MWC Chapter 1 I Scheme

MWC Solved QUESTION BANK Mrs. T. P.
Mote(E&TC)
UNIT -I
Wireless communication system
(20 Marks)
Q1. Compare GSM standard with N-Amps standard with respect to following points:
1). Generation 2). Channel bandwidth 3). Whether analog or digital 4). Data rate
5). Frequency band. (S-22 4M,W16-4M).
Ans: (any four – 4 Marks)
Parameters GSM N - Amps
Generation 2G Before 2 G
Channel bandwidth 200 KHz 10 KHz
Whether analog or digital Digital Analog
Data rate 270.833 Kbps
Frequency band. 1.85 – 1.99 GHz 824 – 894 MHz
Q2. State the range of frequency access method and modulation type used in AMPS &
GSM. (4 Marks) (2M GSM, 2M AMPS)
Ans: For GSM: Frequency: Reverse Channel Frequency 890-915MHz, Forward Channel
Frequency 935-960MHz Access method: TDMA Modulation: 0.3 GMSK
For AMPS: Frequency: Reverse Channel Frequency 824-849 MHz, Forward Channel
Frequency 869-894 MHz Access method: TDMA, FDMA Modulation: FM modulation
Q3. Explain any three mobile radio systems around the world in brief. W15-6M
Ans: AMPS Radio System
 To increase the capacity in large AMPS markets, Motorola developed an AMPS- like
system called N- AMPS (narrowband AMPS) in 1991.
 N-AMPS were a useful transition technology before 2 G equipment became available. N
AMPS provided three users in a 30 kHz AMPS channel by using FDMA and 10 kHz
channels, and provided three times the capacity of AMPS.
SVCP-CLASS TYEJ Page 1

MWC Solved QUESTION BANK Mrs. T. P. Mote(E&TC)
 By replacing AMPS channels with three N- AMPS channels at one time, service
providers were able to provide more trunked radio channels (and thus a much better grade
of service) at base stations in heavily populated areas.
 N- AMPS used the SAT and ST signalling and blank and burst functions in exactly the
same manner as AMPS, except the signalling was done by using sub-audible data
streams.
 Since 10 kHz channels are used, the FM deviation is decreased in N-AMPS. This I turn
reduces the S/ (N+1) which degrade the audio quality with respect to AMPS. To
counteract this, NAMPS uses voice companding to provide a synthetic voice channel
quieting.
 To counteracts this, N-AMPS, except the signalling was done by using sub-audible data
streams.
 N-AMPS specify a 300Hz high pass audio filter for each voice channel so that
supervisory and signalling data may be sent without blanking the voice.
 The SAT and ST signalling is sent using a continuous 200 bps NRZ data stream that is
FSK modulated. SAT and ST are called as DSAT and DST in N- AMPS because they are
sent digitally and repetitiously in small, predefined code blocks.
IS – 95B
 The interim data solution of CDMA is called IS-95B. Like GPRS, IS-95B is already
being deployed worldwide, and provides high speed packet and circuit switched data
access on a common CDMA radio channel by dedicating multiple orthogonal user
channels (Walsh functions) for specific users and specific purposes.
 Each IS-95 CDMA radio channel supports up to 64 different user channels. The original
IS-95 throughput rate specification of 9.6 kbps was not implemented in practice but was
improved to the current rate of 14.4 kbps as specified in IS-95A.
 The 2.5G CDMA solution, IS-95B supports medium data rate (MDR) service by allowing
a dedicated user to command up to 8 different user Walsh codes simultaneously and in
parallel for an instantaneous throughput of 115.2 kbps per user (8*14.4 kbps).
 However, only about 64 kbps of practical throughput is available to a single user in IS-
95B due to the slotting techniques of the air interface.

