of the Teacher of the Teachers of the Students of the Scholars and
the speech of Prophet Companions Tabieen Companions, students like
Allah Muhammad Gathers of yourself
‫ﷺ‬ rules
Sent through oral Taught the Quran over The Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ Learned from the Preserve the Scholars who codified
transmission with 23 years. Jibril would memorized the Quran Prophet. Four authentic recitation the rules regarding
Tajweed. revise the Quran with then transmitted it to prominent carriers of during the spread of the science of
the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬each his companions. the Quran Abdullah Islam. (after the tajweed.
year. ibn Masud, Ubay ibn passing of the
Ka’ab, Muadh ibn Prophet ‫)ﷺ‬
Jabil, Salim.
 Imam Aseem & Imam Hafs
Imam Asim: Imam Hafs:

Tabi Step-son of Imam Asim

Learned from Abu Abdul Rahman al Sullami Learnt how to read the Quran from Imam
who learnt from Ali ibn Abi Talib. Asim

Learned from Zirr ibn Hubeesh who learned He was deemed the leading scholar of the
from Abdullah ibn Masood reading

His students: Abu Bakr ibn Ayyash and Hafs Mutawatir recitation
ibn Sulaiman ibn Mughira
 Obligation
Individual: Communal:

● Practical application ● One person needs

● Refrain from making both minor and ○ Theoretical knowledge
obvious mistakes to ensure the Quran is ○ Free of mistake
preserved.
 Types of Mistakes ‫اﻟﻠﺤﻦ اﻟﺠﻠﻲ واﻟﻠﺤﻦ اﻟﺨﻔﻲ‬
Major mistakes Minor mistakes

Changing the pronunciation of a letter

to another ex: ‫ ﻗﻠﺐ‬- ‫ﻛﻠﺐ‬
Not observing characterics of the
Changing the vowel letters

Lengthening a vowel unnecessarily or Not observing detail rules such as

not lengthening it ghunna

Stopping or starting in improper places (Do not change the meaning of the
in a verse verse)

(Change the meaning)

 Topics of Tajweed
1. Starting and Stopping
2. Rules of Prolongation
3. Articulation of Letters
4. Rules of Nasalisation
5. Characteristics of letters
 Etiquettes of a student of tajweed
For reciting the Quran For class

● Be in the state of wudu ● Attend all lesson

● To be in a clean setting ● Arrive on time
● To be in a distraction free setting ● Review your mistakes
● Say the ta'awwudh before reciting ● Complete all homework
● Make sufficient time to review Quran ● Try your best
● Make the Quran a priority ● Ask for help from the teacher
● Ask Allah for help
 Rules of the basmalah and ta’awwudh
● Saying
ِ‫ﺑِﺴْﻢِ ٱ ﱠٰ ِ ٱﻟﺮﱠﺣْ َٰﻤﻦِ ٱﻟﺮﱠﺣِ ﯿﻢ‬
○ At the beginning of a surah except surah Tawabah
■ Can be omitted if one starts from the middle of the
surah
● Saying ِ‫ﺸ ْﯿﻄَﺎنِ اَﻟﺮﱠﺟِ ﯿﻢ‬ ‫أَﻋُﻮ ُذ ﺑِﺎ ِ ﻣِﻦَ اﻟ ﱠ‬
○ At the beginning of recitation
○ Quietly if he is alone
○ Repeated if the recitation is broken (from speech, food, etc)
 More on the basmalah
1. Complete separation
2. Complete connection
3. Stopping after the first then connecting the second to the third
 Types of recitation
1. Tahqeeq- Precise
2. Hadr- Rapid
3. Tadweer- In between
 ‫‪1:1‬‬
‫ﺑِﺴْﻢِ ٱ ﱠ ِ ٱﻟﺮﱠﺣْ َﻤـٰﻦِ ٱﻟﺮﱠﺣِ ﯿﻢِ ‪Surah al Fatiha‬‬
‫‪1:2‬‬
‫ٱ ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ ِ ﱠ ِ رَبﱢ ٱ ْﻟ َﻌ ٰـﻠَﻤِﯿﻦَ‬
‫‪1:3‬‬
‫ٱﻟﺮﱠﺣْ َﻤـٰﻦِ ٱﻟﺮﱠﺣِ ﯿﻢِ‬
‫‪1:4‬‬
‫َﻣ ٰـﻠِﻚِ ﯾَﻮْ مِ ٱﻟﺪﱢﯾﻦِ‬
‫‪1:5‬‬
‫ك ﻧَ ْﺴﺘَﻌِﯿﻦُ‬ ‫ك ﻧَ ْﻌﺒُ ُﺪ َوإِﯾﱠﺎ َ‬
‫إِﯾﱠﺎ َ‬
‫‪1:6‬‬
‫ﺼ َٰﺮطَ ٱ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘَﻘِﯿ َﻢ‬ ‫ٱ ْھ ِﺪﻧَﺎ ٱﻟ ﱢ‬
‫‪1:7‬‬
‫ب َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮭ ْﻢ و ََﻻ ٱﻟﻀﱠﺂﻟﱢﯿﻦَ‬
‫ﺻِ َٰﺮطَ ٱﻟﱠﺬِﯾﻦَ أَ ْﻧ َﻌﻤْﺖَ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮭ ْﻢ َﻏ ْﯿ ِﺮ ٱ ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻐﻀُﻮ ِ‬
 Review Questions
1. What is the definition of tajweed?
2. What is a type of major mistake that we want to
avoid in tajweed?
3. Who was the teacher of Imam Hafs?
4. What is a virtue of studying tajweed?
a. What is the reason you are studying tajweed?
 Arabic Letters
● 28 letters
● Some similar to English letters: ‫م‬،‫ ل‬،‫ س‬، ‫ ز‬، ‫ ب‬،‫ا‬
● Some not found in English: ،‫ ق‬،‫ خ‬، ،‫ ح‬، ‫ ع‬، ‫ ه‬، ‫ أ‬، ‫ ص‬، ‫ض‬
‫ط‬
 ‫‪Letter Recognition‬‬

‫ابتثجحخدذرزسشصضطظغعفقكلمنويأ‬

‫اضذثعحمدتوزسيصبكنأجرقطلخظرشغ‬

‫اأ ب ت ث ن ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ غ ع ف ق م ك ل و ي‬
‫‪Sun and Moon Letters‬‬
‫ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺸﻤﺴﯿﺔ ‪ :‬ن ‪,‬ل ‪,‬ظ ‪,‬ط ‪,‬ض ‪,‬ص ‪,‬ش ‪,‬س ‪,‬ز ‪,‬ر ‪,‬ذ ‪,‬د ‪,‬ث ‪,‬ت‬

