ASME BPVC.II.

A-2023 SA-727/SA-727M

SPECIFICATION FOR CARBON STEEL FORGINGS FOR

PIPING COMPONENTS WITH INHERENT NOTCH
TOUGHNESS

SA-727/SA-727M ð23Þ

(Identical with ASTM Specification A727/A727M-14(2019).)

1195
 SA-727/SA-727M ASME BPVC.II.A-2023

Specification for
Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components with Inherent
Notch Toughness

1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

1.1 This specification covers forged carbon steel piping Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
components intended primarily for service in pressure piping mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
systems from −20 to +650 °F [−30 to +345 °C] where inherent Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
notch toughness is desired, but where notch toughness testing 2. Referenced Documents
is not required. Included are forged or ring-rolled flanges,
forged fittings, and valves made to specified dimensions, or to 2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in
dimensional standards such as the ASME and API specifica- Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards
tions referenced in Section 2. apply to this specification.
1.2 This specification is limited to forgings with maximum 2.2 ASTM Standards:
finished section thicknesses no larger than 2 in. [51 mm]. A350/A350M Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel
Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping
1.3 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to deter- Components
mine whether material meeting the requirements of this speci- A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
fication is satisfactory for the service application. quirements
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
only when specified by the purchaser in the order. Piping Applications
NOTE 1—There are no provisions for impact testing in this specifica-
E59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
tion. When impact testing is required, refer to Specification A350/A350M. of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units 2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the Section II, Material Specifications, Part C
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate- SFA 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units. B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units rous Valves
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each B 16.30 Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system 2.4 API Standards:
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values 600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the 602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery
standard. Use
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-

1196
 ASME BPVC.II.A-2023 SA-727/SA-727M

605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges min/25 mm] of maximum section thickness, with minimum
2.5 MSS Standard: holding time at tempering temperature not less than 30 min.
MSS SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
Flanges, and Unions 6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
3. General Requirements and Ordering Information chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to 6.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used.
the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase 7. Mechanical Requirements
order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification
7.1 Tension Tests:
A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this specifica-
7.1.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to require-
tion. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this
ments for tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.
specification and Specification A961/A961M, this specification
7.1.1.1 The test specimen shall be obtained from a rough or
shall prevail.
finished production forging, or prolongation thereof, or it may
3.2 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the be obtained from separately forged test blanks from the same
purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase heat of steel as the production forging. The test blank shall be
the needed material. Examples of such information include but reduced by forging in a manner similar to that for the products
are not limited to the following: represented, shall receive approximately the same hot working
3.2.1 Additional requirements (see 16.1). and reduction, be of the same nominal thickness, and receive
the same heat treatment as the finished products represented.
4. Materials and Manufacture The test material shall be treated in the same furnace at the
4.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following same time as the forging it represents, subject to the require-
processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace, and ments of 7.1.2.1.
shall be fully killed, fine-grain practice.
4.2 Forgings shall be manufactured from ingots, blooms,
billets, slabs, or bars. These items shall be forged, rolled, or TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
strandcast. Elements Composition, %

4.3 A sufficient discard shall be made from the ingot to Carbon

Heat Analysis 0.25 max
secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation. Product Analysis 0.28 max
Manganese
4.4 The finished product shall be a forging as defined by the Heat Analysis 0.90 to 1.35
Terminology section of Specification A788/A788M. Product Analysis 0.84 to 1.41
Phosphorus
Heat Analysis 0.035 max
5. Heat Treatment Product Analysis 0.043 max
5.1 Following plastic working, the forging manufacturer Sulfur
Heat Analysis 0.025 max
shall heat treat the forgings by normalizing, or normalizing and Product Analysis 0.033 max
tempering, or quenching and tempering. Silicon
5.1.1 Normalizing—The procedure for normalizing shall Heat Analysis 0.15 to 0.30
Product Analysis 0.13 to 0.32
consist of uniformly heating the forgings to a temperature Nickel
between 1550 and 1700 °F [845 and 925 °C], holding a Heat Analysis 0.40A
sufficient time to attain uniform temperature throughout, and Product Analysis 0.43
Chromium
cooling in still air. The forging shall be at a temperature below Heat Analysis 0.30A,B
1000 °F [540 °C] before heating for normalizing. Product Analysis 0.34
5.1.2 Quenching—The procedure for quenching shall con- Molybdenum
Heat Analysis 0.12A,B
sist of uniformly heating the forging to a temperature between Product Analysis 0.13
1550 and 1700 °F [845 and 925 °C], holding a sufficient time Copper
to attain uniform temperature throughout, and quenching into a Heat Analysis 0.40A
Product Analysis 0.43
suitable liquid medium. The forging shall be at a temperature Niobium (Nb)C
below 1000 °F [540 °C] before heating for quenching. Heat Analysis 0.02
5.1.3 Tempering—The procedure for tempering shall consist Product Analysis 0.03
Vanadium
of reheating the forging subsequent to normalizing or quench- Heat Analysis 0.05
ing to a temperature of at least 1100 °F [595 °C], but not above Product Analysis 0.055
the lower transformation temperature, for 30 min/in. [30 A
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %
on heat analysis.
B
The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat
analysis.
C
Niobium and columbium are interchangeable names for the same element and
both names are acceptable for use in A01.22 specifications.

1197
 SA-727/SA-727M ASME BPVC.II.A-2023

TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements 11. Rework and Retreatment

Tensile strength, ksi [MPa] 60.0 to 85.0 [415 to 585]
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa]A 36.0 [250]
11.1 If the results of mechanical tests do not conform to the
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 22 requirements specified, the manufacturer may reheat treat the
Reduction of area, min, % 30 forgings represented, and shall retest to the applicable require-
A
Determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under-load ments.
method.
11.2 Individually tested forgings meeting all requirements
shall be acceptable.