 IS-95B also specifies hard hand-off procedures that allow subscriber units to record
different radio channels in the network without instructions from the switch so that the
subscriber.
GSM
 Second Generation Cellular Technology
 Introduced in the year 1990 by Europe
 Multiple Access used is TDMA
 Modulation Technique used is GMSK
Duplexing used is FDD
 Reverse Link: 890 to 915 MHz
 Forward Link: 935 to 960 MHz
 Spacing between forward & reverse channel pair: 45MHz
 Bandwidth of channel: 200 kHz
 No of Duplex RF channels – 125
 Introduced in US as PCS (Personal Communication System)
Further Generations are:
 HSCSD (2.5th Generation)
 GPRS (2.5th Generation)
 EDGE (2.5th Generation)
Q4. Compare system used around the world (AMPS, IS – 95, GSM and NAMPS) with the
following points: 4M
(i) Year of introduction (ii) Frequency Range used
(iii) Modulation used (iv) Channel Bandwidth
Ans:

Q5. Describe working principle of paging system with neat block diagram. Compare
paging system with cellular phone system. W17- 6M OR
Sketch the block diagram of paging system. (Sample paper 2M)
Ans: Working principle of paging system with neat block diagram:-
Pager is a Simplex Communication Device. Paging Systems are communication systems that
send messages to a subscriber. Message can be numeric or alphanumeric. Paging Systems are
used to notify a subscriber of the need to call a particular telephone number or to travel to a
location to receive further instructions. In modern paging systems, news headlines, faxes can also
be sent. A message is sent to a paging subscriber via the paging system access number with a
telephone keypad or modem. The issued message is called a “Page”. The paging system then
transmits the page throughout the service area using base stations which broadcast the page on a
radio carrier. The coverage area of a simple paging system ranges from 2 to 5 km while a wide
paging system can have a worldwide coverage area. Whenever a sender wants to send a message
to a receiver he dials the 10 digit pager number of receiver through his telephone.
Then this call is accepted by the operator present in the paging control centre to whom the
receiver pager number and the message to be sent has to be sent. Then the operator will
broadcast the message and the receiver paging number to all the paging terminals or the base
stations. Then a particular base station under the area where the receiver is present will transmit
the message to the receiver pager. Then the receivers pager device will receive all messages and
will verify whether the sender number is stored in its memory or not. If it is stored then the pager

device will give beep which indicates the receiver that a message is sent by sender to his pager
and the message will be displayed in the LCD.
Comparison between paging system and cellular phone system:-

Parameters Cellular phone system Paging system
Definition and basic function A cell phone is an electronic A pager, also known as a
device used for full duplex beeper is a simple personal
two-way radio telecommunications device
telecommunications over a for sending and receiving
cellular of stations known as short messages.
cell sites.
Types Basic phones, touchscreen Voice/Tone pagers, Numeric,
phones, smartphones Alphanumeric and two way
alphanumeric pagers.
Handset Features and Uses built-in software to Features may include GPRS,
software make and receive calls GPS, camera, games,
compass and accelerometer.
No additional features

Areas of use Anywhere except where Hospitals, fire stations,

specifically disallowed. e.g. hospitality industry etc
gas stations, hospitals, movie
halls, air planes
Power supply Rechargeable battery, car Rechargeable batteries only
chargers, USB
Privacy Can be traced Cannot be traced
Q6. How paging system differs from cellular phone system? Compare w.r.t. capacity,
operation, applications and system requirement.S15-6M
Ans: - (4 marks for four points and 1 mark each for both diagrams)

Q7. State different wireless communication system and explain any one. (W-23 4M).
State examples of wireless communication systems and explain cordless telephone
system with block diagram. (S-22, S-24 ,W17-4M)
Ans. The wireless communication system is broadly classified as:
i. Mobile wireless communication system
ii. Pager
iii. Cordless Telephone system
iv. Cellular Telephone system
v. Fixed Wireless Communication system
vi. Wireless Local loop(WLL)
vii. Local Multipoint Distribution System(LMDS)
viii. AC remote control
ix. Hand held walky-talky
x. TV remote control