‫)اﻟﺼّﯿﻒ( ‪) ،‬اﻟﺼّﻤﺪ( ‪) ,‬اﻟﻀّﺤﻰ( ‪) ,‬اﻟﺮّﺣﻤﻦ( ‪) ,‬اﻟﺸّﻤﺲ ( ‪Examples:‬‬

‫ﺣﺮوف اﻟﻘﻤﺮﯾﺔ ‪ :‬ه ‪,‬ي ‪,‬و ‪,‬م ‪,‬ك ‪,‬ق ‪,‬ف ‪,‬غ ‪,‬ع ‪,‬خ ‪,‬ح ‪,‬ج ‪,‬ب ‪,‬أ‬

‫)اﻻرض( ‪Examples:‬‬
‫)اﻟْﻔﯿﻞ( ‪) ,‬اﻟْﯿﻮم(‪) ,‬اﻟْﻜﺘﺎب( ‪) ,‬اﻟْﻘﯿﺎﻣﺔ( ‪ْ ,‬‬
 Important Terminology
‫ ﺣﺮوف‬٠ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ Letter/s
‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺎت‬٠ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﮫ‬ Vowel/s
‫ ﻣﺨﺎرج‬٠ ‫ﻣﺨﺮج‬ Articulation point/s
‫ﺗﻨﻮﯾﻦ‬ Tanween
‫ﻣﺪ‬ Elongation
‫ﻏﻨﺔ‬ Nasalation
 Points of Articulation
‫ ﻣﺨﺎرج‬٠ ‫ﻣﺨﺮج‬

● Linguistically: “Place which something emerges” ‫ﺧﺮج‬

● Technical: “It is the articulation point from which a letter is
pronounced and distinguished from others.”
● 5 places
○ Oral passage
○ Throat
○ Nasal Passage
○ Tongue
○ Lips
 Oral Passage
● ‫اﻟﺠﻮف‬
● Letters of ‫ﻣﺪ‬
○ When the letter ‫ ا‬is preceded by ‫ــــَــــــــ‬
○ When the letter ‫ و‬is preceded by ‫ــُــــــ‬
○ When the letter ‫ ي‬is preceded by ‫ــــِـــــ‬
● ‫واي‬
● The empty space between the mouth and the chest
Example of ‫ ﻣﺪ‬- ‫ﻧﻮﺣﯿﮭﺎ‬
 ‫ﻣﺪ ‪Example of‬‬
‫ﺑَﺎ ﺑُﻮ ﺑِﻲ‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ ﻣُﻮ ﻣِﻲ‬
‫ﻓَﺎ ﻓﻮ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫زَا زُو زِي‬
‫ﻧَﺎ ﻧُﻮ ﻧِﻲ‬
‫ﻛَﺎ ﻛِﻲ ﻛُﻮ‬
‫دَا دُو دِي‬
‫ﺟَﺎ ﺟِ ﻲ ﺟُﻮ‬
 REVIEW
1. What are the maad letters?
2. What is the articulation point of the maad letter?
3. Read this examples
a. ‫َوﻣَﺎ‬
b. ٌ‫َﻋﺬَاب‬
c. ‫ﻓِﻲ‬
d. ‫َﻛﺜِﯿﺮًا‬
e. َ‫ﯾَ ْﻌ َﻤﮭُﻮن‬
f. ِ‫أُوْ ف‬
 Nasal Passage
● ‫اﻟﺨﯿﺸﻮم‬
● Characteristic of ‫ﻏﻨﺔ‬
● Applies to ‫ م‬and ‫ ن‬with ّ (shada)
● Hold for two counts
 ‫‪Examples of Ghunnah‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪ ،‬أَﻧﱠﻤَﺎ‪ِ .‬ﻣﻨﱠﺎ ‪ ،‬أَنﱠ ‪ ،‬إﻧﺎ ○‬
‫‪ ، - Meem mushadadh‬آ َﻣﻨﱠﺎ ‪ ،‬إِﻧﱠ َ‬

‫‪َ - Noon Mushadadh‬ﻋ ﱠﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓَﻠَﻤﱠﺎ ‪ ،‬أَﻣﱠﻦْ ‪ ،‬ﻓَﺈِﻣﱠﺎ‪ ،‬إِﻣﱠﺎ ○‬

 ‫‪1:1‬‬
‫‪Surah al‬‬ ‫‪Fatiha - Review‬‬ ‫ﺑِﺴْﻢِ ٱ ﱠ ِ ٱﻟﺮﱠﺣْ َﻤـٰﻦِ ٱﻟﺮﱠﺣِ ﯿﻢِ‬
‫‪1:2‬‬
‫ٱ ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ ِ ﱠ ِ رَبﱢ ٱ ْﻟ َﻌ ٰـﻠَﻤِﯿﻦَ‬
‫‪1:3‬‬
‫ٱﻟﺮﱠﺣْ َﻤـٰﻦِ ٱﻟﺮﱠﺣِ ﯿﻢِ‬
‫‪1:4‬‬
‫َﻣ ٰـﻠِﻚِ ﯾَﻮْ مِ ٱﻟﺪﱢﯾﻦِ‬
‫‪1:5‬‬
‫ك ﻧَ ْﺴﺘَﻌِﯿﻦُ‬ ‫ك ﻧَ ْﻌﺒُ ُﺪ َوإِﯾﱠﺎ َ‬
‫إِﯾﱠﺎ َ‬
‫‪1:6‬‬
‫ﺼ َٰﺮطَ ٱ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘَﻘِﯿ َﻢ‬ ‫ٱ ْھ ِﺪﻧَﺎ ٱﻟ ﱢ‬
‫‪1:7‬‬
‫ب َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮭ ْﻢ و ََﻻ ٱﻟﻀﱠﺂﻟﱢﯿﻦَ‬
‫ﺻِ َٰﺮطَ ٱﻟﱠﺬِﯾﻦَ أَ ْﻧ َﻌﻤْﺖَ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮭ ْﻢ َﻏ ْﯿ ِﺮ ٱ ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻐﻀُﻮ ِ‬
 Reading Practice
● Surah Ikhlas
● Surah Falaq
● Surah Nas
 Review Questions
1. What is an articulation point?
2. What are the two articulation points we covered?
a. What are the characteristics found in each?
3. Reading Surah Fatiha
 Review of ‫اﻟﺠﻮف‬
● Alif with a sukoon and before it is a fatha
● Waw with a sukoon and before it is a waw
● Ya with a sukoon and before it is a kasra
● Examples from the Quran

