Geometric Design of Highways and Streets

2023

Assignment 1 (15%) 01/09/2023

1. Explain the horizontal and vertical alignment in geometric design of highway
Engineering.
2. Write about method of setting out of curve in horizontal and vertical.
3. Write the element of cross section include in right way of highway.
4. Compute all necessary data (radius, tangent, and length of the curve, length of the
chord, mid-ordinate, external distance and stations of the Pc and Pt for the
circular curves by using the following data. Use recommended length of the
chord definition for the rail way and the arc definition for highway curves.
A. Rail way curve with Dc =40 , ∆= 240 and PI station =36+15.00m
B. Highway curve with Da = 20 400 , ∆= 140200 , and PI station =24+25.00m
5. Show that the length of the line joining mid points of curve and long chord is
given by R*(1-cos∆/2) where R is the radius of the curve and ∆ is the total
deflection angle.

Given figure

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6. Calculate the ordinate at 10m distance offset for a circular curve having a long
chord of 100m and versine of 4m.
7. Calculate or determine the offset to be set out at 10m interval along tangent to
locate a 320m curve at the deflection of 60o.
8. The chainage of the intersection point of two straights is 1060m and the angle of
intersection is 120m.if radius of a circular curve to be set out is 570m, and peg
interval is 30m, determine the tangent length, length of the curve, the chainage at
the beginning and end of the curve, the length of the long chord, the length of the
sub-chords and total number of chords. Then set out by offsets from long chords
method.
9. A 500m curve is to be set out between two roads intersect at station 12+300m and
having the intersection angle of 1080. Find the chain age of tangent lengths and
calculate all the necessary data to set out this curve by deflection angle method at
every 20m full station.
10.A circular curve of 12.5chains radius is to be set out between two straight line
having deflection angle of 450 20’ right and chain age of the point of intersection is
112+10.calculate the necessary data for setting out the curve by the method of
offsets from the chord produced taking the length of chain as 20m.
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 You can do it by 6 into one group = 36/6 = 6 group only.

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 You can write by your hand or on Microsoft ward.
 End date 25/09/2015.
Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
2023

Answers
1. Horizontal Curves are defined as the curves used in horizontal planes to connect two straight
tangent sections. There are different types of horizontal curves. They are described as follows:
Like simple circular curve, compound, reverse transition (spiral), broken back, horse shoes and
deviation. And also include method of setting out curve in the horizontal curve. Tangent, Or
Straight Section, Circular Curve, Transition Curve (Spiral) and Super Elevation Section.
Widening, Sight Distance are the element of horizontal curves.
Vertical curve
 Are parabolic curves used to provide a gradual change from one tangent grade to another
so that vehicles may run smoothly as they traverse the highway.
 is provides a transition between two sloped roadways, allowing a vertical to negotiate the
elevation rate change at a gradual rate rather than a sharp cut.
 The curve in a vertical alignment which is produced when two different gradients meet is
known as vertical curves.
 It is provided to secure safety, appearance and visibility.
 The design of the curve is dependent on the intended design speed for the roadway, as
well as other factors including drainage, slope, acceptable rate of change, and friction.
2. Methods of setting out of simple circular curve
 The operation of the fixing curve data on their exact location and position in order to
achieve the predetermined aim of curve.

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  There are different methods of setting out of the circular curve based on the instrument
Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
employed; we have the following methods of setting out circular curves: 2023
I. Linear (tape and chain) method
II. Instrumental (angular) method

I. Linear (Tape) method

In this method the curve is set out using only tape or chain and no angular observation is
required. It is employed for short length curves and where accuracy( less accuracy) or is not that
important as well as not recommended for large curve. The following four methods are
commonly used under this heading
1. Offsets from the tangents
2. Offsets from the long chord
3. Successive bisection of chord
4. Chord production method
II. Instrumental method
 Are mandatory to measure angle.
 Is called angular method .
 Applied when there is observed angle value by instrument
 Is recommended for large curve
 Is the most popular and it is called rankine’s deflection or tangential angle method.
 Based on Instrument it is used angular method of setting out can be classified as
1. Tape and theodolite (deflection angle method)
2. Two theodolite method
3. Total station method

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4. Tacheometry method
Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
Rankine’s method of Deflection Angle Method (Tangential angles method):-
2023
 The method requires one theodolite and a tape or two theodolites.
 This method is useful for setting out a circular curve of long length and of large radius.
 Based on the principle that deflection angle measured by the one half angle subtend by arc
from Pc point .
 It yields good results except when the chords are long as compared to the radius, so that the
variation between the length of an arc and its chord becomes considerable.
 It is quite accurate and is frequently used on highways and railways.
 It is very accuracy
 It is time consumer

3. Write the element of cross section include in right way of highway.

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4. Compute all necessary data
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5. Show that the length of the line joining mid points of curve and long chord is
M = R*(1-cos∆/2)
OC = OD +DC, OD = OC- DC , R =R- M…..2
cos∆/2 = op/opc, OD = OPC*cos∆/2…….1
equate 1 &2
OPC*cos∆/2 = R- M
-(- M = OPC*cos∆/2- R)
M = -OPC*cos∆/2+ R)
M = R-R*cos∆/2 = R(1- cos∆/2)

6. Calculate the ordinate at 10m distance offset for a circular curve having a long chord of 100m
and versine of 4m.

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7. Calculate or determine the offset to be set out at 10m interval along tangent to locate a 320m
curve at the deflection of 600.
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8. Set out by offsets from long chords method.

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9. Find the chain age of tangent lengths and calculate all the necessary data to set out this curve by
deflection angle method at every 20m full station.

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10. Calculate the necessary data for setting out the curve by the method of offsets from the chord
produced taking the length of chain as 20m.

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