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BTech
(SEM III) THEORY EXAMINATION 2023-24
PYTHON PROGRAMMING
Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 70
Note: 1. Attempt all Sections. If require any missing data; then choose suitably.

SECTION A

1. Attempt all questions in brief. 2 x 7 = 14

Q no. Question Marks C
O
a. Describe the concept of list comprehension with a suitable example. 2 1

List comprehension is a concise and elegant way of creating lists in

Python. It allows you to create a new list by applying an expression to
each element of an existing iterable (such as a list, tuple, or range) and
filtering the elements based on certain conditions.

Eg:
#Creating a list of squares of numbers from 1 to 5 using list
comprehension
squares = [x ** 2 for x in range(1, 6)]
print(squares) # Output: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
b. Differentiate between / and // operator with an example. 2 2

In Python, both the / and // operators are used for division, but they
behave differently depending on the types of operands and the desired
result.

1. Division Operator (/):

- The / operator performs regular division, and it always returns a
floating-point result.
- It performs true division regardless of the types of operands.

# Eg: Regular division (/)

result = 10 / 3
print(result) # Output: 3.3333333333333335

2. Floor Division Operator (//):

- The // operator performs floor division, and it returns the floor of the
division result as an integer.
- It truncates the decimal part and returns the integer quotient.

# Eg: Floor division (//)

result = 10 // 3
print(result) # Output: 3

c. Compute the output of the following python code: 2 3

def count(s):
 for str in string.split():

return s
print(count ))

Error will be generated

NameError: name 'string' is not defined
d. How to use the functions defined in library.py in main.py 2 4

To use functions defined in a Python file (library.py) within another

Python file (main.py), we need to import the module library in
main.py and then access the functions using dot notation.

# library.py

def greet(name):
return f Hello, {name}!

def add(a, b):

return a + b

# main.py
import library

# Call the greet function from library.py

print(library.greet( Kumar ))

# Call the add function from library.py

result = library.add(10, 20)
print( Result of addition: , result)
e. Describe the difference between linspace and argspace. 2 5

We use linspace when we need a specified number of evenly spaced

points over a given interval.
We use arange when we need a sequence of numbers with a specified
step size within a given range.

f. Explain why the program generates an error. 2 4

x[0] *= 3

The program generates an error because of the difference in mutability

between strings and lists in Python, as well as an attempt to modify a
string in place.

x[0] *= 3: This line tries to multiply the string '12' three times and assign
the result back to x[0]. In Python, the *= operator on strings
concatenates the string with itself multiple times. So, '12' * 3 results in
'121212'. Therefore, x[0] becomes '121212', and there is no error here.

x[1][1] = 'bye': This line tries to modify the second character of the
string 'hello' to 'bye'. However, strings in Python are immutable,
 meaning you cannot modify them in place. Therefore, this line will raise
an error.
g. Describe about different functions of matplotlib and pandas. 2 5

Both Matplotlib and Pandas are popular libraries for data visualization
and data manipulation, respectively. Let's discuss the different functions
provided by each library:
Matplotlib:
Matplotlib is a comprehensive library for creating static, interactive, and
animated visualizations. It provides a wide range of functions for
creating plots, charts, histograms, scatterplots, and more.
Pandas:
Pandas is a powerful library for data manipulation and analysis. It
provides data structures like DataFrame and Series, along with a variety
of functions for data cleaning, transformation, aggregation, and
visualization.

SECTION B

2. Attempt any three of the following: 7 x 3 = 21

Q no. Question Marks CO
a. Illustrate Unpacking tuples, mutable sequences, and string 7 1
concatenation with examples.

Unpacking Tuples:
Tuple unpacking allows you to assign the elements of a tuple to
individual variables. It's a convenient way to extract values from a tuple.

# Eg: Unpacking a tuple

t = (1, 2, 3)
a, b, c = t
print(a) # Output: 1
print(b) # Output: 2
print(c) # Output: 3

# Eg: Unpacking a tuple with * operator

t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
a, *b, c = t
print(a) # Output: 1
print(b) # Output: [2, 3, 4]
print(c) # Output: 5

Mutable Sequences:
Mutable sequences in Python are data structures that can be modified
after creation. Lists are the most common mutable sequence in Python.

# Eg: Modifying a list

my_list = [1, 2, 3]
my_list[0] = 10
print(my_list) # Output: [10, 2, 3]

# Example: Appending to a list

 my_list.append(4)
print(my_list) # Output: [10, 2, 3, 4]

String Concatenation:
String concatenation is the process of combining two or more strings
into a single string.