○ ‫ب‬
ِ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻐﻀُﻮ‬
○ َ‫ا ْﻟﻌَﺎﻟَﻤِﯿﻦ‬
○ ِ‫اﻟﺮﱠﺣْ َﻤـٰﻦ‬
 Review of ‫اﻟﺨﯿﺸﻮم‬
● This characteristic is called ghunnah
● When noon has a shada

○ ُ‫اﻟﻨﱡﻔُﻮس‬
○ ‫اﻟﻨﱡﺠُﻮ ُم‬
○ ‫اﻟْﺠِ ﻨﱠ ِﺔ‬
● When meem has a shada

○ ‫ﻓَﺄَﻣﱠﺎ‬
○ ‫ﺛُ ﱠﻢ‬
○ ْ‫ﻣﱢﻦ‬
 Makharij
● It is the articulation point from which a letter is pronounced and
distinguished from others.
○ Why is it important to study the makharij?
 ‫ اﻟﺤﻠﻖ‬- The Throat
● 6 letters
○ ‫ ءه‬- bottom of the throat
○ ‫ ع ح‬- middle of the throat
○ ‫ غ خ‬- top of the throat
 ‫ء ‪The letter‬‬
‫●‬ ‫‪Pronounced from the lowest part of the throat‬‬
‫●‬ ‫‪Examples from the Quran‬‬

‫○‬ ‫ﺖ ْاﻷَرْ ضُ ِز ْﻟﺰَاﻟَﮭَﺎ‬ ‫إِذَا ُز ْﻟ ِﺰﻟَ ِ‬

‫○‬ ‫أَ َرأَﯾْﺖَ اﻟﱠﺬِي ﯾُ َﻜﺬﱢبُ ﺑِﺎﻟﺪﱢﯾﻦِ‬
‫○‬ ‫ﺻ َﺪةٌ‬‫إِﻧﱠﮭَﺎ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿﮭِﻢ ﻣﱡﺆْ َ‬
‫○‬ ‫إ ﱠِﻻ ا ْﺑﺘِﻐَﺎ َء وَﺟْ ِﮫ َرﺑﱢ ِﮫ ْاﻷَ ْﻋ َﻞ‬
‫‪Practice Poem‬‬
‫ﻚآ‬
‫آ ﻟَ َ‬

‫ﻚآ‬
‫آ ﻟَ َ‬

‫أُوْ لِ ﻣِﻦَ اﻷُؤْ لِ ﺋِﺌَﺎءًا ﱠوﺋِﺌَﺎ ًءا‬

‫آن ِآنِ ﻓَﻘَ ْﺪ أَ ْﯾﺌًﺎ ﱠو ُﻣ َﺆ ْﯾﺌًﺎ‬

 ‫ء ‪Types of‬‬
‫‪● Hamza al Qat‬‬
‫إ‪ -‬أ‪ -‬ؤ‪ -‬ئ‪ -‬ء ‪○ It is can be written likes this:‬‬
‫‪● Hamza al Wasl‬‬
‫ﻚ ا ْﻟ ِﻜﺘَﺎبُ ○‬ ‫ذﻟِ َ‬
‫ك ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺠ َﺮ ○‬
‫ﻓَﻘُ ْﻠﻨَﺎ اﺿْ ﺮِب ﺑﱢ َﻌﺼَﺎ َ‬
‫ﻲ ا ْذھَﺒُﻮا ﻓَﺘَ َﺤ ﱠﺴﺴُﻮا ﻣِﻦ ﯾُﻮﺳُﻒَ ○‬ ‫ﯾَﺎ ﺑَﻨِ ﱠ‬
‫وَا ْﺳ ُﺠ ْﺪ وَا ْﻗﺘَﺮِب ○‬
‫آ ‪● Maad Alif:‬‬
‫آدَم ‪Example:‬‬
 The letter ‫ه‬
● Pronounced from the lowest part of the throat
● Similar to the H in English
● Examples in the Quran:
○ ‫ھﻞ‬
■ ‫ك َﺣﺪِﯾﺚُ ا ْﻟﻐَﺎﺷِ ﯿَ ِﺔ‬
َ ‫ھَﻞْ أَﺗَﺎ‬
○ ‫ھﻮ‬
■ ‫ﷲ أَ َﺣ ٌﺪ‬
ُ ‫ﻗُﻞْ ھُ َﻮ ﱠ‬
○ ‫ھﻢ‬
■ َ‫ب َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮭ ْﻢ و ََﻻ اﻟﻀﱠﺎﻟﱢﯿﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺻِ ﺮَاطَ اﻟﱠﺬِﯾﻦَ أَ ْﻧ َﻌﻤْﺖَ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮭ ْﻢ َﻏ ْﯿ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻐﻀُﻮ‬
‫‪Practice Poem‬‬
‫ﻚ ھَﺎ‬
‫ھَﺎ ﻟَ َ‬

‫ﻚ ھَﺎ‬
‫ھَﺎ ﻟَ َ‬

‫ھُﮭْﻞِ ﻣِﻦَ اﻟﮭُﮭْﻞ‬

‫ِھﮭَﺎھًﺎ ﱠو ِھﮭَﺎھًﺎ‬

‫ھَﺎنِ ھَﺎنِ ﻓَﻘَ ْﺪ ھَ ْﯿﮭًﺎ ﱠو ُﻣ َﺆ ْﯾﺌًﺎ‬

 Reading Practice
Surah Falaq
Reading Surah al Fatiha
 Review
1. What are the letters in the ‫? اﻟﺠﻮف‬
2. What are the letters in the ‫? اﻟﺨﯿﺸﻮم‬
3. What are the letters in the ‫? اﻟﺤﻠﻖ‬
 The letter ‫ع‬
● Pronounced from the middle part of the throat
○ By drawing your tongue back into the throat wall
● Examples from the Quran

○ ‫َوأَرْ َﺳ َﻞ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮭ ْﻢ طَ ْﯿﺮًا أَﺑَﺎﺑِﯿ َﻞ‬

○ َ‫ﻛ ﱠَﻼ ﺳَﻮْ فَ ﺗَ ْﻌﻠَﻤُﻮن‬
○ ‫ﻖ‬
ٍ َ‫اﻹﻧﺴَﺎنَ ﻣِﻦْ َﻋﻠ‬ ِْ ‫ﻖ‬ َ َ‫َﺧﻠ‬
○ ‫ب‬ِ ‫َﷲُ َﺷﺪِﯾ ُﺪ ا ْﻟ ِﻌﻘَﺎ‬‫و ﱠ‬
 The letter ‫ح‬
● Pronounced from the middle part of the throat
○ By drawing your tongue back into the throat wall
● Examples from the Quran