Cordless Telephone System:-

Block diagram of cordless telephone system :-
OR
OR
Explanation:-

 Cordless Telephone Systems are full duplex communication systems that use radio to
connect a portable handset to a dedicated base station, which is also connected to a
dedicated telephone line with a specific telephone number on PSTN.
 The fixed port of a cordless telephone is nothing but the base unit on which cordless
handset is placed, is connected to a telephone line and an adapter to produce a dc supply
for various electronic circuits inside the base unit.
 The communication between the base unit and the handset is wireless and the range is
limited to 50 meters.
 In the base unit all call processing circuits like amplifiers and also ring circuit is present.
In addition a transceiver is also present which is used for communication with the
handset.
 In handset also the transceiver along with an antenna, amplifier, microphone and loud
speaker are present.
 1st generation cordless telephone systems could cover only distance of a few ten
meters(approximately 50m)and can be operated solely as extension telephones to a
transceiver connected to a subscriber line on the PSTN and are primarily for in-home use.
 2nd generation cordless telephone systems could cover distance of a few hundred meters
which allows subscribers to use their handsets at many outdoor locations within urban
centers.
 Cordless telephone systems provide the user with limited range and mobility, as it is not
possible to maintain a call if the user travels outside the range of the base station.
OR
Cellular Telephone system diagram

OR
OR

Q8. Define following components S17-6M, S16-4M

(a) Mobile station (b) Forward channel (c) Base station controller
(d) MSC (e) Roaming (f) Transceiver
Ans.:-
Mobile Station:
A station in the cellular radio system intended to use while in motion at unspecified locations is
called a mobile station. Mobile stations may be hand-held personal units (portables) or installed
in vehicles (mobiles)
Forward Channel:
It is a radio channel used for transmission of information from the base station to the mobile.
Base station controller:
The Base Station Controller manages the radio resources for one or more BTSs. It handles radio-
channel setup, frequency hopping, and handovers, as described below. The BSC is the
connection between the mobile station and the Mobile service Switching Center (MSC).
Mobile Switching Center (MSC):
An MSC also called a Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO) is a switching center which
coordinates the routing of calls in a large service area. In a cellular radio system, the MSC
connects the cellular base stations and the mobiles to the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone

Network, PSTN, is a global telecommunications network which connects conventional landline

telephone switching centers, called central offices, with MSCs throughout the world).
Roaming:
A mobile station which operates in a service area (market) other than that from which service has
been subscribed is called a roaming.
Transceiver:
A device capable of simultaneously transmitting & receiving radio signals.
Q9. Define forward control channel and reverse control channel. (W19 2M)
Ans. Forward control channel:-
Radio channel used for the transmission of data from base station to mobile stations.
Reverse control channel:-
Radio channel used for the transmission of data from Mobile station to base stations.
Q10. Define Base station and forward channel.(W-23 2M)

Ans. Base station: base station serves as central control for all users within that cell.
Forward channel :- Radio channel used for transmission of data from base station to mobile
stations.
Q11. Explain step by step procedure of landline originated call with neat timing diagram.
(W19 6M). OR
Illustrate the process of call initiation from landline telephone to cellular phone with neat
timing diagram. (W16-6M).
Ans:The process of call initiation from landline telephone to cellular phone:-
When a cellular phone is turned ON, but not yet engaged in a call, it first scans the group of
forward control channels to determine the one with the strongest signal, and then monitors that
control channel until the signal level drops below a usable level.
Call initiation by a landline (PSTN) subscriber to mobile user: 2 marks
 The mobile switching centre (MSC) dispatches the request to all base station in a cellular
system.

 The Mobile Identification Number (MIN) which is subscriber telephone number is then
broadcast as a paging message over all of the forward control channels throughout the
cellular system.
 The mobile receives the paging message sent by BS which s monitors, and responds by
identifying itself over the RCC.
The BS relays the acknowledgement sent by the mobile and informs the MSC of handshake.
 The MSC instructs the BS to move the call to an unused voice channel pair within the
cell.
 The BS signals the mobile to change frequencies to an unused forward and reverse voice
channel pair.
 Another data message is transmitted on forward channel to instruct the mobile telephone
to ring and mobile user to answer the phone.
 Above Figure shows sequence of events involved in call connection.
OR

 Call Procedure initiated by landline user/Call initiated by Landline Telephone
Q12. Explain mobile originated call procedure with the help of diagram. (W-22 4M)
Describe the call making procedure from mobile handset to landline phone unit. (PSTN).
(S-24 4M)
Ans: Explanation:-
 A call initiation request is sent on the reverse control channel (RCC).
 Mobile unit transmits its telephone number (MIN), Electronic Serial Number (ESN),
Station Class Mark (SCM) which indicates power level and telephone number of called
party.
 The cell BS receives this information and sends it to MSC.
 The MSC validates the request, makes connection to called party through the PSTN.
 MSC instructs BS and mobile user to move to an unused voice channel pair to allow the
conversation to begin.
Timing diagram for the process of call initiation from mobile handset to a landline phone
(PSTN):-

