Popular Radio 1923 12
Popular Radio 1923 12
Popular Radio 1923 12
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-_ -
Ix this )oit&eJ-
How íoWad.aDiagram.-
How to Build. a Sín4ale Costal Set-
How to Built the 5uterbtrneR
-lLeceivei
=m -ieNar
AIM .I _-! _.,19_
With aC&W
Receiver
-
Once you know the real thrill of Radio -once a slight turn
of the dial gives you New York Atlanta -San Francisco
-you'll never be content to possess any but the most
highly selective receiver -the set that will GET YOUR C & W Receiver 1 IA-(Armstrong
Patent). A 3 -tube, special double cir-
STATION if the station is to be had. cuit set. Note the simplicity of
parts. Easily operated- remarkably
This is why you will sooner or later choose a genuine long range and clear reception -the
C & W Receiver -built by two of America's foremost set used in the famous C & W selec-
tivity tests. Uses 6 -volt storage bat-
radio engineers-designers of U. S. Naval and Marine tery. All wires back connected. Price
(without batteries or tubes). .$135
Equipment -men who have been building the highest
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why experiment?
Washington Radio Corp.
Minneapolis, Minn.
1
Please men /ion POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
1Ì'IORDARSQN
KENNEDY Vhe v2oyacty NIof' Jta dio
The Colin B. Kennedy
Co., internationally
renowned for their
QUALITY RECEIV-
ING SETS, are equip-,,
ping all their sets with
Thordarson super -
transformers.
NV
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The Zenith Radio Corporation,
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sUPER TRAIiSFORMEe
3
POPULAR RADIO
EDITED by KENDALL BANNING
DEPARTMENTS
What Readers Ask 512
In the Work s Laboratories 518
Hints for Amateurs..'..... 526
Broadcasts 528
Listening In 531
Facts You Hunt For 537
4
Please n7el/liÓ{ Purt;LAR RADIO when
ans.rcriag advertisements.
or the ear
1)16.5.a;,t 5ounc75 is
, c]esire
naturd7. "
_.
.
5
PAGES WITH THE EDITOR
OUT of the wilds of Canada comes a letter w-boie a personal grudge ag:.: u_ a certain
from an Irate Reader who peremptori - author who had inconsiderately ma: -:Pd. the
his subscription cancel use of "the Irate Subscriber's sweetheart. And once
tacit approval of boo egging and contempt of lost an Irate Subscriber because an illustration
the law expressed ,j an article by "a writer in the magazine showed a man firing a re-
called WilliantL.U1 our September number. volver-and the Irate Subscriber, being an
* * * avowed pacifist, disapproved even of pictures
of guns! And once he lost an Irate Sub-
So far as the Editor knows, this cancellation scriber who was a Catholic and didn't believe
is the first one ever received from an Irate that the magazine should employ a Jew as sub-
Subscriber by POPULAR RADIO. It is at least a scription agent -or perhaps it was the other
gratification to know that the irritation was way around.
not occasioned by a technical error in our * * *
pages or by a misstatement of a fact! BUT no amount of cancellations of subscrip-
tions or advertising -(and, contrariwise, no
* * *
CANCELLATIONS due to a subscriber's dis-
agreement with a point of view expressed by
amount of promises of contracts for either)
will divert the editorial policy of POPULAR
-
RADIO or lead the Editor to publish or to sup-
a contributor are so rare -particularly in
scientific magazines which appeal primarily to press an honest opinion.
open -minded seekers of the truth-as to at- * * *
tract comment. The Editor does not and ob- THE editorial pages of POPULAR RADIO arc
viously cannot commit either himself or the not for sale -to subscribers or to advertisers.
magazine to the opinions of the contributors. * * *
If any considerable portion of our readers
shared our Canadian reader's censorious mental
attitude, what in the world would have hap-
As this paragraph is being written, the cash
price of POPULAR RADIO is 250,000,000 marks
although, of course, that trifling sum is no
-
pened to our large and growing subscription criterion of its value. "I wouldn't sell my
list following the famous controversy in our May number for $10.00," writes an enthusiastic
pages between Sir Oliver Lodge and Dr. reader from Bethel, Conn. . . . Um! let's
Charles P. Steinmetz on the Ether Hypothe- see, that's about 10,000,000,000 marks, isn't it?
sis? Or between Dr. Elihu Thomson, Sir * * *
Oliver Lodge, General Squier and Dr. Reginald
A. Fessenden on the Gliding Wave Theory? THE author of the article on page 504 of
* * *
this issue of POPULAR RADIO, John V. L.
Hogan, is not only one of the most capable
As a matter of fact, "a writer named Wil- and widely experienced of radio experts in the
liams" merely made the parenthetical observa- world, but is adding to his scientific laurels
tion (in his article descriptive of the broad- an occasional sprig or two from the world of
casting of his play) that "fortunately" Mr. literature. His latest book, "The Outline of
Volstead's efforts to suppress cocktails were Radio," is perhaps the most understandable
unsuccessful. This point of view is reported yet authoritative volume on the subject that
to be held by several million pretty good the Editor has yet seen -comparable only to
Americans and apparently too by a good many "Radio for Everyone" by our own Laurence
Canadians, who are presumably just as sincere M. Cockaday. And no praise could be fairer
in their convictions as is the Irate Subscriber. than that!
POPULAR RADIO neither disapproves nor en- * * *
dorses these opinions. Furthermore, the Edi- OUR enterprising subscription manager tells
tor expects to publish other opinions, pro- the Editor that he has arranged with numer-
vided that the contributors are persons of ous publishers for filling orders for POPULAR
standing whose views command consideration. RADIO, in combination with other magazines,
* * * at special club rates.
"A WRITER called Williams," in this case hap- "Our readers will profit well by taking ad-
pens to be the internationally known novelist,
vantage of some of these clubbing offers and
Jesse Lynch Williams, Doctor of Letters, filling the magazine requirements of their
president of the Authors' League of America, whole family for the coming year" he re-
member of the National Institute of Arts and ports. "These special units, as announced in
Letters, a writer and publicist who has been our advertisement in the current number, are
honored by institutions of learning and a priced lower than they can ever be priced
dramatist who is known here and abroad for again, and the offers are for a very limited
his keen understanding of present -day people time only. Why not tell our readers about
and present -day problems. them in Pages with the Editor ?"
* * *
* * *
\VHY not, indeed?
ONCE, when the Editor was on the staff of
another magzaine, he lost an Irate Subscriber (Continued on page 8)
6
.t
7
PAGES WITH THE EDITOR
(Continued from page G)
From a It
photograph made for Pllrrl.AR
A CORNER OF THE EXPERIMENTAL LABORATORY OF POPULAR RADIO
Before the Technical Editor's article oit the super -heterodyne receiver was written,
the set was designed, built and put into successful operation. Then the Technical
Editor told in detail how it was donc.
he rlcs
No clost. Popular
tvk 'Satter.» Charger
such a gut, appropriately dressed up
battery in the simplest, quickest and in
Is a beautiful Christmas package, too. It charges any AUTO. RADIO or "II" storage
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-
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liquid type rectifier. Will charge any radio or automobile 7. Safe -No danger or shock or fire. Tested and approved by
battery for a nickel. Fire Insurance Underwriters everywhere. Gives tapering
3. Quick -Its high charging rate of 7 amperes eliminates long charge-will not o enceat iniu uv buttery.
waiting for battery to become charged. Will charge any "A" 8. Beautiful-Mahogany and [ Gold Finish.
attery over night, or three times as fast as a a -ampere 9. Unqualifiedly Guaranteed.
machine 10. Popularly Priced -Retails at $18.5o complete ($25.00
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GOLD SEAL HOMCHARCERS In their attractive Xmas packages are going to be "best sellers" to the
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$125
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KENNEDY ghel2oyalty
10
From n photograph made for POPULAR RADIO
THE NEW
RADIO MOVIES
In this authoritative article dr. Davis describes for the first time an
invention that some scientists believe to be one of the most important
ever made in the whole science of radio. It is not too much to say that
it may result in permitting you to actually sec any part of the world -its
people, its street scenes, its great events and spectacles -without leaving
your own fireside.
By WATSON DAVIS
437
438 POPULAR RADIO
high speed. The light fell on an open- receives are translated into variations in
ing in a rectangular box, supported, electric current, just as the variations in
much like a small camera, on a heavy sound that enter the telephone trans-
tripod placed half way across the room. mitter exit upon the wires as variations
From the black box oit the tripod wires in electric current. The shadow of the
ran to a radio transmitting set that was moving fingers, now in the form of
heavily screened to keep stray and varying electric current, was fed into
troublesome electric currents from get- the radio transmitting set and handled
ting in the way. When a wave of the in exactly the same way as hundreds
hand was to be transmitted, Mr. Jen- of jazz concerts are broadcast every
kins simply inserted his fingers into the night.
space where the lantern slide holder The receiving antenna in the case of
of the ordinary stereopticon is placed. this demonstration was only a few feet
The object of the whirling disk and away from the sending antenna on the
stereopticon, Mr. Jenkins told me, was roof of the Jenkins laboratory, but for
to impress the shadow of the moving a short distance that wave of a hand
fingers and hand, portion by portion, went through the ether in the form of
upon the. light- sensitive cell that was radio waves. After being picked up by
contained in the camera -like black box the receiving radio set, these impulses
on the tripod. How this is done will were changed back into an electric cur-
be explained later. But the result is rent and sent to the radio- vision receiv-
that the variations in light that this cell ing set.