○ ‫ﻖ‬
‫ﻗَﺎﻟُﻮا ْاﻵنَ ﺟِ ﺌْﺖَ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﺤ ﱢ‬
○ َ‫َو ُﻛﻨﱠﺎ ﻟَﮭُ ْﻢ ﺣَﺎﻓِﻈِ ﯿﻦ‬
○ ‫ﻗُﻞْ ﺑَﻞْ ِﻣﻠﱠﺔَ إِ ْﺑﺮَاھِﯿ َﻢ َﺣﻨِﯿﻔًﺎ‬
 Reading Practice
Surah Falaq
 Mixed Review
‫ ه‬- adding a running air, just like an english H
‫ ح‬- sound we make when cleaning our glasses
‫ء‬- glottal stop
‫ع‬- saying ahh but pressing on the back of your
throat
‫غ‬- gargling sound
‫خ‬- getting something out of your sound
 ‫‪Mixed Review-‬‬
‫●‬ ‫ن ‪ vs‬ﻋَﻦْ‬
‫أَ ْ‬

‫َﻣﺄْﻟُﻮْ م ‪َ vs‬ﻣ ْﻌﻠُﻮْ م ●‬

‫أَﻟَ ْﻢ ‪َ vs‬ﻋﻠَ ْﻢ ●‬

‫ھَﺎﻣِﺪ ‪ vs‬ﺣَﺎﻣِﺪ ●‬

‫ﯾَ ْﮭﻤِﻞ ‪ vs‬ﯾَﺤْ ﻤِﻞ ●‬

‫‪Mixed Review-‬‬

‫ﻚ ﺣَﺎ‬ ‫ﺣَﺎ ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﻚ ﺣَﺎ‬ ‫ﺣَﺎ ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﻚ ﻋَﺎ‬ ‫ﻋَﺎ ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﻚ ﻋَﺎ‬ ‫ﻋَﺎ ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﻚ ھَﺎ‬
‫ھَﺎ ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﻚ ھَﺎ‬‫ھَﺎ ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﻚآ‬ ‫آ ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﻚآ‬ ‫آ ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﻚ ﺧَﺎ‬ ‫ﺧَﺎ ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﻚ ﺧَﺎ‬ ‫ﺧَﺎ ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﻚ ﻏَﺎ‬ ‫ﻏَﺎ ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﻚ ﻏَﺎ‬ ‫ﻏَﺎ ﻟَ َ‬
 Review
1. Letters of the throat
The Letter ‫غ‬
● This is pronounced from the top of the throat

● Elevate the back of the tongue and press it against the deepest part of the upper palate

● Examples from the Quran:

● ‫ﻚ َﻏﺪًا‬
َ ِ‫و ََﻻ ﺗَﻘُﻮﻟَﻦﱠ ﻟِﺸَﻲْ ٍء إِﻧﱢﻲ ﻓَﺎ ِﻋ ٌﻞ ٰ َذﻟ‬

● ‫َى ھَ ٰـﺬَا ﻏ َُﻼ ٌم‬

ٰ ‫ﻗَﺎ َل ﯾَﺎ ﺑُ ْﺸﺮ‬
The letter ‫خ‬
● This is pronounced from the top of the throat

● Elevate the back of the tongue and press it against the deepest part of the upper palate

● Examples from the Quran:

● ‫َﺧﻠَﻘَ ُﻜ ْﻢ‬

● ‫ﺧَﺎﻟِﺪِﯾﻦَ ﻓِﯿﮭَﺎ‬
Practice poems
 Review
● Letters of the oral passage
● Letters of the nasal passage
 ‫ اﻟﺸﻔﺘﯿﻦ‬- The Two Lips
● The letters: ‫و م ف ب‬
● Some of these letters are found in another makhraj
 The Letter ‫و‬
● The ‫ و‬is pronounced by the incomplete meeting of the lips
● Circling of the lips
● The letter ‫ و‬with a harakh comes from the lips
○ Review
■ What over makharij do we find the letter ‫و‬
○ Examples in the Quran
■ ‫َو َﻋ َﺪ‬
■ ٌ‫ُوﺟُﻮه‬
 The Letter ‫م‬
● When the outer part of the lips join together
● Review
○ What over makharij do we find the letter ‫و‬
● Examples from the Quran

○ َ‫وَا ْﻟ َﻤﺠُﻮس‬
○ ِ‫ﱠﻣﻘَﺎم‬
 The Letter ‫ب‬
● Pronounced with the inner part of the lips join together
● Pressing together firmly and quickly
○ Examples in the Quran:
■ ِ ّ ‫ﺑِﺎ‬
■ ‫َﻋﺬَاب‬
 The Letter ‫ف‬
● Articulate when the inside of the lower lip meets the edge of the upper incisors
○ Examples from the Quran:
○ ْ‫ﻓَﺎﻧﻈُﺮ‬
○ ‫ك‬
َ ‫ﻓُﺆَا َد‬
 Reading Practice
https://quran.com/page/603
 Tajweed
Arabic Letters

Makharij Sifaat

Without a With a
With Opposite Without Opposite
characteristic characteristic
 Tajweed
Vowels and
Marking َ ِ ُ ً ٍ ٌ ْ ‫آ و‬
Rules of Stopping
‫ﺻﻠﻲ ج ﻗﻠﻲ ﻻ ∴ ∴ ﻣـ‬

Rules of ‫ ل‬،‫ ر‬،‫ا‬ Heavy and Light

 ‫ اﻟﻠﺴﻦ‬- The tongue
● Majority of the letters come from this articulation
point
● Can be divided into 4 categories
○ Furthest point, middle, side, front tip,
● Letters : ‫ق ك ج ي ش ض ل ن رط ت د ز س ص ظ ث ذ‬
The deepest part of the tongue
 The letter ‫ق‬
● Deepest part of the tongue
● Pronounced by pressing the innermost part of the tongue against the palate and
uvula, while keeping the tongue elevated
● Examples in the Quran
○ ‫ﻟَﻘُﻮا‬
○ ‫ﻗَﺎﻟُﻮا‬
○ ‫ﻖ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﺤ ﱡ‬
 The letter ‫ك‬
● Deepest part of the tongue
● Slightly more forward than ‫ق‬
● Pronounced by pressing the innermost part of the tongue against the palate and
uvula, the tongue is lowered
● Resembles K in english
● Examples in the Quran
○ ‫ﻚ‬ َ ِ‫أُوﻟَ ٰـﺌ‬
○ ‫ﻟَ ُﻜ ُﻢ‬
○ ‫َﻛﻔَ َﺮ‬
Middle of the Tongue
 The letter ‫ج‬
● Middle of the tongue
● Pronounced by pressing the center of the tongue against the palate
● Resembles the letter J in english
● Examples from the Quran

