RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE

&
KUS (Krushi Unnat Sahayogi) PROGRAMME

GUIDED BY:
Prof. (Dr). Monaranjan
Mohapatra
SUBMITTED BY:
Asst. Prof. Ms. Mita Meher
ASHUTOSH BISWAL Asst. Prof. Ms. Debasmita
ROLL NO-19BAG023 Nayak

Asst. Prof. (Dr). Anmol Panda

SEC-A
(RAWE COORDINATOR)

(Department of Ag.
Extension)

School of Agriculture
GIET, UNIVERSITY
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With an immense pleasure, I, Ashutosh Biswal, bearing Roll number – 19Bag023of 7th Semester
(4th year) would like to propound the report for village attachment program (RAWE) 2022.

I offer a note of gratitude to my mentors for guiding me at every step, and helped me evade obstacles
with greater ease, and helping me complete my report under the stipulated time frame.

Firstly, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude towards Prof. Santosh Kumar Panda, Dean, and
Sri Ashok Mishra Sir, Assistant Dean, School of Agriculture, GIET University, Gunupur, for their
benevolent guidance and constructive criticism, perseverance, constant motivation and imparting
required knowledge regarding RAWE, “Village attachment program”.

I would like to express my deep gratitude to all my senior faculties and HODs’ Prof. Dr. M.R.
Mohapatra (Dept. of Extension Education) ,Prof. Dr. Sudhanshu Mishra (Dept. of Agronomy) ,Prof.
Dr. S.K. Beura (Dept. of Pathology) ,Prof. Dr. Sudhakar Tripathy (Dept. of Agri.Economics) and
Prof. Dr. K.B. Mohapatra (Dept. of pathology), who guided me at each and every step, right from the
day of orientation to weekly presentations, with their proficient field of expertise and purposeful
knowledge.

I would also like to express my indebtedness to my RAWE Co-Ordinator, Ms. Mita Meher, Dr.
Anmol Kumar Panda, Ms. Debasmita Nayak for their equanimity, necessary counselling, and filling
me with enthusiasm throughout this RAWE period.

I would like to thank my faculty supervisor, Mrs. Sucharita Panda, Asst. Prof. of Agro-Forestry
Dept. for his tireless assist, and constant proctoring of my daily reports and activities during my visit.

I would like to thank my other beloved teachers of all the departments for their diligent and
scrupulous technical intelligence and suggestions during this10 weeks of “Village Attachment
Program.”

Lastly, I would like to extend my thanks to my lovely friends and amiable group members, Sourabh
Kumar, Rudra Prakash Mishra, Ankit Kumar Jena, Million Marshal Tiyu, Ashish Kumar Sahoo and
Jyoti Ranjan Pattanayak.

PLACE- School of Agriculture ASHUTOSH BISWAL

GIET UNIVERSITY, GUNUPUR 19BAg023

 CONTENT
SL. No. PARTICULARS Page No.
1.. Introduction (Student Ready Program) 1
2. RAWE (Rural Agricultural Work Experience) 2
3. Orientation Programme 3-4
4. District Information 5-12
5. Block Information 13-19
6. GP Information 19
7. Village Information 20-24
8. Rapport Building With The Villagers 25
9. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) 25
10. Socio-Resource Map 26
11. Transect Walk Map 27
12. Venn Diagram 28
13. Mobility Map 29
14. Hydrology Map 30
15. Trend Analysis 31
216. Seasonality Analysis 32
17. Problem Analysis 33
18. Wealth Ranking 34
19. Matrix Ranking 35
20. Resource Flow Analysis 36
21. Timeline Map 37
22. Daily Work Profile 38
23. Intervention 39-41
24. Action Plan 41-46
25. Annexure-I: Agronomic And Agrometrological Intervention 47-54
26. Annexure-II: Horticultural Intervention 54-57
27. Annexure-III: Soil Science Intervention 57-60
28. Annexure-IV: Plant Protection Intervention 60-63
29. Annexure-V: Crop Improvement & Seed Science Intervention 64-67
30. Annexure-VI: Extension Intervention 68-70
31. Annexure-VII: Forestry Intervention 70-71
32. Annexure-VIII: Economics Intervention 71-77
33. Annexure-IX: Farm Machinery Intervention 78-80
34. Annexure-X: Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITKS) 80-81
35. KUS Programme 82-109
36. KUS & RAWE Album 110-120
37. Success Story Of Farmer 121-127
38. Special Task On BPH Infestation 127
39. Experience, Suggestions & Conclusion 128-129
40. Interview Schedule 130-136
 INTRODUCTION
Agricultural education needs to be evolved in a very rapid manner to meet the
expectation of the society. Though the students of agriculture are learning substantial basic
and applied issues of science and technology, they do not possess adequate confidence in
starting own commercial venture. Under this situation, Rural Awareness Work Experience
Programme (RAWE) is an important competence and confidence building programme
introduced in the Institutes of Agriculture and the SAUs in India.

With a view to giving the real life exposure to the students Palli Siksha Bhavana
(Institute of Agriculture) has also introduced this programme for the students of 7th Semester
B.Sc. (Ag.) Hons. This Programme is a sequel of the recommendation made by the
‘Randhawa Committee’ constituted by ICAR. The Rural Agricultural Work Experience
(RAWE) programme is a flagship activity for the final year B.Sc. (Ag.) students during the
last semester. Building self-confidence in the agricultural graduates by honing their
professional skills is the key objective of introducing RAWE at the under graduate level by
ICAR.

Accordingly, this semester-long programme has been evolved. The most important
area in which the development needs to be continuously accelerated is agriculture, which is
the backbone of country’s economy.

In order to bring about changes in the knowledge, skill and attitude of the people
engaged in farming, a sustained effort is necessary and thus could be achieved only through
purposeful education. Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) Programme is a key
component in the B.Sc. (Ag.) degree programme. The students are given rigorous orientation
and familiarization on various issues and problems they can expect in the farmers’ field.

The Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE), i.e. “The Village Attachment Program”
necessitates the on field practical knowledge and application of the theoretical knowledge of
previous 6 semesters. In this program, students are divided into 3 different groups assigned
with 3 different villages. Each group activities of a particular village is supervised by RAWE
coordinator. Students of each village are further subdivided into sub-groups and every student
is assigned a faculty supervisor, who shall keep the daily track record of the assigned student.

During the PRA exercise, we were exposed to actual village scenario and along with basic
understanding of various on-farm activities viz. different from the theoretical knowledge.
Various exercises and interventions under this project helped and revised all the courses that
we studied for the last 3 years.

1
 RAWE (Rural Agricultural Work Experience)
Experiential learning approaches towards problem solving and improving interaction with the
world outside. The learning process essentially provides a direction to the students to think
and act and eventually creates self-confidence. It helps the students develop their
competence, capability, capacity building, skills, expertise, in short a holistic development.
However, it requires an individual’s total commitment, involvement, participation, reception,
active interest, dedication, skill, curiosity, vision and mission. Under the changing dynamics
of economical and industrial growth agriculture has undergone a sea change with new
approaches. Therefore, this experiential system in agricultural academia has become
imperative for better training to the agricultural technocrats with high level of skill in
combination with the modern out-look and management capacity. The experiential approach
is a learner-centered approach and allows an individual student to be responsible for his own
learning minimizing the role of his teachers and hosts. Effective work experience training
strategies cooperating rural agricultural experiential learning approach provide opportunities
to a student to experience the fieldwork activity and to review and analyze critically his own
work experience so that they prove to be useful in their real-life situation.

OBJECTIVE OF RAWE
•To make them understand the rural community life and the prevailing situation.

To familiarize with the rural socio-economic conditions.

•To provide an opportunity to have practical training in crop production.

•To improve communication skills among the students using extension teaching methods in
transfer of technology.

•To sensitize them regarding agricultural technologies, used by farmers and to prepare
alternate farm plans according to the local situation in consultation with the farmers.

•To develop confidence and competence in students for handling professional problems.

•To acquaint the students with on- going thrust on rural development programme.

•To make the students understand the changed role of men and women in agricultural and
allied fields.

•To explore the high-tech agricultural technology and the factors affecting the adoption of
modern methods of agriculture.

•To initiate awareness, understanding and skills among the students with special reference to
the scientific model of “Integrated Development of Agriculture” i.e. crop husbandry,
horticulture, agro forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, poultry, dairying, agro-based
industries, processing, marketing etc.

2
 •To know the techniques / know how to prepare and develop the package through collection
of data from grass root level.

•To expose them to the research methodologies e.g. experimental techniques, management,
collection and processing of experimental data.

ORIENTATION PROGRAMME
DATE 7.30AM- 8.30AM- 9.30AM 9.50AM- 10.50AM 10.50AM- 11.50AM
8.30AM

09.05.2022 Inauguration Farm Machinery Extension Economics

followed by a talk
(Monday) on RAWE Mr. Abhinab Ms. Mita Meher Mr. Subhrajyoti
programme in Mishra, and Ms. Mishra,
Agriculture by Debasmita Nayak,
Asst. Prof. Asst. Prof.
Prof. Dr. M.R. Asst. Prof.
Topic- Farm Topic- Economics
Mohapatra Mechanization Topic- PRA Tools Intervention
and Rapport
Dr. Deepak Building
Kumar, Asst. Prof.

Topic - Soil and

water conservation I
measures N
T
E
R
10.05.2022 Agronomy Agronomy A Agroforestry Agronomy
C
(Tuesday) Prof. Dr. Ms. Ananya T Mrs. Sucharita Ms. Sanjana
Sudhanshu Mohanty I Panda Tripathy
Sekhar Mishra O
Asst. Prof. Asst. Prof. Asst. Prof.
N
Topic- Weed
Management Topic- Common Topic- Topic- IFS for
Agronomic field Agroforestry- A different Agro-
related problems sustainable land climatic regions
and their solutions use system

11.05.2022 Entomology Entomology Entomology Entomology

(Wednesday) Mr. Ritesh Prof. Dr. Hara Prof. Dr. Hara Mr. K.A. Raju
Mishra Prasad Mishra Prasad Mishra
Asst. Prof.
Asst. Prof. Topic- IPM of Topic- IPM of
Topic- IPM of

3
 Topic- IPM of important crops important crops Maize, Sugarcane
important fibre and Ragi
and oil seed crops (Cereals, Pulses, (Cereals, Pulses,
vegetables) vegetables)

12.05.2022 Soil Science Horticulture

(Thursday) Dr. Rajeswari Das, Asst. Prof. Dr. Subhrajyoti Mishra, Asst. Prof.

Topic- Nutrient deficiency and Topic -Orchard Management and

management rejuvenation, Ratooning in banana.

Mr. Kshirod Chandra Sahoo, Asst. Dr. Swosti Debapriya Behera, Asst. Prof.
Prof.
Topic- Intercultural operations and
Topic - Problems in soil and their intercropping
management-
Mr. K. Raja Babu, Asst. Prof.
Ms. Biswabara Sahu, Asst. Prof.
Topic- Postharvest management and
Topic -Various interventions in Soil storage of horticultural produce.
health management

13.05.2022 Crop Improvement Economics Pathology

(Friday) Dr. Rinny Swain, Asst. Prof. Prof. Dr. Mr. Pawan Kumar
Sudhakar
Topic - Climate smart technology Tripathy Topic- Symptoms
based diagnosis and
Dr. Smrutishree Sahoo, Asst. Prof. management of
Topic - New era varieties major field crop
Topic- Market diseases in Odisha
Dr. Mamata Behera, Asst. Prof., Survey

Topic- Rejuvenating seed technology

14.05.2022 Pathology Prof. Dr. S.K. Beura Pathology

(Saturday) Topic- Symptoms based diagnosis and Prof. Dr. K.B Mohapatra
management of major horticulture crop
diseases in Odisha Topic- Educating students on RAWE

4
 DISTRICT AT A GLANCE (RAYAGADA)

AGRO CLIMATIC ZONE North Eastern Ghat Zone

LOCATION Southern Odisha, bounded by
Ganapati (East), Koraput & Kalahandi
(West),
Kalahandi and Kandhamala (North) &
Koraput and Andhra Pradesh (South)
LATITUDE 19°0’ to 19º58’North
LONGITUDE 83°54’E to 84º2’East

ALTITUDE 687 feet above MSL

DISTRICT PROFILE

Sl. No. Parameters Area (ha)

1 Geographical Area 7,58,745ha
2 Cultivable Area 1,93,504ha+1,82,604ha
3 No of DAO Circles 3
4 No of AAO Circles 22
5 No. of VAW Circles 69
6 No. of Blocks 11
7 No. of G.P.s 182
8 N.A.C.s 2

5
9 Municipality 1
10 No of Villages 2667

DEMOGRAPHY: (Population in lakhs)

Category Male No. Female No.

SC 12,898 13,337
ST 49,433 55,143
OBC 22,926 18,234
Other caste 24,123 25,343

FARMERS’ PROFILE

Sl.No. Area under % of area

Category Numbers %
cultivation (ha)
1. Marginal farmers 133653 55.6 11.55 23
(<1ha)
2. Small farmers 73401 30.5 15.44 30
(1-2 ha)
3. Medium farmers 32440 13.51 13.44 27
(2-4 ha)
4. Large farmers (>4 459 0.19 8.17 16
ha)

LAND UTILIZATION PATTERN:

Category Area Category Area

(In ha.) (In ha.)
Water logged 31,056 Saline affected area 15,345
area
Flood prone 15,000ha Alluvial soil 27,345
area
Sandy soil 12,676 Lateritic soil
Acidic soil 37,453 Forest area 2,31,740
Miscellaneous 9,567 Permanent pasture 26,930

Cultivable waste 22430 Non agril land 37,980

6
Barren & 1,43,238 Current fallow 39,100
uncultivable waste

Fallow 13

SOURCES OF IRRIGATION:

Area (ha.)
Name of the sources
4536
Surface Irrigation Points
1345
Hand/River Lift Centres
Medium / Minor Irrigation Projects 31,923

14,652
Lift Irrigation Points
1475
Shallow Tube Wells
1123
Creeks
5936
Others (if any)

IRRIGATED AREA:

Season Area (ha.) % to Total Area

Kharif 64212 ha 33.0
Rabi 23923 ha 9.6

SOIL TYPE

Type Of Soil % Of Total Area

Alluvial soil 25.3
Black cotton soil 19.4

Laterite soil 5.0

Red soil 50.7
Others (if any) 0

7
 INFORMATION ON WEATHER PARAMETERS

Avg. Temperature (oC) Avg. RH (%)

Avg. Rainfall(mm) Minimum Maximum

1285.9mm 9ºC 44ºC 75

MAJOR CROPS AND CROPPING SYSTEMS

Area Cropping System

Name Crops (ha)

Paddy, Maize, Jowar, 86,2 81 Arhar+Paddy, Arhar+Maize, Arhar+Ragi

Cereals
Bajra, Millets
Pulses Arhar, Moong, Biri, Others 30,3 90 Ragi+Biri, Arhar+Maize/Paddy
Groundnut, 6750 Cowpea+Groundnut
Oil seed Til,Castor,Niger, Sunflower
Commercial Cotton, Sugarcane and 34932 Arhar+Cotton
Crops Tobacco
Sweet Potato, Potato, Brinjal, 10932 Tomato+Onion+Marigold+Cotton+
Vegetables
Tomato Okra
Spices Chilli, Turmeric and Ginger 2645 Vegetables + Turmeric

Others (if any) None None

Cropping Intensity:125%

8
 CROPPING PATTERN:
Package of practices followed (Crops and ruling Var., Agril.machineries used, Fertilizer
application, Weed management practices, any other)

SL.NO CROP RULING VARIETIES

1 Paddy Sahabhagi, Khandagiri, MTU-1010, MTU-
1001, RGL-2538
Pooja, RGL-2537, Naveen, Sarala, Rani Dhana,
Pratikhya, BPT-5204
Lalat, Konark, Mrunalini, MTU-7029
2 Cotton NCU-5, Bunny, Sabita
2 Maize Rasi
Pioneer
3 Ragi Subhra
Chilika, Bhairabi
4 Moong (Green Gram) PDM-139, IPM-02-03, IPM-02-14
Ipm-2-3
5 Biri(Black Gram) PU-31, PU-30
T-9
6 Arhar PRG-176, LRG-41, Laxmi
7 Groundnut K-6, ICGV-91114
8 Sunflower KBSH-1
9 Dhaicha TL
10 Niger UTKAL-150
11 Til G-10
12 Sunhemp TL

FARM MECHANISATION (Agricultural Implements)

Sl. No Name Quantity available Cost of implements
1 Tractor 138 5,71,772
2 Power tiller 32 1,18,000
3 Harvester 22 1,46,500
4 Transplanter 16 80,000
5 Rotavator 46 27,000
6 Pump Set 678 12,000

9
 FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT
a) Chemical Fertilisers

Sl.No. Name Trade Name Quantity Used (MT)

1 Nitrogen Urea, AS 8676
2 Phosphorous DAP, SSP 3800
3 Potash MOP 1975
4 Composite fertilizer DAP,10:26:26,16:16:16 6268

5 Other fertilizers (if any)

b) Bio Fertilisers

Sl.No. Name Quantity Used

1 Azotobacter 76 Qt
2 Azospirillum 45Qt
3 PSB 85 Qt
4 Mycorrhizae 42 Qt
5 Others (if any) 0

10
c) Green Manures
Sl.No. Name Quantity Used
1 Dhanicha 45 Qt
2 Sun hemp 25 Qt
3 Blue-green Algae 13 Qt
4 Others (if any) 0

PESTICIDE USE PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT

a) Bio Pesticide

Sl. No. Name Quantity Used (MT)

1 Neem 15-30
2 Fungal bio-pesticide 17
3 Bacterial bio-pesticide 20
4 Others (if any) 0
A) Chemical Pesticide

Sl.No. Trade Name Quantity

Category Name of chemical
Used
1 Insecticides Cartap Thiomethoxam,Cartap hydrochloride 683

2 Fungicides Blitox, COC, 187

Bavistin, Carbendazim 639.50
Saaf Mancozeb+Carbendazim 639.50
Custodia Azoxystorbin+Tebuconazole -
3 Bactericides Streplin Streptomycin 223
4 Herbicides 2,4-D MAIN 2-4D Amine salt 106
Rice star Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl -
5 Rodenticides Celphos Alp, Zinc Phosphine 7

11
 INFORMATION ON LIVESTOCK & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY RESOURCES
Information on Fisheries Resources

Sl. No. Population

Name Breed
(in’000)
1 Indigenous cows Local low 246.143
yielding
2 Crossbred cows Improved cattle 8.243

3 Buffaloes Manda 48.161

4 Sheep Kendrapada Sheep 21.403

5 Goats Bengal, Raighar, 153.915

Ghumsari,
Kalahandi
6 Pigs Rani pig 8.241
7 Poultry Chicken 453.440
8 Ducks Cocal, Khari, 0.991
Cambul

INFORMATION ON FISHERIES RESOURCES

Area under fish production:

Sl.No. Category Production (MT)

Total Fish production 1037.86
1

2 Inland 1037.86
3 Marine -

12
 BLOCK AT A GLANCE (PADAMPUR)

Name of the Block: Padmapur

Latitude&longitude:19.14340N,83.49050E
No. And Names of GPs:13
(Padmapur, Khilapadar, Khamapadar, Jathili, Godiabandha, Derigram, Naira,
Akhusingi, Indupur, Tembaguda, Nuagada, Guluguda, Likitipadar)
Block Profile

Sl.
Parameters Area (ha)
No.
1 Geographical Area 85623
2 Cultivable Area 20155
3 Up land -
4 Medium land -
5 Low land -
6 Forest area 140
7 Fallow land 4167
8 Grazing Land 562

13
 FARMERS’ PROFILE

Area % age
under
Sl.No. Category Numbers % Category Of
cultivation
Area
(ha)
1. Marginal 11879 52.4. High 5021 30.5
farmers
(<1ha)
2. Small 6346 28.3 Medium 6357 38.5
farmers (1-2
ha)
3. Medium 2520 11.5 Low 3898 23.1
farmers (2-4
ha)
4. Large 402 1.6 1161 0.70
Farmers (>4
ha)

LAND UTILIZATION PATTERN:

(Area in
Category Category (Area in ha)
ha)
Water logged area 0 Saline affected 0
area

Flood prone area 0 Alluvial soil -

Sandy soil - Lateritic soil -
Acidic soil - Forest area 140
Miscellaneous 430 Permanent 562
pasture
Cultivable waste 226 Non agril land 2381
Barren & uncultivable 1967 Current fallow 4167
waste
Fallow 523

14
 SOURCES OF IRRIGATION:

Source Area (ha.)

SIP 3800
LIP 4355
MIPs 622
Others 530

IRRIGATED AREA:

Season Area (ha)

Kharif 6877
Rabi 4609

SOIL TYPE
Type of soil Area(ha) % Of Total Area
Mixed Grey soil 23905.55 53.7
Unaltered soil with coarse 3024.68 6.8
parent material
Laterite soil 8466.52 19
Red soil 5514.07 12.4
Others 3577.17 8
INFORMATION ON WEATHER PARAMETERS

Avg. Temperature (oC)

Avg. Rainfall(mm) Avg. RH (%)
Minimum maximum
1265.0 13.2 41.1 71

MAJOR CROPS AND CROPPING SYSTEMS:

Name Crops Area (ha)

Cereals Ragi, Paddy, Maize 19405
Pulses Green Gram, Black Gram, Field Pea 9069
Oil seed Mustard 527
Commercial Jute 274
crops

15
 Vegetables Brinjal, Tomato, Okra, Bean, Cabbage, 7805
Cauliflower, Bitter Gourd
Spices Turmeric 698
Others if Sugarcane 5
any

Cropping intensity: 152%

CROPPING PATTERN
Package of practices followed (Crops and ruling Var., Agril. machineries used, Fertilizer application,
Weed management practices, any others)

SL.NO CROP RULLING VARIETIES

1. Paddy Ankur, MTU-1010, MTU-

1001, RGL-2538, Pooja, RGL-
2537, Naveen, Sarala,
Rani Dhana, BPT-
5204, Lalat, MTU-1061, MTU-1064
2. Arhar LRG-41, Laxmi

3. Mustard RGN-298, Giriraj, M-27

4. Moong PDM-139, IPM-2-3, IPM-02-14

5. Brinjal Desi, JK-38,Hybrid,Mukuta Kesi

6. Niger Utkal 10

7. Ground nut K-6

8. Til GT 10, GT 2, Prachi, Nirmala

9. Blackgram T9, Sarala, LBG

10. Cotton BT-2, Sabita, Bunny, Tulsi-7
11 Ragi Sunhra, Chilika, Bhairabi
12.. Sunflower KBSH 1, Modern

16
 FARM MECHANISATION (Agricultural Implements)

Sl. No Name Quantity available Cost of implements

1. Tractor 7 Rs.5.83 lakh

2. Power Tiller 43 Rs.1.20 lakh

3. Pump Set 68 Rs. 18000

4. Rotavator 44 Rs. 80000

5. Reaper 6 Rs. 2 lakh

FERTILIZER USE PATTERN IN THE BLOCK

a) Chemical Fertilizer

Trade Name Quantity

Sl. No. Name
Used(MT)
1 Nitrogen Urea 2172.905
2 Phosphorous SSP 32.5
3 Potash MOP 358.85
4 Composite Fertilizer DAP 1843
5 Other fertilizers if any - 0
b) Bio fertilizer

Sl. No. Name Quantity Used (Quintal)

1 Azotobacter 2.3
2 Azospirillum 2.5
3 PSB 1.53
4 Mycorhizae 0
5 Others (if any) 0

17
c)Green Manure

Sl.
Name Quantity used
No.
1 Dhanicha 32.5q
2 Sunhemp 0
3 Blue Green Algae 0
4 Others (if any) 0

PESTICIDE USE PATTERN IN THE BLOCK(Quantity in MT)

a) Bio Pesticide
Sl. No. Name Quantity used (MT)
1 Neem 0
2 Fungal bio-pesticide 0
3 Bacterial bio-pesticide 0
4 Others (if any) 0

b)Chemical Pesticide
Quantity
Sl. No. Category Trade Name Name of chemical
Used
1 Insecticides Cartap Cartap Hydrochloride 28.50
proclaim Thiomethoxam 25.30
2 Fungicides Saaf Carbendazim 47.15
Ridomyl MZ +Mancozeb
Metalaxyl+Mancozeb
3 Bactericides Streptomycin - 315.38
4 Herbicides - Pretelachlor
Butachlor
5 Rodenticides -

INFORMATION ON LIVESTOCK & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY RESOURCES

Population
Sl. No. Name Breed
(in Nos.)
1 Indigenous Local 12456
cows
2 Crossbred Jersey 260
cows

18
3 Buffaloes Local and descriptive 3710
4 Sheep Local 961
5 Goats Black Bengal 5123
6 Pigs Local 950
7 Poultry Vanraj 13300
8 Ducks 0 0

INFORMATION ON FISHERIES RESOURCES

Area under fish production:

Sl. No. Category Production (MT)

1 Total Fish production 1323
2 Inland 1323
3 Marine 0

GRAM PANCHAYAT (KHILAPADAR)

Particulars Information

Total Geographical area 635 ha

Village Sarpanch Mrs. Usha Rani Gomango

Pincode 765025

Tehsil Gunupur

Village Code (Khilapadar) 426715

Total Population 1491

No. of Males 762

No. of Females 729

Literate 791

19
Illiterate 698

SC Population 322

ST Population 306

Cultivated Area 252 ha

Paddy area 96 ha

Non-paddy area 156 ha

VILLAGE INFORMATION/ VILLAGE SURVEY

General Data:

1. Name of the village – Khilapadar

2. Gram Panchayat – Khilapadar
3. Panchayat Samiti – Padmapur
4. Block – Padmapur
5. Tehsil – Gunupur
6. Village code – 426715
7. Post Office – Khilapadar
8. No. of Households – 340 (approx.)
9. Name of the Sarpanch –Ms. Usha Rani Gomango

10.District Distance to nearest:

a. Primary School – Khilapadar
b. High School – Khilapadar
c. Police Station – Gunupur (19 Km)
d. Fire Station – Padmapur (4 Km)
20
 e. Anganwadi – Khilapadar
f. Weekly Market – Padmapur (4 Km)
g. Medical Facility – Gunupur (19 Km) Padmapur (4 Km)
h. Bus Stand – Padmapur (4 Km)
i. Private Dispensary – Padmapur (4 Km)

Population (Village Demography):

Classification of Families:

Sl. No. Occupation No. of

families
1 Agriculturists 150

2 Landless farmers/ Laborers 80-100

3 Village artisans 1-3

4 Industry/Factory Workers 5-6

5 Self Employed (Business) 2-4

6 Teachers 5-10

7 Private Sector Employee 2-4

8 Other Govt. Sector 9-10

Land Utilization pattern of village:

SI. No. Particular Area (in ha)
1 Total geographical area 635 ha

2 Forest area 263 ha

3 Grazing and pasture land -

4 Land put to non-agricultural use 132 ha

5 Total cultivable area 252 ha

21
 6 Area under rainfed agriculture 194 ha

7 Area under irrigation 58 ha

8 Net sown area 238 ha

9 Area sown more than once 238 ha

Drinking Water Facilities:

SI. No. Source No. of sources No. of families depending upon

sources
1 Well 3 50
2 Tube wells 24 210
3 Pond _
4 Other (Tank and Govt. 3 160
supply)

Total 29 420

Irrigation facilities:

Sl. No. Source of Irrigation Quantity

1. Total wells

A. Wells in use 2
B. Wells not in use 5

2. Canal 1

3. Tube Wells 24

4. Tank 1

5. Other sources (Bore well) 3

Power Source details:
Human- Animal-Mechanical- Electrical Nos

22
 No. of labors 300
No. of draught animals 7

Mechanical Power
Powersource Tractor 7
Power Tiller 2
Power weeder 0
Power Sprayer 0
Thresher 2

Electric Power
Electric motor 3
Chaff Cutter motor driven 0

Wage rates (Rs./day):

Sl.No Period Men Women Bullock Tractor/hr

1. Kharif Season
A. Sowing time 350/- 250-300/- 1200-1500/-
300/- 200-250/- - -
B. Interculture
350/- 250-300/- 3000-3500/-
C. Harvesting
300/- 200-250/-
D. Threshing
2. Rabi Season
A. Sowing time 350/- 250-300/-
300/- 200-250/- -
B. Interculture
350/- 250-300/-
C. Harvesting
350/- 200-250/-
D.Threshing
3. Summer Season 400/- 300/- - -

23
 CROPPING PATTERN

Sl. No. Crop Varieties

1. Paddy RJL (Local)MTU -1001

MTU – 1009
1061 RV
Ankur Sonam
Surendra
Masuri

2. Cotton MCU-5 JKHY-1

ACH 199-2 BG (hybrid)

3. Okra Radhika
4. Brinjal Utkal green
5. Chilli Guntur
Local variety

5. Cowpea Ankura Ganga

Local

6. Guava Turkish Pink Allahbad Safed

Seedless Hybrid
(Arka mridula)

7. Papaya Red lady

Dwarf Variety

8. Mango Banganapalle Amrapali

Dasehri
Kalmi

9. Lemon Hybrid Variety

10. Banana Desi Variety

24
 RAPPORT BUILDING WITH KHILAPADAR VILLAGERS
One of the most necessary skills for the team is building an affirmative rapport with the villagers.
Rapport is essential because it helps create a positive emotional connection between the two parties and
this sense of establishment is imperative in obtaining reliable information from the people. A sense of
trust is required before hand to develop communication that helps to establish a working relationship
with the local people.

Our group (C-7) on visiting the village, identified and interacted with some farmers and villagers, by
first greeting them with folded hands, addressing our purpose of visit, and cooperating during their talk.

After a brief introduction, we asked some basic questions about their working conditions, village
history, crop grown, commonly faced problems, some government schemes, available resources, nearby
institutions and opportunities availed.

The villagers of Khilapadar turned out to be very cooperative and assisted us with an amiable manner.
First week, we needed their assistance to make a transect walk of the village and a rough mapping,
followed by different PRA activities for the upcoming weeks. They were very proactive and were full of
grit. Their zeal and hospitality helped us in fulfilling our assigned activities.

PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)

PRA is an assessment and learning process that empowers practitioners / people to create the
information base they need for participatory planning and action. Outsiders contribute facilitation skills
and external information and opinions. Many different tools have been developed for use in PRA. The
approach aims to incorporate the knowledge and opinions of rural people in the planning and
management of development projects and programs. This tool is also used for data collection. The
training programme on PRA is designed to develop participant’s understanding of the rural reality for
the planning and development of projects through PRA tools cum techniques including semi-structured
interviews, time-lines, transect walks participatory mapping, seasonal calendars, wealth ranking and
matrix scoring, instead of that participatory technique aim to ‘break the silence’ of the poor and
disadvantaged sections, recognize the value of popular collective knowledge and wisdom and legitimize
the production of knowledge by the people themselves.

OBJECTIVE
• To make the participants to understand the importance of Participatory Planning and their
benefits.
• 2. Enabling the participants to learn PRA techniques and their usage in Village planning.
• 3. To give hands on experience on practicing PRA techniques with effective mock exercises.
• 4. To impart the training skills on delivery of participatory techniques.

25
 SOCIO-RESOURCE MAP
DEFINITION:

Development of a map of the village area to understand the village lay out showing main features
like housing, temples, village watershed, forest, water bodies, etc. This helps in studying social
structure and availability of social facilities and also helps to establish the extent and location of
these resources and to analyze and understand them better.

PURPOSE:

• Socio-resource maps have been used for depicting of various aspects related to topography,
terrain and slopes, forest, vegetation and tree species, soil type, fertility, erosion.
• Various facets of social reality, viz., social stratification, demographics, settlement patterns,
social infrastructure, etc.

CONCLUSION:

• From the above socio-resource map we can conclude that there are 420 families, 26 tube wells,
05 ponds and a canal is present, one school, one temple. Socio-resource present in the village are
school, shop, rice mill and temple.
• Major crop grown is rice.

26
 TRANSECT WALK
DEFINITION:

A transect walk is a kind of exploratory walk which is undertaken by the team along with the
villagers to observe and record in minute details the difference of a particular area.

PURPOSE:

• Appraisal of natural resources in terms of status, problems & potential.

• To get an idea about farming practices, cropping pattern, the physical layout (existing or
planned), irrigated facilities, etc.
• To know the agro ecosystem of the village.
• To get the cross-sectional view of the village.

CONCLUSION:

Through transect walk, I have observed that the cultivated area of village is some how less than
houses and buildings. Soils are mostly sandy loam soil and the source of irrigation is mostly

27
 through, canal and rain water. Still there is some problem in village like disease-pest incidence,
water scarcity etc. and it is a Rainfed village.

VENN DIAGRAM
DEFINITION:

Venn diagram is the diagram which shows the relationship of various institutions, organizations,
programs or individuals with each other and with the village as perceived by the villagers is
called as Venn diagram. It is also called as chapati diagram.

PURPOSE:

• To identify groups, institutes operating in the community and show their interactions.
• To discover the importance on decision making in community.
• To show the accessibility of the institutes.

CONCLUSION:

From the above map it can be concluded that the big circles represent the institutes that the villagers visit
more frequently and the small circles represent the institutes that the villagers visit them very less and
arrows represent the distance of the institutes from the village. The villagers most frequently visit the
market, school, hospital, anganbadi and panchayat.

28
 MOBILITY MAP
DEFINITION:

Mobility map is a PRA method used to explore the movement pattern of an individual, a group, or the
community.

PURPOSE:

• Understanding the mobility pattern of local people where they go and for what.
• Other aspects, like the frequency of visits, distance, and the importance of the place visited, may
also be studied and depicted.
• It reflects the people’s perception of movement patterns and the reasons there of.

CONCLUSION:

The mobility map indicates that the villager mainly go to Gunupur, Padampur, Dombosara, Gumuda for
their requirements like market, medical, buying seed, fertilizer etc. Among these, Padampur is the most
frequent place of visit for fulfilling their requirement.

29
 HYDROLOGY MAP
DEFINITION:

Hydrological map indicates water resources, area under irrigation, irrigation facility and give idea about
water harvesting structure of village.

PURPOSE:

• To know about the various water resource present in the village.

• To know about the permanent water harvesting structure of the village.
• To know about the perennial water resources of the village.
• To know about the availability of water in different parts of the year.
• Further it influences the cropping pattern and crop selection and water use pattern of the
villagers.

CONCLUSION:

From the above hydrology map, it can be concluded that the village is having 24 tube wells, 07 ponds
and a canal for both drinking and irrigation purpose.

30
 TREND ANALYSIS
DEFINITION:

Trend analysis is a popular PRA method used to explore temporal dimensions with a focus on change. It
captures and trends related to certain variables over different spans of time.

PURPOSE:

•Learn from the community as to how they perceive change over time in various areas/aspects of their
live.

•Integrate significant changes in the village profile.

•Discuss village problems and any increase or decrease in the severity of the problems over the years
rather that asking direct questions.

CONCLUSION:

From the above map it can be concluded that increase in population affects the forest area and increase
the cultivated land and also affect the rainfall intensity. Trend analysis shows that cattle and goat
population decrease due to less grazing area but now-a-days people gain more profit from these by
keeping these. Area under vegetables increases constantly due to increase in market demand. Female
engagement is increased.

31
 SEASONALITY ANALYSIS
DEFINITION:

Seasonality analysis is an important and useful exercise to determine seasonal patterns in rural areas as
related to rainfall, farming practices, employment, workload etc. In seasonality an attempt is made to
determine the seasonal calendar as understood and practiced by the villagers.

PURPOSE:

•To get an insight into the seasonal variations in a number of parameters relevant in farmer’s lives e.g
work, employment, income, and availability of food, fuel, fodders, health, migration and transport
facilities.

•It has proved to be useful in project planning i.e. when to implement various activities.

•It has been used to identify periods of stress and to plan for when intervention is most required.

CONCLUSION:

The seasonality diagram reveals that the farmer are doing cultivation around the year but kharif season is
the busiest time. The Major crops grown are rice, okra, brinjal etc. The farmers engaged throughout the
year. They get their maximum income during January to March. Expenditure is highest during June-
July and Oct- Nov. Most of cattle disease occurred during June-July and human disease throughout the
year. Insect- pest and disease infestation is more during the month of Sep- Dec.

32
 PROBLEM ANALYSIS

DEFINITION:

It is a chart showing different problems affecting a village which have been prioritized and taken into
account parameters like problems, importance of enterprise, frequency of problem, seriousness of each
of the problems.

PURPOSE:

•To identify the problems which hinders the progress.

•Highlights the compounding causes and effects of a specific problems faced by farmers.

•To Propose activities to overcome some of the causes and effects of problem faced by the farmers.

CONCLUSION:

From the above problem analysis data, it can be concluded that the major constrains in brinjal
cultivation are disease infestation like Phomopsis disease like fruit& shoot borer, improper knowledge
about IDM and IPM, lack of irrigation facility and improper nutrient management also play an important
role in low yield of brinjal.

33
 WEALTH RANKING
DEFINITION:

It is a PRA method commonly used for ranking and grouping household and communities on the

basis of income, wealth and other well-being criteria.

PURPOSE:

•To identify and classify households or groups based on relative wellbeing in the areas of income,
wealth, assets and status etc.

•To explore issues related to livelihood, vulnerability, constraints to develop as people perceive them
and to design intervention strategies in time with peoples aspiration.

CONCLUSION:

From the above wealth ranking data it can be concluded that most of the village population belongs to
medium-poor category. They mostly depend on business for their income.

34
 MATRIX RANKING
DEFINITION:

Matrix ranking is a tool used to support people to identify and priorities events or problems by assessing
their views relative importance using a set of criteria. It involves listening the elements down one side
and the criteria on which they are judged, gained from informal discussion. Each element is then
considered in terms of each criteria.

PURPOSE:

•It helps in understanding people’s choices and priorities in a particular situation and their reasons for it.

•Helps in determining the compatibility of certain items in a given environment of overall perspective.

CONCLUSION:

From the above matrix ranking it can be concluded that the Rice variety Surendra is the most profitable
variety among others as it is cultivated in highest area and having most demand for market.

35
 RESOURCE FLOW ANALYSIS
DEFINITION:

Resource flow analysis means whatever inputs for cultivation or food products either available

Within the village or import from the outside of village. When these all resources are designed into a
map form it is called as resource flow map or inflow-outflow map.

PURPOSE:

• To know the inflow and outflow resources of the village.

CONCLUSION:

From the above resource flow data it can be concluded that the major inflow resources of the village are
hybrid seed, seedling, pesticides, fertilizers, grocery and the major outflow resources are rice, fish,
vegetables, milk etc.

36
 TIMELINE MAP
DEFINITION:

A timeline is an important PRA method quite commonly used to explore the temporal dimensions from
a historical perspective. It is drawn as a sequential aggregate at past events or the historical landmarks of
the community. Finally it is the list of key events, changes and landmarks in the past, presented in a
chronological order.

PURPOSE:

•To learn from the community what they consider being important past events.

•To understand from the community the historical perspective on current issues.

•To generate discussions on changes with respect to issues you are interested in e.g. education, health,
food security, gender relations, economic conditions, etc.,

•To develop a rapport with the villagers, since a discussion about the past of the village can be a good
non-threatening and enjoyable starting point.

37
 DAILY WORK PROFILE
DEFINITION:

Daily routine depicts how villagers (men and women) spend a day of 24 hours along with the kind of
activities and time allotted for the activities. Daily routine can be taken for men and women and both the
categories of farmers and farm laborers.

PURPOSE:

•To get an account of time spent by farmers and laborers, men and women for various activities in day
of 24 hours.

•Data on wage earning and rest hours.

•Data on leisure time which can be utilized by development workers.

CONCLUSION:

From the above data it can be concluded that, men spend their time more in field work as compared to
women because women spend more time in their household works and rest. In leisure time the farmers
spend time in preparation of compost and mushroom unit and female should involve in SHG of the
village for their development purpose.

38
 INTERVENTIONS

Agronomic Intervention:
The farmers of the village Khilapadar mainly grow the agronomic crops cotton and Paddy. They mostly
grow agronomic crops in kharif season. Soil type of the village is Black soil and texture is Clayey.
Drainage of the field is good and soil pH ranges 5.0 - 6.0. The paddy varieties grown in the village are
RJL, 1061, 1001, 1009, Ankur & Masuri. The cotton varieties they are growing are Nuva Mallika, Asha,
White Gold etc. The average yield of the rice in the village is approximately 15 – 20 q/acre and average
yield if cotton is 1000-1100kg of seed cotton per acre. According to the new MSP of cotton farmers are
getting more profit in case of cotton than rice cultivation. In the rice field weeds we found are jungle
rice, dub grass, mutha grass and barnyard grass. In cotton field we found weeds like Bermudagrass,
nutsedge, crabgrass, barnyard grass etc. We suggested them to include pulses in the cropping pattern and
to go for green manuring crop in the fallow land to improve soil fertility.

Plant Protection Intervention:

The farmers of the village Khilapadar are quiet not aware of the pest management. The major insects we
found during this pest surveillance are BPH, yellow stem borer & white fly in rice pink bollworm &
American Bollworm in cotton shoot borer in crops like brinjal, tomato and okra. The major diseases
found are Blast of rice, mosaic of cucurbits and wilting in brinjal, tomato & chilly.

Crop Improvement Intervention:

The farmers of the village Khilapadar procure seed from nearby Padmapur market, Agriculture office &
Agriculture shop. For paddy they use varieties like RJL, 1061, 1001, 1009, Ankur & Masuri. For cotton
they use varieties like Nuva Mallika, Asha, White Gold. Other varieties like Utkal green for brinjal,
Utkal kumari of tomato. They only use local varieties in crops like cowpea, chilli, black gram, green
gram, chilli.

Soil Improvement Intervention:

The farmers of the village Khilapadar are not aware of soil testing and soil health card scheme. The type
of soil is Black soil, the texture is clayey and the pH ranges between 5.0 – 6.0. The farmers mostly go
for rainfed farming and irrigate the field for vegetable crops only through canal and borewell. They use
both organic and inorganic sources of fertilizers like FYM, urea, gromor or DAP and MOP. We
observed micronutrient deficiency in some guava plants as they are not applying micronutrients in the
field so we suggested them to use micronutrient fertilizers in their field and apply nitrogenous fertilizers
in split doses.

39
Horticultural Intervention:
In the village Khilapadar The farmers grow horticultural crops like brinjal, tomato, chilli, cowpea and
okra etc. in most of the area and some cucurbits in kitchen garden for home consumption. They use high
yielding varieties like Utkal green, Utkal kumari etc. in case of brinjal and tomato but for chilli, cowpea
they are using local varieties so we suggested them to go for new improved hybrid varieties. They
market their produce in both local and distant market but mostly they sell their produce in local market
which is Padmapur market. They also grow some Cole crops in small scale in winter season. Most of the
farmers were not growing any fruit crops so we suggested them to plant some mango, papaya & banana
plants which will offer them some extra income.

Economic Intervention:
The village khilapadar is 67 km away from Rayagada town and 6km away from Padmapur. The
villagers totally depend upon Padmapur for transport, primary health care center, dispensary, weekly
haat, regulated market, fair price shop and other facilities. The village consists of 300-400 families. The
total population of the village is 1480. Most of the people are agriculturists in the village only few are
employed, laborer or arcticians. In the village there are 3 wells 24 tube wells most of the families depend
upon the tube well water for drinking purpose and domestic use. The transportation means available in
the village are 70 cycle, 85 bikes and 2 cars. All the houses of the village are electrified. 85% of the
houses are pucca in the village.

Extension Intervention:
Farmers of the village Khilapadar obtain latest information about the latest technology in agriculture
from the VAW, TV and krushak sathi regularly but they are not getting information related to soil
testing and agricultural financial schemes. The farmers have already adopted technologies like improved
varieties and use of Pesticides & weedicides foe effective management of pest and weed. The AO has
already suggested them to go for line sowing in paddy and adoption of IPM and IDM but they have not
adopted the technologies because of lack of labour and financial support. They are quiet not aware about
proper dosage of fertilizer & pesticide so we suggested them to get in contact with the VAW for that.

Livestock Intervention:

In the village Khilapadar most of the families have chickens in their house of desi breed total 150- 200
chickens are there in the village. Some of the farmers have cows in their house of desi breed. Draft
animals are also there for-cultivation purpose. A total of 10-15 cows and only 8-10 bullocks are there in
the village as now-a-days most everyone is preferring tractor and power tiller for cultivation. The people
of Khilapadar do not have goats or sheeps in their house. They are keeping chickens only for their
domestic consumption and those who are keeping cows they sell milk to their neighbors which give
them some extra income in spite of getting low milk yield from the desi breed cows.

40
 Forestry/ Agro-Forestry Intervention:
The major tree species observed in the village area are teak, eucalyptus, tamarind, acacia, chakunda, and
neem. The farmers of this village have not sown any tree species in their farm boundry, some farmers
have sown tamarind and drumstick but other fallow areas and farm boundaries are covered by natural
forest trees.

Farm Machinery Intervention:

The farm machinery available in village Khilapadar are tractor (7), power tiller (2), thresher (2), electric
motor (3) only. For their use some farmers take the machineries on rent. The rental value of tractor to
cultivate 1 acre land is Rs.1600. by MB plough and Rs. 800 per acre by harrow. The rent value of
bullock pair is Rs. 500 Per acre. Apart from farm machineries solar system as power source is available
in field and also above the water tanks placed by Government. This solar energy used mostly for
electricity purpose. But in field condition the farmer using it for pumping water.

Action Plan For Doubling Farmer’s Income (Alternative Farm Plan)

Name of Cropping system Problems faced Suggestions

contact farmer
Ms. Tuni Lima Paddy – Fallow Low yield of paddy, BPH Enterprise suggested –
(3 Ha) and YSB attack and BLB, mushroom culture, Soil-
brown spot improper testing of field,
nutrient management, Fruit recommended
and shoot borer, on Insecticides, Made a
vegetables farm plan

For paddy crop:

• Direct seeded rice, seed rate – 40 kg/ac, Basal dose of ½ N with fulldose of Potash and
Phosphorous
• Seed treatment with carbendazim and thiram@2gm/ 1Kg of seed
• Pre emergence herbicides –

Insect pest/ disease control:

Brown Plant Hopper-
• Foliar spray Dinotefuran (OSHEEN)20%SG@80g/ac or
• Pymetrozine (CHESS)50%WG @120g/ac or
• Flonicamid (ULALA) 50%WG @60g/ac or
• Triflumezopyrin (PEXALAN) 10%SC @95ml/ac.
• Avoid close planting.

41
 • Formation of alleys of 20cm width for every 2m of planting.
• Alternate drying and wetting of field.
Yellow Stem Borer-
• Foliar spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC@60ml/ac or
• Fenpropathrin 30%EC@133ml/ac or
• Flubendiamide 39.35%M/M SC@ 20ml/ac or
• Profenphos 50%EC@ 400ml/ac
• Clipping of leaf tips.
• Harvesting the crop up to the ground level and disturb the stubbles.
Rice Blast:
• Seed Treatment with carbendazim 50%WP + thiram 75%WP@ 2g/kg of seed
• Foliar Spray Tricyclazole (BEAM) 75%WP@ 0.6g/liter or
• Kasugamycin (KASU-B) 3%SL@ 2ml/liter or
• Hexaconazole (CONTAF) 5%EC@1ml/liter
• Avoid excess N-fertilizer application
• Burning of stubbles after harvest
• Destruction of collateral host Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria marginata.

ACTION PLAN
Farmer’s detail – Ms. Tuni Lima, Land holding – 3 acres

Income from paddy crop. Her family members cultivate paddy in 3 acres.

EXISTING COST OF CULTIVATION FOR PADDY FOR 1 ACRE

OPERATIONS UNIT RATE(RS) COST(RS)

1. FIELD Tractor 1hr 1200 1200

PREPARATION + 20m+ 4
CLEANING OF labours 300 1200
RIDGE

3. APPLICATION 2 labours 300 600

OF MANURE

4. SEED SOWING 1 labours 300 300

42
 5. 6 labour (1200+400) ×2 3200
TRANSPLANTING

6. WEEDING 3 labours 200+600 800

7. IRRIGATION 1 labour 300 300

8. APPLICATION 2 labour 300 600

OF FERTILIZERS
AND
MICRONUTRIENTS

9. HARVESTING Combine 2400 2400

harvester 1 hr.

10. SUB TOTAL (A) Rs.10,600

INPUTS UNIT RATE TOTAL COST (RS)

1. Seed cost 30kg 20 600

2. Manure 2 tractors 1500 3000

3.Fertilizers: 45:30:35 Kg (Urea- Rs 460, 2720

N:P:K (Urea. (1st Dose - DAP-Rs1550,
SSP, MOP) 20:30:20, 2nd MOP-Rs 1900)
Dose-25:0:15) 460+930+1330

4. Pesticides + 1 1500 + 200

labour

5. Transportation 1000
and loading
unloading of
paddy bags

6. Sub Total (B) Rs.9020

43
 LABOUR CHARGE (MALE=300/DAY AND FEMALE=200/DAY)

Total cost (Cost of Cultivation) = A+B= 10,600+ 9020=Rs.19,620 /-

• Yield = 30 bags – 8 bags=22bags (Keeping 8 bags for personal use)

= 22 ×77=1694kg or 17q

• Gross Income = 17 ×1964 = Rs.33,388 /-

• Net Profit = 33,388-19,620 = Rs.13,768 /-

• B:C Ratio = 0.70

From 3 acre of land, she got approx. 93 bags of 77kgs paddy.

From that, 45 bags were sold in Mandi @ 1960/q and 30 bags in local market @ 1000/q and rest 18 bags
for own consumption and seed purpose. So, 45×77 =34.65q ×1964 =68,053 /-

30×77=23.1q ×1000 =23100 /-

Total= 68,053+23,100=91,153 /-

Suggestions To Enhance Income From Existing Farm Model:

•Seed treatment should be followed @ 3gm of Captan or 1 gm Bavistin per kg seed to reduce pest and
disease incidence and increase germination percentage.

•Fertilizers should be applied only after following soil testing as per report with recommended doses.

•Nitrogen to be applied in 3 split doses. The entire amount of P and K and 1/3rd of N Should be applied
as basal application.2nd and 3rd Split of N are to be applied at tillering and panicle initiation stages
respectively.

•IPM practices should be followed to reduce the pest population below ETL:

1.Leaf folder control- Chlorpyriphos + Cypermethrine @400ml/acre. Removal of grassy weed from
field and bunds & avoid standing water.

2.Gundhi Bug-200g gur + 2 g malathion taken in a cloth and staked@10/ha. Gundhi bug will suck the
gur and die.

44
 ALTERNATE FARM PLAN

(PADDY STRAW MUSHROOM & VERMICOMPOST)

1st Year

•Proper training from KVK, Gunupur or from district level training program or School of Agriculture,
GIETU.

•Build several units under a well shaded area

•Cultivation can be started at a small scale

•Mushroom cultivation throughout the year along with staple crop rice

•Paddy straw obtained from the harvest can be used for bed preparation

Total area = 150 sq.m, Total bed = 50

Particulars Amount Cost

Spawn 50 units 20/ bottle (1,000)

Rice bran/Besan (200 gm/ bed) 10kg 60/ kg (600)

Polyethene 1-1.5Kg 300

CaCO3 (2% solution) 1 kg/ 35 beds 600

Paddy straw 16/ bed Own paddy straw after

harvest.

If Bur 800×1=800

Total Cost of Cultivation = Rs. 3,300 Or Rs.2,500 (If own straw used)

Yield = 35kg

Rate = Rs. 300/kg

Total Return = Rs.10,500

Net Profit = Rs.10,500 – Rs.3,300

= Rs.7,20 Or

45
 Rs.10,500 – Rs.2,500 = Rs.8,000(if own straw used)

B.C Ratio = Net Return / Cost of cultivation

= 7200/3300 = 2.1 Or

= 8000/2500= 3.2(if own straw used)

VERMICOMPOST UNIT
(Eiesenia foetida)
No. of tanks – 03

Tank size – 30ft X 10ft X 3ft

Production capacity – 12tonns

Expenditure – Rs- 1,00,000/-

Gross income – Rs- 1,20,000/-

Profit – Rs- 20,000/-

As, the partial decomposed waste material is the outcome of mushroom, it can be used as raw material
for vermicompost unit. And it is a cyclic process.

SUBSIDY BY GOVT.

FOR MUSHROOM

• Under State Plan-Rs1500 per 30 beds

• Under OIIPCRA (Nonbankable)- Size-30ft×20ft
Project Cost -1Lakh, Subsidy-40%
• Under MIDH(Bankable)- Size-30ft×20ft
Project Cost-1Lakh, Subsidy-40%

FOR VERMICOMPOST UNIT

Under MIDH, For -3 beds, Size-30ft×10ft×3ft, Project Plan-1Lakh

Subsidy-50%

46
 ANNEXURE – 1: AGRONOMIC AND AGROMETEOROLOGICAL
INTERVENTION

PARAMETER PROBLEM FARMER’S RECOMMENDED SUGGESTION

IDENTIFICATION PRACTICE
PADDY

Variety Local variety RJL, High yielding variety (Low land)

MTU- Saudamini-Lodging resistance
1001, CR- Dhan-310-High protein
Pooja, content
Surendra Swarna-SUB-1, Hasanta –
Disease pest resistance
Seed rate Loss of more Broadcasting 100kg/ha for Broadcasting
seed (2 Bags of 15kg/ha for Hybrid seed
77kg)
Spacing Conventional 10×10 (20×15) cm
Method cm SRI – (25×25) cm
Time of Sowing Early/Delay of May- June-July
monsoon June
Time of Improper time 15-20 DAS 20-30 DAS
Transplanting
Weeding Time Manually Mechanically and weedicide
consuming application like;
and High I. Propanil @ 3kg a.i. in
labour cost 400-600lt water / ha at
6-8 DAT.
II. Butachlor 50% EC- 1.0-
1.5 kg/ha as pre-
emergence (3-5 DAT)
III. Fluchloralin – Soil
incorporated at the time
of puddling
IV. Pretilachlor 37% EW-
0.6-0.75 kg/ha as pre
emergence (3-5 DAT)

Fertilizers and Imbalanced Urea, • NPK – 100:60:60 and 25kg

Micronutrient dose of DAP, Zinc Sulphate monohydrate (33%
fertilizer GROME Zn) Powder – Soil application

47
 application R, MOP as basal, Basal dose of 25% of
N fertilizer and full dose of P
and K.
• 1 Top dressing 50% of N, 2nd
st

top dressing remaining 25% of

N we should apply.

Bio-Fertilizer • Azolla -1 tonne/ ha

(As green manure 15 days prior to
transplanting @ 1ton fresh
Azolla /ha as main crop or as
intercrop with rice.)
Irrigation Not irrigating During • Tillering stage (20 DAT)
at critical sowing • Booting or late panicle initiation
stages and stage
semi-
dried
conditio(
Dependin
g on
rainfall,
canal)
Insect pest NUVACRON • Alternate wetting and drying
BPH attack • Buprofezin 25% sc-500ml/ha or
Thiamethoxan 25wg-100g/ha
• Spray Imidachloprid (200 SL)
@0.3%
• Grow multi gene resistance varieties
like IR-36, IR-60
• Alley 30 cm wide after every 3m. of
rice planting

Yellow stem borer •Arthin •Clipping of leaf tips before

•Novacron transplanting
•Application of Cartap hydrochloride
4G @2.5kg a.i./ha or Carbofuran
3G@25kg/ha
•Resistance variety like Lalat and
Srabani
•Use of Pheromone trap at 20 DAT/ 30
DAS
•Light trap -At Vegetative Stage,6PM -
9PM
•Harvesting of crops from ground level
White fly •Ulala Yellow sticky Trap
48
•Ampligo Using Neem oil
 Thiamethoxam -50g /ha as foliar spray
Harvesting Late harvesting JAN-FEB NOV-DEC
Yield 23-26q/acere

COTTON
Variety Less Yield Desi Variety • Dhanlaxmi (Hybrid Variety)
Advance999
Seed rate Imbalanced amount 1-2kg/acre • 4kg/acre (Desi variety)
of seed application • 1.25kg/acre (Hybrid Variety)
Spacing More Plant Traditional • 67.5 ×30 cm (Desi Cotton)
population Method • 100 ×60 cm (Hybrid Cotton)

Time of Sowing Last week of June

to First week of
July
Weeding Time consuming Manually • Pre-emergence/Post-emergence
Spraying Paraquat spray of Diuron @0.5kg a.i./ha
and 2,4-D • Pendimethalin 30% EC -0.75-
1.0kg/ ha as Pre- emergence (0-
3 DAS)
Irrigation Unaware about After Sowing • Germination stage
Critical stage of In dried condition • Square forming stage
irrigation • Vegetative stage

Fertilizers and Imbalanced • Gypsum (15% S) – 15 kg S/ha

Micronutrients application (Soil application as basal)
Insect pest Pink Bollworm Arthin • Use Pheromone trap – At
Chloropyriphous Vegetative and Flowering Stage
50%EC • Emamectin benzoate 0.5g/liter+
Neemark 1% 1ml/liter
• Hand picking of larvae
• Growing of Bt. Cotton
• Deep ploughing at the end of
February
Tobacco caterpillar • Use a Pheromone trap -At
Vegetative and Flowering Stage
• Poison baits
• Hand picking of larva
• Nuvaluron 8.8%SC
• Spinetoram 11.7%SC

49
 Whitefly • Spraying of Imidachloprid
200SL @75gm a.i./ha or
Thiomethoxam @45gm a.i./ha
• Spray Dimethoate @1ml/liter of
water.
• Yellow sticky trap – At
Vegetative Stage
Harvesting Early harvesting NOV-DEC • It can be extended to March but
it also depends upon sowing
time
Yield Less yield 10q/acre • 14-15q/acre if proper practices
are followed.

CROP TECHNOLOGICAL SUGGESTION

GAP
RICE Broadcasting of • Advice to do line sowing in a small area for trial
seeds, Excesses use basis.
of nitrogenous • Maintenance of plant population by thick seeding in
fertilizer, Weeding 10% of corner area.
time • R.D-80:40:40 kg/ha
• Applying N in 3 split dose (Basal Dose 25%, 1st top
dressing 50% (tillering stage),2nd top dressing 50%
(P.I))
• Application of pre-emergence Pretilachlor
[email protected]/ha mixing with sand @ 20kg/ac
• Weeding prior to 30-45DAS

COTTON Growing on clayey • Growing on clayey soils instead of black soils

soils instead of • Water stagnation in heavy moisture
black soils, Water • retaining soils.
stagnation in heavy • Spraying of 1.5%DAP at 75 and 90 DAG and 0.75%
moisture DAP + 0.75% MOP at 105 DAG.
retaining soils • Topping in cotton- Removal of terminal bud when the
plant will attain 1meter height(90 days after
germination) to encourage the side branching for
formation of more balls.

Plot Wise History Of Farmers Including Cropping Scheme

a) Village name : Khilapadar
b) Major two crops of the Village: Cotton,rice
c) Name of the Host Farmers : Ratan Kumar Gomango

50
 d) Area (ha) : 3 ac
e) Soil Properties:
a) Soil Type : Black soil
b) Texture : Clay + silt
c) Soil pH : 5.5
d) Soil EC : 0.0075 (Low Salinity water)
f) Irrigation available to the field: Yes
g) Source : Borewell, Canal, Rainfall
h) Area irrigated : no
i) Previous Cropping History
j) Kharif : Cotton, Rice
k) Rabi : -----
l) Summer : -------
From where do farmers get information about extreme/ abnormal weather condition i.e., cyclone, flood,
drought, etc.?

TV Almost in every home (DD national)

Radio Very rarely used

Mobile Apps to be suggested – Mausam, Meghdoot , Umang, Damini lightning
applications

Phone SMS Yes

1.Whether they are in regular contact with KVK for agromet advisor service (AAS)? Very rarely

Remarks – The farmers can be advised to get in regular touch with AAS and KVK

2.Whether the data/ information acquire from KVK are helpful for crop production or not ? YES

Remarks – If the farmer will know the weather data accordingly he /she will make the crop plan and
tillage operation.

3.Whether they are adopting weather based cropping systems? Generally not aware

Remarks – Farmers only practice monocropping and due to limited water availability, and unpredictable
weather conditions hence they need to adopt new cropping practices.

4.Do they use various mobile applications (Meghdoot/ Mousam/ Damini) that are helpful for different
agricultural operations related to agrometeorological services? Not aware of any mobile applications

Are they involved in fisheries sector?

51
Yes One successful farmer (Mr. Rajiv Sahu) practices integrated farming system of
Fishery pond and plantation crops (Coconut)

FEMA Uses to some extent -

App

5.Are they aware of free helpline numbers (KCC or Ama Krushi Live Call centre) to get access to Agro
advisory services? Yes, they seldom call KCC for details regarding particular farming practices,
they just need to be aware of agro advisory services and follow their plan of action

6.Are farmers totally dependent upon the monsoon or they have alternative irrigation sources in their
village for crop production? No, they are dependent on monsoon but also on canal irrigation, which
is quite away from the village, but due to irregular supply create a problem for the villagers.
Water reached 2-3 days late when discharged from Kenduguda dam to Khilapadar.

Water Resources of Village

Water Resources Numbers

1. Ponds Total no. of ponds 4

No. of ponds used for fishery 3

No. of ponds used for Irrigation 0

No. of ponds used for Domestic/ 1

Community use

Seasonality of pond (how many Throughout the year

months the ponds carry water)

2. Canal Area under canal irrigation Major area

3. Ground No. of deep Tube wells 24

water

Areas under ground water irrigation

4. River No. of Rivers 0

52
 Sources Of Irrigation For Cultivation For Cultivation Of Major Field Crops
Major Field Crops Sources Of Irrigation

Paddy Canal, Rainfall

Cotton Canal, Rainfall

Maize Canal, Rainfall

Vegetables Canal, Rainfall

Month Wise Farm Operation Carried Out For Cultivation Of Major Field Crops
Season Farm operation

1. April-May (Baisakha) -

2. May-June (Jyestha) -

3. June-July (Asadha) Summer Ploughing

4. July-August (Srabana) Wet Ploughing

5. August-September (Bhadraba) Sowing and Transplanting

6. September-October (Aswina) Weeding and Irrigation , Application of

fertilizer & pesticides.

7. October-November (Kartika) -

8. November-December (Margasira) Harvesting

9. December-January (Pausa) Harvesting

10. January-February (Magha) Threshing, winnowing

11. February-March (Falguna) Packing

12. March-April (Chaitra) -

- If dry spell occurs, during the growing season farmers who have canal water supply they provide
irrigation or by borewell and farmers who don’t have any of these they leave the land fallow.

53
- Khilapadar village is a drought prone area.

- No, they are not adopting any drought prone varieties.

- Farmers get the alert about the onset of monsoon mainly through TV and mobile phones.

- No, they do not apply any crop insurance in case of crop failure.

- The amount of solar radiation in the Khilapadar village is quiet enough for drying of agricultural
field products.

ANNEXURE-2: HORTICULTURAL INTERVENTIONS

BRINJAL
SL. PARAMETER PROBLEM FARMER PRACTICE RECOMMENDED
NO IDENTIFIED SUGGESTIONS
1 Variety Poor Yield Desi Variety • ARKA NIDHI
Pusa Purple Round • Utkal
• Madhuri
2 Spacing 60 ×45 cm • 60 x 45 cm
3
4 Time of Late Sowing June-July • May
Sowing
5 Transplanting 45 DAS • 45 DAS
6 Weeding Time Manually • Mechanically
Consuming • Application of
herbicides like Diquat
and Paraquat
7 Irrigation During sowing • During sowing
Vegetative stage • Germination stage
Maturity phase • Vegetative stage
• During flowering
• Maturity phase

54
8 Insect Pest Shoot and Fruit Application of Nuvacron • Foliar spray
Borer Flubendiamide
(FAME/FLUID)
39.35%EC@5ml/15lit
res or
• Spinosad
(CONSERVE/ONEU
P/TRACER)
45%SC@5ml/15litres
or
• Spinetoram
(DELIGATE)11.7%S
C @80ml/ac.
• At Alternate Manner
• Handpicking of borers
and destroying them.
• Installation of
Trichocards @ 2.5/ac.
9 Whitefly Nuvacron • Imidacloprid 200 SL
@75g a.i./ha
• Yellow Sticky Trap at
Vegetative Stage
10 Harvesting Not proper time From June- July the start • It can be extended
upto March but it also
depends upon the
sowing time.
11 Yield 5-7q/half acre
OKRA
1 Variety Low Yield Local Variety • Prabhan Kranti
• Arka Anamika
• Arka Abhay
2 Spacing Less Plant 45 × 45cm • 30 × 30cm
population
3 Seed rate Inadequate 7 kg/ha • 12 – 15 kg/ ha
application of (Kharif)
seed • 18 – 20 kg/ ha (Spring
– Summer)
4 Time of June – July
Sowing Feb – March
5 Weeding Time consuming Manually • Mechanically
• Spraying of herbicides
like 2,4-D and
paraquat
6 Manure Compost and FYM • 15-20 tonne FYM
should be applied 3-4
weeks before sowing
• Vermicompost
7 Water During sowing • During sowing
Management Semi dried condition • Interval of 4-5 days in
summer
• Fruit setting stage
8 Fertilizers Imbalanced • NPK – 120:50:0.85
Fertilizer Full P + Full K + 1/3 N
are mixed and
applied as basal
dressing. Rest N
applied in two equal
doses at 30 DAT and
40 DAT
9 Insect pest
10 Whitefly NUVACRON • Thiamethoxam 25%
ARTHIN WG – 25g / ha
• Pyriproxyfen 10% EC
-50 g/ ha
11 Fruit and Shoot • Foliar Spray
borer NUVACRON Novaluron
ARTHIN (RIMON)10%EC
@1ml/ litre or
• Flubendiamide(FAM
E)39.35EC@5ml/15
litres or
• EmamectinBenzoate
5%SG@54-68gm/ac .
• Installation of
Trichocards @ 2.5/ac.
13 Aphids, Jassids, • Cypermethrin 25 %
Thrips EC -37-50 g/ha
• Malathion 50 % EC
• Buprofezin 70% DF
200g /ha
14 Harvesting Not proper time MidJune –July It can be extended upto
March but it also
depends upon the
sowing time.
15 Yield 7-8q/0.5 acre They are getting good amount
of yield.

56
 • If dry spell occurs during growing season those farmers who have canal water supply, they
provide irrigation through that or by borewell other farmers who don’t have any of these they
leave the land fallow. Khilapadar village is a drought prone area.
• They are not adopting any drought prone varieties.
• Farmers get the alert about the onset of monsoon through TV, SMS and Mobile app.
• They do not apply any crop insurance in case of crop failure.
• The amount of solar radiation in the Khilapadar village is quiet enough for drying of agricultural
field products.

Fruits Area Covered Variety Irrigation Propagation

Practice Practice
Guava Besides fishery Turkish pink,
pond Allahabad safed, Drip Trench method,
Seedless variety irrigation airlayering
(Arkamridula)
hybrid
Papaya Fishery pond Red lady, dwarf Drip Propagated by seed
and roadside variety irrigation
Mango Plantationtrees Banganapall Drip Grafting
e, Amrapali, irrigation
Dasheri,
Kalmi
Lemon Fishery pond Hybrid variety Drip Cutting, budding
irrigation
Banana Fishery pond Desi variety Drip Rhizome and
irrigation sucker

ANNEXURE-3: SOIL SCIENCE INTERVENTION

The soil sample was collected from rice field:

• PH-5.9 (Slightly acidic) By testing the samples in our laboratory.

• EC-0.047
• Colour-black
• Structure- structure less
• Texture-silty clay
• Constraints-swelling and shrinkage - Crack formation
Properties of Black soil

• Poor infiltration rate

• Poor aggregate structure
• Poor aeration

57
 • Typical character of black soil-Gilgai micro relief. Surface is not levelled due to
montmoronillite.
SOURCE OF IRRIGATION:
Mainly source of irrigation in the village are rainfall and canal. All are irrigated lands.
TYPES AND NATURE OF THE LAND:
The type of land that is found in the village is low, medium and high and the nature of the field is slopy
and depression.
Crop grown like rice, cotton mainly they do monocropping.
CONSTRAINTS IN THE VILLAGE
• Swelling and shrinkage with deep wide cracks are seen.
• Moisture stress and plant uptake capacity decreases as water isn’t available to the plant because
water is tenaciously hold by the montmorillonitic clays.
• As the montmorillonitic clays have the property to absorb water, when the soil is irrigated, due to
swelling of the clay the soil becomes sticky and difficult to operate. If standing crops in these soils are
irrigated, due to swelling of clay, an anoxic condition develops and its difficult for the plant root to
respire (root decomposition).
•Due to monocropping, soil fertility and health get destroyed.
•Farmers are totally depended on inorganic fertilizer.
RECLAMATION MEASURES
•Farmers were practicing textural manipulation by the farmer by addition sand and stubbles in the field.
•Avoid monocropping, so that soil fertility should increased by adopting crop rotation with pulses.
•Due to structural destruction, year after year of growing one crop, they can applied organic matter like
FYM, vermicompost, compost etc. and growing of green manure crops.
•Land is to be left fallowed and organic matter continuously applied and pulverized the soil.
•Intermitted irrigation should be followed.
•Levelling should be essential after ploughing and tillage as soil
•We had told them for practice vertical mulching and other mulching practices as the water retention
should be more.
•We had suggest to grow acid resistant crop like oats , maize, citrus, cashew nut, pineapple, lemon
grasses, tomato etc.

58
 CONCLUSION
From the visit regarding the soil intervention we concluded that in the village the farmers aren’t aware
of the soil health card, soil testing and proper reclamation measures of the problematic soil.

NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY AND THEIR MANAGEMENT:

NUTRIEN CROP SYMPTOMS FARMER’S RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
T
PRACTICE
Nitrogen Cotton Reduced plant No specific Mulching the soil or covering the soil
height and management with different mulches to avoid
uniform yellowing followed infiltration losses, to grow erosion
and then chlorosis resistant crops, and judicious use of
fertilizers if it is less than that of
recommended dose then it should be
increased by 25% by both foliar
application and soil application
Rice Old leaves and all No specific Judicious use of fertilizers with
leaves turns out management proper doses and mulching
light green and followed. withgrass mulches.
chlorotic at the
tip.
Phosphorus Cotton Smaller, very No specific Application of proper doses of
darkgreen leaves management fertilizers (P) in right timeand
and with purplish followed. also we can suggest them to use
reddening of the concentrated organic manure
like
leaves are seen
bonemeal.

Pottasium Cotton Reduced plant No specific Foliar application of potassium

height in a slow management and regular soil testing is
rate and lodging is followed.
recommended.
seen in the crops

Zinc Rice Yellowing of Application of Foliar spray of ZnSO4 + 2.5kg

leaves, Necrotic Zinc sulphate. slaked lime.
spots and death of

59
 leaf tissue and
bronzing of the
leaves.

ANNEXURE-4: PLANT PROTECTION INTERVENTION

SL.NO CROP INSECT/ FARMER’S POSSIBLE SUGGESTIONS

DISEASE PRACTICE
01 RICE STEM Nuvacron@ Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%
BORER 2ml/litre. SC@60ml/ac or
Fenpropathrin 30%EC@133ml/ac or
Flubendizamide 39.35%M/M SC@
20ml/ac or
Profenphos 50%EC@ 400ml/ac
Clipping of leaf tips.
Harvesting the crop upto the ground
level and disturb the stubbles.
02 RICE BPH Imidacloprid@ Foliar spray
(BROWN 1.5ml/litre Dinotefuran(OSHEEN)20%SG@80g/a
PLANT Topaz@250gm c or
HOPPER) /litre Pymetrozine (CHESS)50%WG
@120g/ac or
Flonicamid(ULALA) 50%WG
@60g/ac or
Triflumezopyrin(PEXALAN) 10%SC
@95ml/ac.
Avoid close planting.
Formation of alleys of 20cm width for
every 2m of planting.
Alternate drying and wetting of field.
03 RICE SWARAMI No specific practice Chlorpyriphos 50% + Cypermethrin
NG Trisdhul 5% EC@400ml/ac Foliar spray or
CATERPIL Profenophos 50% EC @400ml/ac
LAR Foliar spray
04 RICE BLB No Specific Practice Seed treatment Streptomycin sulphate
(BACTERI 90% + Tetracycline hydrochloride
A LEAF 10%SP @ 1.5g/10kg of seed
BLIGHT) Foliar spray Copper Oxychloride
50%WP @ 3.0gm/litre / Copper
Hydroxide @ 2g/litre.

60
05 RICE RICE Ridomil Gold Seed Treatment with carbendazim
BLAST 50%WP + thiram 75%WP@ 2g/kg of
seed
Foliar Spray Tricyclazole(BEAM)
75%WP@ 0.6g/litre or
Kasugamycin (KASU-B) 3%SL@
2ml/litre
or
Hexaconazole(CONTAF)
5%EC@1ml/litre.
Avoid excess N-fertilizer application
Burning of stubbles after harvest
Destruction of collateral host
Echinochloa crusgalli ,
Digitaria marginata.
06 COTTON PINK Flonicamide (Ulala) , Growing of maize as trap crop.
BOLL Phoskill Avoiding ratooning and summer cotton.
WORM Installation of pheromone traps with
Gossyplure@15-20/ha.
Foliar Spray Lambda cyhalothrin
5%CS @1ml/litre of water Or
Flubendiamide (FAME) @5ml/15 l at
Flowering Stage
07 COTTON WHITE Chloropyiphos25%EC Foliar Spray Afidopyropen 50G/L
FLY @50ml/litre DC@400g/ac or
Confider@2ml/litre. Pyriproxyfen 10%EC @ 400ml/ac or
Azadirachtin 0.15% W/W @ 600ml/ac.
Adopting crop rotation with non
preferred hosts such as sorghum , ragi,
maize.
Setup Yellow sticky traps @ 4-5/ha.
08 COTTON BACTERIA No Specific Practice Seed treatment with Streptocycline @
L BLIGHT 1.5g/10kg of seed.
Foliar spray with streptocycline @
10g+ Copper Oxychloride @25g/10 l
of water.
09 BRINJAL FRUIT & Emamectin Foliar spray
SHOOT Tychi Flubendiamide(FAME/FLUID)
BORER Alanto @2.5ml/litre 39.35%EC@5ml/15litres or
Spinosad(CONSERVE/ONEUP/TRAC
ER)45%SC@5ml/15litres or
Spinetoram (DELIGATE)11.7%SC
@80ml/ac.
At Alternate Manner
Handpicking of borers and destroying
them.
 Installation of Trichocards @ 2.5/ac.
10 BRINJAL PHOMOSP No Specific Seed Treatment-
SIS Management Carboxin37.5%+Thiram37.5% @2g/kg
DISEASE of seed (VITAVAX POWER)
Foliar Spray Tebuconazole@1ml/litre
or
Difenoconazole@5ml/10 litres of water
or
Carbendazim 12%+Mancozeb 63%
@2g/litre.
Plucking of infected fruit and plant
parts.
11 OKRA FRUIT& Nuvacron and Alanto Foliar Spray Novaluron
SHOOT @2.5ml/litre (RIMON)10%EC @1ml/ litre or
BORER Flubendiamide(FAME)39.35EC@5ml/
15 litres or
EmamectinBenzoate 5%SG@54-
68gm/ac .
Installation of Trichocards @ 2.5/ac.
12 OKRA YELLOW No Specific Seed Treatment by Imidacloprid
VEIN Management (GAUCHO)70%WS @2-5 g/kg of
MOSAIC Seed
VIRUS Thiamethoxam 25%WG @0.2gm/litre
Setup Yellow Sticky Trap 8-10/ac at 2
leaf Stage
Uproot and burn the infected plant
from the field.
13 CHILLI CHILLI Oberon & Aabasin Flubendiamide(FLAM/FLUID)
FRUIT 39.35EC@6O-80ml/ac or
BORER Indoxacarb (AVAUNT)14.5%SC
@1ml/litre
Poison baiting.
14 CHILLI CHILLI Tychi & Oberon Spiromesifen(OBERON)22.9% SC &
LEAF Abamectin(VERTIMEC/ABACIN)1.8
CURL %EC &
COMPLEX Milbemycin(MILBENOCK)1%EC
@1ml/litre
At Fruiting Stage
Ethion(PHOSIMIDE)50%EC@2ml/litr
e
At Vegetative Stage

62
 INFORMATION ON IDM TO BE COLLECTED IN THE FORM OF
QUESTIONNAIRE FROM THE HOSTFARMER

1. What do you mean by IDM? Integrated disease management is the practice

of using a range of measures to prevent and
manage diseases in crops.
2. What are the components of IDM? Host plant resistance, cultural practices,
biological control and chemical control.
3. What are the chemicals used in the field against Chemicals used as herbicide, insecticide,
plant diseases? fungicide etc.,
4. Who suggested you to use the chemicals? Suggestion given by Gram Sevak

5. What is the source of purchase of chemicals? Padmapur market is the source for purchase of
chemicals
6. How do you know the quantity of chemicals to As suggested by Gramsevak, and from
be purchased? shopkeeper
7. How you prepare the pesticidal solution? 1st take required amount of water, next add
desired amount of pesticide.
8. Do you use the glass wares and measuring No, such equipment was used by farmers
equipment for accurate measurement of
fungicide/ chemicals?
9. What is the means of spray of fungicide? To control the pest attacked crop to obtain a
good yield.
10. Whether the fungicide is applied alone or in In Khilapadar village farmers apply fungicide
combination with other chemicals/ bio-agents? alone
11. Whether you know the dose of fungicide? Yes

12. Time and dose of application of fungicide? Dose will be varied 6-12 ml per 12lit sprayer

13. Whether fungicides are applied as preventive or Fungicides are applied as preventive measured
curative measures?
14. Do you follow any other methods of disease Yes, farmers follow cultural method of disease
control? control
15. Are the Govt. officials/ extension scientists are Gram Sevak guides for disease control
guiding you in process of disease management?
16. Do you follow the advice given on TV/Radio in Yes
krishi Darshan programme regarding IDM
17. Do you face any problem in disease Yes, after applying of pesticide if rain occurs
management under field condition? that leads to again loss

63
 ANNEXURE-5: CROP IMPROVEMENT & SEED SCIENCE INTERVENTION
1. Name of the farmer: Mr.Uma Sankar Misal, Mr. Shiba Sabar
2. Village Name: Khilapadar
3. Block- Padmapur
4. District- Rayagada
5. Area occupied: Farm: 9acre
6. Crop(s) grown by the farmers: -
i) Field crops: Rice
ii) Horticultural crops: Brinjal, Okra, Cowpea, Chilli, Ridge gourd, Ivy gourd
7. Institution/ Organization/ Research station nearby, if any: KVK
DATA COLLECTION:
A.Preferred Characters: Area Under Cultivation - 8acre 40cents In Rice

Variety/ Cultivated Maturity Grain Height Cooking Aroma Resistance

landrace Land type time
Sonam 1acre 125-135 Long and Semi 25min Good
days slender dwarf
surendra 1acre 135 days Small and Semi 20 min Good Moderate
thick dwarf resistance to
BPH, BLB
MTU- 3acre 120 days Small& Semi 25min No
1001 slender dwarf aroma
MTU- 3acre 135-145 Thin & Semi 30 min No Moderate
1009 days slender dwarf aroma resistance to
BPH, Rice blast

B.Other Crops:
Vegetables variety Yield/acre Marketable Income
Price/Kg
Okra Radhika 5-6q 40-50rupees 12,000-15,000/-
Brinjal Utkal green 7-8q 40-50-rupees 9,000-10,000/-
Chilli Local 50-60kg 80-100rupees 12,000-15000/-
Cowpea Ankur Ganga, Local 3.5-4q 30-40rupees 12,000-15,000/-

64
 C.Technology Adopted:
Technology Adoption
Hybrid seed Yes
Desi/Local Yes
Landraces/ Indigenous Variety No
Tissue cultured crop No
Bt Cotton Yes
Unique GI of area No
8. If any farmer field trial going on- NO
9. Any Farmer related to AICRP/RKVY/State level project - NO
D.Procurement of seeds
Crop Variety Local *Certified Yield/acre
seed seeds/Notified
seed
Paddy Sonam, Surendra, MTU- Yes 18-19q
1001
MTU-1009 Yes 17-18q
Yes 18-19q
Yes 18-19q
Okra Radhika Yes 5-7q
Brinjal Utkal Green Yes 7-8q
Cowpe Ankura Ganga Yes 4-5q
a
➢ *If Certified/Truthfully labelled seed: (Check the seed packets for details)

Crop From Germination Moisture Tag Disease Field

(Breeder % % colo resistanc germinatio
seed/ r e n
foundation %
seed/ certified
seed)
Rice Certified seed 85% 10-12% Azure Moisture 80-85%
stress, BPH
Cotton Certified seed 75% 8% Azure Boll-worm 70-75%
Okra Certified seed 80% 5% Azure 75%
Brinjal Certified seed 80% 7% Azure 75-80%
Cowpea Certified seed 80% 5% Azure 80%

65
 • If farmer’s own seed:
Crop Variety From Storag Duration
e Crop Storage
own Exchangin method Duratio duratio
gwith n n
others
Surendra (Rice) Yes Gunny bag 135 days 8 months
MTU- Yes Gunny bag 120 days 8 months
1001(Rice)
E. Seed treatment:
Sl. Seed treatment Seed treatment Duration Dose
no. (organic/inorganic reagent
)
1 Organic Hot water 1-2 hour 10 kg/L
2 Organic Cow dung 1-2 hour 10 kg/L
slurry
F. Seed Sown Method
Crop Variety Transplan Broadcasting Line Problem faced by
ting Sowing farmers
Rice Surendra No Yes More seed required
Rice MTU-1001 No Yes More seed required
Okra Radhika Yes Yes Nursery area required
Brinjal Utkal green Yes Yes Nursery area required
G. If farmers followed seed production technology, then:
• Yes, farmers are using their previous seeds.
• Rouging:
Crop Variety Name of off types Stage(Vegetative/Flowering/Harvesting)
Rice MTU- Doob grass, Cyprus weed, After 15-20 day of transplanting
1001 disease affected plants
Brinjal Utkal Doob grass, disease affected Weeding 20 DAS after transplanting
green plants

• Seed Harvesting Stage and method:

Crop Variety Stage of maturity (Dry/Green) Method of harvesting
Rice Surendra Completely dry Combine harvester
MTU-1001 Completely dry Combine harvester
Brinjal Utkal green Green Hand picking

66
 H. Seed Processing
Mention name here only- Traditional New technology
(methods)
Seed extraction method No Combine harvester
Seed drying method and duration of drying Yes Sun drying
Seed cleaning method No Combine harvester
Seed grading method No Combine harvester

• Seed Packaging: Collect the information about the packaging process

Types Materials Storage Capacity Cost of Precaution during packaging
(Long/Short duration Packaging
term) Material
Short Gunny bags, 8-9 76 kg Very less Avoid from moist place and
duration plastic jars months stored grain pest
(Rice)
Brinjal Gunny bags 1-2 days 55-60 Very less Avoid from moisture and
only kg storage pest
Chilli Plastic and 1-3 days 40-50 Very less Avoid from moisture
gunny bags kg
• Seed Storage
Types Structure Duration Capacity Precautions Seed treatment
for storage (Store Grain
Pest)
Rice Temporary 8-9 months 76 kg Avoid from moist place Ash powder
and stored grain pest
Brinjal Temporary 1-2 days 55-60 kg Avoid from moisture Fumigation
only and storage pest
Brinjal Temporary 1-3 days 40-50 kg Avoid from moisture Fumigation
and storage pest

67
 ANNEXURE-6: EXTENSION AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY
ACTIVITIES
Study of development programme and activities of various agriculture and rural development
programme, extension agencies or organization.

1. Name of the farmer: Mr. Samson Raita

2. Village: Khilapadar
3. Age: 40
4. Education: Up to high school level
5. Total members in family: 10
• Men: 03
• Women: 03
• Children: 04
6. Total area of land owned (in ha) – 1ha (Irrigated)
7. Sources of information used by farmers:
A) How do you obtain the latest information about agricultural technology?
By AAO, KVK, TV, MOBILE
B) On which topics you feel that you are not getting information?
Some Govt. Schemes, regarding soil testing, appropriate use of pesticide and fertiliser
application, training programme
C) Do you regularly obtain farm information from the VLW? NO
D) Do you contact University Experts for obtaining information about agricultural technology?
NO
E) Do you regularly listen to the Kisan wani‟ and other similar programmes of All India Radio?
NO
F) Are you a subscriber of News Paper / Krishi Jagaran / Krushak sambad/Oryza or other similar
agricultural magazine? NO
G) How do you keep yourself update about the new agricultural technology to be adopted on your
farms?
TV, mobile, AAO, Sarpanch
H) About 10 SHG’s groups are formed in the village and self-employed.
8. Adoption Of Farm Technology: The student is expected to collect the information about the
adoption of recommended f technology related to major crops.

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Sl.No. Technology Adopted Name of Crops/ varieties

1. Improved varieties Brinjal- VNR-218, JK 8031

Pumpkin-VNR 11

Paddy- MTU 1001, Pooja, RGL

Chilli- Ankur Arch 2121

Cowpea- Kashi Kanchan

Cotton-KCHH-1049 BGII, NCS-9011 B12 , US 4108

(Hybrid Seed)

2. Seed treatment By Bavistin & thiram , Cow Dung Slurry , Hot water
treatment

3. Recommended doses of fertilizer Urea, MOP, DAP,GROMOR , 20-20

4. Irrigation method Bore well , Drip Irrigation

5. Use of Weedicides Glycel (Glyphosate 41% SI) 90ml/15lits of water

6. Insecticide Imidacloprid 30.5 EC (Victor Super), ULALA, BILBO B

505, Lambda cyhalothrin 4.9% CS (Sapphire).

9. Identifying Specific Gaps In Adoption:

• Less awareness about new agriculture technologies & Govt. schemes and policies.
• Lack of knowledge about appropriate dosage of fertilizers and pesticides in different crops.
• No storage facility.
• Communication gap between VAW and farmers. As VAWs aren’t visiting frequently.
10. Action Oriented Suggestion For Solving The Problems
• Regular visit to AAO offices and KVKs and keep updated about new technology.
• Contact with VAW frequently to obtain the farm information and VAW should visit the farm
frequently.
• Availing the soil health card scheme, Krusak Call Center , Ama Krushi Potal.
• Application of organic manure and other ITK’s should be encouraged.
• Training programmes and frequent field inspections must be carried out and make themselves
self-sustained by knowing about modern technologies and govt. schemes.

69
 11. Mainly they are availing govt. schemes like KALIA yojana (Getting yearly Rs.5000 but not in
time) and PM-Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana (Getting 3 times in a year i.e. quarterly Rs.2000).

ANNEXURE-7: FORESTRY/AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES

➢ Name of village: Khilapadar

➢ Block: Padampur
➢ District: Rayagada
➢ Any forest and other wooded land present nearby? Yes
➢ Distance from the nearby forest- 2 km
➢ Whether dependent on forests for any livelihood activity? Yes
➢ Name of the activity - Acacia, Neem and Tamarind (Used as medicinal plant)
➢ Any Major/ Minor Forest Products obtained? Yes

1.Utilisation of Forest Products for livelihood

Sl. No Products Tree Species

1 Timber Chakunda ,Teak , Acacia

2 Pulpwood Eucalyptus

3 Pulp Tamarind tree

4 Seed oil & Mahua Tree

Flower

Any forest land or plantation owned? Yes

2.Tree Plantation details

Sl. No Type Of Area In Year Of Tree Species Number Of Planting

Plantation Ha Plantation Trees Per Spacing
Species

1. Block 0.5 ha 2015 Senna occidentalis 250 2m x 2m

Plantation
2. 0.2 ha 2016 Tectona grandis 110 2m x 2m

70
 3. 0.1 ha 2017 Eucalyptus 60 1.8 x 1.8 m

4. 0.1 ha 2015 Acacia 70 2m x 1.8m

auriculiformis

5. House - 2010 Tamarindus indicus 3 -

hold
6. - 2019 Pterocarpus 1 -
santalinus

7. Pond - 2012 Cocos nucifera 100 6m × 6m

Boundary
Plantation

ANNEXURE-8: ECONOMIC INTERVENTION

A. Transport, Education and Health Services.
(i) Bus Stand- 5km away, in Padampur
(ii) Railway Station- 20 km away, in Gunupur
(iii) Post Office- Sub Post office in village
(iv) Condition of Road: Good for transportation
(v) School- High school present in village
(vi) College- 10km away from village
(vii) Primary Health Centre: In village and in Padmapur also
(viii) Private Dispensary: Not present in village, in Padmapur
(ix) Anganwadi: Present in Village

Population (Village Demography) Classification of families

Sl. No. Occupation No. of Families Percentage
1 Agriculturists 150 52.44%
2 Landless farmers/ Laborers 80-100 27.97-34.96%
3 Village artisans 1-2 0.34-0.699%
4 Industry/Factory Workers 5-6 1.74-2.09%
5 Self Employed (Business) 2-4 0.699-1.39%
6 Teachers 5-10 1.74-3.49%
7 Private Sector Employee 2-4 0.699-1.39%
8 Other Govt. Sector 9-10 3.14-3.49%
Total 286

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 Level of literacy

SI. No. Types of Literary Number

Male Female
1 Illiterate 400 450
2 Studied up to V - -
3 Studied up to VIII Class - -
4 Studied Up to X Class - -
5 Studied up to XI Class 450 509
7 Graduates 68 35
8 Post Graduates 11 7

Drinking Water Facilities:

SI. No. Source Number of sources No. of families depending upon

sources
1 Well 3 3
2 Tube wells 24 200
3 Pond -
4 Other (tank & govt.) 3 160
Total 29 8

Marketing Facilities-

SI. No. Type Available within Nearest Place to the Distance in

village village Km
1 Weekly Hatta No Padmapur 5km
2 Regulated Market No Padmapur Gram 5km
Panchayat
3 Daily need/Kirana Yes Khilapadar 400-500 m
4 Veg & Fruit stall No Padmapur market 5km
5 Fair price (Ration) Yes Khilapadar 400-500 m

72
 Livestock Population (As per the Gram Panchayat Records)

Class Type of livestock Number

A Draft animal (Bullocks) 70
He buffaloes 0
Total 70
B Milch animals (Desi breed cows) 120
Crossbred cows -
Buffaloes -
Total 120
Calves (below 3 years) 30
Local breed cows -
Crossbred cows -
Buffaloes -
D Goats/Sheep -
Poultry 400
Veterinary Aid available for Livestock
SI. No. Particular Available in village/town

Village At nearby Distance (in Km)

1. Veterinary Dispensary 0 1 5

2. Artificial Insemination 0 0 -
Centre
3. Dairy Cooperative Society 0 1 5

4. Any Other - - -

Land utilization pattern

SI. No. Particular Area (in ha)
1 Total geographical area 635 ha
2 Forest area 263 ha
3 Grazing and pasture land -

73
 4 Land put to non-agricultural use 132 ha
5 Total cultivable area 252 ha
6 Area under rainfed agriculture 194 ha
7 Area under irrigation 58 ha
8 Net sown area 238 ha
9 Area sown more than once 238 ha

Source of irrigation

SOURCE NUMBER
Canal 1
Tube wells 24
Tanks 2
Bore well 3
Other -
Total 27

Availability of agricultural labourers

SI. No. Type of Labor Adequate/Inadequate Wages paid (Rs/day)

1 Male 230 350
2 Female 170 230
3 Bullock pairs 12 _

Other village institutions

Institute If present
Gram Panchayat Yes
Mandi Yes
Cooperative Society Yes
Kisan Club No
Youth Club Yes
Mahila Club No
Bhajan Mandali Yes

74
 Transportation means available in the village

Sl. No. | Type Number

1 | Cycles 70
2 | Cartload 2
3 | Motor Cycles 69
4 | Car/Jeeps 2

Total number of houses in (%):

a. Electrified – 100%
b. Pucca- - 85%
c. Kachha - 15%

Recreational facilities inside village

Items Quantity
1. Television (B/W) 0
2. Television (Colour) 90
3. Radio 40
4. Cinema -
5. Nachha Party 1
6. Bhajan Mandali 1

MARKET SURVEY

1. Name of market - Padampur

2. Address of the Market – Padampur , Rayagada

3. Responsible Agencies- Panchayat level, Tender by Mr. Mahesh Nayak ,Cloth

Union-Mahalaxmi Bebasahi Sangha

4. Frequency of operation- Regularly operated based on daily need, Weekly haat on

Friday

5. Catchment Area –

75
a. Names of the villages or urban areas served (i.e consumer sales): Khilapadar,
Raelpadar, Lauguda, Mochiki padar , Jatili , Bahupadar , Perapang ,
Kenduguda,Khilamunda etc.

b. Names of the villages or areas sending produce to the market: Gunupur, Ramnaguda,
Brahmapur, Andra Pradesh, Rayagada, Local Village- Khilapadar , Redinguda,
Dalimbapur etc.

6. Physical facilities

a. Market area (in square metres) and a map, or at least a simple sketch layout of the
market- 2000m

b. Details of buildings (i.e offices, market sheds, latrines, storage)- RMC for rice, Tashil
Office, BEO Office, BAO Office etc.

c. Other facilities (the provision of drinking water, paved market yard, animal loading
platforms, electricity, telephone, etc.)- Electricity is available, Paved market yard is
available for the weekly haats and daily selling of vegetable. Drinking water is
available like tubewell . No public telephone is available.

7. Market fees and other charges-

(Mechanism for the collection of market fees and other charges)

Fee Who pays? On what How How is it Who collects

basis? much? collected? it?
Market Fee Road Side Daily Basis Rs.10 Per day it is Mahesh sir
Vendors collected had
appointed a
person.

8. Price Variation

a. Seasonal Price Variation:

SEASON Main Vegetable Fruit Rice Livestock Potato

Rabi 40/- 150-200/- 20-120/- Depend on Depend on
availability availability
Kharif 50/- 200-240/- 20-120/- 200/- 25/-

76
Summer 30-45/- 150-250/- 20-120/- Depend on Depend on
availability the
availability

b. Price variations between neighbouring markets:

PRICE per Unit

Distance in Km. Vegetable Fruit Livestock
Base Padampur Cauliflower- Banana -Rs.60/- Chicken-
Market Rs.70/- Desi type and 200/-
Cabbage- Kabuli type-
Rs.50/- Rs.80/-
Pointed Apple-Rs.160/-
Gourd-Rs. 40/- Grapes-Rs.200/-
Brinjal-Rs.40/- Promegranate-
Okra-Rs.45/- Rs.180-240/-
Tomato- Local Fruits-
Rs.30/- Guava-Rs.40/-
Custard Apple-
Rs.50/-
Pineapple-Rs.10
per piece
Market Khilapadar Brinjal-Rs.45/- Not available Desi
A (4Km) Cauliflower- chicken-
Rs.80/- Rs.450/-
Okra-Rs.50/- Chicken-
Tomato- Rs.220/-
Rs.40/-

5. Existing problems-
• Lack of storage facilities
• Low maintenance
• Unhygienic Condition (Waste vegetables & fruits are not properly managed)

77
 ANNEXURE-9: FARM MECHINARY INTERVENTION
1. Name of farmer: Mr. Giri Prakash Sabar
2. Address: Khilapadar
3. Contact details: 9078795957
4. Area of land holding: 6 ac
5. Crop Detail:
Cropping Season Crop R-R Spacing P-P spacing
Kharif Rice Broadcasting Broadcasting
Kharif Rice 20cm 15-20cm
Kharif Cotton 80-90cm 30-4-cm
Rabi Brinjal 40-50cm 40-50cm
chilli 40-50cm 30cm

6. Power Source Details:

Human- Animal-Mechanical- Electrical Nos
No. of labors 300
No. of draught animals 7
Mechanical Power
Power source Tractor 7
Power Tiller 2
Power weeder 0
Power Sprayer 0
Thresher 2
Electric Power
Electric motor 3

7. Farm Machineries available:

Name of Machine Machine’s make Year of purchase/ price Present value

Mould board plough Mahindra 2015 - 15000/- 20000/-

Cultivator Mahindra 2017 – 20,000/- 22,000/-
Leveller Mahindra 2017 – 10,000/- 11,000/-
Sprayer Neptune 2019 – 7049/- 9011/-
Weeder Govt. 2020 – From Govt. -
Tractor John Deere 2022 – 8,00,000 8,00,000

78
 8. Facilities for repair of machinery like Tractor/Electric motor etc.
Type of Repairs in Village Facilities available at nearby Distance from the
machinery village village
Tractor No Yes 5km
Electric motor No Yes 5km
Oil engine No Yes 5km
Implements No Yes 5km

9. Wages rates prevalent in the village:

Wages Rate (Rs.) per day
Period Man Women Bullock pair Combine harvester
(Rs 300/day) (Rs 200/day) (Rs 500/pair) (Rs 2200/hr )
Khairf Season
a) Sowing time 8hr*2 labor 8hr*2 labor - -
b) Interculture 40hr*1 labor 40hr*1 labor - -
c) Harvesting - - 4hr
d) Threshing - - 3hr/pair -
Rabi Season
a) Sowing Time 8hr*2 labor 8hr*2 labor
b) Interculture 30hr*1 labor 40hr*2 labor - -
c) Harvesting -
d) Threshing -

10. Details of labor used for one important crop grown by the selected farmer:
• The rental value of tractor to cultivate 1 acre land is 1600 Rs. by MB plough and 800 Rs.
per acre by harrow. The rent value of bullock pair is 500 Rs. Per acre.
• Apart from farm machineries solar system as power source is available in field and also
above the water tanks placed by Government.
• This solar energy used mostly for electricity purpose. But in field condition the farmer
using it for pumping water also.

Human Machine Labor

Bullock Labor
Frequency Labor
Name of Operation
of use Hired Hired Owned Hired
Hrs. Val. Hrs. Val. Hrs. Val. Hrs. Val.
Ploughing 1 6 300/- 3 400/- 5 6500/
Puddling 1 6 300/- 2 2600/
Leveling (by JCB) 1 5 5000/-

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 Manuring 1 24 1800/-
Seed raising 1 4 300/-
Sowing/ Transplanting 1 8 600/-
Fertilizer application 2 4 600/-
Weeding 2 40 3000/-
(Combine harvester) 1 4 2200/-
Threshing and winnowing 1 20 300/-
11. Irrigation facilities available in the village:

Source of irrigation Number

Total Wells
a) Well in use a) 2
b) Not in use b) 5
Canal 1
Tube wells 24
Tank 1
Other Sources (specify) Borewells (3)

12. Conservation Practices Details:

Sl. No. Conservation practices Available/not available

1 Application of farm yard manure Available
2 Agro forestry Not available
3 Crop rotation Not available
4 Summer ploughing Available
5 Intercropping Available
6 Farm pond/any other water harvesting Available
7 Cultivation across slope Not available
8 Earthen bund Available
9 Stone bund Not Available

ANNEXURE-10 INDIGENOUS TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE (ITK)

For Nutrient Management

• In the night time after grazing of the goats, they used to frighten the goats at the night in frequent
interval so that they get stimulated to frightening and shed their waste material (poop and urine)
at the same time, which were collected by the farmer and used in the field for the supplementary
fertilizer which was showing them a better result.

80
For Field Pest

• For better fruiting and less infestation of pest in rice, farmer used to collect the cow urine and left
out starchy substance of rice(Peja) while cooking and kept it for 24 hours and sprayed in the
fields.
• To eradicate chitta poka (Spodoptera) in rice field, twigs of neem are boiled in water. The stock
water extracted is then mixed with ashes of burnt wood and sprayed on rice field.
• Branches of salpa tree is placed at a distance of 2-3 meter adjacent the boundary of the field to
eradicate chitta poka (Spodoptera).
For Stored Grain Pest

• To eradicate store grain pests [Pulse beetle], dried bark of moringa and ashes of burnt wood are
mixed with Arhar (Kandula), green gram, black gram, etc.
• To eradicate store grain pest - rice weevil, twigs and leaves of neem, dried chili and turmeric
powder are mixed with rice.
For Grain Storage

• Underground storage of paddy grains is practiced by making a dug hole of 5 ft. and alongside
boundary boda is placed while the floor is occupied by paddy straw, then the heap is covered by
paddy straw again that is sealed and plastered by mixture of cow dung and mud [i.e., known as
khani]
• Phulka storage structure for rice.

81
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is with the sense of great pleasure I, Ashutosh Biswal, a student of 4th year B.sc (Hons.) Ag, School
of Agriculture, GIETU, Gunupur, am presenting this report of KUS (KRUSHI UNNAT SAHAYOGI)
PROGRAMME 2022-23. I feel honored to offer my sincere gratitude to all those people who helped
me in completing my KUS programme. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our Dean Prof.
Dr. Santosh Kumar Panda, School of Agriculture, GIETU, Gunupur, Prof. Dr. M.R. Mohapatra
(Dept. of Extension Education) ,Prof. Dr. Sudhanshu Mishra (Dept. of Agronomy) ,Prof. Dr. S.K.
Beura (Dept. of Pathology) ,Prof. Dr. Sudhakar Tripathy (Dept. of Agri.Economics) and Prof. Dr.
K.B. Mohapatra (Dept. of pathology) ,my RAWE Co-Ordinator, Ms. Mita Meher, Dr. Anmol Kumar
Panda, Ms. Debasmita Nayak and respected professors for their constant guidance and education
throughout the year which helped us to a greater extent to combat various odds in the field, on- field
works and various schemes related to farming processes.
I am also paying a deep sense of gratitude to Sri. Udit Kumar Ray (Ex-CDAO, Bhadrak), Sri. Tarun
Kumar Chhotaray (CDAO in Charge-Cum-ADO), Sri Sridhar Das (ADA, O/o CDAO,Bhadrak), Sri.
Ashok Kumar Kar (ADO, Bhadrak) Sri. Raghunath Pati (BAO, Basudevpur), Mr. Madan Kumar
Panda (BTM), Mr. Ratikanta Naik (VAW), Sri. Srinibash Panigrahi (Krushak Sathi) and Other
Block Agriculture staffs for their support during RAWE activities in Basudevpur Block of Bhadrak
district. I am also thankful to my KUS partners Miss. Priyanka Nayak, College of Agriculture, OUAT,
Bhubaneswar and Mr.Akash Sahoo, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar for their help and
support in my KUS activities and special task.
Lastly, I thank the Almighty, my Parents and friends for their constant encouragement & cooperation
during the period of KUS Programme.

School of Agriculture ASHUTOSH BISWAL

GIET UNIVERSITY, GUNUPUR 19BAg023
 KUS (KRUSHI UNNAT SAHAYOGI) PROGRAMME
INTRODUCTION
Odisha state has 64.09 lakh ha of cultivable area. Agriculture contributes 26% in state GDP. 65% of
work force depends on agriculture for their employment. So importance of agriculture in Odisha is most
valuable than other sectors, but still agriculture in the state is lacking behind. To improve the present
situation and make farmers aware about the new technologies Krushi Unnat Sahjogi program was
started.
The Directorate of Agriculture & Food Production, Govt. of Odisha took a new initiative to involve the
final year Agriculture UG students in their Krushi Unnat
Sahajogi Programme for implementation of its schemes &
programmes at grass root level by creating awareness
campaigns, conducting training and demonstration
programmes, registering the farmers in different schemes and
programs as well as collecting feedback information etc. A
group of 2 students were assigned under the supervision of
BAO and AAO at block level. Each student was provided with
a stipend of Rs. 12,500/- at last of the programme.
Under this programme eighteen important schemes/ modules
were selected for the students to work with an online system.
For recording student attendance and submission of reports on
daily basis was provided to the students in an app named Krushi
Unnat Sahayogi app. The functioning of various modules/
schemes was monitored by AAO & BTM of respective blocks.
The students also had various forms to fill up on different topics
like fertilizer availability, pesticide availability, safe use of
pesticide, markets, farmer data collection, and scheme
achievement etc. student also had to various meeting which
were taking place in the block level as well as district level. For
better interaction with students one whatsapp groups were also
created for the success of the programme.
THE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATE (KRUSHI UNNAT SAHAYOGI) PROG.
(KUS-2021)
The Directorate of Agriculture & Food Production, Govt. of Odisha took a new initiative to involve the
final year Agriculture/Horticulture undergraduate students in their RAWE programme for
implementation of its flagship schemes & programmes at grass root level by creating awareness
campaigns, pest surveillance, conducting training and demonstrations, registering the farmers in
different schemes and programmes as well as collecting feedback information etc.
The objectives of Krushi Unnat Sahayogi Programme was –
For the department:
• To improving the awareness and adoption of key schemes

82
 • To assess the performance of department initiatives
• To identify the gaps in implementation of ongoing programmes
For the students:
• To gain practical knowledge of agricultural practices
• To get opportunity to pursue field study in their areas of interest
• To get exposed to different government schemes and programmes
The major area of activities for the Agriculture Development Associates at Block level includes-
• Scheme Adoption
• Field Assessment
• Impact Assessment
• Farmer Surveys
• Training Sessions

A group of 3-4 students will work under the supervision of one Block
Agriculture Officer at the Block level. The students will be deputed to
work as Agril. Development Associates for a period of 2 months. Each
student will be provided with a stipend of Rs.6500/- per month based on
his/her attendance above 80% and performance level. There is also
provision of Rs.1500/- cash award for 4% best performing students. An
online system for recording student attendance and submission of reports
and returns on daily basis along with online filling up and uploading
farmers’ information through different formats was initiated through an
App developed by the ADAPT (Analytics and Decision Support for Agril.
Policy Transformation) team of the Directorate. This App can be
downloaded by the students in their Smart Phones and used for the
purpose at field level. The Scheme officers, Chief District Agriculture
Officers, Deans and Associate Deans of Argil. Universities and the
Coordinators from the ADAPT team under the headship of Joint Director
of Agriculture (PP) will monitor the student activities and provide real
time support regularly through 3 different WhatsApp groups.
Inauguration of the programme:
The official inaugural ceremony of Krushi Unnat Sahayogi Programme was organized by the
Directorate of Agril. & F.P., Govt. of Odisha, Bhubaneswar through virtual platform (Google meet) on
05.11.2020. Hon’ble Cabinet minister of Agril., Fisheries & AH, higher Education, Odisha Sj. Arun
Kumar Sahoo addressed 657 final year Agril. & Horticulture students of 5 Agril. Universities of the state
and inspired them to put their effort in the overall development of agriculture & allied sectors as student
associates during 2 months of internship programme as a part of their RAWE activity. Other Govt.
officials, Vice chancellors, Deans/Directors etc. addressed the students on this occasion.
Orientation training programme for the Agriculture Development Associates:

83
 One day online Orientation training programme was conducted by the officers of the Directorate of
Agriculture& F.P. on 06.11.2020 from 10.30 am to 4.00 pm to appraise the students about different
modules/schemes and the expectations from the students. They were informed about the stipends,
system of online submission of attendance, use of the App (Software), monitoring and evaluation
procedure, weekly announcement of best performers, attendance statement and weekly Activity
Schedule etc. The details of the programme is as follows.
Time Topic Resource Person
11.30 to 11.45 Implementation of KUS Smt. Nandini Dalai, ADA(PP)
activities
11.45 to 12.00 Operation of KUS App Sri. Navesh Ku. Pattanaik, ADAPT
12.00 to 12.15 CDP, IFS Sri Arjun Bisoi, Additional Director
Agriculture (Extension)
12.15 to 12.30 BALARAM, Crop Insurance Dr. Rajesh Dash, DDA
(Co-ordination)
12.30 to 12.45 MKUY MD, APICOL
Departmental Portal, Sri. Bishnu Ch. Mishra,
12.45 to 13.00 GO-SUGAM etc. OIC E-gov Cell
E-Pest Surveillance app, DBT Sri A.K Behera, Technical Director, NIC
13.00 to 13.15 Need Based input and seed DBT
14.15 to14.30 Ama Krushi Sri. Purna Ch. Shaw ADA (Training)
14.30 to 14.45 Farm Pond Plus and watershed Sri Santosh Ku. Khatua,
etc. Joint Director Soil Conservation and
Watershed Mission
14.45 to 15.00 Agripreneurship, FPO (Role of Dr Pradosh Ku Panda, JDH
FPO/CBO in Horticulture
scheme)
15.00 to 15.15 Soil Health card, Fertilizer Sri Bhubaneswar Jena, DDA (Fertilizer)
Management
15.15 to 15.30 Farm Mechanization, DBT Sri Sanjiv Ku Tripathy, AEE
15.30 to 15.45 Procedure for input dealer Sri Sridhar Das, JDA (F&S)
survey
15.45 to 16.00 Food Processing Unit, PMKSY, Dr. Pradosh Ku Panda, JDH
Market Linkage

DAILY ACTIVITIES OF KUS

MONDAY
What to do? Schemes /Activities Farmers Survey
Interactions with the Farm Pond +, Watershed, @ 20 to get feedback on Awareness
GP level Extension staff in the GP MKUY, BALARAM, Micro & benefits
sitting Irrigation, Agri entrepreneur,
IFS /Ama Krushi Helpline/
Departmental Govt

84
 portal /GO SUGAM etc.

TUESDAY
What to do? Schemes /Activities Farmers Survey
e-Pest Surveillance-2ha Soil health card /DBT @ 20 to get feedback on
through e Pest App system/input Awareness & benefits
availability/dealer
availability/
bio-pesticides use /Farm-
Mechanization/Crop
insurance etc.
WEDNESDAY
What to do? Schemes /Activities Farmers Survey
Visit input dealers Awareness on /DBT / use of @ 5 input Dealers per day
1FPO,2SHGs and 2PACS/LAMPS for computer /POS machine/
interaction. Validity of license/
Qualification/Price list
display.
THRUSDAY
What to do? Schemes /Activities Farmers Survey
e-Pest Surveillance @ 2 ha Horticulture activities @ 20 to get feedback on
through e Pest App PMKSY/Food Processing Awareness & benefits
unit /Orchard / Fruit and
vegetable nursery/Crop
diversification/Market
linkage
FRIDAY
What to do? Schemes /Activities Farmers Survey
Report to Block level Learn on all the operational Discuss some problems of
Agriculture / Horticulture guideline on ongoing farmers submit the success
/Soil conservation officers schemes and Apps for stories/feedback.
making awareness among
farmers during farmer
survey.

SALIENT FEATURES OF THE SCHEMES /MODULES

Scheme/Module -1 (Pest Surveillance/E-Pest Surveillance)
Pest surveillance through E-pest app aims at providing knowledge about invasion of pest, estimates crop
losses at different crop stages, influence of weather on pest, study changing pest status. It includes fixed
plot survey, quantitative and qualitative survey and survey by use of traps. Its benefits include providing

85
the best pest advisory information, reduction of unnecessary use of pesticides and use of right pesticide
at right time and in right volume.
Scheme/Module -2 (Availability of Fertilizers)
Agriculture relies to a great extent on NPK fertilizers. Nitrogen helps in leaf growth, whereas Potassium
aids sturdy stem growth, water movement and promotion of fruiting and flowering. Phosphorous helps
in structural strength, crop quality and seed production among other benefits. Fertilizer availability
scheme aims to ensure sufficient availability of the fertilizers to the farmers prior to the cropping season.
Under this scheme the amount of fertilizer indent and sale to the farmers is all carried out through
mFMS portal, where the details of the fertilizer required by the farmers and the amount of fertilizer sold
to the farmers by the retailers are updated. The entire movement, from manufacturers to wholesalers/
dealers are tracked by mFMS fertilizer movement to dealer’s portal and sale by retailers is captured
trough the PoS machine. The scheme ensures compulsory usage of PoS machine by the retailers while
selling fertilizers to the farmers. The subsidy goes to the farmers’ account through Direct Benefit
Transfer (DBT). Timely updation of data in the mFMS portal by the dealers or wholesalers should be
done. Purchase should be carried out with proper aadhar authentication by the farmers through the
biometric scanning in PoS machine.
Scheme/Module -3 (Availability of Seeds)
Production of a particular class of seed from specific class of seed up to certified seed stage which are
then subsidized by DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer) and distribution of the seeds online to the farmers
through PACs and Dealers. The main objective is to maintain and make available to the farmers high
quality seeds and propagating material of superior varieties.
Scheme/Module -4 (Availability of Pesticides)
Pesticides are the most integral part of Odisha’s agriculture as it is one of the Pest- affected states.
Therefore, there is a need to survey the farmers on the availability of pesticides with them and on the
varieties they desire.
Scheme/Module -5(Decision Support System &Agri-Extension App.)
Improving the accessibility of schemes such that its benefits reach the right beneficiary at the right time
leading to achievement of departmental outcomes. Selection of right beneficiary, improving
accessibility, ensuring timeliness, tracking outcomes.
Online self-reported data: Target setting & scheme progress reporting on ADAPT DSS. Beneficiary
nos. reported at an aggregate level on ADAPT DSS.
Real time farmer level data: Capturing geotagged achievements in real time. Farmer verification is
done at transactions level. It is a computerized program used to support determinations, judgements,
course of action in an organization. A DSS shifts through & analyses massive amounts of data,
compiling comprehensive information that can be used to solve the problem & in decision makings.

86
 Scheme/Module -6 (BALARAM)
Government of Odisha in collaboration with NABARD has evolved an alternative mechanism for
purveying credit particularly crop loan /Kisan credit card through formal credit institutions in Odisha to
Lessee Cultivators/ sharecroppers. The mechanism envisages forming Joint Liability Groups (JLGs) as a
strategic intervention and accessing bank credit thereby reducing the dependence of these groups of
farmers on informal sources of credit. Accordingly, the scheme "BALARAM" (Bhoomihina
Agriculturist Loan and Resources Augmentation Model) has been formulated.
Scheme/Module -7 (Dakshyata)
Parameters: The program aims to build a robust performance management system for identification &
recognition of top performing employees. Focus on dept’s key priorities. Transparency in annual
appraisal process. Incentives to the good performers on a regular basis. All Group-B & Group-c officials
engaged in field works will be considered under this initiative for the 1 st year of implementation.
Dakshyata is currently implemented across Agriculture & Horticulture Directorates
Performance measuring components: Scheme implementation, 5T implementation, State priority
areas, Risk management. Data for the score card are aided by Decision support system & the Agri
Extension app.
Scheme/Module -8 (Farm Pond)
Concept of farm pond was introduced to supplement water scarcity during critical junctures and
particularly to provide lifesaving irrigation during kharif. Its benefits include drought proofing increase
in cropping intensity, integrated farming system to multiply farm profits, ground water recharge, etc.
Implemented by Department of Agriculture and Farmers Empowerment under 5T framework with an
objective to construct 5 lakh farm ponds for 5 lakh willing farm families.
The scheme is implemented to meet various diversified objectives-

1.To provide lifesaving irrigation during rabi season.

2.Add value to farming activities by giving opportunity to rear fish and other aquatic organisms.
3.To popularize integrated farming system.
4.To reduce risk in agriculture.
5.For conservation of soil and moisture.
6.To ensure income generation and employment creation for unskilled Laboure’s as per mandate
of MGNREGA, WSHG.
Three types of ponds can be constructed under farm pond scheme-
10m×10m×3m and total cost is Rs 55,200.
15m×15m×3m and total cost is Rs 126,600.
20m×20m×3m and total cost is Rs 163,000

Scheme/Module -9 (Irrigation)
Irrigation to cultivable land is a major role of water resource department. By 31st October, the project
authorities decide the quantum of water to be supplied for rabi irrigation by accessing its availability in
reservoirs. Participatory Irrigation Management and Pani Panchayat play major role in equal distribution
of water to farm lands. A storage capacity of 17.34 BCM has so far been developed through completed
major, medium and minor projects.
Scheme/Module -10 (BTT Meeting)
BTT Meeting is a forum at the block-level and aims at the convergence of all the directorates concerned
with Agriculture in order to report and resolve issues from the field. These meetings happen twice every
month – on first and third Saturdays. The overall agenda is set at the State Level and a form is created
for recording the responses from each block. The form consists of questions regarding input availability,
pest attacks etc.

SALIENT FEATURES OF OTHER CENTRAL & STATE GOVT. SPONSORED

SCHEMES/ PROGRAMME
(MKUY, KALIA, PMFBY, PMKSY, SOURA JALANIDHI, FARM
MECHANIZATION, SOIL HEALTH CARD ETC.)
MKUY (Mukhyamantri Krushi Udyog Yojana)
It was established on 01-03-1996 as envisaged in State Agriculture Policy 1996. It started functioning
since 01-06-1996 with the sole objective of promoting agro-based industries/ food processing industries
including commercial agriculture/ horticulture/ animal husbandry/fisheries, in broad terms to promote
investment in Agriculture and allied sectors. The Agricultural Promotion and Investment Corporation of
Odisha Limited (APICOL), a Government of Odisha undertaking, coming up as a promotional
organization for providing assistance to agricultural enterprises in the state of Odisha.
KALIA (Krushak Assistance for Livelihood and Income Augmentation)
The scheme aims to lend farmers with an all inclusive and flexible support system ensuring accelerated
agricultural prosperity. It will empower farmers with finance options that will ensure the growth and
development of agriculture.
PMFBY (Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana)
This is a crop insurance scheme designed by central government to indemnify farmers against the loss of
crop measured by crop yield due to natural calamities and other unforeseen situations. This scheme aims
at providing financial support to farmers suffering crop loss/damage. Stabilizing the income of farmers
to ensure their continuance in farming. This scheme encourages the farmers to adopt innovative and
modern agricultural practices. There are 8 crops covered under this scheme, which include- paddy,
groundnut, maize, arhar, ragi, cotton, ginger and turmeric.