Q13. Illustrate the process of call routing in mobile communication system. 6 Marks
Ans: Note: Any other relevant Routing can be considered. (6 Marks Illustration) OR

OR
Q14. Draw function of mobile phone unit. State function of each block. (S-24 7M).
Ans: Function of each Block:-
Transmitter: It is low power FM unit operating in the frequency range of 825 to 845MHz.
There are 666, 30 KHz transmit channel. The carrier is furnished by a frequency synthesizer is a
phase modulated by voice signal.
Receiver: The receiver is a dual conversion super heterodyne. The incoming signal frequency is
down converted twice to frequency of 455KHz or 10.7MHMz with the help of mixer and IF
amplifier stages. The signal is then demodulated deemphasized and filtered and given to loud
speaker.
Frequency Synthesizer: This block generates all the signals used by transmitter and receivers. It
uses standard PLL circuits and a mixer.
Logic Unit: This unit contains master control circuit for a cellular radio. It is made up of
microprocessor with RAM and ROM and additional circuit used for interpreting signals from

MSC and BS and generates control signal for the transmitter and receiver.
Control unit: The control unit contains the handset with speaker and microphone. The control
unit is operated by a separate microprocessor that drives the LCD display and other indicators.
Block Diagram of Mobile Unit:-
Features-
1) Typical O/P power is 3 W if mobile unit is mounted on vehicle
2) O/P power is only 500Mw if it is a handheld unit
3) Transmitter is a low power FM unit operating in frequency range of 825 to 845 Mhz
4) It has 666 transmit channels which are spaced 30 Khz apart.
Q15. Identify the block diagram and explain the blocks A and B in Figure No. 2. (W19
6M).

Ans.
Block Diagram is of Mobile Unit.
Block A is Frequency Synthesizer
Frequency Synthesizer of mobile unit:-
A frequency synthesizer is an electronic system for generating any of a range of frequencies
from a single fixed time base or oscillator used for transmitter and receiver.
• It uses PLL and mixer.
• Crystal oscillator provides reference for the PLLs.
Block B is Logic Unit
This unit contains master control circuit for a cellular radio. It is made up of microprocessor with
RAM and ROM and additional circuit used for interpreting signals from MSC and BS and
generates control signal for the transmitter and receiver.
MTSO send serial data stream at 10Kbps the cell site to radio to control the transmit and receive
frequency and transmitter power.
MTSO monitors the received cell signal strength at the cellular radio by RSSI signal, and it
monitors transmitter power level. These are transmitted back to cell site and MTSO.
Audio tones are used for signaling purpose.
Q16. Sketch the block diagram of Transmitter section of Mobile Unit. (W-22 4M). OR
Draw block diagram of cellular transmitter and write the function of each block.(S-22 6M).
Explain with the help of block diagram, Working of Mobile Transmitter Unit.(Sample
paper- 4M)
Ans: Block Diagram of Cellular Transmitter:-Function of each block:-
Phase modulator section and mixer:
It is a low power FM unit operating in the frequency range of 824 to 849 MHz. The Carrier is
obtained from frequency synthesizer and is applied to phase Modulator along with the amplified
voice signal.
Modulator o/p converted using a mixer to final transmitter frequency.
Mixer o/p is applied to Class C amplifier.

Carrier i/p for the phase modulator & the local oscillator frequency signal for mixer are produced
by frequency synthesizer.
Final Amplifier:
The final amplifier stage is designed to supply 3W to antenna.
Automatic Power Control Circuit and DC amplifier:

The automatic power control circuit controls the o/p power of the transmitter automatically, with
the help of power o/p detector & DC amplifier. Receiver picks up the special control signals &
sends to APC that sets transmitter o/p power level.
Transmitter o/p is fed to duplexer. Transmitter o/p power is controlled by cell site & MTSO.
Directional coupler:
It taps off an accurate sample of the transmitter output power & rectifies it in to a proportional dc
signal. This signal is used in the APC circuit & is transmitted back to cell site.
Duplexer :
It allows the transmitter and receiver to use the same antenna. Since cellular units are full duplex
operation the transmitter and receiver will operate simultaneously.