○ ‫َﺟ َﻤ َﻊ‬
○ ‫ﺗﱢﺠَﺎ َرﺗُﮭُ ْﻢ‬
○ ‫ﺟَﺎ ِﻋ ٌﻞ‬
 The letter ‫ش‬
● Middle of the tongue
● Pronounced by pressing the center of the tongue against the palate
● Air flows out the mouth
○ hushing sound
● Examples from the Quran
○ ٌ‫ِﻏﺸَﺎ َوة‬
○ ‫َﺷﯿَﺎطِ ﯿﻨِ ِﮭ ْﻢ‬
○ ‫ﺷَﺮﱢ‬
 The letter ‫ي‬
● Middle of the tongue
● Pronounced by pressing the center of the tongue against the palate
● Only from the tongue when it is not a long vowel
● Examples from the Quran
○ ‫ﯾَ ْﺬ ُﻛ ُﺮ‬
○ ‫ﺑَ ْﯿﻨَﮭُﻤَﺎ‬
○ ِ‫اﻟﺪﱢﯾﻦ‬
 Review
● What are the 5 articulation points?
 The letter ‫ل‬
● The side of the tongue
● Tongue pressing against the base of the
front teeth (8)
● Resembles the L in English
‫ل‬
‫‪● Examples:‬‬
‫ﻟَﮫُ ○‬

‫ﺿﻼَلٍ ○‬
‫َ‬

‫ﻟِﯿَﻮْ مِ ○‬
 The letter ‫ض‬
● The side of the tongue
● Side (or both) of tongue meeting the
upper morals
● Tongue is elevated
‫ض‬
‫‪● Examples‬‬
‫ﺾ ○‬
‫َﻋﺮِﯾ ٍ‬

‫ﺿ ﱠﻞ ○‬
‫َ‬

‫ﺗَﺮْ ﺿَﻰ ○‬
 The letter ‫ن‬
● The tip of the tongue
● Tongue pressing against the base of the
front teeth (6)
● Resembles the n in English
‫ن‬
‫‪● Examples‬‬
‫ﻧَﻔْﺲٌ ●‬

‫ﺑَﻨِﻲ ●‬

‫اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﯿﻄَﺎنُ ●‬
 The letter ‫ر‬
● The tip of the tongue
● Tongue pressing against the base of the
front teeth (4)
● Tongue is elevated
‫ر‬
‫‪● Examples‬‬
‫رَبﱢ ○‬

‫َﻛﻔَﺮُو ْا ○‬

‫اﻟْﺤِ ﺠَﺎ َرةُ ○‬

 The letter ‫ز‬
● The tip of the tongue
● Pressing the tip of the tongue against the
root of the lower
● Buzzing sound
‫ز‬
‫‪● Examples‬‬
‫ُزﯾﱢﻦَ ○‬

‫أُﻧ ِﺰ َل ○‬

‫ﻓَﺎ َز ○‬
 The letter ‫س‬
● The tip of the tongue
● Pressing the tip of the tongue against the
root of the lower
● Hissing sound
‫س‬
‫‪● Examples:‬‬
‫ﻚ ○‬
‫ُﺳ ْﺒﺤَﺎﻧَ َ‬

‫إِ ْﺳﺮَاﺋِﯿ َﻞ ○‬

‫اﻟﻨﱠﺎسَ ○‬
 The letter ‫ص‬
● The tip of the tongue
● Pressing the tip of the tongue against the
root of the lower
● Hissing sound
● The back of the tongue is elevated
‫ص‬
‫‪● Examples:‬‬
‫ﺻِ ْﺒ َﻐﺔَ ○‬

‫ﻣُﺼْ ﻠِﺤُﻮنَ ○‬

‫ص ○‬
‫ﻣﱡﻮ ٍ‬
 The letter ‫ت‬
● Tip of the tongue pressed against the
base of the two front teeth
 The letter ‫د‬
● Tip of the tongue pressed against the
base of the two front teeth
 The letter ‫ط‬
● Tip of the tongue pressed against the
base of the two front teeth
● Back of tongue elevated
 The letter ‫ث‬
● Tip of tongue pronounced by pressing
the tip of the upper front teeth
● Flow of air
 The letter ‫ذ‬
● Tip of tongue pronounced by pressing
the tip of the upper front teeth
● Flow of air
 The letter ‫ظ‬
● Tip of tongue pronounced by pressing
the tip of the upper front teeth
● Flow of air
● Back of tongue elevated
‫ت‬
‫ك ●‬
‫ﺗَﺒَﺎ َر َ‬