# Eg: Concatenating strings

str1 = "Hello"
str2 = "World"
result = str1 + " " + str2
print(result) # Output: Hello World

# Eg: Using join() method for string concatenation

words = ["Hello", "World"]
result = " ".join(words)
print(result) # Output: Hello World

b. Illustrate different list slicing constructs for the following 7 2

operations on the following list:
L = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
1. Return a list of numbers starting from the last to second item
of the list
2. Return a list that start from 3rd item to second last item.
3. Return a list that has only even position elements of list L to
list M.
4. Return a list that starts from the middle of the list L.
5. Return a list that reverses all the elements starting from
element at index 0 to middle index only and return the entire
list.
6. Divide each element of the list by 2 and replace it with the
remainder.

The output of the following python code:

L = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

1. Return a list of numbers starting from the last to second item of the
list
slice1 = L[-1:-3:-1]
print(slice1) # Output: [9, 8]

2. Return a list that starts from 3rd item to second last item.
slice2 = L[2:-1]
print(slice2) # Output: [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

3. Return a list that has only even position elements of list L to list M.
M = L[1::2]
print(M) # Output: [2, 4, 6, 8]

4. Return a list that starts from the middle of the list L.

mid_index = len(L) // 2
slice3 = L[mid_index:]
print(slice3) # Output: [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
 5. Return a list that reverses all the elements starting from element at
index 0 to middle index only and return the entire list.
mid = len(L)//2
M = L[mid::-1]+ L[mid+1:]
print(M) # Output: [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 6, 7, 8, 9]

6. Divide each element of the list by 2 and replace it with the remainder.
remainder_list = [num % 2 for num in L]
print(remainder_list) # Output: [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]

c. Construct a function perfect_square(number) that returns a 7 3

number if it is a perfect square otherwise it returns -1.
For example:
perfect_square(1) returns 1
perfect_square (2) returns -1

def perfect_square(number):
sqrt_num = int(number ** 0.5) # Calculate the integer square root
if sqrt_num * sqrt_num == number: # Check if the square of the
integer square root equals the original number
return number
else:
return -1

# Test cases
print(perfect_square(1)) # Output: 1
print(perfect_square(2)) # Output: -1
d. Construct a program to change the contents of the file by separating 7 4
each character by comma:

Hello!!

Output
H,e,l,l,o,!,!

# Open the input file in read mode and output file in write mode
with open("input.txt", "r") as input_file, open("output.txt", "w") as
output_file:
# Read the contents of the input file character by character
for char in input_file.read():
# Write the character followed by a comma to the output file
output_file.write(char + ",")

# input.txt
Contents of the file have been separated by comma and written to
output.txt.

#output.txt
C,o,n,t,e,n,t,s, ,o,f, ,t,h,e, ,f,i,l,e, ,h,a,v,e, ,b,e,e,n, ,s,e,p,a,r,a,t,e,d, ,b,y,
,c,o,m,m,a, ,a,n,d, ,w,r,i,t,t,e,n, ,t,o, ,o,u,t,p,u,t,.,t,x,t,
e. Construct a plot for following dataset using matplotlib : 7 5
 Calorie Potassiu
Food s m fat
Meat 250 40 8
Banana 130 55 5
Avocados 140 20 3
Sweet
Potatoes 120 30 6
Spinach 20 40 1
Watermelo
n 20 32 1.5
Coconut
water 10 10 0
Beans 50 26 2
Legumes 40 25 1.5
Tomato 19 20 2.5

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Define the dataset

foods = ['Meat', 'Banana', 'Avocados', 'Sweet Potatoes', 'Spinach',
'Watermelon', 'Coconut water', 'Beans', 'Legumes', 'Tomato']
calories = [250, 130, 140, 120, 20, 20, 10, 50, 40, 19]
potassium = [40, 55, 20, 30, 40, 32, 10, 26, 25, 20]
fat = [8, 5, 3, 6, 1, 1.5, 0, 2, 1.5, 2.5]

# Create subplots for each numerical column

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))

# Subplot for Calories

plt.subplot(1, 3, 1)
plt.barh(foods, calories, color='skyblue')
plt.xlabel('Calories')
plt.title('Calories in Foods')

