Physics Project On 3D Hologram Final

AIRPORT SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
CALICUT AIRPORT
( Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi, Affiliation no: 930062 )
SENIOR SECONDARY
CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN PHYSICS
______________
PHYSICS PROJECT
3D Hologram Pyramid
Submitted by :____________________
Reg. No:_______________
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ____________________ with
registered number _________________ of Airport
Senior Secondary School has done a project
work in physics as per the syllabus of class
XII in the physics laboratory of Airport School
in the year 2024 - 2025.
Teacher in charge :
Principal :
Examiner :
School Seal
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this is a bonafide
record of an original project carried out by our
team under the supervision and guidance of Joice
Rose Varghese Department of physics.
Signature :
Team Members :
MOHAMMED HATHIM
ARSHAK K V
ASIR MUHAMMED M K
MUHAMMAD SHAHEEN M C
MUHAMMED MAFHOOM K.P
Class : XII
Airport Senior Secondary School
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, Our Team would like to express our sincere
gratitude to all those who contributed their
unwavering devotion, support and expertise to this
project. Their valuable contributions and unwavering
commitment to excellence have resulted in this
project.
With utmost gratitude, We extend our heartfelt

appreciation to our revered subject teacher,
Joice Rose Varghese, for her valuable guidance,
support,and boundless motivation throughout our
project's journey.
Her profound expertise and mentorship has breathed

life into our ideas and kept us steadfast on the path of
progress.
We are indebted to Mrs. Sreekala B (Principal),
Airport Senior Secondary School, who had extended
all the necessary facilities for the project work.
We would like to take this opportunity to express our

sincere gratitude to Mr. Ramesh Kumar (lab assistant),
parents, our fellow classmates who helped us to
complete this school project.
Once again, thank you to everyone involved in

making this project a reality. Your support and
assistance will be forever cherished.
CONTENT
1. Introduction 1
2. Aim of Project 2
3. Requirements
3
4. Theory 4
5. Procedure
6
6. Observation
8
7. Result 10
8. Conclusion 11
9. Bibliography 12
Introduction
This project focuses on creating a 3D hologram viewer using
the “Pepper’s Ghost” illusion, a classic optical technique
used in theaters and museums to create the illusion of
floating images. The concept involves reflecting light from a
specific source onto a transparent surface, where the viewer
perceives the reflection as a three-dimensional object. By
using four mirrored projections of an image on different
planes, the setup gives the illusion of a complete 3D object
hovering in space.
The pyramid shape plays a key role in directing these

reflections toward a central point, where they appear to
combine into a unified hologram. This creates an immersive
viewing experience when used with a smartphone or tablet
to play specially designed holographic videos. The resulting
visual effect is striking, allowing ordinary 2D content to be
transformed into a captivating 3D illusion.
This type of hologram display can be used for various

purposes, from enhancing home entertainment to serving as
an innovative decoration for events like Halloween.
Additionally, it’s a simple yet powerful demonstration of
optical principles that can be used in educational settings to
explain the behavior of light and reflections. The hologram
viewer offers a fun, creative way to blend technology with
art, turning everyday screens into magical displays.
1
AIM
The aim of this project is to create a simple,

cost-effective 3D hologram viewer using basic
materials and the optical principle of “Pepper’s
Ghost.” The project allows users to transform
2D holographic videos from a smartphone or
tablet into a captivating 3D visual experience.
By constructing a transparent pyramid, the
project seeks to demonstrate the science
behind light reflection and visual perception,
making it both an educational and entertaining
activity. It also aims to provide a creative way
to enhance home decorations or personalized
gifts, particularly for events like Halloween.
2
REQUIREMENTS
Apparatus Required:
1. Clear Plastic
2. Clear Tape
3. Scissor
4. Ruler
5. Pencil
6. Smartphone
3
THEORY
It works on the principle of "Pepper’s Ghost". Four
symmetrically opposite variations of the same image are
projected on to the four faces of the pyramid. By
principle of Optics ( An object in a mirror will appear to
stand as far inside the mirror as it is away from the
mirrors surface) , each side projects the image falling on
it, to the centre of the pyramid. The 4 projections
combined to form a whole figure which creates a 3D
image
The Pepper's ghost effect is an illusion technique that

makes a virtual image appear to come out of nowhere
and have depth. It's created by reflecting a real or
recorded image onto a transparent screen at a 45°
angle. The viewer sees a reflected image that can be
combined with real elements
4
This Pepper's Ghost activity, while not a true hologram,
takes much less technology and is a good exploration of
light and viewing angles.
Real Holograms are 3D images created by interference
of light beams. They should be able to be viewed from
any angle and allow the viewer to see the object from
multiple sides. Real holograms can be seen without the
need for special lenses, screens or other props.
5
PROCEDURE
Step 1: Make the Templates
Draw a trapezium with size 60mm x 35mm x 10mm.