Q17. a) i) Name the Block diagram shown in Figure No. 2.

ii) Identify the block “A” and “B” in given block diagram.
iii) State the functions block “A” and “B”. (W-22 6M).
Ans. The given figure is the cellular transmitter.

A is Directional coupler and
B is Automatic Power Control Unit
the help of power o/p detector & DC amplifier. Receiver picks up the special control signals &
sends to APC that sets transmitter o/p power level.
Transmitter o/p is fed to duplexer. Transmitter o/p power is controlled by cell site & MTSO.
Directional coupler:
It taps off an accurate sample of the transmitter output power & rectifies it in to a proportional dc
signal. This signal is used in the APC circuit & is transmitted back to cell site.
Q18. State the working principle of Receiver of Mobile Unit. State the significance of RSSI
signal. S15-4M
Ans: Working principle of Receiver of Mobile Unit:-

 The main function of receiver is to capture the signal of the desired frequency by
filtering other adjacent frequency and demodulate signal and give to loudspeaker,
apart from that mobile receiver also able to detect RSSI signal and other usable
signals transmitted by BS and MSC.
 The receiver unit of a mobile unit is a dual conversion super heterodyne receiver
operated in the frequency range 870.03 to 889.98MHz, providing 666 receive
channels space 30 kHz apart.
 The input signal from the antenna is isolated from the output stage of transmitter with
the help of duplexer. The duplexer will connect the received signal only to the
cellular receiver unit. The output of duplexer is given to RF amplifier which boosts
the level of input signal to a sufficient value, which is applied to first mixer.
 The second input to mixer-1 is local oscillator-1 signal obtained from the frequency
synthesizer. The first mixer will down convert the incoming signal to produce the first
IF which is equal to 82.2MHz. For some receivers this value is 45MHz.
 This signal passes through the first IF amplifier where is sufficiently amplified and
applied to second mixer.

 The local oscillator for second mixer is a crystal oscillator. The second down
conversion takes place at second mixer and produce IF of 10.7MHz or 455 kHz. This
signal is amplified by 2nd IF amplifier and demodulated by the FM demodulator to
get the voice signal.
 The demodulated voice signal is de-emphasized, filtered, amplified and then applied
to the loud speaker for sound production.
Significance of RSSI:-
It is a measurement of the power present in a received radio signal. The RSSI signal is sent back
to cell site so that MTSO can monitor the received signal from the cell and make decision about
hand off.
Q19.For mobile unit, how many signals are obtained from frequency synthesizer? State the
use of these signals. Why their frequency shall be different? S15-4M
Ans: (2 marks diagram, 1 mark for signals, 1 mark for reason)
Two signals are obtained from frequency synthesizer:
1. Carrier to frequency modulator in transmitter
2. To first mixer in receiver.
Frequencies should be different to ensure full duplex system and to avoid interference. It is also
useful to use single antenna in mobile handset.
Block Diagram of Frequency synthesizer:-

Q20. Draw and explain block diagram of frequency synthesizer.(W-23 6M). OR

Describe working of frequency synthesizer used in mobile handset with diagram. (S-22 4M)
Ans: - Block diagram of frequency synthesizer unit of mobile handset:-
Fig: Block diagram of frequency synthesizer unit of mobile handset

Working:-
1) The synthesizer is used for developing all the signals used by the transmitter and Receiver.

2) It uses PLL circuits and mixer.

3) The crystal oscillator provides a reference for two PLL.
4) The function of PLL is to lock or synchronize frequency of VCO to that of input signal.
5) The output of VCO 2 is used as local oscillator frequency for the first mixer in the oscillator
6) The output of the two VCO are mixed together to produce the transmitter output frequency.
7) The frequency divider block receive divide by number from the logic section. These numbers
are given by MTSO computer.
8) The divide by number will set Transmit and receive channel frequencies.
9) The two output produced by frequency synthesizer are applied to the modulator box in the
transmitter and the first mixer in receiver respectively.
10) The frequency synthesizer thus act as local oscillator which can produce a wide range of
frequencies with high stability.
Q21. Name the block diagram shown in figure: -

i. Identify the block diagram.
ii. Identify the block “A” and “B”.
iii. State the function of block “A” and “B”. (S-24 6M).