# Subplot for Potassium

plt.subplot(1, 3, 2)
plt.barh(foods, potassium, color='lightgreen')
plt.xlabel('Potassium')
plt.title('Potassium in Foods')

# Subplot for Fat

plt.subplot(1, 3, 3)
plt.barh(foods, fat, color='salmon')
plt.xlabel('Fat')
plt.title('Fat in Foods')

# Adjust layout and display the plot

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
 SECTION C
3. Attempt any one part of the following: 7x1=7
Q no. Question Marks CO
a. Determine a python function removenth(s,n) that takes an input a 7 1
string and an integer n>=0 and removes a character at index n. If n
is beyond the length of s, then whole s is returned. For example:

) returns MNGO

def removenth(s, n):

if n < 0 or n >= len(s): # Check if n is within the valid range
return s # Return the original string if n is beyond the length of s
else:
return s[:n] + s[n+1:] # Return the string with character at index n
removed

# Test cases
print(removenth("MANGO", 1)) # Output: MNGO
print(removenth("MANGO", 3)) # Output: MANO

b. Construct a program that accepts a comma separated sequence of 7 1

words as input and prints the words in a comma-separated sequence
after sorting them alphabetically.
Suppose the following input is supplied to the program:
without, hello, bag, world
Then, the output should be:
bag, hello, without, world

def sort_words(input_str):
# Split the input string into a list of words
words = input_str.split(", ")

# Sort the list of words alphabetically

sorted_words = sorted(words)

# Join the sorted words into a comma-separated string

sorted_str = ", ".join(sorted_words)
 return sorted_str

# Test the function with example input

input_str = "without, hello, bag, world"
output_str = sort_words(input_str)
print(output_str) # Output: bag, hello, without, world

4. Attempt any one part of the following: 7x1=7

Q no. Question Marks CO
a. A website requires the users to input username and password to 7 2
register. Construct a program to check the validity of password
input by users.
Following are the criteria for checking the password:
1. At least 1 letter between [a-z]
2. At least 1 number between [0-9]
3. At least 1 letter between [A-Z]
4. At least 1 character from [$#@]
5. Minimum length of transaction password: 6
6. Maximum length of transaction password: 12
Your program should accept a sequence of comma separated
passwords and will check them according to the above criteria.
Passwords that match the criteria are to be printed, each separated
by a comma.

import re

passwords = input("Type in: ")

passwords = passwords.split(",")

accepted_pass = []
for i in passwords:

if len(i) < 6 or len(i) > 12:

continue

elif not re.search("([a-z])+", i):

continue

elif not re.search("([A-Z])+", i):

continue

elif not re.search("([0-9])+", i):

continue

elif not re.search("([!@$%^&])+", i):

continue

else:
accepted_pass.append(i)

print((" ").join(accepted_pass))
 b. Explore the working of while, and for loop with examples. 7 2

Both while and for loops are control flow constructs in Python used for
iteration. They help execute a block of code repeatedly until a certain
condition is met (while loop) or until the elements of a sequence have
been exhausted (for loop).

while loop:
The while loop repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a specified
condition evaluates to True.

Syntax:
while condition:
# code block

Eg:
# Print numbers from 1 to 5 using a while loop
num = 1
while num <= 5:
print(num)
num += 1

for loop:
The for loop iterates over the elements of a sequence (such as lists,
tuples, strings, etc.) or any iterable object, executing a block of code for
each element.

Syntax:
for element in sequence:
# code block

Eg:
# Print each character of a string using a for loop
word = "Hello"
for char in word:
print(char)

5. Attempt any one part of the following: 7x1=7

Q no. Question Marks CO
a. Construct a function ret_smaller(l) that returns smallest list from a 7 3
nested list. If two lists have same length then return the first list that
is encountered. For example:

ret_smaller([ [ -2, -1, 0, 0.12, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6 , 7, 8, 9, 10], [11, 12,
13, 14, 15]]) returns [3,4,5]
ret_smaller([ [ -2, -
9, 10], [11, 12, 13, 14, 15]]) returns [6 , 7, 8, 9, 10]

def ret_smaller(l):
# Initialize the smallest list variable with the first sublist
smallest_list = l[0]