POPULAR RADIO 439
This receiving apparatus consisted of The human eye is easily pleased and
just four essentials : a lamp that changed slurs over minute imperfections. All .
Lines, not dots as in the halftone, by radio apparatus. One disk covers
very close together, are the structure the picture in one direction while the
of both pictures and vision by radio. other covers it at right angles to the
These lines of light are swept across first, and one of these disks operates
the progressing picture by the whirling many times faster than the other so
disks. Light is the paint and the whirl- that the effect, in both sending and
ing disk is the brush in radio pictures receiving, is the drawing of lines across
and vision. the picture very close to each other.
In the Jenkins apparatus for trans- In sending still pictures, this operation
mitting still pictures, the whirling disk takes about a minute.
has a prism curled around its circum- To transmit motion, the sending must
ference. Prismatic lenses, as almost all be speeded up so that at least sixteen
of us have observed, have a way of per- pictures arc transmitted each second
suading light to deviate from its straight instead of one picture in several min-
path. The disks used in transmitting utes. Compared with this, ordinary mo-
still pictures by radio are made entirely tion pictures. stich as we see in theaters,
of glass, and the prismatic lens is are comparatively simple. At the movies
ground on the circumference. This is, whole photographs are projected on the
however, The equivalent of many lenses screen all at once, and they are thrown
since it is of varying thickness. And on and taken off so rapidly that the eye
this causes a beam of light, projected can not detect the separate projections
through it while it revolves, to be swept but blends them together into continu-
from one side to the other or up and ous motion of the objects in the picture.
down. In radio vision the picture is projected
Two of these disks are used to project on the screen portion by portion, but to
the photograph upon the transmitting produce the effect of motion or actual
light- sensitive cell in Jenkins' pictures vision a complete picture must be built
-Au Act
AS IT WAS SENT -
This is the original Chinese message that was
-AND AS IT WAS RECEIVED
This is the message as it was received by the
handed to the radio operator for transmission radio operator and handed to its Chinese ad-
at the sending station. Its Chinese significance dressee; it is practically a perfect reproduction
is "Ten thousand joys on your journey." in somewhat grayer lone.
POPULAR RADIO 441
up every sixteenth of a second. Pris- and vertical motion of the light was ob-
matic disks that produce only one pic- tained. The forty -eight lenses forming
ture a minute are obviously too slow. a prism of varying angles shifted the
So Mr. Jenkins has devised a new scene once horizontally, while each con-
form or disk, that contains lenses that vex lens by its vertical motion swept the
combine the function of covering the scene over the light- sensitive cell in
picture vertically and horizontally. In one - forty -eighth the time of the hori-
the apparatus that he demonstrated, the zontal shift. Thus each scene was im-
disk was so made as to produce one pressed on the cell as forty -eight hori-
complete picture with each revolution. zontal 'lines spaced close together. The
It contained forty -eight lenses in all. speed necessary for the production of
Each of these was, in effect, a combi- continuous motion in the 'radio- vision
nation of a rather flat convex lens and receiving apparatus was sixteen revolu-
a prismatic lens. The lenses varied by tions a second or 960 r.p.m.
having the prismatic part thick on oñe Exactly the reverse process takes
edge for the first lens and then gradu- place in the radio- vision receiver. The
ally changing their angles until the dismembered scene enters the lamp of
thickness was on the other edge for the the receiver as a fluctuating current,
last or forty-eighth lens. For all lenses strong where the light of the transmit-
the convex portion was the same. Thus ted scene was strong, weak where it
in this compound lens both horizontal was weak. Faithfully the lamp repro-
-
442 POPULAR RADIO.
r-
battery G, is modulated by the light and sent out by radio in the usual way.
duces light, and the whirling disk with receiver must vary quickly with varia-
its dual -purpose lenses sweeps the scene tions in the incoming current. The or-
on the screen just as its twin in the dinary lamp that is speedy enough for
transmitter swept it on the light- sensi- still pictures by radio can not make the
tive cell. pace necessary for radio vision. Mr.
It is a shadowy wave of the hand or Jenkins is using a corona glow lamp,
movement of the fingers that is pro- in which the gas around the internal
duced. A picture composed of only a electrodes gives off the light. The
few horizontal lines, varying in light lamps are filled with neon, one of the
intensity along their lengths, can not rare inert gases. With this kind of
be expected to be very distinct or de- lamp the lag is sufficiently small but the
tailed.
But even shadowy motion such as
intensity of light is not great and ef-
forts are being made to obtain lamps
\ -
was produced was a demonstration of of the same principle that are more
the important possibilities that the suitable.
method holds. Increase the number of
lenses that produce each picture to
The question of synchronism, of
keeping the disks of the transmitting
--
several hundred and the detail will and receiving sets running exactly to-
come. gether, Mr. Jenkins says, .is a simpler
In another important way, the radio- problem in radio vision than in radio
vision apparatus differs from the radio- transmission of pictures. The pulleys
pictures outfit. The light source in the used are conical and the speed of the
POPULAR RADIO 443
disks.. can be regulated by sliding .the:_ our being. able. to see in New York at
belt slightly to such a degree that .syn- ,.
. nine o'clock -in the morning what "will
chronism can be obtained more ,
easily occur" the sane afternoon at two
than the picture is" framed in ordinary - - o'clock in London: -
motion-picture projection today. In " Mr: Jenkins simply moved his hand
the experimental set that was demon and fingers when he made his demon-
stràted, disks of both the transmitting stration: With those moving shadows
and receiving sets were driven from the- radioed on the screen; -I could hardly re-
same motor for the sake of simplicity frain- from hoping that he would form
in operation. a shadowy rabbit or bird with a long
.. The transmission of pantomime by neck or some other strange animal 'Such
'radio has been accomplished. There Is as all of us have made or seen .for: the
no reason why the receiver should not
. amusement of children. Tony Sarg and
have been in New York rather than in his marionettes might well prodùce.
Washington next to the radio- vision
: pantomime by. radio vision when the
transmitting set. . process is' slightly perfected.
The perfection of. the .invention has . In fact, it is a hope of Mr. Jenkins
not.. yet reached the point where- actual that he will be able to: devise a low -
.
scenes in all their lights and shadows priced piece- cif apparatus that will take
can he reproduced or motion pictures pantomime entertainment' into the home
distributed to the hearth and home. Rut just as bedtime radio stories now are
the experimental apparatus devised by received with sal munch glee by eager
Mr. Jenkins gives promise eventually of childish Pars.
Sadel & Ilerbcrt
YOUTHFUL RADIO AMATEUR WHO
A
SERVED HIS COUNTRY IN WARTIME
Wendell Kilmer, whose station 2KX is known to amateurs in the cast, rode his
hobby to such good effect while the German-owned station at Sayville, Long Island,
New York, was in operation that he was given special permission to operate during
the war period.
through which the lane wound, the ate tip of my tongue with the small
feeling of complete isolation which Often end of 'each cork; a sleek, perfumed
assailed me as a child on the little "watch peddler" who carried cases of.
farm in the snug and verdant Bear marvelous pocket timepieces, pillowed
Creek Valley. How easy it had been, against dainty satin; and a glib and
then, to imagine myself a Robinson merry Irish vender of linens and laces.
Crusoe cut off from all contact or com- These exciting visits were, in the main,
munication with the great world of mÿ world contacts.
busy, happy human beings who did not As I sat on the moss-grown rock
know solitude, isolation, loneliness. taking stock of the limitations of my
This recollection was so vivid, so
compelling, that I sat on a moss -grown
boulder to give a few minutes of pity
to the small boy who had felt so much
alone, so wholly separated from the
great world outside Bear Creek Valley,
in the years of my country childhood.
Instantly I was drawn into a survey,
an inventory, of my contacts with "the
world without." Of a truth they were
pitifully meager: the regular Sabbath
pilgrimage to the little white church in
the village of Stockton. If a returned
missionary, intent on drawing a few
dollars from the congregation, was per-
mitted to occupy the pulpit and relate
harrowing experiences among benighted
and bloodthirsty savages of remote and
heathen lands -the occasion was never
to be forgotten.
Then there were the visits to our
home of a friend of my father's from
Ohio, who told thrilling experiences of
his life in the south after the Civil
War -and smoked fragrant cigars in
the sacred "front parlor" as he related
his "Carpet Bagger" narratives. Here
was a Man Among Men, a Citizen of
the World! From my slippery perch
on the haircloth stool beside the marble -
_4 topped center table I hung on his words
with avid and thirsty delight.