Ans. The given block diagram is a cellular receiver.

Block A: - FM Demodulator and
Block B: - Audio Filter.
 FM Demodulator demodulates the signal so as to get the voice signal.
 The demodulated voice signal is the filtered with the help of audio filter, amplified
and then applied to the loud speaker for sound production.
 Audio filter passes only the audio frequencies and attenuates the frequencies outside
this band.
Q22.Complete and identify the given block diagram and state function of block A and RSSI
signal. W16-4M
Ans: Complete Diagram:

Identification-The given circuit is cellular receiver
Function of Block A-
Duplexer-The transmitter output is fed to a duplexer or isolator which allows the transmitter and
receiver and receiver frequencies to share the same antenna.
RSSI Signal
The demodulator output filtered and is also applied to a DC amplifier which produces a DC
voltage indicating the strength of the received signal. This indicator is called as Received Signal
Strength Indicator (RSSI).

The demodulator output is also applied to a band pass filter (BPF) which selects out the control
audio tones and digital control data signal which are sent by the cell site.
These signal are then applied to the logic unit which produces the set and control signals for
transmitter and receiver.
The RSSI signal is sent back to cell site in order to help MTSO to monitor the received signal
from the cell and decide about switching to another cell.
Q23.Identify the given block diagram and name the blocks. A,B, and C. State the function
of Identified block diagram. (Refer Figure No .1) S16-4M
Ans: (1 Mks for each correct answer)

Identification:-
The above block diagram s – Frequency Synthesizer- 1/2 mks
A- Prescalar- ½ mks
B-Frequency Divider- 1/2 mks
C-VCO-Voltage controlled Oscillator- 1/2 mks
Function- (2 Mks)
The synthesizer is used for developing all the signals used by the transmitter and receiver. It uses
the PLL circuits and a mixer. The crystal oscillator provides a reference for the two PLLs.

The output of VCO-2 is used as a local oscillator frequency for the first mixer in the receiver.
The outputs of the two VCOs are mixed together to produce the transmitter output frequency.
The frequency divider block receives the divide by numbers from the logic section. These
numbers are given by the MTSO computer. The divide by numbers will set the transmitting and
receiving channel frequencies.
The two outputs produced by the frequency synthesizer are applied to the modulator box in the
transmitter and the first mixer in receiver respectively.
Thus the frequency synthesizer acts a local oscillator which can produce a wide range of
frequencies with high stability.
Q24.Identify the given block diagram and state function of blocks A, B, C. S16-4M
Ans: (Each answer 1 mks )

Identification:-
The block diagram is the cellular transmitter
A-Directional Coupler
B- Duplexer/Isolator
C- Automatic Power Control Unit
Q25.Draw the block diagram of logical unit of mobile handset and explain its working.
(W17-4M)
Ans:
Block diagram of logical unit of mobile handset:-Working:-

 The logical unit contains the main control circuitry for the cellphone unit. The logical
unit consists of a CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O interface circuit and control logic. NAM
(Number Assignment Module) is a programmable read only memory (PROM).The NAM
holds the Mobile Identification Number (MIN) i.e. the telephone number of the mobile
phone.
 The serial data comes from the MTSO. The bit rate of this signal is 10kbps.The MTSO
keeps a full control over all the cell phones using this serial data. This signal controls the
transmitting and receiving frequencies and transmitted power. The MTSO checks the
received signal strength at the mobile by observing the RSSI signal and adjust the
transmitted power level. Control signals from control logic section are applied to
transmitter and receiver section of mobile unit.
Q26. Draw block diagram of control unit with handset. Explain its operation. 4M
Ans: The control unit contains handset with speaker and microphone. It also contains a complete
touch tone dialing circuit. It is operated by a separate microprocessor drives the LCD display and
other indicator .It also implements all manual control functions.
The microprocessor memory permits storage of often called numbers and an auto dial features
The demodulated signal coming from the receiver is amplified by an audio amplifier and applied

to the loudspeaker whereas the electrical equivalent of voice signal is produced by the
microphone & amplified by the audio amplifier. This signal acts as the modulating signal and
applied to the modulator.
Q27. Identify and compete given block diagram. State the function of APC. 4M