‫ﺗُ َﺮﺑَﺔٌ ●‬

‫ﺗِﯿﻦٌ ●‬
‫د‬
‫َو َﻋ َﺪ ●‬

‫ﺻ ْﺪ َر ●‬
‫َ‬

‫اﻟﺪﱢﯾﻦِ ●‬
‫ط‬
‫طُ ْﻐﯿَﺎﻧِ ِﮭ ْﻢ ●‬

‫ت ●‬
‫طَﯿﱢﺒَﺎ ِ‬

‫طَﻌَﺎمٍ ●‬
‫ث‬
‫ﺛَﻼَﺛَﺔٌ ●‬

‫ِﻣﺜَﺎ َل ●‬

‫وَارَثٌ ●‬
‫ذ‬
‫َذﻟُﻮ ًل ●‬

‫ذَﻧﺐٌ ●‬

‫ا ْذ ُﻛﺮُوا ●‬
‫ظ‬
‫ظَﺎﻟِ ٌﻢ ●‬

‫َﺣﻔِﯿﻆٌ ●‬

‫ﻋَﻈِ ﯿ ٌﻢ ●‬
Articulation Point Arabic Characteristic Letters

1 The Oral Cavity ● ‫اوي‬

‫اﻟﺠﻮف‬

2 The Throat ● ‫ءهعحخغ‬

‫اﻟﺤﻠﻖ‬
3 The Tongue ● ‫قكجيشضل رلنطدت‬
‫اﻟﻠﺳﺎن‬ ‫ظثذصسز‬

4 The Lips ● ‫فوبم‬

‫اﻟﺸﻔﺘﯿﻦ‬
5 The Nasal ● ‫من‬
Cavity ‫اﻟﺨﯿﺸﻮم‬
 Manner of Articulation
● As Sifat
○ Differentiates letters that come from
the same articulation point
○ Each letter has multiple
characteristics
 Types of Sifat
● With an opposite ● Without an
opposite
 Without opposites
● Al Safeer - Whistling
● Al Leen - Softness
● Al Qalqala - Echoing
● Al Takreer - Repetition
● Al Tafashi - Diffusion
● Al Istitala - Extension
● Al Inhiraf - Inclination
 Al Safeer
● Whistling sound when pronouncing
‫صسز‬
● ْ‫اﻟ َﻮ ْﺳﻮَاس‬
 Al Leen
● Found on ْ‫ و‬and ْ‫ ي‬when preceded by a
fatha
● Diphthong
● ْ‫ﺧَﻮْ ف أَي‬
● ْ‫ﺑَﯿْﺖ أَو‬
● ‫ﻧَﻮْ م‬
● ‫َﻋﯿْﻦ‬
 Al Takreer
● Rolling/Repetition of the ‫ر‬
● One roll is fine
● Must avoid
 Al Tafashi
● Release of air when pronouncing ‫ش‬
● ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﯿﻄَﺎن‬
 Al Istiala
● Extension of the articulation point of ‫ض‬
○ Allowing the sound to spread
■ ‫اﻟﻀﱠﺎﻟِﯿﻦ‬
 Al Inhiraf
● Leaning of tongue away from makhraj
until it reaches the other
○ For letters ‫ ل‬and ‫ ر‬towards ‫ن‬
 Al Qalqala
● Letters ‫ ﻗُﻄْﺐُ َﺟ ٍﺪ‬when they have sukoon
● The bouncing/ echoing of a letter
 Types of Qalaqah
● Strongest
○ End of the verse
● Medium
○ End of the word
● Subtle
○ Middle of the word
Types of Qalaqah
 Characteristics with opposites
1. Al Hams - Al Jahr (Apparent-Whisper)
2. Al Shida- Al Tawassut - al Rakhawa (Strong -
Moderate - Loose)
3. Al Isti’la- Al Istifal (Elevating- Lowering)
4. Al Itbaq- Al Infitah (Closure-Opening)
5. Al Idhlaq- Al Ismat (Ease- Restraint)
 Al Hams - Al Jahr
1. Al Hams - Al Jahr (Whisper-Apparent)
● The flowing of the air when pronouncing the
letter
● Air can be felt
○ Letters: ‫ت ث ح خ س ش ص ف ك ه‬
‫ﻓﺤﺜﮫ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺳﻜﺖ‬
 Al Shida- Al Tawassut - al Rakhawa
2. (Strong - Moderate - Loose)
● Shida
○ Trapping the sound of the letter
● Al Tawassut
○ Partially trapped and partially flowing
○ Held before letting go
● Al Rakhawa
○ Flowing sound, holding on to the sound of the
letter
 Al Isti’la- Al Istifal
3. Al Isti’la- Al Istifal (Elevating- Lowering)
● Al Isti’la
○ Elevation of the deepest part of tongue to palate
○ Letters : ‫خ ص ض غ ط ظ ق‬
● Al Istifal
○ Lowering of the deeper part of the tongue to the
floor of the mouth
 Al Itbaq- Al Infitah
4. Al Itbaq- Al Infitah (Closure-Opening)
● Al Itbaq
○ Closure of the mouth when the tongue touches
the roof of the mouth
■ Letters: ‫ص ض ط ظ‬
● Al Infitah
○ Opening of the mouth
■ Remaining letters
 Al Idhlaq- Al Ismat
5. Al Idhlaq- Al Ismat (Ease- Restraint)
● Al Idhlaq
○ Ease and speed in pronunciation of letter
■ Letters: ‫ب ف ر ل م ن‬
● Al Ismat
○ Restraint and slowness in pronunciation of letter
■ Rest of letters
 Tajweed
Arabic Letters

Makharij Sifaat

Without a With a
With Opposite Without Opposite
characteristic characteristic
‫‪Sun and Moon Letters‬‬
‫)‪ (Merge‬ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺸﻤﺴﯿﺔ ‪ :‬ن ‪,‬ل ‪,‬ظ ‪,‬ط ‪,‬ض ‪,‬ص ‪,‬ش ‪,‬س ‪,‬ز ‪,‬ر ‪,‬ذ ‪,‬د ‪,‬ث ‪,‬ت‬

‫)اﻟﺼّﯿﻒ( ‪) ،‬اﻟﺼّﻤﺪ( ‪) ,‬اﻟﻀّﺤﻰ( ‪) ,‬اﻟﺮّﺣﻤﻦ( ‪) ,‬اﻟﺸّﻤﺲ ( ‪Examples:‬‬

‫)‪ (To make clear‬ﺣﺮوف اﻟﻘﻤﺮﯾﺔ ‪ :‬ه ‪,‬ي ‪,‬و ‪,‬م ‪,‬ك ‪,‬ق ‪,‬ف ‪,‬غ ‪,‬ع ‪,‬خ ‪,‬ح ‪,‬ج ‪,‬ب ‪,‬أ‬

‫)اﻻرض( ‪Examples:‬‬
‫)اﻟْﻔﯿﻞ( ‪) ,‬اﻟْﯿﻮم(‪) ,‬اﻟْﻜﺘﺎب( ‪) ,‬اﻟْﻘﯿﺎﻣﺔ( ‪ْ ,‬‬
 Heavy & Light Letters
● Letters that are always heavy:
○ ‫خصضغقطظ‬
■ Letters of isti’la (elevating)
● Letters that are conditional: ‫ل ر‬
● Letters that are always light:
○ ‫بتثجحدذعفكمنهءوي‬
■ Letters of istifal (lowering)
 Heavy Letters
● Heaviest when it has a fatha followed by
an alif
● When the letter has a fatha alone
● When the letter has a dummah + wow
● When the letter has a sukoon
● When the letter has a kasra alone with a
ya
 ‫‪Heavy Letters‬‬
‫●‬ ‫طَﺎبَ‬
‫●‬ ‫ﻖ‬
‫َﺧﻠَ َ‬
‫●‬ ‫ﻗُﻮْ ﻟُﻮا‬
‫●‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫أَﺿْ َﺤ َ‬
‫●‬ ‫طِ ﯿْﻦٍ‬
 Conditional Letters
● ‫ل‬
○ Only heavy in the name of ‫ ﷲ‬when it
preceded by َ or ُ
● ِ‫ آﯾَﺎتُ ﷲ‬، ُ‫َﺧﺘَ َﻢ ﷲ‬
○ Light if preceded by ِ
■ ِ‫ﺑِﺴْﻢِ ﷲ‬
 Conditional Letters
● ‫ ر‬when its heavy
○ At the beginning/middle of word
■ Heavy
● ١ َ or ُ
● ٢ ْ preceded by َ or ُ
● ٣ preceded ِ by and followed by a heavy
letter with َ or ُ
 Conditional Letters
● ‫ر‬
○ At the beginning/middle of word
● If it has ْ preceded by hamzatul wasl with ِ
○ End of the word
■ If is preceded by a َ or ُ
■ If it has a ْ and is preceded by a ‫ و‬maad
■ If it has a ْ and is preceded by a ‫ ا‬maad
 Conditional Letters
● ‫ ر‬when its light
○ If it has a ِ
○ If has a ْ and preceded by a ‫ ي‬mad
○ If has a ْ and preceded by a ِ
 Light Letters
● Reaming letters;
○ ‫ا ب ت ث ج ح د ذ ر س ش ع ف ك م ن ءه و ي‬
 Hams