Then there were the annual visits
of the itinerant craftsmen and peddlers
to -a hunched. old "infidel" tinker who
carried his tools in a tin box slung
from a shoulder strap; a swarthy Keystone
A HOME -MADE SET AND
essence vender, reputed to be "part ITS BUILDER
Indian" who carried his aromatic dis- A representative of thegreat army o{ young
tillations in brown jugs and applied American radio ans-in this specific instance
Master foxeph S. Frelinghuysen, Jr., the sun
his art of salesmanship by touching of Senator Frelinghuysen of New fem.?.
-111- Aitd
1
boyhood-before pushing on to the end and the parlor, that the roof did not
of the land to pay my old friend a cover a .talking machine or piano, I
-I
surprise visit felt a wave of pity recalled my own boyish experiments
with the harmonica -and feared for
for the loneliness of his boy, more com-
pletely shut away from companions and the worst! What an instrument of
a wholesome and cheering contact with family torture that shining rectangle
the world of affairs than I had ever
been down in the valley where neigh-
bors were nearer. Yes ; if opportunity
of cells had been in my lips!
I think the boy must have sensed
something of my fears for a half -
amused grin overspread his face as he
r
opened, I would point out to Tom the
injustice which he was doing his alert opened the door into the traditional
young lad by isolating him on this "downstairs bedroom" and invited me
remote, timber -walled hill farm. There to be seated in the Boston rocker
was a message for that father -and he which I recalled as my favorite resting
would get it if he gave me half a place in his grandmother's sitting room.
chance! As he drew a dark cover frpm a
The boy didn't appear until dinner wall table and revealed a radio set
was on the table. My eyes instantly of impressive proportions I was stunned
searched his face for tell -tale signs into silence.
of his loneliness. They were not in The boy's tongue was loosened and
evidence. Instead he seemed strangely he became an easy, well-poised master -
at ease, wholesome, natural, happy. The of- ceremonies, remarking:
shy wistfulness of the isolated and the "I put all the money I earned in
lonely was utterly lacking in his eyes. grapes, over Brockton way, into this
Instead they seemed to carry the hint set. Cost quite a lot, but it's worth
of an eager surprise held in abeyance it. I can pick up Los Angeles, when
with some difficulty. Occasionally he conditions are good -had Chicago last
exchanged glances with his mother night clear as a bell. Well; I'll tune
which seemed to say: up and see what we can get."
"Aren't we going to show this friend As his deft hands flashed from one
of father's a thing or two? We'll open tuning device to another his mother
his eyes!" whispered:
Then the solution of the mystery "He'd rather stay at home and work
came to me: After supper he was that thing than go to a party or a pic-
going to bring out the family checker - ture show in town. Can't drag him
board-and "stump" the visiting stranger away. And before he had his first
to .a game. This inspiration brought little set he was wild to go out -said
hack to me the marvelous relief to it was as lonesome as a graveyard up
evening monotony which came with the here away from everybody and every-
first checker -hoard that had cheered thing." She hesitated a moment and
our home. And how I hated checkers then confessed: "He was getting to
now ! But I would have to make the be rather a problem and we were
best of the ordeal for the sake of good - anxious. But that's all past now. He's
fellowship to the lonely and isolated changed a lot, too, since he took hold
young son of my host. of radio -developed! I can see that
As we arose from the table the boy he's getting an education in ways and
winked at his mother and, with rather things that would have been beyond
well- supressed eagerness asked: him if he hadn't become so carried
"Like music ?" away with this. I don't mean in elec-
Being morally certain, from casual tricity or mechanics or whatever it is
inspection of the family living room that he's forever studying into in the
POPULAR RADIO 447
magazine which he takes and the books the wireless. It's the same way with
which he buys; I mean in the things music, he-"
which he hears over the radio. "Here's KDKA," interrupted the boy.
"Why, the other day we heard Presi- "Generally have good concerts at Pitts-
dent Harding speak just as plainly as burgh-real artists, not the jazz stuff.
if he'd been in this house. The next Like a little jazz now'n then, but-"
day Junior talked about what Mr. A clear soprano cut in -for the boy's
Harding had said in a way that showed set boasted an excellent amplifier -and
me how the President's message had not a word was spoken in the room
sunk in. He wouldn't have read it in until the last silver note trailed into
a newspaper -but he took it in over silence.
448 POPULAR RADIO
"Now," eagerly exclaimed the lad, and her four auditors in the remote,
"I'm going to try for Los Angeles. isolated hillside farm house in Old
Like t' show you what this set 'II do. Chautauqua.
If it was a clear, still winter night Isolated? The boy's eyes lighted with
I'd be almost certain of tuning in on any faith and prophesy and he forgot his
station in the east-but you never can youth and our maturity as he ex-
tell in other seasons." claimed :
We waited with a breathless expect-
ancy that amounted almost to suspended
animation while the boy deftly adjusted
"Some day I'll pick up London and
Paris just as we have Los Angeles
and that's coming soon, too.
-
Just
his instrument. One moment he shook think of our hearing the Premier of
his head as if in despair, then suddenly Great Britain speaking to a London
thrilled with recovered hope- reaching audience or a grand opera star singing
out across the old Western Reserve, in Berlin-hearing it right here in our
the Mississippi Valley, the Great Amer- own farmhouse a few miles from the
ican Desert, the Rockies and the plains shores of Lake Erie ! I'm going to
and valleys of California for the sound have the outfit that'll do it, no matter
of a voice in the City of the Angels what it costs. It's so, so -well, gee !
which the old missionaries had estab- I've just got to, that's all !"
lished so many, many years ago! And the "Yes," I responded, "I think you're
boy turned a face shining with triumph right !"
upon us as the strains of Chopin's Then I laughed and related my re-
Moonlight Sonata became audible -dis- flections as I had sat on the big stone
tinct, silvery and yet carrying in its half way up the lane-my memories of
delicate attenuation a hint of the the isolation and loneliness of my own
far sweeps of mountains, plains, deserts childhood, in the little valley a few
and fertile lands between the player miles below, my pity for young Tom.
POPULAR RADIO 449
"And," I added "you and your radio Evangel that can not be stilled."
have opened my eyes to the fact that "You bet," was the boy's enthusi-
you are a Citizen of the World com- astic response. "Why; it makes me
pared with the boy I remember. You interested in almost everything, every-
are ages older, wiser and more alive where. I read up a lot about what I
than that Crusoe -like youngster. The- hear by the radio. Just do it because
oretically I have known that the radio I want to-not because anyone tells me
is a marvelous thing, a great; vibrant, to. I get interested in à lot' of things
vital and distance -annihilating thing. and follow 'em up in my reading. If I
But its reach into the realm of boyhood had to choose between goingto college
never occurred to nie until tonight. I and giving up my radio -pushing ahead
shall always count this as one of the with it as fast as it's developed by the
most revealing experiences of my life.
It has given me a new definition of
big men who are working in it
I'd stick with the radio."
-I think
radio. The voice that can reach and And my reply to his unaffected fervor
dispel the, isolation of the boys in the was:
remote homes of American farms and "I'm not so sure but that you are
ranches is certainly the vóice of a new . right."
How to Select
YOUR RADIO PARTS
Have you ever been undecided whether to buy an instrument for your
set at $2.50 or $5.00? Have you ever bought a condenser because it
"didn't cost as much" and have the plates loosen up so that you could
not make a proper adjustment? Have you ever bought paper condensers
when you should have bought mica ones, or vice-versa? In other words,
do you REALLY know how to choose the parts for your radio set?
This article tells you how.
By S. GORDON TAYLOR
I HAPPENED to be at a friend's getting his set into working order.
Iteen-house
year
the other day when his four- He had figured on paying a reason-
-old youngster: carne in with a able price for his parts but when he
big package of parts that he had just looked around in the stores he found
purchased in a downtown radio store. many parts could be obtained for prices
He had been hoarding his money for considerably lower than he had figured.
months until he had saved enough to He immediately began to picture his
purchase parts to build a set that would set with one stage of amplification and
enable him to "pick up Pittsburgh and in order to make his money cover this
Chicago." At last he had accumulated added list of parts he had purchased
the required sum and here he was, all the cheapest of everything.
ready to start assembling the receiving Had this beginner gone ahead to
set of his dreams. make his set of these parts it is doubt-
He spread out his purchases on the ful whether he would have obtained
table with the air of a world con- even fair results. His father came to
queror, but the exhibition was pathetic. the rescue, however, and saved the day
The collection of junk he had brought by supplying enough cash to enable the
home was almost valueless to a radio boy to exchange his junk for some
circuit. He would probably develop really usable parts.
gray hair long before he succeeded in Usually, however, the novice who
450
POPULAR RADIO 41
gets "stuck" does not get off so easily.