12. Surface Finish, Appearance, and Corrosion

Protection
7.1.2 Number of Tests—One tension test at room tempera-
ture shall be made for each nominal wall thickness 6 1⁄4 in. 12.1 The requirements of Specification A961/A961M apply
[6 6 mm] from each heat in each heat treatment charge. to forgings and finished parts.
7.1.2.1 If heat treatment is performed in either a continuous
or a batch-type furnace controlled within 6 25 °F [6 14 °C] of 13. Repair by Welding
the required heat-treatment temperature, and equipped with 13.1 Repair of defects by welding shall be permitted at the
recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treat- discretion of the forging manufacturer.
ment are available and if the same heat treating cycles are used 13.2 Repair by welding shall be made using welding pro-
on the forgings represented by the tension test, then one tension cedures and welders qualified in accordance with Section IX of
test per nominal wall thickness 6 1⁄4 in. [6 6 mm] from each the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. When forgings are
heat shall be required, instead of one tension test per nominal heat treated after repair welding, the qualification test plates
wall thickness from each heat in each heat-treatment charge. shall be subjected to the same heat treatment. The mechanical
7.1.3 Test Locations and Orientations—The test specimen properties of the qualification test plates shall conform to
shall be removed from the midwall of the heaviest section of Section 7.
the forging or test blank.
13.3 Only electrode classifications with the -A1 designator
7.1.3.1 The test specimen shall have its longitudinal axis shall be used (for example, E71T1-A1). SMAW, GMAW,
located parallel to the direction of major working of the forging FCAW or GTAW may be used. The GMAW process is limited
or test blank, except for flanges and rings the test specimen to either the spray transfer or pulsed arc process. The FCAW
shall be in the tangential direction. process is limited to repair of carbon or carbon-molybdenum
7.1.4 Test Method—Testing shall be performed as specified base materials only. Electrodes shall conform to the applicable
in Specification A961/A961M using the largest feasible of the AWS A5 electrode specification.
round specimens.
13.4 Forgings repair welded in the normalized, normalized
7.2 Hardness Test: and tempered, or the quenched and tempered conditions shall
7.2.1 Requirements—If the production forgings are liquid- be stress-relieved after repair welding at 1100 °F [595 °C]
quenched and tempered, hardness of the forgings shall not minimum, but not higher than the temperature previously used
exceed 187 HBW after heat treatment. The purchaser may for tempering the base metal of the same forging, or shall be
verify that the requirement has been met by testing at any reheat treated in accordance with Section 5.
location on the forgings provided such testing does not render
the forgings useless. 14. Inspection
14.1 All tests and inspections shall be made at the place of
8. Heat Analysis manufacture, unless otherwise agreed, except for product
8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made from analysis (see 9.1).
samples taken preferably during the pouring of the heat. The
15. Rejection and Rehearing
results shall conform to Table 1.
15.1 Each forging that develops injurious defects during
9. Product Analysis shop working or application shall be rejected and the manu-
facturer notified.
9.1 A product analysis may be made by the purchaser on
samples taken in accordance with Practice E59. The results 16. Certification
shall conform to Table 1.
16.1 In addition to the certification requirements of Speci-
fication A961/A961M, test reports shall be furnished to the
10. Hydrostatic Test
purchaser or his representative. Test reports shall provide the
10.1 Forgings manufactured under this specification shall be following where applicable:
capable of passing a hydrostatic test compatible with the rating 16.1.1 Type heat treatment, Section 5,
of the finished forging. Such tests shall be conducted by the 16.1.2 Chemical analysis results, Section 6, (Table 1),
forging manufacturer only when Supplementary Requirement reported results shall be to the same number of significant
S8 in Specification A961/A961M is specified. figures as the limits specified in Table 1 for that element,

1198
 ASME BPVC.II.A-2023 SA-727/SA-727M

16.1.3 Product analysis results, Section 9 (Table 1), 17.1.2 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with
16.1.4 Tensile properties results, Section 7 (Table 2), report the letter “W” following the specification designation.
the yield strength and tensile strength in ksi [MPa], and 17.2 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 17.1,
elongation and reduction of area in percent, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identification
16.1.5 Hardness results, 7.2, and method. The purchaser may specify in the order a specific bar
16.1.6 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase coding system to be used. The bar coding system, if applied at
order. the discretion of the supplier, should be consistent with one of
the published industry standards for bar coding. If used on
17. Product Marking small parts, the bar code may be applied to the box or a
17.1 In addition to marking requirements of Specification substantially applied tag.
A961/A961M, the following additional marking requirements
shall apply: 18. Keywords
17.1.1 If the forgings have been quenched and tempered the 18.1 carbon equivalent; pipe fittings; steel; piping applica-
letters “QT” shall be stamped on the forgings following the tions; pressure containing parts; steel flanges; steel forgings;
Specification designation. carbon; steel valves; temperature service applications; low

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by
the purchaser in the inquiry, contract, or order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be
agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer and purchaser. Supplementary requirements shall in no
way negate any requirement of the specification.

S1. Carbon Equivalent S1.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:
S1.1 The maximum carbon equivalent, based on heat analy- CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15
sis shall be 0.45 for forgings with a maximum section thickness S1.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed
of 2 in. or less, and 0.46 for forgings with a maximum section upon between the supplier and the purchaser.
thickness of greater than 2 in.

1199