Ans:
This is the block diagram of cellular transmitter.
the help of power o/p detector & DC amplifier. Transmitter o/p is fed to duplexer.
OR
The receiver picks up the special control signals and sends them to the APC (automatic power
control) circuit which sets the transmitter output power level to one of the possible eight levels.
Due to APC, the received signal from the cell site becomes adequately strong and the
interference is reduced with the other stations in the same or adjacent cells.
Q28. Identify the block diagram and state the functions of blocks A, B and C in Figure
No.1. (W 19 4M)

Ans. It is the block diagram of Mobile phone transmitter.

Function of block A( directional coupler):-
It is used to tap the received power and convert it into a proportional D.C signal. This D.C signal
controls the APC(Automatic power control) circuit
Function of block B (Isolator/ duplexer ):-The transmitter output is fed to a duplexer. It allows
transmitter and receiver to share same antenna for transmission and reception.
Function of block C (Power output detector):- The power detector estimate the signal power,
if the signal is found offset of estimate value it is given to automatic power control unit to match
the estimation.
Q29. With neat diagram describe logic unit of mobile phone. State the function of NAM.
Ans:

Q30. Sketch architecture of WLL system and list its advantages.S15-4M OR

Sketch the block diagram of Wireless Local Loop system. (Sample Paper 4M)
Ans.: WLL:- WLL stands for Wireless Local Loop. Microwave wireless links can be used to
create a wireless local loop such as shown in figure below
Importance: -
Local Loop is a network that resides between the central office (CO) and the individual homes
and business in close proximity to the central office (CO) as shown in figure above.
In most developed countries, copper or optical fiber cable already has been installed to residence
and business.
One more advantage of WLL is that we have to pay only once for that wireless equipment, after
there is no additional costs involved. System WLL is based on Cellular, satellite, microcellular.
The WLL can greatly improve the telecommunication facilities and services in an inexpensive
way.
It provides-
1. High bandwidth is available
2. Faster deployment
3. Lower deployment costs
4. Lower network maintenance, management and operating cost
Architecture:-

Advantages of WLL: (any two)

1. High bandwidth is available
2. Faster deployment
3. Lower deployment costs
4. Lower network maintenance, management and operating cost.
Q31. List the applications of WLL. (W-23 2M)

Ans. Applications of WLL
1. SAP Application(s)
2. Provider Platform Application.
3. Athlete Application.
4. FCC Applications.
5. Public School Student Accessing Courses at a Distance.
6. Application Programming Interface.
7. Customer Application.
8. Mobile Application.
Q32. LMDS is suitable local exchange carrier application. Justify and sketch its network
diagram. S15-4M OR

Describe operation of LMDS with suitable diagram. W15-4M

Ans: The most important application of LMDS is the Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) network. It
is shown in the figure
LMDS is suitable for LEC because of following reasons:

 The 1300MHz bandwidth of LMDS is sufficient to provide more than 200TV channels or
65000 full duplex voice channels.
 The US LMDS band is 27.5 - 28.35 GHz, 29.1 – 29.25 GHz and 31.075 – 31.225 GHz.
 In this network the LEC uses a very wide bandwidth ATM (asynchronous transfer mode)
or SONET (synchronous optical network) backbone switch.
 Such a switch can connect hundreds of megabits per second traffic to the internet, PSTN,
or to its own private network.
 The LMDS thus provides wireless broadband connectivity to the customers without using
the cables.
Q33. Draw LMDS and explain it in detail. (W19 6M)

Ans. LMDS is one of the new proposed services and applications. It is in the early stages of
commercialization.
In 1998, 1200MHz of the unused spectrum in the 27-31GHz band was auctioned by the US
government to support LMDS.