The moral is plain. Anyone who buys IST/FF CONNECT/ON
radio parts or sets will do well to call
on a friend who really knows something
about the points to look for in selecting
instruments.
Unfortunately every beginner does
not have among his friends- an experi-
enced fan who can help him. For them
the following suggestions will prove
helpful:
In the first place, all cheap instru-
ments are not bad nor are all expensive
ones good.
As a general rule it pays to buy the
best one can afford. The very cheap
articles should be avoided by all means.
It is usually a safe rule to make a prac-
tice of paying a little more than the
medium price. For instance, an article CORE CLAMPED T/GHT
may run anywhere from $1.00 to $5.00
in price, according to the make. In \U1)IO- FREQUENCY TRANSFORMER
Be sure that the wires running to the terminals
such a case a price of $3.00 to $4.00 are protected. The core laminations should be
will usually assure good quality. clamped tightly together to prevent vibration
When selecting a part see that all on lotul signals.
11.
TRANSFORMERS ; AUDIO-FREQUENCY-
The beginner is up against an obstacle
here. To the novice all transformers
look alike -and to the more seasoned VAkIOMETER
fan as well. However, there are good The frameshould be rigid and the rotation
ones and bad ones. Don't be misled should be smooth. Pigtail connections to the
by advertisers' claims because a com- rotor are advisable. If pigtails are used the in-
strument should be equipped with "stops" to
parison of manufacturers' claims will prevent twisting off the pigtails.
show that most of them say the same
things about their products. By all designed especially for use with the
means obtain the advice of a friend who WD-11 tube. I have found that while
has tried out the different makes, if some of these are fairly good they are
that is at all possible. Generally speak- no better with this tube than any other
ing, the higher- priced transformers are standard transformers.
superior to the cheaper kinds. One
cannot judge them from appearance be- VARIOCOUPLERS-Tlie most efficient
cause I have in mind one of the best variocoupler has two ball- shaped wind-
that doesn't look as good as many of ings for the primary and secondary. In
the cheapest. It is difficult to give de- other words the secondary is wound on
tailed suggestions on this instrument. a wood or composition ball and the
Your friend can advise you best be- primary is wound on the inside of the
cause he can recommend certain makes stator or stationary form. This is not
that he lias found to be good. A essential but is an advantage as far as
vacuum tube of low impedence requires efficiency is concerned. There are few
a low -impedence transformer for best made in this way and it may not be
results. Do not believe everything you possible for the reader to obtain this
hear about certain transformers being type in his locality. If not the next
458 POPULAR RADIO
best is to obtain one which has two meters which are wound on composi-
ball- shaped windings but which has tion forms. Pigtail connections are an
the primary on the outside of the stator. additional assurance of proper opera-
Slightly less efficient than this is a third tion. A last and obvious suggestion is
type which has the primary wound on that the purchaser make sure that the
a bakelite or other composition tube and rotor does not scrape against the stator
the secondary on a ball just small in revolving. If it does the insulation
enough to rotate snugly within the pri- will soon become worn through and
mary tube. Composition tubing is to cause the two windings to short-circuit.
be preferred to cardboard. Pigtail con-
nections should be used to connect the A last word of caution to the builder
secondary winding to its binding posts. of a radio set; it may not be directly
Taps taken off the primary should be connected with the selection of parts
so arranged that in connecting them to but it is nevertheless relevant. When
the switch points the coil winding will building a set do not try to plunge
not become loosened. If the coupler is right in by making a five -tube outfit,
to be used in a single- circuit outfit with or even one with three tubes. Start
the secondary acting as a tickler, the with the necessary tuning unit and a
180-degree coupler gives finer tuning single detector tube and mount these
and is to be preferred. instruments temporarily on a small
board or panel. Then experiment with
VARIOMETERS -Itis essential that the them until you know them thoroughly
two windings be ball shaped and that and have them working at highest ef-
the stator winding be on the inside of ficiency. Then if you intend to add
the stator form with a minimum clear-
, other tubes do so one at a time and
ance between the two windings. Vario- become familiar with each part as you
meters with excessive glue, shellac or go along. When you finally have every-
cement on the windings are not recom- thing that is going into the finished set
mended. Wood is suitable for the rotor and all the parts are working properly,
and stator blocks provided it is thor- then go ahead and mount them on a
oughly seasoned. It is not an easy mat - regular panel.
ter to tell by the appearance whether If you follow this suggestion you will
the wood is well seasoned or not, how- be well satisfied with your set and you
ever, for that reason many prefer vario- will get the most enjoyment out of it.
made at that time Mr. Cóckaday sug- messages that were received while he
gested that these experiences were prob- was inattentive.
ably explained by the fact that the stu- The following paragraphs attempt to
dents were able to sleep with the code give an explanation of these phenomena
firmly fixed in their minds without any in the light of modern psychology, and
other thoughts intruding for a con- also to describe a fairly positive method
siderable period of time. It was recom- of carrying out this learning- while-
mended that the students practice the asleep procedure most satisfactorily.
code shortly before hammock -time, so First let us consider the mind.
that they could "sleep on it." This complex something is not a
These observations do not seem to unified whole, as is generally supposed.
have attracted much attention at the It is divided into two main divisions,
time, and the matter remained unnoticed the conscious mind and the subcon-
until the recent tests at Pensacola. scious mind.
Several experienced operators have as- The conscious mind is our reasoning
sured me, however, that if one falls mind ; our volitional mind. With it we
asleep with the phones on his ears, or make our decisions, solve our problems,
if one is reading a book and not paying cause our arms and our hands to move,
particular attention to what is coming talk, become conscious of what we hear
in, code messages may be received un- and what we see, and perform all other
consciously. On waking or on coming duties and functions that are under the
out of his "brown study," the operator direct control of our will.
is likely to find fixed in his brain the The subconscious mind, in our pres-
meaning or even the exact words of.
. ent stage of development, is quite dis-
Intunaational
THE ONLY CLASSROOM IN WHICH SLEEP IS PRESCRIBED
While the students of this remarkable school for naval aviators at Pensacola are
dozing off with headphones over their cars, the operator sends a continuous flow
of code messages.
tinct from this conscious mind. It is resources of this mind remain untapped
an automatic, rather than a reasoning by most of us for the reason that we
mind. It cannot make decisions of its have been living for so many centuries
own but must take the decisions that in the conscious, or superficial, aspect of
are handed down to it by the conscious our minds that we have forgotten how
mind, and carry them out. It is this to go back.
subconscious mind that controls all the Let us take an example :
automatic functions of our bodies ; such We want to recall some incident of
as the beating of the heart, the pro- a week ago. I have said that the
duction and the repression of the gland memory of the subconscious is almost
secretions and the other body functions perfect. How is it, therefore, that the
over which we do not have any direct particular incident we want has "slipped
control. The subconscious mind has an our mind ?"
almost perfect memory of things im- We may rest assured that the infor-
pressed upon it. It is the photographic mation we want is still with us, that
plate upon which our life's experiences it has not really slipped out. It has
are recorded. Its makeup determines merely passed from the surface of our
our personality. mind to the depths. If the incident had
We are more subconscious than we made any great impression at the time
might think ; scientists tell us we are of its occurrence we would be able to
fully ninety percent so. Yet the vast recall it instantly. But evidently it did
462 POPULAR RADIO
not, so it has drifted to its permanent be said that in all cases sleep-listening
filing place. It is the same as putting will help; in many cases the results
our money in the safe and forgetting will be remarkable, and in a few cases
the combination. phenomenal. The writer does not
The only thing to do in such a case is know exactly how the experiments were
to let our -mind rest for a few moments carried on at the Pensacola station, but
in a passive state or else to go about if the following directions are adhered
our work until the forgotten incident to, you are quite sure to get positive
rises up from our subconscious mind results. ir
and, as we say, "it comes to us." Let us first mention the rules for
Did you ever notice how difficult it doing the best work at ordinary day-
is to concentrate on one subject for time operating. Old -time expert opera-
more than a very short time? Suppose tors might consider these externals all
you are studying code. Every few min- a lot of bosh; but you will find in all
utes some irrelevant thought floats into cases good operators follow them, even
your consciousness and throws you off though they may not realize that they
the track. do so.
These are thoughts of the conscious Select a seat that is comfortable,
mind. They interfere with reaching and in which you may relax as much
the subconscious and making a deep as possible. Try to relieve every
impression on it. When you are asleep physical tension, by just "letting go"
you do not have them. The subcon- at the spot. Then try to make your
scious mind is reached more directly mind a blank and to become passive.
and is more deeply impressed. Throw out all the fool thoughts that
This is especially true of things that flit up. Concentrate on the subject at
enter your mind while you are in a hand -that of reception; and perfect
partly unconscious, very suggestible reception. The relaxation and passivity
state just before you go to sleep. These as preliminaries will make the concen-
are the things you dream about. tration easier.