Flowing of air
Jahr

Obs
tru
ctio
n of
flo
w
 Shiddah - Al Rakhawa
Shiddah: Continuation of SOUND when it
has a sukoon
Rakhawa: Stoppage of SOUND when it has
a sukoon
 Isti’ala

Back of the tongue is raised toward the upper

palate does not make contact like itbaq letters
 Safeer

Whistling sound
Qalqalah

Bouncing
Leen

Ease
Inhiraaf
 Istitaalah

Only found on sukoon or shaddah,

extension of sound
 Tafash-shee

Spreading sound
 Maad’s
● Linguistic: It is an increase
● Technical: It is the prolongation of the
sound of any of the letters of maad as
result of the presence of a cause of
maad.
● Maad letters: ‫ا و ي‬
● Consistency is required throughout the
ayat
 Maad Al Tabi’i
● A normal prolongation
● Two counts
● Occurs when a maad letter is silent and
on the preceding letter it is
corresponding harakat
● Examples: ‫ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ِﻌﺒَﺎ ِد‬ َ‫ﺻَﺎ ِدﻗِﯿﻦ‬ َ‫ﯾَ ْﺸ ُﻌﺮُون‬
 Maad Al-Badl
● When the hamza precedes a maad letter
● Two counts
● Examples: ‫ءَا َد َم أُوﺗُﻮ ْا إِﯾﻤَﺎﻧًﺎ‬
 Maad Al-Iwad
● The compensated prolongation that
occurs only at the end of the word that
has tanween fatha ً‫ ا‬when stopping
○ Examples:
○ ‫َﻋﺬَاﺑًﺎ أَﻟِﯿﻤًﺎ َﻋﻠِﯿﻤًﺎ ﺧﺒﯿ ٌﺮ َﺧﺒِﯿﺮًا‬ ‫ﻧِﺴَﺎ ًء‬
Written
○ ‫َﺧﺒِﯿﺮءَا‬ ‫ ﻧِﺴَﺎءَا َﻋﺬَاب ءَا أَﻟِﯿﻢءَا َﻋﻠِﯿﻢءَا‬Read
 Maad Al- Leen
● The ease prolongation takes place when
stopping after the words that contain
the leen letters ْ‫ و‬and ْ‫ي‬
● Two, four, or six counts
● Only pronounced when stopping
● Examples: ٌ‫ﺼﯿْﻒِ ﺧَﻮْ ف‬
‫ﺖ اﻟ ﱠ‬
ِ ‫أَ ْھ َﻞ اﻟﺒَ ْﯿ‬
 Maad al Muttasil
● The connected prolongation when a ‫ء‬
follows a maad letter within the same
word
● Either four or five counts
● Example: ُ‫اﻟ ﱠﺴﻤَﺂء اﻟﺴﱠﺂﺋﻞ وَﺟِ ﺎ۟ىٓ َء ٱﻟﺴﱡﻮٓ َء اﻟﻤَﻶﺋِ َﻜﺔ‬
 Maad al Munfasil
● The disconnected prolongation when a ‫ء‬
follows a maad letter in the next word
● Examples:
● ‫ﻓِﻰٓ أَﻧﻔُﺴِ ُﻜ ْﻢ‬

● ‫ﻗُﻮٓ ا۟ أَﻧﻔُ َﺴ ُﻜ ْﻢ‬

● ُ‫ﺑِﻤَﺂ أَﻧ َﺰﻟْﺖ‬

 Maad Al Silah Al Sughra
● The connecting prolongation occurs on
the pronoun ‫ــﮫ‬
● ُ‫ ــﮫ‬or ‫ــ ِﮫ‬
● Two counts
● Pronounced when connecting and not
followed by a hamza
● Example: ‫ﻟَ ۥﮫُ ﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ِﻋﺒَﺎ ِد ِهۦ َﺧﺒِﯿﺮًا‬ ‫ِﻛﺘَ ٰـﺒَ ۥﮫُ َورَآ َء‬
 Maad Al Silah Al Kubrah
● The connecting prolongation occurs on
the pronoun ‫ــﮫ‬
● ُ‫ ــﮫ‬or ‫ــ ِﮫ‬
● Four or five counts
● Pronounced when connecting and
followed by a hamza
● Example: ُ‫ﻣَﺎﻟَ ٓۥﮫُ أَﺧْ ﻠَ َﺪ ۥه‬ ۚ ‫ھَ ٰـ ِﺬ ِٓهۦ إِﯾ َﻤ ٰـ ًۭﻨﺎ‬
 Maad al Lazim al Kalimi
● When a letter with a shaddaa follows a
madd letter
● Six counts
● When a maad letter is followed by a
letter with a shadda
● Examples: َ‫ﺖ ﺣَﺂﻓﱢﯿﻦَ ٱﻟﻀﱠﺂﻟﱢﯿﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺼ ٰـٓﻔﱠ ٰـ‬
‫وَٱﻟ ﱠ‬
 Maad al Lazim al Harfi
● The disjointed letters, al huruf al
muqatta’a
● ‫ ا‬is not prolonged
● 2 counts ‫ح ي ط ه ر‬
● 4 counts ‫ع‬
● 6 counts ‫ن ق ص ع س ل ك م‬
Examples: ٓ‫ا ٓﻟ ٓﻢ صٓ ۚ ﻛٓﮭﯿﻌٓﺺ‬
 Maad al Tamkeen
● When the ْ‫ ي‬is preceded by another ‫ي‬ ّ
● Two counts
● Examples: َ‫َٱﻷُ ﱢﻣﯿﱢـۧﻦَ ٱﻟﻨﱠﺒِﯿﱢـۧﻦ‬
ْ ‫و‬
■ َ‫واﻷُ ِﻣﯿﱢﯿْﻦَ اﻟﻨَﺒِﯿﱢﯿْﻦ‬
 Maad Al Farq
● Distinguishing maad when the
questioning ‫ ء‬is followed by a hamza al
wasl
● Six counts
● Example: ُ ‫ءَآﻟ ﱠﺬ َﻛ َﺮﯾْﻦِ ﻗُﻞْ ءَآ ﱠ‬
 Silent Alif
● The function of ‫ ا‬is elongation
● Some ‫ ا‬are not stretched, they have a ْ
above it
7 Silent Alifs
 Ghunnah
● Linguistic: a sound that comes from the
nasal passage
● Technical: a melodious sound that is in
the essence of ‫ ن‬and ‫م‬, it beautifies the
reaction
○ ِ‫ﻟَﯿْﺲَ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ ﻣَﻦْ ﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾَﺘَﻐَﻦﱠ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻘُﺮْ آن‬
 Types of Ghunnah
● ‫ ْم‬,

