RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE

& AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT

2022-23

BY:
LIKSHIT KUMAR NAYAK
ROLL NO. - 8319
B.Sc. Ag 4th Year 7th Semester

MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

Affiliated By Berhampur University
Sriramvihar, Bhujabal, Kolnara, Rayagada, Odisha – 765017
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report entitled “Rural Agricultural Work Experience” prepared and

submitted under the village attachment programme of RAWE 2022-23 by LIKSHIT KUMAR

NAIK, 4320 is actually based on day to day works under our guidance and supervision. All sorts

of help and sources of information availed during this programme have been duly acknowledged.

Dr. Santanu Mohanty Mr. Amrit Banerjee DEAN,

MIPS Asst. Prof. (Extension Education)
RAWE Coordinator
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to expand my sincere humble to Dean Prof. (Dr.) Santunu Mohanty for guide us

during this programmme.

I also expand my sincere humble to RAWE programme coordinator Mr. Amrit Banerjee,

Basant Kumar & my respected faculties of the MIPS College, Rayagada for his patience,

motivation, great knowledge and constant support during my RAWE programme. His guidance

throughout the RAWE programme helped me to complete the programme successfully.

I am so much humble that all faculties of RAWE programme gave us superb ideas to conduct

the RAWE smoothly and correctly. I would like to thank all the faculties of the department.

Date: Name: Likshit kumar Naik

Place: Rayagada Roll No.:4320
 CONTENTS
SERIAL CONTENTS PAGE
NUMBER NUMBER
Introduction 1
1
RAWE Programme 1-3
2
Basic Information of District 4-5
3
Basic Information of Block 6-7
4
Basic Information of Village 7-8
5
Rapport Building with Villagers 8-9
6
PRA 10
7
Transect Walk 10
8
9 Village Map, Resource Map 11
Timeline, Seasonal Analysis 12
10
Crop Map, Enterprise Map 13-14
11
Hydrology Map, Daily Work Profile, Mobility Map 14-16
12
ITK 16-17
13
Farmer’s Profile 18-19
14
Problem Identification 20
15
Problem Cause Analysis 20
16
Prioritization of Problem 20
17
Finding Solution to Farmer’s Problem 21
18
SWOT Analysis 21
19
Action Plan for Improvement of Village 22
20
Training and Demonstration 22-23
21
KVK of respective district 24
22
Industry Visit 25-27
23
Experience Gained 28
24
Feedback 28
25
26 Conclusion 28
 INTRODUCTION
The Rural Agricultural Work Experience programme (RAWE) is being conducted
every year in the 7th semester. In this year, all students are divided into individual groups
according to their districts and are assigned to carry out different activities. Here, Participatory
Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique is conducted to gain experience. So, I was required to carry
out the exercises in the assigned village with the help of the villagers and submit our report
through given format. These activities are carried out by visiting their village and by staying in
own village and with the help of respective KVK.
During the PRA exercise, I was exposed to village situation and I got a basic
understanding of various on-farm activities. I visited to different government organization like
DDA, DAO OFFICE, ATMA, KVK etc.
Various exercises under this project developed knowledge of the student and revised all
the courses that we studied for the last 3 years. I am now comfortable while communicating with
the villagers.
I think, the most important achievement of this RAWE program is that it has generated
interest in the minds of the students to do something for the villagers because they have very
closely observed the real problems and difficulties faced by the poor farmers.

RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE (RAWE)

Agricultural education is an important tool in ensuring increased agricultural
productivity, sustainability and environmental and ecological security, profitability, job security
and equity. In India RANDHWA Committee (1992) recommended the Rural Agricultural Work
Experience (RAWE) programme for imparting quality, practical and production-oriented
education for agriculture degree programme. The World Bank (1975) stated that there was little
emphasis on curricular or agribusiness outside Government jobs. Therefore, the agenda for the
21st century in agricultural education should be drawn on the basis of challenges it has to meet in
the near future. RAWE programme provides significant hands-on experience in acquiring
knowledge & skill.
What is RAWE?
RAWE (Rural Agricultural Work Experience) is a programme for imparting quality,

1
practical & production oriented for agricultural degree.