# Iterate through each sublist in the nested list

 for sublist in l:
# Compare the length of the current sublist with the length of the
smallest sublist found so far
if len(sublist) < len(smallest_list):
# If the current sublist is smaller, update the smallest_list
variable
smallest_list = sublist
# If the lengths are the same, keep the first encountered sublist
elif len(sublist) == len(smallest_list) and l.index(sublist) <
l.index(smallest_list):
smallest_list = sublist

return smallest_list

# Test the function

nested_list1 = [[-2, -1, 0, 0.12, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9, 10], [11, 12,
13, 14, 15]]
result1 = ret_smaller(nested_list1)
print(result1) # Output: [3, 4, 5]

nested_list2 = [[-2, -1, 0, 0.12, 1, 2], ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9,
10], [11, 12, 13, 14, 15]]
result2 = ret_smaller(nested_list2)
print(result2) # Output: [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

b. Construct following filters: 7 3

1. Filter all the numbers
2. Filter all the strings starting with a vowel
3. Filter all the strings that contains any of the following noun:
Agra, Ramesh, Tomato, Patna.
Create a program that implements these filters to clean the text.

# Function to filter all the numbers

def filter_numbers(text):
return [word for word in text if word.isdigit()]

# Function to filter all the strings starting with a vowel

def filter_strings_starting_with_vowel(text):
vowels = {'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'}
return [word for word in text if word[0].lower() in vowels]

# Function to filter all the strings that contain any of the specified nouns
def filter_strings_containing_nouns(text):
nouns = {'Agra', 'Ramesh', 'Tomato', 'Patna'}
return [word for word in text if any(noun in word for noun in nouns)]

# Test text
text = ["apple", "123", "Agra", "banana", "Ramesh", "tomato", "1234",
"Patna", "orange"]

# Apply filters
filtered_numbers = filter_numbers(text)
filtered_vowel_strings = filter_strings_starting_with_vowel(text)
filtered_noun_strings = filter_strings_containing_nouns(text)
 # Print results
print("Filtered numbers:", filtered_numbers)
print("Strings starting with a vowel:", filtered_vowel_strings)
print("Strings containing specified nouns:", filtered_noun_strings)

6. Attempt any one part of the following: 7x1=7

Q no. Question Marks CO
a. Change all the numbers in the file to text. Construct a program for 7 4
the same.
Example:
Given 2 integer numbers, return their product only if the product
is equal to or lower than 10.

And the result should be:

Given two integer numbers, return their product only if the product
is equal to or lower than one zero

def number_to_text(number):
# Define a dictionary to map numbers to text
num_to_text = {
'0': 'zero', '1': 'one', '2': 'two', '3': 'three', '4': 'four',
'5': 'five', '6': 'six', '7': 'seven', '8': 'eight', '9': 'nine'
}

# Convert each digit of the number to text and join them

return ''.join(num_to_text[digit] for digit in str(number) if digit in
num_to_text)

def convert_numbers_to_text(file_path):
# Read the content of the file
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
content = file.read()

# Replace all numbers in the content with their text equivalent

modified_content = ''.join(
number_to_text(int(c)) if c.isdigit() else c for c in content
)

# Write the modified content back to the file

with open(file_path, 'w') as file:
file.write(modified_content)

# Test the function with a file containing numbers

file_path = 'example.txt' # Specify the path to your file
convert_numbers_to_text(file_path)
print("Numbers converted to text successfully.")
b. Construct a program which accepts a sequence of words separated 7 4
by whitespace as file input. Print the words composed of digits only.

def print_words_with_digits(file_path):
# Read the content of the file
 with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
content = file.read()

# Split the content into words

words = content.split()

# Filter words containing only digits

words_with_digits = [word for word in words if word.isdigit()]

# Print the words composed of digits only

if words_with_digits:
print("Words composed of digits only:")
for word in words_with_digits:
print(word)
else:
print("No words composed of digits found.")

# Test the function with a file containing words separated by whitespace

file_path = 'example.txt' # Specify the path to your file
print_words_with_digits(file_path)

7. Attempt any one part of the following: 7x1=7

Q no. Question Marks CO
a. Construct a program to read cities.csv dataset, remove last column 7 5
and save it in an array. Save the last column to another array. Plot
the first two columns.

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Step 1: Read the CSV file

df = pd.read_csv('cities.csv')

# Step 2: Remove the last column and save it to a separate array

last_column = df.iloc[:, -1]
df_without_last_column = df.iloc[:, :-1]

# Step 3: Plot the first two columns

plt.scatter(df_without_last_column.iloc[:, 0],
df_without_last_column.iloc[:, 1])
plt.xlabel(df.columns[0])
plt.ylabel(df.columns[1])
plt.title("Scatter plot of the first two columns")
plt.show()
b. Design a calculator with the following buttons and functionalities 7 5
like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and clear.
#Description: Create Calculator using tkinter
from tkinter import *
from tkmacosx import Button # not required for windows and linux
root = Tk()
root.title("Calculator")
root.geometry("240x340")
root.configure(bg="#333333")
root.resizable(0,0)
entry = None
expression = ""
#Define functions for the buttons
def press_0():
entry.insert(END,"0")
def press_1():
entry.insert(END,"1")
def press_2():
entry.insert(END,"2")
def press_3():
entry.insert(END,"3")
def press_4():
entry.insert(END,"4")
def press_5():
entry.insert(END,"5")
def press_6():
entry.insert(END,"6")
def press_7():
entry.insert(END,"7")
def press_8():
entry.insert(END,"8")
def press_9():
entry.insert(END,"9")

def press_plus():
entry.insert(END,"+")

def press_minus():
 entry.insert(END,"-")

def press_multiply():
entry.insert(END,"*")

def press_divide():
entry.insert(END,"/")

def press_equal():
global expression
expression = entry.get()
entry.delete(0,END)
entry.insert(0,eval(expression))

def press_clear():
entry.delete(0,END)

#Add widgets
# create a menubar
menubar = Menu(root)
root.config(menu=menubar)
# create a menu
file_menu = Menu(menubar)
# add a menu item to the menu
file_menu.add_command(
label='Exit',
command=root.destroy
)
# add the File menu to the menubar
menubar.add_cascade(
label="File",
menu=file_menu
)

#Entry box for displaying the values and results

entry = Entry(root,font=("Times New Roman",12))

#Labels from 0 to 2
label_0 = Label(root, text="0",bg="#333333",fg="white",font=("Times
New Roman",12))
label_1 = Label(root, text="1",bg="#333333",fg="white",font=("Times
New Roman",12))
label_2 = Label(root, text="2",bg="#333333",fg="white",font=("Times
New Roman",12))
#Buttons from 0 to 2, +
button_0 =
Button(root,text="0",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("T
imes New Roman",12),command=press_0)
button_1 =
Button(root,text="1",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("T
imes New Roman",12),command=press_1)
button_2 =
Button(root,text="2",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("T
imes New Roman",12),command=press_2)
button_3 =
Button(root,text="3",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("T
imes New Roman",12),command=press_3)
button_4 =
Button(root,text="4",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("T
imes New Roman",12),command=press_4)
button_5 =
Button(root,text="5",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("T
imes New Roman",12),command=press_5)
button_6 =
Button(root,text="6",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("T
imes New Roman",12),command=press_6)
button_7 =
Button(root,text="7",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("T
imes New Roman",12),command=press_7)
button_8 =
Button(root,text="8",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("T
imes New Roman",12),command=press_8)
button_9 =
Button(root,text="9",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("T
imes New Roman",12),command=press_9)

button_plus =
Button(root,text="+",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("
Times New Roman",12),command=press_plus)
button_minus = Button(root,text="-
",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("Times New
Roman",12),command=press_minus)
button_multiply =
Button(root,text="*",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("T
imes New Roman",12),command=press_multiply)
button_divide =
Button(root,text="/",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("T
imes New Roman",12),command=press_divide)

button_equal =
Button(root,text="=",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font=("
Times New Roman",12),command=press_equal)
button_clear =
Button(root,text="Clear",bg="#A73278",fg="white",borderless=1,font
=("Times New Roman",12),command=press_clear)

#Placing widgets on the window

entry.grid(row=0,column=0,columnspan=3,sticky="news",pady=40)

button_1.grid(row=1,column=0)
button_2.grid(row=1,column=1)
button_3.grid(row=1,column=2)
button_4.grid(row=2,column=0)
button_5.grid(row=2,column=1)
button_6.grid(row=2,column=2)
button_7.grid(row=3,column=0)
button_8.grid(row=3,column=1)
button_9.grid(row=3,column=2)
button_0.grid(row=4,column=0,columnspan=3)
button_plus.grid(row=5,column=0)
button_minus.grid(row=5,column=1)
button_multiply.grid(row=5,column=2)
button_divide.grid(row=6,column=0)
button_equal.grid(row=6,column=1)
button_clear.grid(row=6,column=2)
root.mainloop()