Similar auctioned were held worldwide. Various spectrums were allotted for the LMDS.
Most of these allocations share the frequencies with the teledesic band approved by the ITU
for broadband satellite systems.
The teledesic band was originally established for the Motorola iridium system.
LMDS is a fixed wireless system. The table given shows the total spectrum bandwidth of
various wireless systems in the US. It shows that the BW of 1300MHz has been allotted for
LMDS.
The 1300MHz bandwidth of LMDS is sufficient to provide more than 200TV channels or
65000 full duplex voice channels.
The US LMDS band is 27.5 - 28.35 GHz, 29.1 – 29.25 GHz and 31.075 – 31.225 GHz.
However LMDS has its own drawbacks. LMDS is a brand new, and an unproven system.
The equipment required for LMDS are millimeter wave equipment which are costly.
The most important application of LMDS is the Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) network. It is
shown in the figure.
In this network the LEC uses a very wide bandwidth ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) or
SONET (synchronous optical network) backbone switch.
Such a switch can connect hundreds of megabits per second traffic to the internet, PSTN, or
to its own private network.
The LMDS thus provides wireless broadband connectivity to the customers without using the
cables.
Difficulties:
The most important problem for LMDS of WLL is that of line of sight (LOS). If the antennas
can be seen, then only the transmission is successful.
The other problem is that rain, snow and hail can create large changes in the channel gain
between the transmitter and receiver.
Diagram:

OR
LMDS: Local multi-point distribution system.
It is a broadband wireless point to multipoint communication system that provides reliable
digital two-way voice, data and Internet services. The term "Local" indicates that the signals
range limit. "Multipoint" indicates a broadcast signal from the subscribers, the term
"distribution" defines the wide range of data that can be transmitted, data ranging anywhere
from voice, or video to Internet and video traffic. It provides high capacity point to
multipoint data access that is less investment intensive.
Advantages:
Lower entry and deployment cost.
Ease and speed of deployment.
Fast realization of revenue.
Uses low powered high frequency (25-31 GHz) signals over a short distance.
Four parts in LMDS are:
1. NOC (network operation center).
2. Fiber based infrastructure.
3. Base station.
4. Customer premise equipment.

Q34. List the sensors used in mobile phone. (S-24 2M).

Ans. The sensors used in mobile phone : -
1. Accelerometer 2. Gyroscope 3. Magnetometer 4. GPS
5. Proximity Sensor 6. Ambient Light sensor 7. Microphone
8. Touch Screen Sensor 9. Fingerprint Sensor 10. Pedometer
11. Barcode /QR Code Sensors 12. Barometer 13. Heart Rate Sensor
14. Thermometer 15. Air Humidity Sensor 16. Geiger Counter

17. Hall Effect Sensor 18. Motion Sensor 19. Speaker 20. Camera

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MWC Solved QUESTION BANK Mrs. T. P.

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Comparison between paging system and cellular phone system:-

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Areas of use Anywhere except where Hospitals, fire stations,

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Cordless Telephone System:-

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Q8. Define following components S17-6M, S16-4M

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Network, PSTN, is a global telecommunications network which connects conventional landline

Q10. Define Base station and forward channel.(W-23 2M)

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 Call Procedure initiated by landline user/Call initiated by Landline Telephone

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Automatic Power Control Circuit and DC amplifier:

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Q17. a) i) Name the Block diagram shown in Figure No. 2.

Ans. The given figure is the cellular transmitter.

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Q20. Draw and explain block diagram of frequency synthesizer.(W-23 6M). OR

Fig: Block diagram of frequency synthesizer unit of mobile handset

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2) It uses PLL circuits and mixer.

Q21. Name the block diagram shown in figure: -

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Ans. The given block diagram is a cellular receiver.

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Identification-The given circuit is cellular receiver

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Ans: (1 Mks for each correct answer)

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Ans: (Each answer 1 mks )

Block diagram of logical unit of mobile handset:-Working:-

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Ans. It is the block diagram of Mobile phone transmitter.

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Q30. Sketch architecture of WLL system and list its advantages.S15-4M OR

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Advantages of WLL: (any two)

Q31. List the applications of WLL. (W-23 2M)

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Describe operation of LMDS with suitable diagram. W15-4M

LMDS is suitable for LEC because of following reasons: