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Project MD

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Ajeet Kumar
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6 views

Project MD

Uploaded by

Ajeet Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine design

Design of v and flat belt PULLEY

Function of Pulley
Basic function of pulley system is to transmit the power to longer
distances where we can’t use normal transmission devices such as
power screw,cam and follower etc.
• Power Transmission: The pulley facilitates the transfer of
mechanical energy from the driver (input) pulley to the driven
(output) pulley via belt.
• Increase or Decrease Speed: Pulleys of different diameters can
change the speed of rotation.
• based on the ratio of the diameters of the driver and driven
pulleys. Alignment and Tracking: Flat pulleys help maintain belt
alignment. Some pulleys have slightly convex (crowned)
surfaces to keep the flat belt centered on the pulley.

Forces acting on pulley


In both V-belt and flat belt pulley systems, the forces acting on the
pulley are very similar. These forces ensure that power is transmitted
efficiently from the driving pulley to the driven pulley.
1. Tensile Forces:
o Tight Side Tension (T₁): The section of the belt on the side
of the driving pulley experiences the highest tension. This
is the tight side tension, and it is crucial for transmitting
torque.
o Slack Side Tension (T₂): The section of the belt on the
opposite side (return side) experiences less tension. This is
the slack side tension.
Machine design
Design of v and flat belt PULLEY
o The difference between tight side tension (T₁) and slack
side tension (T₂) provides the effective tension, which is
responsible for power transmission.
2. Centripetal Force:
o The belt must continuously change direction as it moves
around the pulley. This results in a centripetal force acting
on the belt due to its motion along the pulley’s curved
path. The pulley's surface provides the necessary reaction
force to keep the belt in motion.
3. Frictional Force:
o In V-Belts: The frictional force between the belt and the
pulley groove is increased due to the wedging effect of
the V-shape. This force is crucial in preventing slippage.
o In Flat Belts: Frictional forces between the belt and the
flat surface of the pulley help in power transmission, but
they are lower compared to V-belts due to the smaller
contact area.
4. Radial Force (Normal Force):
o The pulley exerts a radial force on the belt, directed
perpendicular to the belt’s surface at the point of contact.
This is the normal force that, combined with the
coefficient of friction, resists slippage.
5. Torque:
o The pulley on the driving shaft experiences torque from
the motor or engine. This torque causes the pulley to
rotate and drives the belt, which in turn transmits power
to the driven pulley. Torque is related to the tight and
slack side tensions of the belt, as well as the pulley’s
radius.
Machine design
Design of v and flat belt PULLEY
6. Reaction Forces:
o Bearings supporting the pulley shaft experience reaction
forces due to the belt tension. These forces can be divided
into horizontal and vertical components, affecting the
shaft and pulley assembly.
Material selection of pulley
• For low power pulleys
Cast iron,mild steel are used because it’s cost effective,durable
but they are brittle and needs coating.
Sometimes composites are also used because of its lightweight
properties.
• For high power pulleys
Alluminum alloys,magnesium alloys,high strength plastics etc.
are used because of their properties like light weight, corrosion
resistance but they are costly.
Machine design
Design of v and flat belt PULLEY

Failure mode of pulleys


Main failure of pulley is wear and fatigue due to belts overloading
or gradually It’s upper layer wears out causing slippage of belts.
Other failure modes are –
• Fatigue Failure -Repeated cyclic stresses over time from
belt ,tension and load variations. It causes tear or cracks on
pulley.
• Thermal Failure - Excessive heat generation due to friction,
high-speed operation, or insufficient cooling, especially in V-
belt drives where belts are wedged into grooves. Materials
weakens because of repeated heating or deformation happens
Leading to failure of pulley.

Generally shafts connected to pulley fails because of bending


and torsion
We choose key to be of weak material so that whenever
overload happens key fails making shaft and pulley safe.

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