● ْ‫ ن‬, tanween

● ‫ّم‬

● ّ‫ن‬
 Noon Sakinah and Tanween
1. Al Idhar- Make clear
2. Al Idgham- Merge
3. Al Iqlab - Change
4. Al Ikhfa- Hide
 Idhar
● To Make Clear
● ‫ء ه ع ح غ خ‬
● Pronounce the sukoon clearly and
completely, without ghunnah
● ‫َو ِﻣﻤﱠﻦْ ﺣَﻮْ ﻟَ ُﻜ ْﻢ‬ ‫َﻋﺬَابٌ ﻋَﻈِ ﯿ ٌﻢ‬

● َ‫ﻣِﻦْ أَ ْھﻠِﻚ‬ ‫َﻋﻔُﻮًا َﻏﻔُﻮرًا‬

 Idgham
● Merging
● With Ghunnah : ‫ي م و ن‬
● Without Ghunnah : ‫ل ر‬
● Merging the sound of the noon into the
following letter
○ Making ghunnah sound if necessary
 Examples of Idgham
● With Ghunnah : ً‫ُﺟ ْﻤﻠَﺔً وَﺣِ َﺪة‬ ‫أَنْ ﯾُﺘﱢ ُﻢ‬

● Without Ghunnah : ‫َوأَنْ ﻟَﯿْﺲَ ﺛَﻼَﺛَﺔٌ رَاﺑِ ُﻌﮭُ ْﻢ‬

● *In the same word : ‫اﻟ ُﺪ ْﻧﯿَﺎ‬

 Iqlab
● To change
● Changing the soon of the noon or
tanween into meem
● Press the lips together to make the
meem sound
 Ikhfa
● To hide
● The sound of noon is hidden in the nose
through the formation of the ghunnah
● Examples
○ ‫ت إِنْ َﺷﻜَﺮْ ﺗُ ْﻢ َﻋﺰِﯾ ٌﺰ ذُو ا ْﻧﺘِﻘَﺎمٍ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻜ ْﻢ‬
ٍ ‫ض ﺗَﻤُﻮ‬
ٍ ْ‫أَر‬
 Meen sakinah
1. Al Idhar Al Shafawi- Make clear
2. Al Idgham- Merge
3. Al Ikhfa Al Shafawi- Hide
 Al Ikhfa al Shafawi
● To hide
● The sound of the meem is hidden in the ba while applying
the ghunna
● Occurs when ‫ ب‬comes after meem sakinah
● Press the lips together while doing the ghunnah (prepares
the sound of ‫)ب‬
Examples of Ikhfa al Shafawi
 Idgham al Shafawi
● Merging
● The sound of the meems merge together
● When the ‫ م‬comes after a meem sakinah
●
Examples of Idgham al Shafawi
 Idhar al Shafawi
● To make clear
● Pronounce the meem sakinah without doing ghunna
● All remaining letters except ‫ ب‬and ‫م‬
Examples of Idhar al Shafawi
 Review
● What is the reward for reciting one
letter from the Quran?
● 3,253,840
● Who is Imam Hafs?
● What types of mistakes do we have in
tajweed?
 Review
● Do you have to recite bismillah if
starting in the middle of a surah?
● How many points of articulations are
there?
○ Name them
 Review
● What letters come from the Nasal
Passage?
● What letters come from the Oral
Passage?
● What letters come from the Throat?
● What letters come from the Lips?
● What letters come from the Tongue?
 Review
● What is sifat?
● What is Qalaqah?
● What are sun and moon letters?
● What are heavy and light letters?
 Review
● What is maad?
● How many counts can a maad be?
● What are the causes/signs of maad?
 Review
● What is ghunnah?
● What are the 4 cases ghunnah?
○ And the types that come under them?
 Starting and Stopping
● Technical Definition: It is being recited to avoid
corruption of the meaning by inappropriate places
of stopping and starting
● Ali ibn Abi Talib said tartil is the tajweed
(prefecting) of the letters and the knowledge
where to stop.
● The stop can be at the end of an aayah,
or in the middle of an aayah.
 Types of Stopping
1. The examination stop
2. The necessary stop
3. The voluntary stop
 The voluntary stop
● Voluntary stop
● Requires understanding of the Arabic
language
● 1. Complete stop
● 2. Sufficient stop
● 3. Good stop
● 4. Repulsive stop
 The examination stop
When someone is reciting to a teacher and
they request you to stop
 The Necessary Stop
● Stopping out necessity
○ Losing breath, couching, sneezing
 Remaining rules
● A stop cannot occur in the middle of the
word
If the word ends with
● Fathatain ً you read it as stretched ‫ا‬
○ ‫ أﺣﺪَا‬- ‫أﺣﺪًا‬
● Other harakat end with ْ
○ ‫ أﺣ ْﺪ‬- ‫ أﺣ ٌﺪ‬, ْ‫ ﺗَ ْﻌ َﻤﻠُﻮن‬- َ‫ﺗَ ْﻌ َﻤﻠُﻮن‬
 Remaining rules
● If the words ends
○ A‫ة‬
■ Read with ‫ه‬
● Ex ً‫ ﻣَﺎﺋِ َﺪة‬- ‫ﻣَﺎﺋِ َﺪ ْه‬
● * words ending with sukoon and madd
stay the same: ‫ َﻣ َﻌ ُﻜ ْﻢ‬and ‫أَطِ ﯿﻌُﻮا‬