PMKSY (Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana)

This scheme of micro irrigation is implemented in the state as a centrally sponsored scheme under the
component ‘per drop more crop’ since 2015-16. The major objectives of this scheme is to increase
productivity of crops and income of farmers through precision water management, promote micro-

88
irrigation technologies in water intensive/ consuming crops like sugarcane, banana, cotton etc. and give
adequate focus to extend coverage of field crops under micro-irrigation technologies, make potential use
of micro-irrigation system for fertigation, link tube-well/ river lift irrigation projects with micro
irrigation technologies for best use of energy both for lifting and pressurized irrigation as far as possible.
The total financial assistance available to the beneficiary under this scheme for small and marginal
farmers is 90% and for others is 80%.
Soura Jalanidhi
This scheme was introduced so that exploitation of ground water to increase irrigation potential by dug
well can be done even in areas without electricity. 5kwh/m2/day of solar radiation is received by the
state which is helpful to harness solar energy.
Farm Mechanization
It was introduced by State Agriculture Policy to make agriculture more viable, lucrative and attractive
for young generation to farming.
This scheme will help in:
1. Timeliness of farm operations
2. Saving labour requirement
3. Reduction in human drudgery
4. Increase in land productivity.
BGREI (Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India)
This programme is implemented by Government to address the constraints limiting the productivity of
“Rice-Based Cropping Systems” in Eastern India. The scheme stresses upon the line transplanting of
paddy, green manuring of Dhaincha in Bhadrak District.
Soil Health Card
This scheme is one of the most important interventions under National Mission for sustainable
Agriculture. It aims at promoting integrated nutrient management through judicious use of chemical
fertilizers in conjunction with organic manures and bio-fertilizers for improving soil health and its
productivity and strengthening soil and fertilizer testing facilities to provide soil test-based
recommendations to farmers for improving soil fertility. This aims to issue SHC to all farmers in every
2/5 years to enable them to address nutrient deficiency.
ROLE OF AGRIL. DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATES IN THE ABOVE SCHEMES/ PROG. /
MODULES
The agriculture development associates programme is aimed at strengthening the extension ecosystem
during the agricultural season. It aims to leverage the final year undergraduate students in improving the
extension activities in the focus blocks of the state so as to reduce the information asymmetry and bridge
the gap between lab and land. Besides improving the adoption of key schemes, the student associates are

89
involved in conducting input availability field assessments and ensuring the timely availability of inputs
to the farmers with the support of the district and block officials.
Activities Done Under Different Schemes/ Modules In The Assigned Block/ GP/ Village(S) Etc.
1. Seed Availability Assessment
2. Availability of Pesticides
3. Availability of Fertilizers
4. Pest Surveillance
5. BALRAM Survey
6. Farm Pond & Irrigation Survey
7. MKUY Survey
8. BTT Meetings & Other Block Level Meetings
9. Visit to Apiary
10. Visit to PACS & SHGS
11. Visit to Mushroom Unit
12. Visit to Bio Floc Fish Farming
13. Visit to IFS
14. Farm Mechanization
15. Visit to Block Level Nursery
16. Visit to Rice Mill & Seed Processing Units
17. Visit to Krishi Vigyan Kendra and RRTTS, Ranital, Bhadrak
18. Training Programme in CDAO Office, Bhadrak
19. Specific Task of Farmers’ Survey on BPH Infestation Assigned to By CDAO, Bhadrak

90
 ABOUT THE KUS APP AND ITS USE BY THE STUDENT ASSOCIATES
KRUSHI UNNAT SAHYOGI APPLICATION has been developed by the Department of Agriculture &
Farmers’ Empowerment for recording the attendance, farmer profile details and responses of the field
assessments of each student associate throughout the duration of the program. In addition to the
responses filled in by the associates, a feedback form will be circulated to the block officers to review
the attendance and the performance of the students.

I joined KUS programme under Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) under Student Rural
Entrepreneurship Awareness Development Yojana in the Chief District Agriculture Office, Bhadrak on
5th September, 2022.
Then I submitted my joining report to both BAO, Sj. Kartika Chandra Mallick & AAO, Mrs.
Shantilata Behera in the Block Agriculture Office of my allotted Block Basudevpur. On my joining,
Guagadia Gram Panchayat was allotted to me.

NAME OF THE FACILITATORS

Ex-CDAO- Sj. Udit Ku. Ray AAO- Mrs. Shantilata Behera
CDAO- Sj. Tarun Ku. Chhotaray AO- Mr. Manmohan Giri
ADA O/o CDAO- Sj. Sridhar Das BTM- Mr. Madan Ku. Panda
DAO- Sj. Ashok Ku. Kar VAW-Mr. Ratikanta Naik
BAO- Sj. Raghunath Pati KRUSHAK SATHI-Sj. Srinibas Panigrahi
91
 DISTRICT AT A GLANCE
DISTRICT-BHADRAK

Agro Ecological Situation (AES)

Agro climatic zone Agro-Ecological Name of the Blocks Covered

(North Eastern Coastal Plain) Situation

Coastal Alluvial Command Bhadrak, Basudevpur, Dhamnagar ,

Tihidi
Costal Alluvial Saline Bhandaripokhari, Dhamnagar,
Basudevpur, Tihidi, Chandabali
Water Logged Area Basudevpur, Chandabali, Dhamnagar,
Tihidi
North Eastern Costal Plain Flood ProneArea Bhandaripokhari, Basudevpur,
Chandabali, Dhamnagar, Tihidi
Sandy Area Bhadrak, Bhandaripokhari, Basudevpur,Bonth,
Chandabali, Dhamnagar , Tihidi
Acidic Area Bhadrak, Bhandaripokhari, Basudevpur,Bonth,
Chandabali, Dhamnagar, Tihidi
Laterite Soil Prone Command Bonth
Forest Area Bhadrak, Bonth, Chandabali, Tihidi

92
 District Profile

Sl.No.
Parameters Area (ha)
1 Geographical Area 270164
2 Cultivable Area 174063
3 No of DAO Circles 2
4 No of AAO Circles 14
5 No. of VAW Circles 119
6 No. of Blocks 7
7 No. of G.P.s 218
8 N.A.C.s 2
9 Municipality 2
10 No of Villages 1370

Demography (Population in lakhs)

Male Female Total
Category
SC 145775 140968 286723
ST 12839 12302 25141
OBC 7832 7310 15142
Other caste 517048 504837 1021885

Farmers’ Profile

Sl. Category Numbers % Area under % of area

No. cultivation
(ha)
1. Marginal farmers 86120 58.5 39057 22.20
(<1ha)
2. Small farmers (1-2 ha) 3445 23.4 47950 27.4
3. Medium farmers (2-4 20850 14.3 55540 31.4
ha)
4. Large farmers (>4 ha) 5680 3.8 33452 19.2

93
 Land Utilization Pattern

Category Area (ha.) Category Area (ha.)

Water logged area 7125 Saline affected area 20200
Flood prone area 33128 Alluvial soil 145624

Sandy soil 19107 Lateritic soil 1000

Acidic soil 71368 Forest area 133
Miscellaneous 3092 Permanent pasture 11020
Cultivable waste 11363 Non-agril. Land -
Barren & uncultivable 899 Current fallow 6974
waste

Fallow 5000

Sources Of Irrigation

Name of the sources Area (ha.)

Surface Irrigation Points 48301
Hand/River Lift Centers 19653
Medium / Minor Irrigation Projects 20501
Lift Irrigation Points 21821
Shallow Tube Wells 9559
Creeks 12107
Others (if any) 11900

Irrigated Area

Season Area (ha.) % to Total Area

Kharif 113401 65

Rabi 37116 21

94
 Soil Type

Type of soil % of total area

Alluvial soil 56.9
Black cotton soil 0
Laterite soil 0.3
Red soil 0
Others (if any) 7.7

Information On Weather Parameters

Avg. Avg. Temperature (oC) Avg. RH(%)

Rainfall(mm) Minimum Maximum
1427.19 24 39 70-80

Major Crops and Cropping Systems

Name Crops Area (ha)

Paddy 15826
Cereals Wheat 120
HYV Maize 86
Green gram 10000
Black gram 6000
Pulses Gram 100
Field pea 100
Cow pea 200
Kulthi 100
Groundnut 1150
Oil seed Sesamum 520
Sunflower 360
Mustard 1970
Fiber crop Jute 180
Sugarcane 350
Sugar crop
Sweet potato 250
Potato 550
Vegetables Onion 340
Other vegetables 21610
Chilli 2760
Coriander 360

95
 Garlic 320
Spices Turmeric 110
Ginger 100
Betel vine 14
Other spices 250

Cropping Intensity
Net Area Sown Gross Cropped Area Cropping Intensity
174000 ha 217000 ha 124%

Cropping Pattern
Package of practices followed (Crops and ruling Var., Agril. machineries used, Fertilizer
application, Weed management practices, any other)

Name Crop Ruling Varieties

CEREALS Rice CR-1009, Swarna sub1, CR-1018, Mossuri,
Lunishree, Lalat, Samrat, Kalachampa,
Mahalaxmi.
Maize NMH-589, Subarna.
PULSES Green gram Sunamuga, Virat, Sikha, Green
Black gram Indira, T9
Field pea VNR21
OILSEEDS Mustard Minikit, RH0406, Tapaswini, M27, Parvati
Sunflower KBSH41, PU1
Ground nut Saunli, Karnataka, Amaravati, Padmapur
SUGARCROPS Sugarcane 997
Sweet potato Sri-Kirti, Hatikhoj, Orissa-Elite
VEGETABLES Brinjal JK8043, Aksita, Bluestag, Bachana, Chakra,
Tomato Arka-Apekhya,Arka-Rakhyak,Swarna-samvab,
Bitter gourd VNR-28, Bolder, Kisan, Nakhara-
Local, Samanta, Gadbeta, Kathi, BGH-106
Radish Pahuja,VNR,White-asikel
Pumpkin F1 Hybrid Bhima, F1 hybrid Command,
Guamala local

96
 Ladies KOKH-1107, Avantika-228, Avantika-Gold, Pusa-
Sabni
Finger
Cauliflower White-Marble, MeghaBarkha, Off Season
Varieties (DON-175, BSS-1, Aiswariya)
Cabbage Rare Ball, BC-76, Konark,Whiteshot, Glibemaster
Knol-Khol Taki, pahuja,Winner

Cucumber VNR-kumud, Seminis-Malini, Sukama(HY),

Rajkanya

Ridge gourd Sarputia, F1 hybrid Rama

Elephant Yam Gajendra

Pointed Gourd Swarna-alowkik

Kankada Arka-Nilachalasri

Jhudanga Lapha, Maharani, Utkala-Manika

Potato Jyoti, K-22

SPICES
SPICES Chilli Agni rohit, Utkala-Ava, Utkala-rashmi, Utkala-

Ragini

Dhania All green

Farm Mechanization (Agricultural Implements)

Sl. No Name Quantity Available Cost Of Implements

1 Tractor 1115 ₹6,50,000 with ₹90,000
subsidy
2 Power tiller 4876 ₹1,50,000 with ₹60,000
subsidy
3 Agro Service Centre 65

97
4 Paddy Thresher(Power 2255 ₹ 13,200 after subsidyof ₹
operated) 13,200
5 Diesel pump 8240 ₹ 15,000 after subsidyof ₹
1500 per hp
6 Agril. Implements 414
repairing shop
7 Combine Harvestor 224 ₹20,00,000 after
subsidy of ₹ 4,00,000
8 Transplanter 84
9 Rotavator 456 ₹ 55,000 after subsidyof ₹
25,000
10 Pumpset 1280 ₹ 14,000 after subsidyof ₹
1500 per hp

Fertilizer Consumption Pattern In The District

Chemical Fertilizers
Sl. No. Name Trade Name Quantity used(MT)
1 Nitrogen Urea 10506
2 Phosphorous SSP 6833
3 Potash MOP 33313
4 Composite fertilizer DAP, GROMOR 12800
5 Other fertilizers (if any) - 9100

Bio Fertilizers

Sl. No. Name Quantity Used

1 Azotobacter 1550 kg

2 Azospirillum 2467kg

3 PSB 2876kg

4 Mycorrhizae 2987kg

5 Others (if any) 5156kg

98
 Green Manures

Sl.No. Name Quantity Used

1 Dhanicha 2589 kg
2 Sun hemp 3234kg
3 Blue-green Algae 5643kg
4 Others (if any) 4553kg

Pesticide Use Pattern In The District

Bio Pesticide
Sl.No. Quantity used(MT)
Name
1 Neem 0.5
2 Fungal bio-pesticide 0.4
3 Bacterial bio-pesticide 0.5
4 Others (if any) 0.7
Chemical Pesticide

Sl.No. Category Trade Name Name Of Chemical Quantity

Used(Kg)

1 Insecticide Marathon,Admire,Victor Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 2638

USTAAD Cypermethrin 10EC 3720
Lorsban,Dursban Pro Chloropyriphos 20EC 2250
Fyfanon Malathion 50 EC 3560
Suruga Pymetrozine 50 % WG 2850
Centric Thiomethoxam 25 WG 2431
2 Fungicide Vitavax powder Carbendazim 7150
Dithane M-45 Mancozeb 2950
ECHO-720 Chlorothionil 2460
ONSET Tebuconazole 1570
Sixer,Zn mashal Carbendazim+Mancozeb 5460
3 Bactericide Vecto bac Bacillus thuringiensis 657
Vecto lex Bacillus sphaericus 865
Copter Copper oxychloride 512

99
4 Herbicide Miliquat Paraquat 24SL 3130
Stomp Pendimethalin 3970
Sathi Pretilachlor 2670
5 Rodenticid Phostoxin Aluminium Phosphide 942
e
6 Acaricide Comite Propergite 1160

Information on livestock & Animal Husbandry Resources

Sl. No. Name Breed Population (in’000)

1 Indigenous cows Red Sindhi, Local 397.8
Desi, Binjharpuri
2 Cross bred cows CB Holstein, CB 169.8
Jersey
3 Buffaloes Local 4.932
4 Sheep Local Breed 1.945
5 Goats Black Bengal 144.109
6 Pigs Local 3.137
7 Poultry Desi fowl, Banraj, 199.322
Kadaknath, Roster

Information On Fisheries Resources Area Under Fish Production

Sl. No. Category Production(MT)

1 Total Fish production 29444.80

2 Inland 20878.50
3 Marine 8566.30

100
 BLOCK AT A GLANCE

Name of the Block : Basudevpur

Latitude & Longitude : 21029’11’’ N & 86052’46’’ E
No. and Names of GPs : 36+1 (Municipality)

Adhua Balimunda Bramhanga Guagadia Kumarpur Padhuan

n n
Andola Barandua Chudamani Jagannathpur Laxmidaspu Rajaharopokha
r ri
Arandu Basudevpu Ertal Jagannathprasad Lunga Sanakrushnapu
a r r
Artuna Biddeipur Eram Kharidabinayakp Naikanidhi Sasubhuasuni
ur
Aruha Binovanag Gobindapu Karanjadia Narasinghpu Sudarsanpur
ar r r
Balime Biras Gopabandh Kismat Nuagan Sugo
d unagar Krushnapur

Block Profile

Sl. No. Parameters Area (ha)

1 Geographical Area 52,923
2 Cultivable Area 33235
3 Up land 1535
4 Medium land 15206
5 Low land 16494

101
6 Forest area 1072
7 Fallow land 3000
8 Grazing land 1282

Farmers’ Profile
Area under
Sl. No. Category Numbers % % of area
cultivation (ha)
1. Marginal Farmers 32254 71.29 19352.4 53.03
(<1ha)
2. Small Farmers 12102 26.75 14522 39.7
(1-2 Ha)
3. Medium Farmers 598 1.32 1255 3.4
(2-4 Ha)
4. Large Farmers 284 0.62 1363 3.7
(>4 Ha)
Land Utilization Pattern

Category (Area in ha) Category (Area in ha)

Water logged area 5010 Saline affected area 9100
Flood prone area 4200 Alluvial soil 21756
Sandy soil 5900 Lateritic soil 0
Acidic soil 13,614 Forest area 0
Miscellaneous 393 Permanent pasture -
Cultivable waste 2479 Non agril land -
Barren & uncultivable waste 18 Current fallow 196
Fallow

Sources Of Irrigation

Source Area (ha.)

SIP 15026
HLC 7500
MIPs 184
LIPs 1640
STWs 656
Creeks 1050
Others 964
Irrigated Area

Season Area (ha)

Kharif 18286
Rabi 2296

1020
 Soil Type
Type of soil % of total area
Alluvial soil 52.71
Black cotton soil 0
Laterite soil 0
Red soil 0
Others 47.29

Information on Weather parameters

Avg. Temperature (oC)

Avg. Rainfall(mm) Avg. RH (%)
Minimum maximum
1257 21 40 69.95

Major crops and cropping systems

Name Crops Area (ha)

Cereals Paddy 3200
Pulses Green gram, Black gram 1000
Oil seed Sunflower,Mustard ,Sesame 700
Commercial crops -
Vegetables Brinjal,Okra,Cowpea,Pointed 400
Gourd,Pumpkin,Cucumber,
BitterGourd,Elephantfoot Yam
Spices Turmeric 100
Others if any

Cropping intensity: 120%

Cropping Pattern: Package of practices followed (Crops and ruling Var., Agril. machineries used,
Fertilizer application, Weed management practices, any others)

Sl. No. Crop Ruling Varieties

1 Paddy Upland –Sahabhagi Dhan,Khandagiri
Medium Land–Naveen, MTU-1010, Lalat
Low Land-Pooja,Swarna Sub-1
2 Sugarcane Co-1, Co-2
3 Groundnut Devi, Smruti
4 Black gram OU-31, PU-35
5 Mustard Parbati, Anuradha
6 Green gram Birat, Sikha

103
 Farm Mechanisation (Agricultural Implements)

Sl. No Name Quantity Cost Of Implements

Available
1 Tractor 6 2-7 lakhs
2 Power tiller 40 1-15 lakhs
3 Rotavator 28 1-1.25 lakhs
4 Paddy reaper 2 1-4 lakhs
5 Transplanter 2 1-5 lakhs
6 Power thresher 250
7 Special power operated 16 1-2 lakhs
implement
8 Combine harvester 4 6-20 lakhs
9 Power driven implements 4 53,300
10 Pump set 107 7596-15,950
Fertilizer Use Pattern In The District
Chemical Fertilizer
Trade Name Quantity Used
Sl. No. Name
(MT)
1 Nitrogen IPL,PPL,IFFCO,Nagarjuna 2375
2 Phosphorous IPL, PPL 1553
3 Potash IPL 793
4 Composite Fertilizer IFFCO, IPL 4531
5 Other fertilizers if any
Bio fertiliser
Sl. No. Name Quantity Used
1 Azotobacter 180kg
2 Azospirillum 353kg
3 PSB 456kg
4 Mycorhizae 542kg
5 Others (if any)

Green Manure
Sl. No. Name Quantity Used
1 Dhanicha 8 qtl
2 Sunhemp -
3 Blue Green Algae 4qtl
4 Others (if any)

Pesticide use pattern in the Block (Quantity in MT)

Bio Pesticide
Sl. No. Name Quantity Used (MT)
1 Neem 0.8

104
2 Fungal bio-pesticide 0.3
3 Bacterial bio-pesticide NIL
4 Others (if any)

Chemical Pesticide
Sl.No Category Tradename Chemical

1 Insecticide Marathon,Admire,Victor Imidacloprid17.8SL 2638kg

2 USTAAD Cypermethrin10EC 3720kg

3 Lorsban,DursbanPro Chloropyrifos20EC 2250kg

4 Fyfanon Malathion50EC 3560kg

5 Centric Thiomethoxam25WG 2431kg

6 Phaser Endosulfan 1380kg

7 Fungicides Vitavaxpower Carbendazim 7150kg

8 DithaneM-45 Mancozeb 2950kg

9 ECHO-720 Chlorothalonil 2460kg

10 ONSET Tebuconazole 1570kg

11 Sixer,Znmashal Carbendazim+Mancozeb 5460kg

12 Bactericide Vectobac Bacillusthuringiensis 657kg

13 Vectolex Bacillussphaericus 865kg

14 Copter Copperoxychloride 512kg

15 Herbicide Nomineegold Butachlor 3870kg

16 Saathi Pretilachlor 2670kg

17 Stomp Pendimethalin 3970kg

18 Miliquat Paraquat24SL 3430kg

19 Rodenticide Phostoxin AluminiumPhosphide 942kg

20 Acaricide Comite Propergite 1160kg

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 Information on livestock & Animal Husbandry Resources

Sl. No. Name Breed Population (in’000)

1 Indigenous cows Red sindhi, 78323
sahiwal,gir,binjharpuri
2 Cross bred cows jersy 33568
3 Buffaloes murrah 999
4 Sheep - 0
5 Goats Black bengal 26829
6 Pigs - 123
7 Poultry banraj 56134
8 Ducks - 941
Information on Fisheries Resources
Area under fish production

Sl. No. Category Production (MT)

1 Total Fish production 1583
2 Inland 782.85
3 Marine 800.15

ABOUT THE KUS APP AND ITS USE BY THE STUDENT ASSOCIATE
Seed Availability Assessment
No. Of Village No. Of Farmers Activities Undertaken In Details (Training,
Covered Surveyed Demonstration, Awareness Campaign, No. Of
Dealers/Retailers Contacted, Agro-Advisory
Etc.)