2
Importance of RAWE Programme:-
 Preparing agricultural graduates for better career in agriculture.
 Preparing agricultural graduates-oriented education to face the challenges by acquiring
knowledge & skill though hands on experience.

Objectives of RAWE: -
 Understanding the rural life by students.
 To get familiarize with the socio-economic conditions of the farmers & their problems
with reference to agricultural development.
 To provide an opportunity to the students for practical training in crop production
through work experience.
 To develop communication skills among students using extension teaching methods in
transfer of technology.
 To develop the understanding regarding agricultural technologies being followed by
farmers and to prepare alternate farm plans to suit to the local situation in consultation
with farmers. To make students understand the role of men and women in agriculture and
allied sectors.
 To make the students acquainted with ongoing thrust on rural development related to
transfer of technology.
 To explore and develop understanding regarding hi-tech agricultural technology &
factors affecting the adoption of modern method of agriculture the adoption of modern
method of agriculture by the farmers.
STUDENTS READY PROGRAMME
Agricultural education is an important tool in ensuring increased agricultural
productivity, sustainability and environmental and ecological security, profitability, job security
and equity.
In India RANDHWA Committee (1992) recommended the Rural Agricultural Work
Experience (RAWE) programme for imparting quality, practical and production-oriented
education for agriculture degree programme. But in 2016, 5th Dean’s Committee decided it to be
renamed as STUDENTS READY PROGRAMME. The World Bank (1975) stated that there
was little emphasis on curricular or agribusiness outside Government jobs. Therefore, the agenda
for the 21st century in agricultural education should be drawn on the basis of challenges it has to

3
meet

4
in the near future. STUDENTS READY PROGRAMME provides significant hands-on
experience in acquiring knowledge & skill.
What is SRP?
SRP (STUDENTS READY PROGRAMME) is a programme for imparting quality,
practical & production oriented for agricultural degree.
IMPROTANCE OF STUDENTS READY PROGRAMME
 Preparing agricultural graduates for better career in agriculture.
 Providing agricultural graduates-oriented education to face the challenges by acquiring
knowledge & skill though hands on experience.

The meaning of READY is:

R: Rural
E: Entrepreneurship
A: Awareness
D: Development
Y: Yojana
OBJECTIVE OF STUDENTS READY PROGRAMME
 Understanding of the rural life by the students.
 To get familiarize with the Socio-economic conditions of the farmers and their problems
with reference to agricultural development.
 To provide an opportunity to the students for practical training in crop production
through work experience.
 To develop communication skills among students using extension teaching methods in
transfer of technology.
 To develop the understanding regarding agricultural technologies being followed by
farmers and to prepare alternate farm plan to suit to the local situation in consultation
with farmers.
 To develop confidence and competence in students for solving problems related to
agriculture.
 To make students understand the role of men and women in agriculture and allied sectors.
 To make the students acquainted with ongoing thrust on rural development related to
transfer of technology.

5
  To explore and develop understanding regarding hi-tech agricultural technology and
factors affecting the adoption of modern method of agriculture by the farmers.
DISTRICT INFORMATION
1. Name of the district: Mayurbhaj
2. Latitude and Longitude: 20°16’N, 86°10’E
3. Agro-climatic Zone: North Central Plateau
4. No. and name of revenue blocks: 13 Blocks
1. Kendujhar Block
6. Patna Block 11. Joda Block
2. Banspal Block
7. Saharapada Block 12. Champua Block
3. Telkoi Block
8. Ghasipura Block 13. Jhumpura Block
4. Harichandanpur Block
9. Anandapur Block
5. Ghatagaon Block
10. Hatadihi Block
5. Demographic
Information:
Caste Male Female Total
General 895876 377622 773498
SC 1,04,684 1,04,673 2,09,357
ST 4,05,927 4,05,927 8,18,878
Total 9,06,487 8,95,246 18,01,733