In the same way thoughts you have Listen in for about fifteen minutes or
just after awaking, when your sub- more each night, just before going to
conscious mind is more easily accessible, bed -to code, of course. And from
are likely to be the ones that carry their the time you get into bed until you go
impressions all day long. to sleep, keep your mind on nothing but
Such was Coué's theory when he sug- dots and dashes. If you can stand keep-
gested that you say to yourself twenty ing the phones on your ears, try that; if
times before retiring each night, "day you can't, move a loudspeaker close to
by day in every way I am getting better your head, but it is not necessary to have
and better." it going too loud. Sincerely try to be-
When a person sleeps, he loses his lieve that the signals will, continue to
consciousness -but that is all. The sub- impress themselves on your subcon-
conscious is as active as usual ; otherwise scious mind after you have passed the
life would be extinguished from the borderland of consciousness.
body. The subconscious may be reached If you are earnest in your endeavor
from external sources, for example, by this will really happen. And the next
sounds. morning you will wake up with a
Now we come to the application of greater ability at receiving code than
the principles outlined to the studying ever before. Tt is a psychological law,
of the radio code. Can it be done suc- and must work if properly applied.
cessfully, and if so, what is the best And ability thus gained will stick by
method to follow? In answer, it may you permanently.
THE CAPACITY -TUNED CRYSTAL CIRCUIT
Cost of parts: Not more than $12.00. Ease. of construction: Nothing complicated.
Approximate range: 15 miles.
Selectivity: Good. Outstanding features: The circuit is more
Operation:. Simple. Only two controls; a pri- selective than the ordinary conductively -
mary slider and a secondary variable con- coupled tuner and the variable condenser
denser. gives smoother wavelength control.
-for
IN this series of hook -ups will be published the special benefit of
the radio novice who is undecided as to just what circuit he wants
100 of the best radio. receiving circuits, each thoroughly tested. The
-
approximate ranges given here are averages based on actual records made
with receiving sets throughout the country. During the summer thé actual
ranges may fall to 50 percent of the value given, while in the winter, in
the best of conditions, the actual ranges may exceed the values given by
as much as 500 percent.
In the November number the following hookups were published:
The Conductively -coupled Crystal Circuit; range 15 miles; cost. $10.00.
The Inductively-tuned Crystal Circuit; range 15 miles; cost, $15.00.
The Combination Tuned -plate, Ultra -audion Circuit; range 500 miles; cost, $25.00.
The Man -Day Single- control Regenerative Circuit; range 500 tuiles; cost, $12.00.
The Reinartz Circuit, with Two Stages of Audio Amplification: range 1.500 miles;
cost, $35.00.
Tuned Radio-frequency and Regenerative -detector Circuit; ramie 500 miles; cost,
$28.00.
The Squire Reflex Circuit; ronge 500 miles; cost, $50.00.
Triple -coil Honeycomb Regenerative Circuit with Two Stages of Amplification;
range 100 miles; cost, $35.00.
The Grimes Reflex Circuit; range 500 miles; cost, $40.00.
463
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Do Ether Waves
Cause Gravitation?
Scientists are coming to believe in the existence of a new kind of ether
waves, the ultra-X rays. Knowledge of these remarkable rays may solve
for us some of the most fundamental scientific mysteries. This article
describes the latest developments in this up -to- the -minute field of re-
search and speculation.
By E. E. FREE, Ph.D.
THE real nature of the universe has The planets hold their paths around
always been a mystery. The dis- the sun because of gravitation -but
tant suns that we call stars are com- what is gravitation?
posed, we know, of matter like the For more than six thousand years
matter here on earth-but what is philosophers have been seeking to un-
matter? lock these fundamental mysteries.
Light comes to us from these stars Now, at last, it seems as though we may
through the ether-but what is ether? have found a key.
468
POPULAR RADIO 469
the mystery of energy, the mystery of million electrons; therefore, in the thick-
the sun's heat, the mystery, even, of ness of a sheet of tissue paper.
life itself. Now these very short waves are
The story of these new ideas begins merely the shortest known waves.
with the suspicion that there may exist There is no reason to believe that they
.
in the universe a new kind of ether are the shortest that exist. The ulti-
waves, hitherto unsuspected, which are mate structure of the universe, what-
characterized by extremely short wave- ever it may be, is obviously much finer -
length. They are much shorter, even, grained than this. The electron, which
than the X rays. That is why they is quite definitely known, is smaller
have been named the ultra -X rays, just and there are almost certainly a number
as the waves next shorter than those of of perfectly real and separate things,
violet light have been called the ultra- for example, the central nucleus of the
violet. hydrogen atom, that are smaller even
The whole family of known ether than the electron. There is plenty of
waves stretches, you remember, from opportunity, then, for waves a hundred
the very long waves of radio, thousands times or a thousand times shorter than
of meters long, down through heat these shortest known ones without ex-
waves, light waves, the ultra -violet ceeding the smallest dimensions that we
and the X rays to the shortest known know to be possible.
waves, those given off by radium.* The question has been, of course,
The shortest waves yet detected come whether any such very short, unknown
from a variety of the radioactive ele- waves actually do exist.
ment called thorium and have a wave- Scientists are coming to believe that
length of about one million -millionth of they do, though because they penetrate
a meter. all kinds of matter so readily they are
This is a very short wave according extremely difficult to detect. Even the
to ordinary standards. If you laid a X rays, which are some thousands of
piece of this kind of thorium on your times longer, penetrate our bodies, for
hand, with a sheet of tissue paper in example, with the greatest ease. These
between so that the rays from it had to ultra -X rays, if they exist, would go
penetrate the paper before they could through us (probably) as though we
reach your hand, there would be room were not there at all. They would also
for about ten million separate waves in go right through our physical instru-
the thickness of the paper. There is ments and our photographic plates and
quite a contrast, you see, between these all the other material things that we are
shortest known waves and the great accustomed to use in detecting various
waves used in radio telegraphy, some kinds of ether waves.
three or four hundred of which will We can stop light rays with a mirror
span the Atlantic. or bend them with a lens, and that en-
But tiny as these shortest waves are, ables us to study the nature of light.
*Details of this ether wave family were described
The ordinary X rays, being so much
i,, POPULAR RADIO for November, 1923, page 407.- shorter than light waves, go right
470 POPULAR RADIO
r r
From an X nay photograph made for POPULAR RADIO by Dr. George Palmer Ratner. N.Y.
BY X RAYS BY ULTRA -X RAYS
This is the same hand and globe photographed This is how a hand might look if it could be
by X rays. Being shorter than the waves of photographed by the supposed ultra -X rays.
light, these X rays penetrate the flesh so that These rays, the shortest waves of all, would
the bones may be seen. The metal parts of the penetrate flesh, bones and glass globe with al-
tube are perfectly black, showing complete ab- most complete perfection, showing only the
sorption of the waves. faintest possible shadow.
-
The first suspicion to this effect . does disappear, however slowly, and
arose in connection with an effort to ex- this is what causes the continual pro-
plain the peculiar behavior of radium. duction of heat and the discharge of
The atoms of radium, you remember, tiny particles and of other rays, all of
are in the habit of exploding. In a little which taken together constitute the phe-
piece of radium, containing, of course, nomena of radioactivity.
billions of billions of individual atoms, The cause of this has always been a
a certain number of the atoms blow puzzle. Why should the radium atoms
up every second and keep on doing so, blow up? It is possible, of course,
one by one, until all the radium is gone. that they do so spontaneously, just as
There are so many atoms in even the badly -made dynamite goes off occasion-
smallest speck of radium that the dis- ally all by itself. But this has never
appearance of the material is extremely seemed very likely. Scientists have al-
slow; only half of it will be gone,, in ways believed that there probably was
fact, after two thousand years. But it something that touched off the indi-
472 POPULAR RADIO
vidual radium atoms once in a while, no energy from them and were not af-
just as we use an exploder cap to touch fected. Just so the sunlight passing
off a stick of dynamite. Only we have through the transparent pane of a win-
never been able to find out what this dow will warm any dark -colored (and
radium exploder was. therefore absorbing) object inside, leav-
About four years ago the distinguished ing the non -absorbing pane unaffected
French physicist, Dr. Jean Perrin, the and cool. According to the Perrin
same who had discovered, some years
earlier, the first direct proof of the real
existence of molecules, suggested that
theory the only kinds of atoms that had
the property of absorbing the ultra -X
rays at all were the atoms of the radio-
r
the radium exploder might be a kind of active elements. These were the only
ultra -X rays. The radium atoms might elements, therefore, that could accumu-
have, he pointed out, the power of ab- late the.ultra -X -ray energy and explode.
sorbing these very short waves just This, of course, was only theory. It
as a black wall will absorb light or a was a way of explaining the behavior,
lead plate will absorb X rays. And as otherwise so mysterious, of the radium
a strong light absorbed by a black wall atoms in exploding every once in a
will heat up the wall a little and a while without having anything to touch
beam of X rays; if it he strong enough, them off. Dr. Perrin did not catch or
will heat up a lead plate, so the absorp- measure any ultra -X rays or produce
tion of ultra -X rays by the atoms of any direct experimental evidence that
radium ought to add energy of some they existed.
sort to the atom ; so much energy, per- This step was left for an American
haps, that after a while the atom would scientist, Dr.. R. A. Millikan of the
explode. California Institute of Technology. By
Suppose you take a tightly closed ingenious experiments which he de-
can of gasoline and put it in the hot scribed recently before the American
sun. Or suppose that you get a large Institute of Electrical Engineers but
burning glass and focus it on the can which he has not yet published in detail,
of gasoline so that the sunlight that some rays similar to the supposed ultra -
strikes it will be much stronger. The X, rays seem actually to have been de-
can will explode. It absorbs more and tected. Experiments on top of Cali-
more energy from the sunlight. It gets fornia mountains and in airplanes high
hotter and hotter. Finally there is so above the earth indicate that these new
much heat energy in it that the can rays come from space outside the earth.
cannot stand it any longer and it blows They do not come from the sun, for
up. they are observed at night as well as
Something of this same sort may be during the day.
happening, Dr. Perrin suggested, to the Dr. Millikan has established, also, a
atoms of radium. They may be ab- probability that radium atoms are not
sorbing all the time a little of the en- the only ones that sometimes explode.
ergy of the ultra -X rays. This energy All kinds of atoms explode occasionally,
accumulates inside the atoms just as the but the ordinary kinds, like the atoms
energy of sunlight accumulates inside that compose our bodies, do so only
the can of gasoline. Every once in a once in a long time. All substances, says
while an atom gets so much of this Dr. Millikan, are probably radioactive
extra energy that it blows up. just as radium is but much more faintly,
The atoms of the other elements, the so faintly that the fact had hitherto es-
ones that are not radioactive, might be, caped observation.
Dr. Perrin thought, totally transparent Dr. Millikan is not ready (if T cor-
to the ultra -X rays so that they caught rectly understand his position) to give
_..-
POPULAR RADIO 473
'
.. :.
".
... .,._.
Signal Corlre, U. S. A.
A VERY MILD EXPLOSION -FROM THE ATOM'S VIEWPOINT
This explosion of a hydrogen- filled army balloon. Goodrich Type R72. is among the
most violent explosions ever photographed, according to ]Hunan standards. Yet the
explosions of the radium atoms, perhaps induced by the ultra -X rays' are millions of
times more violent, bulk for bulk. .than this one is. This remarkable snapshot was
taken April 2, 1918, at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, by Captain Roger B. (Vhitm an.
..
full agreement to Dr. Perrin's idea that this newly discovered member of the
the ultra -X rays produce all these atomic family may nòt have soine:'rather im- -
explosions, both of radium and of other portant. jobs. None of the other' kinds
kinds of matter. But he is willing to of ether waves are loafers. Light and
grant the fact that these tiltra -X rays. heat rays and the X rävs arc all dòing
or something very like them actually rather significant jobs in the universe ;
exist. We can conclude, then, that the for example, helping to keep us alive and
family of ether waves is reasonably cer- to keep the world habitable. Perhaps
tain to have a shorter brother ; a tiniest the smallest brother has something to
one of all who is so small that science keep busy on too.
has not previously seen him. This problem had been attacked even
The problem arises, then, whether before Dr. lf illikan's experiments by
474 POPULAR RA1)1O
a compatriot of Dr. Perrin, Dr. Felix be utterly invisible. 'Nor, if this object
Michaud, a well -known physicist and had a consciousness, would it perceive
distinguished member of the Faculty of the light that was passing all around,
the University of Paris. These ultra -X and through it. To it the brilliant room
rays may be, Dr. Michaud thinks, the would seem dark.
most important ether waves of all. The Just so the universe, brilliantly "il-
littlest brother may be the most power- luminated," so to speak, with the 'ultra -
ful. He may be, in fact, the cause of X rays, appears to us to have none of
that age -old mystery that we call gravi- them because we are transparent to
tation. them and cannot perceive them at all.
Let us imagine, says Dr. Michaud, But just as there is no known object,
that the entire universe is filled with a even the clearest glass -or the most bril-
vast assemblage of ultra-X rays, moving liant crystal, that is perfectly trans -.
in all possible directions at the same parent to light rays, so there is no sub -`
'time, just as a mirror -walled and bril- stance that is perfectly transparent to
liantly lighted room is filled with a the ultra -X rays. We ourselves, the
multitude of light rays, crossing and earth under our feet, every kind of.
interlacing and filling every tiniest matter everywhere in the universe, ab-
cranny of the space inside the room.
, sorbs a tiny fraction of the rays, just
We do not perceive this vast flood of as a "transparent" g'.ass really absorbs
ultra -X rays that comès from every di- a tiny fraction of the light.
rection and bathes everything because But if we do absorb even the tiniest
the rays go right through us. Just so fraction of the ultra -X rays it ought to
a perfectly transparent object in the have some effect on us; we ought, in
lighted room, if there were such a thing some way, to be able to perceive it. It.
as a perfectly transparent object, would has, says Dr. Michaud, an effect on us;
N0. 0F RANGE OP
OCTAVES WAYELENOTMS
METERS
20, 000
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ELECTRIC WAVES
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NEW ELECTA /C WAVE
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X RF YS //. 6
same thing, it is greater on the far tery of where the sun gets the energy
sides. There is a force tending to drive to keep up its heat. The sun, geolo-
the sun and the earth together. That is gists tell us, is at least six or eight
what we observe and call gravitation. billion years old. No kind of burning y-
Extend this same reasoning to all the would supply its heat for even a thou-
other bodies in the universe, work out sandth of this time. What does give it
the detailed relations of the amount of its heat?
ultra -X ray absorption to the masses Perhaps, says Dr. Michaud, it is the
of bodies, to the distances, to relative great flood of ultra -X -ray energy that
motions and the like (all of which Dr. fills all space. The part of this that the
Michaud has done) and you come out sun absorbs and which is manifested,
with the well -known laws of gravitation. as we have seen, in gravitation is very
You come out also with a possible ex- tiny with relation to the total amount of
planation for that very puzzling mys- such energy that space contains. But
POPULAR RADIO 477
it may be very large with relation to the to do, as Dr. Perrin foresaw, with radio-
sun ; ample, perhaps, to keep the sun activity. Still others concern the cause
going indefinitely. of light or of those mysterious effects
This same unsuspected source of that we call electricity and magnetism.
energy, if it really exists, may have im- I cannot describe here the details of all
portant significance for the problems of these conclusions and suggestions and
life, especially of life on other planets. possibilities. Perhaps, indeed, it is'
The surface- of Mars, for example, has profitless to describe them at all until
been found, by measurement of its ra- the exact facts about these ultra -X rays
diation, to be considerably warmer than have been ascertained and fully proved.
the usual theories would indicate as pos- That, we may be sure, will not be a
sible. It seems warm enough, in fact, matter of many years.
to support life quite like the life on But there is one thing, even at pres-
earth. Where does this warmth come ent, that I must not leave unsaid. It is
from? Not from the sun, we are sure, that in these experiments of Dr. Milli -
unless the atmosphere of Mars is of kan and in the theories of D. Michaud
some peculiar composition and is able we seem to have caught a glimpse of a
to trap and retain the sun's heat much whole new universe that we have been
more efficiently than the astronomers living in without knowing it. Like a
suppose. Perhaps the extra heat comes blind man who begins, as they remove
from ultra -X rays absorbed from space the bandage from his eyes, to catch his
by the matter of the planet, just as does - first glimmer of light, to perceive a dim
(so the theory says) the heat of the and distorted vision of unknown reali-
sun. ties all around him, so we stand, it
If this be true some heat like this seems, on the very verge of new and
must be arriving all the time on the enormously important discoveries ; dis-
earth. Very likely it is. It has long coveries that will change, it may well
been known, for example, that all rocks, be, every supposed fact and every pres-
soils and natural waters are slightly ent idea and every condition of life
radioactive. The heat thus produced in the world.
has been ascribed by most scientists to REFERENCES
traces of radium in the rocks. It has
Readers desirous of studying the details of the
been calculated to be sufficient to make theories here described will find Dr. Perrin's ideas
set forth in his monograph "Matière et Lumière" in
the earth grow slowly warmer instead the Annales de Physique, vol. 11, pages 5.108
of cooling off as the older theorists used (January, 1919), especially on pages 78 to 95. Dr.
Michaud's theory of the cause of gravitation, as
to believe. Perhaps this, too, may be an well as many other implications of the ultra -X -ray
idea for which I have not had space in this article,
ultra -X -ray effect. Even our own life was published in his pamphlet entitled "Rayonnement
et Gravitation," 61 pages, Gautier -Villars et Cie., Paris,
may depend in ways that we do not 1922. There is a brief review by Dr. Michaud him-
self in the Recite générale des Sciences for January
yet understand, upon the properties of 15. 1923. Dr. Millikan's experiments have not been
this new and remarkable kind of ether published. They will be noted in POPULAR RADIO as
soon as they appear. For information about X rays
-a
waves.
There are many other implications of
and gamma rays necessary starting point, of
course, for study of the possible shorter waves
the best book is X Rays by G. W. C. Kaye, fourth
-
edition, 320 pages, Longmans Green and Co., New
this ultra -X -ray theory. Some affect York, 1923.
the theories of astronomy. Others have -The Author
HOW TO
READ A DIAGRAM
PART I
By ALBERT G. CRAIG
"Wj HERE may I obtain a 'picture- First of all, the student who wants
to learn how to read a diagram must
diagram' of the four-circuit
tuner? I do not know how to read the make himself familiar with the conven-
regular diagrams .P tional symbols which are used in all
This is one of the most frequent hook -ups. Therefore, let us first con-
questions received by The Technical sider the .instruments that are most
Service Bureau of this magazine. familiar in radio.
It is evident that a large percentage The following pages show pictures of
of radio fans are unable to interpret the the instrument, together with the stand-
conventional, electric- circuit diagram. ard symbol that represents it ; also short
Rather than use the inferior picture descriptions of the instruments and their
method to bring home a circuit to the uses. These symbols should be memo-
uninitiated, POPULAR RADIO has decided rized before the beginner undertakes to
to show the radio fan how to master read a diagram.
the standard diagram.
478
POPULAR RADIO 479
AMMETER -The ammeter is a device for An ammeter never measures how many am-
measuring the current flowing in some particu- peres there are in the battery, but it does
lar circuit; for instance, it could he placed in measure the number of amperes that some
the filament circuit of a vacuum tube to sec other instrument is drawing from the battery
how many amperes were being drawn from or whatever source of power we may have.
the storage battery. An instrument for smaller The ammeter has two terminals and is always
current values (the milliammeter) could be connected in series in the circuit; that is, one
connected in the plate circuit of the vacuum of the wires of the circuit is broken and the
tube to see how many thousandths of an am- two resultant ends are connected to the two
pere were being drawn from the "B" battery. terminals of the ammeter.
ANTENNA-The most common type of an- surface and greater strength than the solid
tenna (and one that gives universal satisfac- wire of the sanie gauge. For transmitting,
tion for receiving) is the single -wire "L" type, four parallel wires are often used to give
approximately 100 feet long. It is insulated at greater radiating area; a wire joined to each
e..ch end, preferably with a glazed -porcelain of these is in turn connected to the single lead -
a.ttenna insulator, and the lead -in to the re- in. As the multiple lead -ins always are joined
ceiving set is taken off at one end. Number to one common wire we may regard the an-
14 seven -strand bare copper wire is most suit- tenna as having a single connection and thus
able for antenna wire because of its larger it is shown in the diagrams.
LOOP
Loor ANTENNA -The regulation outdoor an- detector and two stages of audio- frequency
tenna always gives reception over greater dis- amplification. Do not attempt to use a loop
tances and also louder signals than the loop on the ordinary three -bulb regenerative set.
on the same receiving set. However, circum- For broadcast reception the loop antenna may
stances may make the use of a loop necessary; consist of twelve turns of No. 18 wire wound
in this case the amplification will have to be in a square, two feet on a side, the turns be-
increased considerably over what would be ing separated one -half inch. The loop antenna
necessary with the outdoor antenna. Two or has two connections, although one of these
three stages of rado- frequency amplification may he arranged so that it can be cut in on
will be required in addition to the customary different turns.
480 POPULAR RADIO
"A" BATTERY -Until recently the "A" or fila- to the filament of the tube; one of these is
ment- lighting battery was almost universally positive and the other negative. Make sure
of the storage type. It may be well to note that the voltage at these terminals is correct
here that the UV -201 -a tube is primarily a for the tubes you are using, and also that the
storage -battery tube, and that it is not econom- "A" battery is capable of furnishing current
ical to operate more than one of these tubes for the number of tubes which you intend to
on dry cells. However, the use of tubes, such use. Three WD -11 tubes should have three
as the UV -199 and WD -11, which operate on dry cells connected in parallel, for instance.
an "A" battery made tip of dry cells, has in- One dry cell would have the same voltage but
creased materially in the last year or two. it could not furnish current for three tubes
Although made up of several cells, the "A" economically. By using three cells in paral-
battery has two main terminals which connect lel the current is divided between the three.
- f
--11i1111li1--
"B" BATTERY -The "B" battery is made up volt, tapped type which gives any voltage in
of a number of "flashlight" cells connected in steps of 1/ volts from 16/ to 22/ volts for
series and sealed together in a convenient con- soft detector tubes which are critical to plate
tainer, there being fifteen of the cells in the voltage. The amplifier "B" battery can be con-
22/ -volt size and a correspondingly larger num- veniently made up of 22/ or 45 -volt blocks
ber in the higher -voltage batteries. The large - connected up in series to give the required
type "B" battery will prove more economical voltage. The battery made up in this manner
for a permanent set, while the smaller sizes will have two outside or unconnected terminals,
have their points of advantage for portable one positive and one negative, and these will
sets. The detector battery is usually a 22/- form the connections to the set.
-+
--111,1I--
"C" BATTERY -With more than 67t/z volts cuit, break the grid lead between the amplify-
on the plate of the average tube it is advisable ing transformer and the filament, and connect
to connect a "C" Battey in the grid circuit to the ends to the two terminals of the "C" bat-
bring the potential of the grid to the correct tery, the negative side of the latter should
negative point with respect to the filament. be toward the transformer and grid. An-
Small flashlight cells of 3 to 4/ volts make other advantage of the "C" battery is that it
good "C" batteries and are easy to obtain. To cuts down the average plate current greatly
connect a "C" battery in an amplifying cir- and makes the "B" battery last much longer.
POPULAR RADIO 481
r--
BUZZER-The chief uses of the buzzer in (buzzer, battery (dry cell) and a key are sim-
radio are for code practice and for testing out ply connected in series. For testing crystal -
crystal detectors to find a sensitive spot. The detector adjustment, a buzzer, battery, and a
buzzer for either of these purposes should key or push button are connected as above,
(preferably) be one of the special high -fre- and in addition a wire is connected, from the
quency type. The note of an ordinary call binding post nearest the buzzer interrupter, to
buzzer is much too low. For code practice a the ground lead of the receiving set,
AUDIO -FREQUENCY CHORE COIL-The audio- mitring tube by connecting one or more choke
frequency choke coil consists of an iron core coils in series with the rectified supply. There
with a continuous winding, and has two connec- is always a drop in voltage across a choke
tions, one to each end of the winding. The choke coil and this is used in choke -coil -coupled
coil has a tendency to smooth out variations amplifiers. The choke coil is connected in the
in current as its magnetic field opposes all plate circuit of one tube and the drop across
changes in the current. An example of this it used to operate the succeeding tube in the
use is to steady the plate current of a trans- next stage of amplification.
Nita
RADIO -FREQUENCY CHORE COIL-The uses of choke -coil purposes. The radio -frequency
the radio -frequency choke coil are very simi- choke consists of a single winding and has one
lar to the audio -frequency choke coil except connection at each end. Such a coil may be
that it is constructed to operate at much higher used in a low -power vacuum-tube transmitting
frequencies and is therefore generally made set as a radio - frequency choke in the grid -
with an air core. The coil shown in the illus- leak circuit or in the plate circuit to keep the
tration is an ordinary honeycomb coil, which high -frequency energy from getting back into
type is usually satisfactory for radio -frequency the power supply.
482 POPULAR RADIO -
FIXED CONDENSER -The most satisfactory sary. In places where some loss does not mat-
type of fixed condenser for receiving sets, and ter and where the cost of a mica condenser of
one that is comparatively inexpensive, is the such large size would be prohibitive, such as
small mica condense) of reliable make. As the filter condensers for transmitting sets, paper
the amount of energy handled is extremely condensers are often used. The fixed conden-
small, it is not advisable to use home -made con- ser has fundamentally two metal surfaces
densers of doubtful quality. One of these which are separated by an insulating sheet, al-
small condensers of .00025 or .0005 mfd. capac- though the metal surfaces may be made up
ity can often be connected in series with the of a large number of sheets. There are two
antenna to cut down the wavelength if neces- connections, one to each of the metal surfaces.
L
VARIABLE CONDENSER -The variable air con- to the rotary plates. Always connect the ro-
denser has become fairly well standardized in tary plates to the part of the circuit which
form; it consists of a number of. stationary is nearest the ground potential to avoid "body-
plates, closely spaced and connected together, capacity" effects. The condenser should be
and approximately the same number of rotary well made mechanically and electrically; the
plates which are also connected together and hearings should fit well and preferably be of
which mesh between but do not touch the sta- metal; and the stator and rotor shbuld be
tionary plates. The condenser has two con- separated by a good insulating material to
nections, one to the stationary plates and one avoid excessive dielectric loss.