1. Draw a vertical straight line on the graph paper
2. Mark two dots at 3cm right and left from the vertical
line.Then join them .( Base of the Trapezium )
3. Mark a dot on the vertical line 35mm above the base
line
4.Draw a 10mm line parallel to base.Then Join them to
make the complete Trapezium.
5. Cut out the templates with some margin on each
sides.
Now your Template is ready.
Step 2: Make 4 Trapezium Shapes
1. Use a clear plastic box for making the Pyramid

Surfaces.
2. Stick the Template on the Clear Sheet.
3. Use a scotch tape to stick it.
4. Then Cut out the marked portion by using a scissor.
5. Repeat the above process to make remaining three
shapes
6
Step 3: Join the 4 Shapes
Place the 4 shapes as shown in the picture below .

Join the four edges to form a pyramid shape.
Stick them together by using clear tape.
Now you have made yourself a hologram pyramid !
7
OBSERVATION
Open the Holographic Videos in your smart
phone.
Place the hologram pyramid in the middle of
your phone screen like shown in the above
pictures.
Align properly to get good result.
Don’t forget to switch off the lights in the room
before you start playing the video.
8
The working principle of a 3D hologram pyramid
is based on the reflection of light and the use of
a pyramid's sides as mirrors:
Light reflection: The pyramid's sides act as
mirrors that reflect the image at a 45° angle onto
a screen.
Pyramid structure: The pyramid's four sides
reflect the same image, which then comes
together inside the pyramid.
Stereoscopic image: The reflection of light on the
pyramid's sides creates a stereoscopic image
effect, making the image appear to float on the
screen.
The quality of the virtual image is affected by the
brightness and resolution of the projector
9
RESULT
The result of this project is a practical demonstration
of the physics behind light reflection and the optical
principle known as “Pepper’s Ghost.” By using a
transparent pyramid structure, the viewer leverages
the behavior of light at reflective surfaces to create a
stereoscopic effect. Light rays from a smartphone or
tablet screen strike the angled faces of the pyramid
at 45 degrees, reflecting and converging to form an
apparent 3D image floating within the pyramid.
This project effectively illustrates key concepts in

optics, including light reflection, angles of incidence,
and the formation of virtual images. The combination
of symmetrical projections ensures that the
reflected images merge seamlessly at the center of
the pyramid, producing a cohesive three-
dimensional illusion. The quality of the hologram
directly relates to the intensity, resolution, and
alignment of the light source, providing insights into
how optical clarity and image sharpness depend on
these parameters.
10
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this project provides a simple yet

effective way to create a 3D hologram viewer using
basic materials and the “Pepper’s Ghost” illusion. It
offers an exciting blend of science and creativity,
allowing users to transform 2D videos into captivating
3D holograms. Beyond its entertainment value, the
project serves as an educational tool to demonstrate
the principles of light and reflection. Whether used for
home decor, special events like Halloween, or as a fun,
interactive gift, this hologram viewer showcases the
fascinating potential of optical illusions in an accessible
and engaging way.
11
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.instructables.com/DIY-
Pyramid-Hologram/
www.1000sciencefairprojects.com
Oxford Concise Encyclopedia
12

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AIRPORT SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

With utmost gratitude, We extend our heartfelt

Her profound expertise and mentorship has breathed

We would like to take this opportunity to express our

Once again, thank you to everyone involved in

The pyramid shape plays a key role in directing these

This type of hologram display can be used for various

The aim of this project is to create a simple,

The Pepper's ghost effect is an illusion technique that

Draw a trapezium with size 60mm x 35mm x 10mm.

Step 2: Make 4 Trapezium Shapes

1. Use a clear plastic box for making the Pyramid

Place the 4 shapes as shown in the picture below .

Open the Holographic Videos in your smart

Place the hologram pyramid in the middle of

your phone screen like shown in the above

Align properly to get good result.

Don’t forget to switch off the lights in the room

before you start playing the video.

is based on the reflection of light and the use of

a pyramid's sides as mirrors:

Light reflection: The pyramid's sides act as

mirrors that reflect the image at a 45° angle onto

Pyramid structure: The pyramid's four sides

reflect the same image, which then comes

together inside the pyramid.

Stereoscopic image: The reflection of light on the

pyramid's sides creates a stereoscopic image

effect, making the image appear to float on the

The quality of the virtual image is affected by the

brightness and resolution of the projector

This project effectively illustrates key concepts in

In conclusion, this project provides a simple yet

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