6. Total Literacy:
Type Number
Male 6,05,119
Female 4,47,399
Total 10,52,518

7. Information on Weather Parameter:

Rainfall (mm) Normal 1534.5
Average 1534.5
Temperature (0C) Maximum 38
Minimum 11
Relative Humidity Maximum 74
(%) Minimum 32

8. Major Soil Type:

Red, Lateritic, Red and Yellow, Alluvial, Red and Black
9. Sources of Irrigation: Lift Irrigation, Canal, Micro Irrigation, Bore Well, Pond
6
10. Agriculture and allied sector institutes operating in the district: Krishi Vigyan Kendra
11. Major Crops:
Field Crops Rice, Maize, Black Gram, Horse Gram, Green Gram
Horticultural Mango, Cashew, Brinjal, Tomato, Chili, Radish
Crops
Plantation Crops Cashew nut, Coconut, Eucalyptus

12. Cropping System:

Serial Number Ecosystems Cropping System
1 Hill Slope Mixed cropping
2 Upland Sequence cropping
3 Medium Land Sequence cropping
4 Low Land Sequence cropping

13. Package of Practices Followed:

Crops Ruling Variety
Rice MC 13, Swarna, Annapurna
Utkal Pallavi, Utkal Dipti, Utkal
Tomato
Kumari

Agricultural Machineries Used: Tractor, Combine Harvester, Plough, Sprayer, Loader,

Sickle, Power Tiller, Cultivator
Weed Management Practices: Hand Weeding, Using Sickle, Use Weedicide
14. Information on Livestock & Animal Husbandry:
Type Number
Cross Bred Cattle 34386
Indigenous Cattle 600858
Buffalo 13674
Sheep 91103
Goat 544658
Pig 9877
Poultry 1241984

7
 BLOCK INFORMATION
1. Name of the block: Swampatna
2. Latitude & Longitude: 21.63° N, 85.89° E
3. Agro-climatic Zone: North Central Coastal Plain
4. Number & Name of the G.P: 20 G.P.
1. Badapatna
8. Erendei 15. Mushakhori
2. Baunsuli
9. Jamunapasi 16. Palanghati
3. Budhikapudi
10. Kantiapada 17. Rajnagar
4. Chakundapal
11. Kendeiposi 18. Saraskola
5. Chemana
12. Khireitangiri 19. Tangarpada
6. Chinamaliposi
13. Mirigikhoji 20. Turumunga
7. Dumuria
14. Murusuan

5. Demographic Information:
Caste Male Female Total
General 8865 8745 17610
SC 6549 6459 13008
ST 5808 6457 12265
Total 21222 21661 42883

6. Information on Weather Parameters:

Rainfall (mm) Normal 1534.5
Average 1534.5
Temperature (0C) Maximum 38
Minimum 11
Relative Humidity (%) Maximum 72
Minimum 33

7. Major Soil Types: Red Soil, Red & Black

8. Sources of Irrigation: Lift Irrigation, Canal, Bore Well, Pond
9. Agriculture and allied sector institute operating in the block: Sidheswar Rice Mill,
Baitarani Rice Mill, Sm Rice Mill
10. Major Crops:
Field Crops Rice, Maize, Black Gram, Green Gram
Horticultural Crops Mango, Cashew, Brinjal, Tomato, Chili, Radish
Plantation Crops Cashew nut, Coconut, Eucalyptus

8
 Cropping System: Mixed Cropping, Sequence Cropping
11. Package of Practices Followed:
Crops Variety
Rice MC 13, Swarna
Tomato Utkal Pallavi, Utkal Dipti
Brinjal Utkal Kesari, Utkal Madhuri

Agricultural Machineries: Tractor, Power Tiller, Combine Harvester

Weed Management: Hand Weeding, Using Sickle, Use Weedicide
12. Information on Livestock and Animal Husbandry:
Type Number
Cross Bred Cattle 4,500
Indigenous Cattle 75,000
Buffalo 3,500
Sheep 2,500
Goat 44,000
Pig 2,580
Poultry 120,000

VILLAGE INFORMATION
1. Name of the Village: Tribindha
2. Latitude and Longitude: 21.81° N, 85.80° E
3. Agro-climatic Zone: North Central Coastal Plain
4. Demographic Information:
Caste Male Female Total
General 184 178 362
SC 49 40 89
ST 215 221 436
Total 448 439 887

5. Information on Weather Parameters:

Rainfall (mm) Normal 1534.5
Average 1534.5
Temperature (0C) Maximum 37
Minimum 10
Relative Humidity Maximum 73
(%) Minimum 34

9
6. Major Soil Type: Red & Black
7. Sources of Irrigation: Lift Irrigation, Bore Well, Pond
Major Crops:
Field Crops Rice, Green gram
Horticultural Mango, Cashew, Brinjal, Tomato, Chili, Radish
Crops
Plantation Crops Cashew nut, Coconut, Eucalyptus

8. Cropping System: Mono Cropping, Inter Cropping, Mixed Cropping

9. Package and Practices Followed in Village;
Crops Variety
Rice MC 13, Swarna
Tomato Utkal Pallavi, Utkal Dipti
Brinjal Utkal Kesari, Utkal Madhuri

Agricultural Machinery Used: Tractor, Power Tiller, Combine Harvester

Weed Management: Hand Weeding, Using Sickle, Use Weedicide
RAPPORT BUILDING WITH VILLAGERS AND FIELD VISIT
 Rapport building is the first step in PRA.
 It is the first informal interaction with the farmer and village people It is meant for
making relationship with others quickly and to gain trust and confidence.
 It imposes a good impression upon village people.
 So that the interaction between the facilitators and the participants in the PRA process
becomes easier.
For rapport buildings following things are to be remembered:
 Mutual attentiveness
 Friendly behavior with farmer
 Sympathy
 Local language
 Listening
 Fishing question
 Group discussion
 Buried question technique

10
I assigned to a village that is Tribindha, Dist – Kendujhar. That native village. I introduced
myself as 4th yr. B.Sc. (Ag) students from MITS Institute of Professional studies (MIPS),
Rayagada and described the purpose of my visit. I put forward numerous questions regarding
the village history, crop grown, standard of living of the people, organizations, institutions,
available resources, problems and opportunities. I arrived at sensitive and important issues
using open ended questions. I requested them to help us in mapping, modeling, transect walk
and other PRA activities and they showed me a enthusiastic and active participating.

RAPPORT BUILDING WITH HOST FARMERS

11
I assigned to Tribindha village which is my residence. We were instructed to collect
information from two farmer. After transect walk I have an overall idea about the farmers land
holding so I choose a small and medium farmer. I ask them about their land holding, cropping
pattern, secondary occupation, family background, problem in the field, source of irrigation and
other information that is related to agriculture From field preparation to the harvesting of crop.
They were so humble and easygoing people. They answered my every question.
PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)
PRA done at Village (Tribindha):
TRANSECT WALK:
Definition:
It is an exploratory walk which is undertaken by a multidisciplinary team of scientists along
with village people to observe, cross check and critically examine and record minute details
of a particular area physically.

Transect Map:

12
VILLAGE MAP: TRIBINDHA
Definition:
Village maps are effective tools that help in understanding the geography of a village
settlement. Conducts social mapping to illustrate the layout of houses, streets, hamlets and
infrastructure in the village. Identifies the most ideal locations to open schools
Photo:

Conclusion: There are more medium and low land campaign to the upland and the village
having lot of resource. like river, pond etc.
RESOURCE MAP:
Definition: It shows mainly available natural resources such as topography, forest areas,
degraded land, pastures, water resources, agricultural land etc.

13
Conclusion:
There are much more resources and they utilize it.
TIMELINE:
Definition: It is a method of visualizing key historical events and major changes received by
the villagers e.g., flood, soil erosion, climate changes, culture etc.
Diagram:
TIMELINE MAP OF TRIBINDHA

Conclusion:
The progress of this village is good. And the people are developing day by day.
SEASONAL ANALYSIS:
Definition:
It is applied to get an insight into seasonal variations in rural areas related to rainfall pattern,
crop rotation, fodder and fuel for availability, labour requirement, insect and pest.
Diagram:

14
 Conclusion:
The village receive good rainfall in month of July and August and the rice and brinjal
cultivated for 2 time in a year.

CROP MAP:
Definition: It is a kind of map where different types of crops are grown in the locality are
represented in a map.
Diagram:

Conclusion:
The primary food of the village is paddy. They are cultivating vegetables for own use not for
sale.
ENTERPRISE MAP:
Definition:
• Enterprise is a small or large business which is started with the venture of a person aiming to
make profit in future.
• It includes various enterprises like poultry unit, fishery unit, dairy unit, goat unit and various.

15
Diagram:

Conclusion:
There is not much more shop in the village they depend on nearby market.
HYDROLOGY MAP:
Definition:
A hydrology map shows the location of different water source like pond, river, canal, tube
well etc.
Photo:

16
 Conclusion:
There is continuous flow of water in this village.

DAILY WORK PROFILE:

Definition:
• It describes how villagers spend a day of 24 hrs. along with different kinds of activities and
time allotted for each activity.
• Daily work profile can be taken from men and women in both categories of farmer and farm
labour.

Diagram:

Conclusion:
Both men and women in village are hard working.

17
 MOBILITY MAP:
Definition:
The community can get goods and services from different places. Some resources will be
available within the PRA other on the boundaries of the community.
People are daily, weekly and occasionally fetch for the resources in and out of their area.
Diagram:

Conclusion: There are almost availability of resources within 5 km.

INDIGENOUS TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE (ITK)
What is ITK?
• Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) is specifically concerned with actual application of
the thinking of the local people in various operations of agriculture and allied.
• Indigenous Knowledge refers to the unique, traditional, local knowledge existing within and
developed around the specific conditions of women and men indigenous to a particular
geographic area.
• Indigenous knowledge is the local knowledge – knowledge that is unique to a given culture
or society.

18
• IK contrasts with the international knowledge system generated by universities, research
institutions and private firms.
• It is the basis for local-level decision in agriculture, health preparation, education, natural
care, food resource management, and a host of their activities in rural communities.
• Indigenous knowledge is the information base for a society, which facilitates communication
and decision making.
• Indigenous information systems are dynamic, and are continually influenced by internal
creativity and experimentation as well as by contact with external systems.
• The term indigenous technical knowledge is often camouflaged with the belief that is
associated with forthcoming happenings and the innovations made by the farmers to solve
specific problems.
Purpose:
 No cost of pesticides.
 No health hazards.
 No pollution occurs.
 Use of local materials.
 Sustainable & time tested.
 Compatible with the ecosystems and social systems.
 ITK and simple and ecofriendly and can be carried out by small farmer.
 To produce more and more organic vegetables.
 To reduce the application of pesticides.
ITK Identified in your village:
1. Spreading tobacco dust over the field to control insect.
2. Applying fish cleaning water at the base of leguminous (bean) and cucurbits to get benefit.
3. Setting up bamboo sticks or branches of trees in rice field to sit down the birds and eat away
insects which helps to control insect infestation.
4. Spraying Neem solution on the vegetables to control insects.
5. Spreading Ash in vegetables field to control aphid.
6. Spraying cow dung mixed water in the field to prevent the attack of cattle and goat.
7. Applying cow dung to feed the fish.
8. Applying oil cakes in the pond to feed the fish.

19
9. Applying rice kura (rice husk) in the pond.
10. Using banana leaves in the pond to feed grass carp.
FARMER’S PROFILE
Socio-economic Characteristics:
Categories Farmer 1 Farmer 2
Name Nakula Mahanta Khetu Mahanta
Age 52 45
Caste OBC OBC
Education 5th 3
rd

Family Size 6 Members 10 Members

Family Type Joint family Joint family
Social Participation Nil Nil
Contact outside Nil Nil
community
Primary Occupation Farming Farming
Secondary Occupation Nil Nil
Land Holding 6.5 acre 3.2 acre
Status of agricultural loan Nil Nil
Awareness about scheme KALIA Scheme KALIA Scheme

Resource Availability:
Categories Farmer 1 Farmer 2
Source of Irrigation Bore well, pond Bore well
Possession of Agril. Wooden plough, sickle, spade Wooden plough, sickle, spade
Implements
Source of procurement of Government provided Government provided
seed

Possession of Animal Resources:

Livestock Categories Farmer 1 Farmer 2
Indigenous Cow Red sindhi Gir
Details of Cultivation:
Farmer 1 Farmer 2
Crop
Area Yield Area Yield
Name Variety Variety
(Acre) (Q/acre) (Acre) (Q/acre)
MC 13 Advanta
Rice (hybrid) 2 25-30 1 25-30
(hybrid)
Pratikshya
(local) 2 18-20 Annapurna 1 15-17

Brinjal local 1 110-130 Local 1 105-120

20
Cost Of Cultivation of Rice (Mc 13 (hybrid))
Sl No. Expenditure Amount Cost
(In Rs)
1 Inputs (1 ha)
Seed (in Kg) 9 2550
FYM 4100
Fertilizers (In Kg)
Urea 100 900
DAP 140 2000
MOP 30 800
Plant Protection Chemicals 250
Herbicide 600
2 Ploughing
Tractor (hour) 8hr 9600
Bullock (Day) 2 days 1200
3 Labour Charges
Transplanting (10 Male, 5 Female) in Day 1 day 10000
Weeding 3 days 9000
Other 500
6 Threshing 5000
Total Expenditure 46500

Total yield = 50 quintal, Selling @ 1940 / Quintal

Gross Income = 97000 Rs / ha
Net Profit = Gross income – Cost of Cultivation = 97000 – 46500 = 50500
Benefit: Cost = Gross income / Cost of Cultivation = 97000 / 46500 = 2.08

Contact with Extension Agencies/ Organizations/ Programmes:

Extension Agencies Farmer 1 Farmer 2
Kvk Never Never
Village Agricultural Worker Rare Rare
Seed Sales Centre Occasionally Occasionally
Gram Sabha Rare Rare
Input Dealer Occasionally Occasionally
Demonstration Never Never
Exhibition Never Never
Exposure Visit Never Never
Training/Workshop Rare Never
Any Other Never Never

21
 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Problems Source/ tools used for identification of problems
Labour Group discussion
Small and fragmented
Transect walk
land –holdings
Marketing problem Village visit
Improper use of
Interaction with farmer
fertilizer
Rice Gundhi bug, grass
Interaction with farmer
hopper

PROBLEM CAUSE ANALYSIS

SL. NO. Problems Primary Cause Secondary Cause
Migration to another Low wages and
1 Labour
state income
Communication
2 Marketing problem Transportation
problem
Small and fragmented Division of land in
3 ---
land –holdings family
Improper use of
4 No soil testing Lack of awareness
fertilizer

PRIORITIZATION OF PROBLEMS
Sl. Total
Problems Importance Seriousness Frequency Ranking
No. score
Rice Gundhi bug, grass
1 8 8 7 25 1st
hopper
2 Improper use of fertilizer 7 8 7 24 2nd
Small and fragmented
3 6 6 6 20 3rd.
land holdings
4 Labour 5 5 6 18 4th
5 Marketing problem 3 3 4 12 5th

22
 SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS
Sl. No. Primary cause Solution
1 Rice Gundhi bug, grass hopper Malathion dust 5% @ 8kg/acre or malathion
50EC @ 2ml/lt (350ml/acre) and take up
spraying on panicle
2 Improper use of fertilizer Soil test, application of FYM
3 Small and fragmented land – Poultry farming, dairy farming, fishery
holdings
4 Labour Increase the wages of payment
5 Marketing Supply to town

SWOT ANALYSIS

A. STRENGTH
 Better irrigation facility
 Own cultivated land
 Allied activities

B. WEAKNESS
 Improper use of fertilizer
 Marketing problem
 Unavailability of labour

C. OPPORTUNITY
 Floriculture
 Vegetable nursery

D. THREATS
 Climatic change
 Elephant problem

23
 VILLAGE ACTION PLAN
To be
Problem Suggestion carried Linkage
out by
Malathion dust 5% @ 8kg/acre or
malathion 50EC @ 2ml/l
Rice Gundhi bug, grass hopper Farmer KVK
(350ml/acre) and take up
spraying on panicle
Improper use of fertilizer Soil test, application of FYM Farmer BAO
Small and fragmented land - Poultry farming, dairy farming,
Farmer KVK
holdings fishery
Extension
Labour Use of machinery Farmer
officer
Marketing problem Supply to town Farmer

TRAINING AND DEMONSTRATION

1. Training/ Demonstration Name: Yellow Sticky Traps
Objective:
• It’s using in IPM product.

• Insects can be attractive from a long distance.

• Ideal for quick and simple monitoring.

• The glue is non-toxic and does not dry fast.

• It’s easy to install in the field.

• They are user ecofriendly.

Method:

• Simply hang above crop field at regular intervals and count insects catch regularly to

determine population size and source of the problem.

• Glue traps are designed to attracts all flying insects which damage the crops

24
(Demonstration On Yellow Sticky Traps)

25
 KVK
About KVK of respective district:
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kendujhar, Odisha was established in may1982 under Odisha
University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar. It is the first Krishi Vigyan
Kendra of the state established by Indian council of Agriculture and Research, New Delhi.
Its objective is to increase production and productivity in agriculture an allied sectors to
strengthen the rural economy.
The major mandates of KVK are:
 Frontline demonstrations to establish production potential of technologies on the farmers’
fields.
 Capacity development of farmers and extension personnel to update their knowledge and
skills on modern agricultural technologies.
 To work as Knowledge and Resource Centre of agricultural technologies for supporting
initiatives of public, private and voluntary sectors in improving the agricultural economy of
the district.
 Provide farm advisories using ICT and other media means on varied subjects of interest to
farmers.
GRAFTING IN GUAVA
Major works carry out by KVK:
 Awareness programme on Natural Farming
 Important diseases of poultry and their
prevention
 Cultivation practices of Pointed gourd
 Management for effective dissemination of
latest technologies
 First aid, disease management and
vaccination strategy of cattle and small
ruminants
 Production of Quality Audio Video for
dissemination of technology

AZOLLA UNIT

26
 INDUSTRY VISIT

 Paddy Rice cleaning process also called rice paddy cleaning process. It is first step in rice
milling systems after rice paddy comes for milling process in rice mill from Rice farms.
 Paddy always comes up having a lot of external material including weed, soil, seeds, etc.
And these external things need to be removed before taking it to the hulling processes, so
that the efficiency of the huller, as well as milling, would not get affected.
 If they are not removed properly then the efficiency of the rice mill machinery can be
reduced. The capacity of the paddy pre-cleaner is actually, 1.5 times the milling capacity. It
makes rice milling an ideal in this modern age.

Rice Cleaning Process:

 Removing the husk (de husking or dehulling)
 Brown rice is actually produced by removing the husk from rough paddy rice.

27
 The husk is actually removed using friction so that paddy grains can easily pass in between
two abrasive surfaces that move following different speeds.
 It makes easy to let husk removed following suction and transported to a storage dump
outside the mill. It means you would not have to confront a lot of hassle anymore.

Paddy separation:
 Paddy separator is good at unhusked paddy rice from brown rice making easier to go ahead
with the next procedure in modern rice milling systems.
 Talking about the amount of paddy actually depends on different thing including the
efficiency of the husker and it should not be more than 10%. Paddy separators work in a
great way making the entire procedure easier and smooth.
 Paddy Rice is fed to the paddy separator in rice mills. Paddy rice is separated from brown
rice and the separated paddy rice will then be removed. It also called “rice residue”.

Whitening or Polishing:
 Do you know that how whitening or polishing rich are made? Here, we are going to talk
about rice whitening process in modern rice mill.
 Actually, white rice is produced removing the bran layer and then germ from the paddy.
Now, you might be thinking that how does bran layer is removed. To put in simple words,
the bran layer is removed from the kernel going with the different policies such as abrasive
or friction polishers. The amount of bran removed is normally between 8 and 10% of the
total paddy weight.

Separation of white rice:

 The next on the list is all about separation of white rice. Once rice polishing is done, white
rice is separated into head rice, small, broken and large rice.
 Head rice is generally categorized as Kernels having ration of 75-80o or more of a whole
kernel. In order to have a higher degree of precision for grading and separation a length or
indent grader is used.

28
 Rice mixing:
 Talking about a good modern age rice mill, it generally produced 50−60%
 Head rice (whole kernels),
 5−10% large broken
 10−15% small broken kernels
 Moreover, it also depends on country standards as well as what is all about the rice grades in
the market as it will contain from 5−25% broken kernels. If rice mixing is get done in a
sophisticated manner, then a volumetric mixer is necessary.

Mist polishing:
 It is all about mixing a fine mist of water having dust retained on the whitened rice in order
to improve the luster of rice. The motto is not compromising with the quality of rice. A
friction type of whitening machine plays a major role to deliver a fine mist of water during
the final whitening process ideal for “final” polishing before the sale.

Rice weighing:
 Now, it is time to know about rice weighing. To put in simple words, rice is normally sold in
50 kg sacks and it should be weight accurately and labeled. These days, most rice mills are
preferring to go with the advanced manual mechanical weighing system, so that they can
have accurate results. This fast electronic system is considered ideal to go ahead.
 To make more profit, it is needed to make sure that you are going to have advanced
machinery at your work to gain amazing results in rice milling operations.

29
 EXPERIENCE GAINED
 The daily profile of the
farmer.
 We gained much knowledge about farming and farmers by interacting with them.
 Less participation of females in the agricultural field
 We got much knowledge about paddy, Dairy farming, cultivation of Vegetables, etc.
 We get to know about the ITK practice in the village.
 To know about the resource location in the village.
 Sustainable agriculture in small rural area.
 It helped me a lot in experiencing the real facts of agriculture which we only learn in books.
it gives immense pleasure when we give some solution to the farmer

FEEDBACK
 The query and feedbacks of farmers were interesting. Most of the section of the
questionnaire section helped us a lot because of the expertise of farmers.
 It helped us to know the real issue of farmer and small trials of suggestion to them which
only we heard about.
 This RAWE Programme helps me to know about village situation and practical field problem.
 The knowledge and skill of both me and farmers are developed.
 The training and demonstration programme help farmers to know about new techniques.
 The villagers are very supportive

CONCLUSION
 This village RAWE programme to village Tribindha provides a practical oriented
opportunity and hands on experience in acquiring knowledge and skill.
 It helped me to understand my district, Block & village thoroughly while collecting the
details, about the facts that I was not aware of earlier.
 It helped me to learn the value of punctuality, cooperation and logical approach to problems
from the villagers.

30