Discussed about different seeds availability with

the farmers, local PACs dealers and wholesalers.
Benefits of the verities were educated.
4 20
Information was given to the farmers about the
seed indentation.
Some commonly stored seeds varieties in that
locality are like Swarna Sub-1, Hasanta,Deradun,
MTU-1001,1009 etc.
Availability Of Pesticides
No. Of Villages No. Of Farmers Activities Undertaken In Details
Covered Surveyed (Training, Demonstration, Awareness

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 Campaign, No. Of Dealers/Retailers
Contacted, Agro-Advisory Etc.)
Survey the field & identify the disease
&insect. Fill the form in E-pest app with
the photographs of the field & affected
5 25
plants. The form was submitted with the
proper fungicides & insecticides
recommendation
Availability Of Fertilizers
Activities Undertaken In Details (Training,
No. Of Villages No. Of Farmers Demonstration, Awareness Campaign, No. Of
Covered Surveyed Dealers/Retailers Contacted, Agro-Advisory
Etc.)

Interactions were made with the farmers about

the availability of fertilizer to them in right time
and at the correct subsidized prices.

4 30 We had also visited different fertilizer dealers,

retailers and advised them to upgrade their stock
details on portal every week.
The fertilizer dealers were visited and their POS
machines were checked whether they were up to
date or not.
Pest Surveillance/E-Pest Surveillance
Activities Undertaken In Details (Training,
No. Of Villages
No. Of Farmers Surveyed Demonstration, Awareness Campaign,
Covered
Advisory Etc.)
Survey the field & identify the disease &insect.
Fill the form in E-pest app with the photographs
6 10 of the field & affected plants. The form was
submitted with the proper fungicides &
insecticides recommendation
Dakshyata
Date & Time Of Activities Undertaken In Details (No. Of
Officials With Whom
Visit To The Survey On Dakshyata Forms Filled Up In KUS
Interacted
Offices App. Etc.)

107
 BAO Schemes awareness and trainings were undertake,
AAO their problems, suggestions were filled in KUS
02/08/2021
AHO application. Information regarding frequency of
ASCO use and comfortability were collected.

BALRAM

Date & Time Of Activities Undertaken In Details (Training,

Visit To The No. Of Krushak Sathi Awareness Campaign, Follow-Up, Reporting
G.P. Of Issues Relating To BALRAM Etc.)

08/09/2022 Interactions with 1 Krushak Sathi of GP-

14/09/2022 GUAGADIA, LUNGA were made and issues
20/09/2022 regarding BALARAM were reported. Major
2
06/10/2022 queries from Krushak Sathi were regarding trust
19/10/2022 issues among farmers and they wanted to form
21/10/2022 JLG and discussed about the bank problems.

Farm Pond & Irrigation

Activities Undertaken In Details (Farmer
No. Of Villages
No. Of Farmers Surveyed Interaction, Awareness, No. Of Forms Filled-
Covered
Up & Uploaded In KUS App. Etc.)
Interactions with 15 farmers of 5 villages under
Guagadia and Lunga Gram Panchayat were
made. Only 2 farmers among 15 farmers have
5 15 opted for Farm pond. Major issues being faced
were shortage of proper land for farm pond and
unavailability of labour for complete
construction.

Decision Support System and Agri-Extension App

Activities Undertaken In Details (Updating

No. Of Villages
No. Of Farmers Surveyed Farmer Level Information, Field Verification,
Covered
Creating Farmer Database, Training Etc.)

108
 Interactions with farmers about DSS & Agri-
extension App & how it can be helpful for them.
4 20
They can get all information by agricultural
officers and extension officers were also trained.

MKUY
Activities Undertaken In Details (Personal
No. Of Village No. Of Farmer Interactions
Contact, Group Discussion, Uploading Forms
Covered Made
On KUS App Etc.)
Interactions regarding MKUY were made in both
group discussions and personal contacts. Till now
no one of the interacted farmers and farm families
3 25
opted for MKUY .Major issues being faced were
shortage of land, poor financial conditions, lack of
awareness and unavailability of proper training.
BTT Meetings
Date Of
Activities Undertaken (Coordinating, Up-
Attending Imp. Issues Discussed
Loading Forms On KUS App Etc.)
Meeting
Issues regarding seed BBT Meetings were conducted all the agendas
09/09/2022 distribution, formation of were discussed in those BTT Meetings
23/09/2022 JLG of BALARAM, KO representatives of FS&CW, Water Resources,
07/10/2022 Updation, KALIA issues, e- Panchayati Raj, Block level Officers of
21/10/2022 KYC, Land records Horticulture, Fishery, Agricultural Engineering
Updations etc. were along with ATM, BTM, AAO, BAO were present.
discussed Farmer related issues were discussed.

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 KUS ALBUM

With BAO Sir of Basudevpur Block With AAO mam of Basudevpur Block

Updating Land Records and KO of farmers in village level with VAWs Sir

Attended GRLTP Programme organized

by Solidarity supported by NABARD
along with AHO mam, VSS sir, DDMO
NABARD sir on Goatery and Mushroom
production to SHGs.

110
 Visit to Mushroom Unit & Visit to Mushroom unit under OIIPCRA along
Know the use of chaff cutter with AHO mam, HEWs & DDMO NABARD

Field Visit To Do Weed Dentification Manual Spraying

Visit to Guagadia PACS Visit to KVK, Bhadrak

111
 Training Programme In KVK, Bhadrak on e-Pest Surveillance with Senior Scientist, CDAO sir
and KVK staffs.

Demonstration Plot In KVK(Rice)

Specimen Of Fish And Insect Azolla Unit

112
Seed Processing Unit Discussion With PP Scientists

Visit to IFS Model in KVK With AAO mam, BTT members, AO

ATM, BTM, VAWs at FIAC Basudevpur

Apple Ber Farm Unit With VAS Sir and BVS Sir at
Veterinary Hospital Basudevpur

113
Field Level Cluster Demonstration on Pulses Meeting in GP Office with VAWs,Sarapacha
Krushak Sathi about different Govt.
Schemes with farmers.

Visit to Apiary Unit Field visit to do e-Pest Surveillance

Visit To Farm In Which Grow Grapes And Intercrop With Guava & Dragon Fruit

114
Visit to Mo Seva Kendra with CDAO sir, Review Meeting in FIAC, Basudevpur
With AAO mam ADO sir, AAO mam, VAWs, ATM & BTM sir

Interaction with SHGs along with Krushak Shati Discussion about different
schemes with HEW mam

Discussion with Brinjal Farmer about pest attack Discussion with farmer
about BPH Infestation

115
Discussion about Air Layering BTM Meeting in FIAC, Basudevpur

Training Programme at CDAO Office Bhadrak Certificate Distribution

Bio floc Unit Mushroom Bed Preparation

116
 Betel Cultivation Mushroom Spawn Unit

E-PEST SURVILLANCE

Brown Spot Fruit & Shoot Borer in Brinjal and Okra

Sheath Blight

117
Leaf Folder Symptoms and larva YSB in rice (Adult)

Mealy Bug Symptoms Rice Blast in Rice

Rice Skipper and its Pupa

118
With Ex-CDAO, CDAO, DAO, ADA, BAOs and my KUS Mate at CDAO Office after giving
Special Task Report on BPH Infestation

Certificate of KUS

119
RAWE ALBUM

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 A SELF-DETERMINED PROGRESSIVE FARMER’S STORY
BIODATA OF THE FARMER

SECTOR RICE CROP, FISHERY, DAIRY UNIT,

GOTERY, HORTICULTIRAL CROP
(COCONUT, BANANA, GRAFTED MANGO,
ELEPHANT FOOT YAM etc.)
NAME SJ. NARAYAN CHANDRA PANDA
FATHER’S NAME LATE JUDISTHIRA PANDA
VILLAGE BARANDUA
GRAM PACHAYAT BARANDUA
BLOCK BASUDEVPUR
AGE 64+
EDUCATION B.A, B.ED.
CONTACT 9777218697
NUMBER
Self Interest Vs Interest of mankind what will you choose?
In our real-life story this fallow chose the later one leaving his lucrative Government job to
become a full-time farmer. He is none other than the two times winner of Kruti Krushak Sanmanna
and Odisha Citizen Award 2022 namely Sj. Narayan Chandra Panda is resident of village Barandua.
He has served a term as a District Governing Board member at ATMA, Basudevpur.
He has a family of 5 members, 3 sons and his wife. His wife lends him a helping hand in management
of fisheries, goatery and other farming activities. His sons are well established and settled civil
engineers.
After completion of his educational degree he was appointed as Divisional Officer, Kanjhari Dam,
Keonjhar under the wing of Irrigation Department. His 2 years of job experience in this field didn’t
bring him the self-satisfaction that he needed moreover he wanted to be independent an rather than
simply following the orders. This led to the event of leaving his job and transforming into a full-time
farmer for serving the society in the year 1993.

Family Members

121
 SUPPORT OBTAINED FROM CENTRE,STATE,PRIVATE ORGANIZATION:
In the year 1993, he initiated his journey with 1 farm pond for fishery with an Government aid
RS.10,000. To grow and excel in this new territory he was trained under Department of Fishery both at
Block as well as District level under the guidance of the then AFO Sj. Santosh Kumar Dalai . He was
also exposed to different fish farm at national level under the Department of Fishery from OUAT at
Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. He was deeply imparted knowledge by present AFO Sj. Manas Ranjan
Sahoo and was guided step by step along with weekly visits to his farm to lead him to become the
successful farmer which he is today. He has received successive subsidy of amount RS.30,000 for
fingerlings, fish feeds and pond nets which has made his progress so noticeable that now he has reached
a total of 13 (2 Ha water land) in number and become a role model farmer for the society.
4 Months Fingerlings Feeding To The Feed Yearling Pond

Fish Catching Activities

Narayan Chandra being a progressive farmer he cultivated paddy in an area of 3 acre in his early days
of 1993 along with the pond which has now reached to 11 acre. In his own words he gives the credit to
Agriculture department VAWs AAO and BAO and KVK scientist who always supported him in form of
guidance with modern techniques and technology. For his better interest he frequently attend Block and
District level training programmes and farmers’ meeting and other KVK programmes organised by
Department of Agriculture and Farmers’ Empowerment.

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To lessen his burden, his expenditure was subsidised through DBT under State Plan to purchase farming
items like pesticides, fertilisers, etc., He gives special credit to BAOs Sj. Laxmidhara Sahoo and
Sj.Kartika Mallick, Basudevpur for regular guidance and awareness program related Government
facilities and schemes.
After a strong foothold of 7 years in agricultural and fishery, he undertook two allied sectors namely
Dairy Unit and Goatery under the supervision of veterinary officer. In the year 2020, he bought in 5
jersey cows with loan from the bank and he had a few desi cows in his sleeve. This number has turned
in a total of 40 (20 desi breeds and 20 jersey cows), this increase is due to the increase in demand of
dairy products and their profitability and he does all the care and maintenance under the guidance of
veterinary doctors. He also has 20 goats which he trade and earns profit by this.
Dairy Unit of Jersey Breed Cows Desi Breed Cows

Poultry Unit of Desi Breed

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He also has invested himself in Horticulture sector under the State plan in which he received coconut,
jackfruit and grafted mango sapling. All these are fruiting and yielding him a good lot yearly. He is also
farming Elephant Foot yam in a 1 acre and banana plantation in 3-acre land which is also yielding.
Relating this field, he is being guided by Udhyan Sathi Sj. Manoranjan Mishra, ADH Sj. Jagadeshwar
Behera and AHO Ms. Sonali Sahu. As he is a first line farmer and his keen interest towards different
cultures, he was promoted by the Department of Horticulture under MIDH Scheme and got a pack house
of a subsidy of Rs 1,70,000 and vermicomposting unit of a subsidy of Rs 50,000 under the supervision
of ADH.

Biogas Plant Vermicompost Unit

His interest is shown by his regular visit to different meetings and awareness programs organised by
different Agricultural and Allied sectors as well as also attended the exploration visit to Uttar Pradesh to
see different grafted mango variety and hybrid vegetable cultures. He also has setup a biogas unit which
is used in manufacturing of dairy products like ghee, cheese, etc.
To mark his print as a developing farmer he uses CCTV Surveillance to watch over his field and also
power this using solar panel which shows his investing attitude towards modern technology.

CCTV Surveillance of His Farm Solar Panel

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 Pack House Through MIDH Goatery Unit

FARMING SYSTEM
To be a truly eco-friendly his farm runs on Integrated Farming System (IFS) as for understanding
purpose he grows paddy and its by-products is supplied to cows for fodder and feed and their dung is
used in turn in biogas plant, vermicomposting as well as feeding of fish, etc., In this way there is no to
zero emission from his farming model.

Cultivation Of Elephant Foot Yam Jack Fruit Plant

Banana Cultivation Papaya Cultivation

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 ACHIEVEMENTS
1.In 2016, he was awarded Kruti Krushak Samman from the Department of Horticulture.
2.In 2021, he was awarded Kruti Krushak Samman from the Department of Fishery.
3.In 2022, he was awarded Odisha Citizen Award by OTV on the basis of Agriculture Category.

INCOME
In the year 1993, he was invested Rs.10,000 and get a gross return of Rs.25,000 & net profit of
Rs.15,000. From his all enterprises in the year 2022, he has investing of Rs.15 lakhs yearly and gross
income of 22-23 lakhs annually. And a net profit of Rs.7-8 lakhs yearly from the farm.

Best Farmer Award Odisha Citizens Award 2022

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 HIS SUGGESTION TOWARDS THE YOUTH
His thoughts is reflected by a single saying that “Self Confidence is the Key to Success”. He says that
we shouldn’t only focus on working only for Government Services but rather we should focus on
chasing those dreams that we will really enjoy doing as we will start enjoying our work, there will
come a time when we will be really a successful and a happy soul just like he is today even in his sixties.
He urges everyone to do hard work along with new modern Technologies in Time and Team Spirit
with family members maintaining Transparency to really achieve something worthwhile.

Interaction with Farmer

TITLE OF THE TASK -BPH INCIDENCE IN KHARIF PADDY AWARENESS ON BPH
MANAGEMENT
SURVEYED BY: i) ASHUTOSH BISWAL, Adm. No- 1903010022
School of Agriculture, GIET University, Gunupur
ii) AKASH SAHOO, Adm. No- 191210031
College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar
BPH prone blocks of the districts - Bonth, Bhandaripokhari, Bhadrak
The specific task as assigned on ‘BPH INCIDENCE IN KHARIF PADDY AWARENESS ON BPH
MANAGEMENT’ has been surveyed with the help of KUS mates and has been depicted in prescribed
format mentioned here under:

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 EXPERIENCE GAINED FROM INVOLVEMENT IN THE PROGRAMME
RAWE Village attachment programme is a praiseworthy step taken by the Department of Agriculture &
Farmers’ Empowerment, Odisha. This programme helped me in gaining practical knowledge in
Agriculture. It Improved communication skill by interaction with the Agriculture officials & farmers
during the village activities, training programme, demonstration and other extension activities. Feedback
and interaction with the farmers and guidance and suggestions of our multidisciplinary team of
supervisors help us to redefine extension service necessary for all round development of the village. It
offers an opportunity to gain experience of rural area, rural people, their social structure, values,
livelihood and culture for making extension work successful. It includes team spirit, working in group,
cooperation between group members, time management and logical approach to problems. In this
9weeks of RAWE programmme it provided me with a lot of knowledge regarding the on- ground
situations, different Government schemes and modules, information regarding the farmers profile and
their knowledge about different new technology, schemes and the awareness campaigns undertaken and
many more. We visited rice fields, conducted pest surveillance, knew the management practices
followed by the farmers and also we advised farmers to use recommended dose of pesticides to reduce
pest and disease incidence. I visited the villages with VAWs & Krushak Sathi and interacted with the
farmers & input dealers about cultivation practices, availability of fertilizer, pesticides, seeds and
surveyed on Farm Pond, MKUY Schemes, PMKSY Scheme etc. in online KUS App. I also discussed
about different problems faced by the farmer. While surveying I came to know that, they want organic
pesticides, fertilizers more and prefer disease - pest resistant, early varieties of seeds, farmers’
exhibition, regular G.P. sitting, etc. Some farmers had no ideas about the schemes due to lack of
awareness. While surveying at village level we came across some progressive farmers in the village,
who were well aware of all the schemes and were very cooperative to teach us various ways they have
undertaken to attain a good productivity. I with my KUS partner have successfully conducted Farmers’
survey on BPH infestation as a special task assigned to us by CDAO Sir, Bhadrak. I visited apiary,
mushroom units, bio floc, IFS, Block level nursery, rice mill, seed processing unit etc. and joined
training programme in Block Agriculture office, Basudevpur, KVK, Bhadrak and CDAO office,
Bhadrak and gained knowledge on different aspects of Agriculture. I learnt punctuality, discipline, skill
of managing situations by joining different meetings in Block Agriculture Office. I learnt transparency
and team work with implementation of new technologies in proper time for the development of farmers
in rural area.

SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS:

There are many cases where there are complaints by the farmers for not getting the money under Govt.
scheme in time. As the procedures are time taking, the farmers are reluctant to adopt the new initiatives.
Govt. assure provision of money and other inputs to the farmers, but there is loophole in the process. As
this has been continuing the farmers don’t show interest on the Govt. schemes. Black-marketing is also a
problem to farmers.
The pesticides or fungicides needed for seed treatment campaign should reach to the Blocks as quickly
as possible. Different subsidies should be sent to the farmers account as soon as possible, as most of the
time they become unsure, if they will get money or not and also they will be able to use the subsidy
amount for other purposes. Measures should be taken to prevent Black-marketing. Farmers’ exhibition
& G.P. sitting should be done regularly. Schemes should be discussed with farmer in local language so

128
that they could avail any benefit from it. Proper Training and campaign should be done for farmer
welfare.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

RAWE is an exposure programme conducted to make the agricultural student acquainted with the real
field situation and to test the feasibility of knowledge gained during class room teaching and its
application in the farmer’s field. From orientation programme to submission of report every moment in
RAWE has been exciting, exploring, enlightening, enriching, adventurous and unforgettable. The village
attachment programme provided a practical oriented opportunity and hands on experience in acquiring
knowledge and skill. We came to know about the real socio-economic situation of the village and
problems at field level. This programme opened us a lane to interact with farmers and understand their
situation better. It helped us in realizing the true value of agriculture and the importance of the subject in
real life. The farmers of the block were very supportive and very much interested to know about new
technologies and adopt them. This programme opened us a venue to interact with the farmers and to
understand the real problems faced by the farming community. This field program helped me to
comprehend the basis of agriculture from the masters of the field ‘THE FARMERS’.

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