GC
-
-t
Al*
î9 "
iii
"11-2
+
2
QUESTION have the following parts
: I ing the telephone plug in jack J2 will give
connected as shown in my sketch of the you more distance than in your original set.
The loudspeaker will give the best results if
hook -up, which I am enclosing in my inserted in jack J3. You will need a separate
I etter :
plug for the phones and one for the loud-
speaker.
2 Malone -Lemon variable condensers,
* * *
.0005 mfd.;
1 Cardwell variocoupler ; QUESTION In using the new type of
:
Now I am able to fix my junk all by I remember that when we lived in our
myself and feel that I would like to try other house I had an outdoor antenna
to steal some of his stuff and surprise which I soldered. In 'soldering it I
him with a set in full operation. also remember that the soldering paste
ADRIAN ROSCII melted down and fell on the roof. As
ANSWER: The wiring diagram for the trans-
the paste contains acid I know what it
mitter is given. in Figure 1. It is a simple would do to the carpet. And if it did
Hartley oscillator. that to the carpet I know what would
The parts you will need are the following: happen to my set.. And I want to keep
L- transmitting inductance;
GL-grid leak, 5,000 ohms; my radio set even if it does make me
GC-grid condenser, .002 mfd.; stay up late at night, and cause tie to
key -well insulated transmitting key;
C -mica fixed condenser, .002 mfd.; '
. get ;scolded.
vacuum tube, UV -202 and socket; So again I ask, is there any way to
power transformer, for lighting the filament do without soldering?
and supplying the plate voltage.
You may make the transmitting inductance PERCY DICKINSON
L yourself by winding 25 turns of No. 14 ANSWER: Under the circumstances, you arc
copper wire on a grooved composition tube, safe! For an indoor antenna .requires no
3% inches in diameter. soldering at the joints. You will find that
This circuit has been giving satisfaction at the copper wire keeps reasonably clean and
IUD's station for over a year. He radiates bright indoors.
1.4 amperes and has worked 1,100 miles and ' However; in an outdoor antenna the copper
was reported QSA (strong) at this distance. wire will -soon- become oxidized or corroded
The only adjustment to make with the set and will make poor contact if not, soldered.
after the proper wavelength has been obtained The soldering is only to make the joint a
is the grid -plate coupling which is adjusted by permanent affair so that its resistance will not
the sliding contact on the coil L. increase with age.
35"0 V
`QQQQQ
Flet ;Rl: 1: The Hartley circuit for
a .i -wall Cll' transmitter. Power is
furnished front a transformer.
I/O V
WHAT READERS ASK
THIS department is conducted for the benefit of our readers who want expert help
in unravelling the innumerable kinks that puzzle the amateur who installs and operates
his own radio apparatus. If the mcchtinism of your equipment bothers you you -if
believe that you are not getting the best results from it -ask the SERVICE BUREAU.
THE flood of inquiries that has poured in ate with us by observing the following requests:
upon the Service Bureau has not only 1. Confine each letter of inquiry to one
furnished evidence of the need of this depart- specific subject.
ment, it has also necessitated a system of 2. Enclose a stamped and self-addressed
handling the correspondence that will insure envelope with your inquiry.
the selection of and answer to only those 3. Do not ask how far your radio set should
questions that are of the widest application and receive. To answer this inquiry properly
that are, consequently, of the greatest value to involves a far more intimate knowledge
the greatest number of our readers. Our cor- of conditions than it is possible to incor-
respondents are, accordingly, asked to co -oper- porate in your letter.
GL
GC
T VC2 C = TEL
O
O
2
Radio Telephones
on Trains
It is now possible
to carry on con-
versation between
trains in motion
and distant radio
stations. What re-
cent experiments
in this field have
developed in this
country, France
and Germany will
be told by Robert
G. Skerrett in
POPULAR RADIO
for January. Dr. Albert Neuberger, Berlin
510 sPOPULAR RADIO
DET.
receiver. When set to give a maximum Memphis and Davenport -80 percent of their
maxima.
response to 660 kc. (line Q, as shown) Dallas and Philadelphia -25 percent of their
signals on carrier frequency 690 kc. maxima.
(line R) would give only about .15 per- Washington and Detroit -15 percent of their
maxima.
cent full response, while other signals Pittsburgh and Omaha -10 percent of their
of 590 kc. (line P) would produce maxima.
practically no sound in the telephones. New York (WJZ) and San Diego -5 percent
of their maxima.
We might make a table showing the Chicago and St. Louis -3 percent of their
percentage of normal or best signal maxima.
Jefferson City and others -0.
strength that would be received by
such a tuner for various differences of Note that t h e s e relative signal
wave- frequency, using this resonance strengths are given as percentages of
curve as a basis, like the following: the loudest possible signal your set
could receive from any particular sta-
Difference from Percentage of tion, and that each percentage refers to
Resonant Frequency Resonant Signal
0 100 the signal from the station in question
10 80 and that only. In other words, this
20 25
30 15
above table will not show the relative
40 10 signal strengths in comparison with the
50 5 signal from some one station, such as
60 3
70 0 the one to which the set is tuned. To
get this information we must combine
From such a table we can see just with the above figures another tabulation
what to expect in the way of freedom giving the relative signal strengths of
from interference. For instance, if in- the station in question. One or two
stead of tuning to 660 kc. as shown, examples will show how this can easily
you adjusted to New York (WEAF) be learned, however.
at 610 kc., the energies of signals from Suppose that with your receiver,
other stations would be as follows (New under some particular condition, you
York being rated 100 percent because can hear New York (WEAF) with in-
tuned to its maximum) : tensity 100, New York (WJZ) with
C2
!g-
CLEVELAND 770 -
RTLANTA 700-429
WASH/ NGTON, DC 690 -
CHICAGO 670 -
P/TTSBURGH 650-462
LOS ANGEL ES ano WASHINGTON, DC 640 -
DALLAS 630 -
DAVENPORT 620 -
DETROIT 580 -
OMAHA 570-
SAN O/EGO 560 -
Or)
ST. LO(//S 550- 546
R B
FIGURE 2: This chart shows how a broad- tuning set would include the signals of a
number of stations at one time while the sharp- taring set would get only one or two.
The small gap in the dark heavy line at the extreme right of the chart would include
only New York, Memphis and Seattle. This line is for a sharp tuner. The large
gap in the second heavy line includes everything from Jefferson City to Philadelphia
and San Fracisco; this line is for a broad tuner and considerable interference
would be experienced.
506 POPULAR RADIO
waves a few kilocycles either side of put the new plan into effect on May
the specified frequencies. This prac- 15th last, and we have had ample time
tice, together with the division of to learn that the new wave assignments
operating hours among the numerous mark a progressive step (and a large
senders that desired to transmit in one) in broadcasting.
each locality, helped out the situation Some novice listeners have com-
a good deal. Despite the fact that it plained that the wave- frequencies of
resulted in two groups of stations, the the various stations are too close to-
larger group operating in the neighbor- gether and that it is not possible to
hood of 833 kc. and the other cluster- hear programs from one station with-
ing about 750 kc. and even though the out simultaneously picking up music
waves were chosen more or less at or a speech from other broadcasting
random, the shifting away from the plants.
authorized wave -frequencies made pos- These complaints have come only
sible what little choice of broadcast from listeners whose receiving sets are
programs was enjoyed by radio listen- poorly designed or poorly manipulated.
ers last wihter. It has been proved that receivers of
The Second National Radio Confer- only average selectivity, adjusted
ence assembled by Secretary Hoover with only normal care, are fully capable
last March changed matters by de- of discriminating between various
vising a new schedule* of broadcasting broadcasting waves that are said to in-
wave -frequencies that assigned to sta- terfere with each other. If you are
tions in each locality an appropriate having trouble in picking out the sta-
place in the wide band of waves that tion you want to hear, and in listening
is now available for this public radio to that station alone, don't blame the
service. The Department of Commerce new wave assignments. Bear in mind
'The new plan was reported in detail on pp. 64 -70
that thousands of other people are
of Portma 12noro for July, 1923. having no trouble at all, and get busy
4,11
.0: .aC'ti.:Jf::::i`r ,
......., . ..: ::........
C.. . .:R
1!,7
S
EiësisEi: nu 998EEiE...
°EEi96ia :,... ...,, ..,,, :'9:: C:::11::
:
A WAVELENGTH- SIGNAL -STRENGTH CHART
FIGURE 1: The author's frequency -signal- strength chart which he uses to explain
how a selective receiver and a broadly tuned receiver would act in regard to inter-
ference elimination.
4
"If you arc now using an ordinary vacuum -tube detector, in a non -regenerative
circuit, change to a good regenerative circuit and preferably one that is coupled
inductively to the antenna."-JOHN V. L. HOGAN.
By JOHN V. L. HOGAN
SINCE the adoption of the new wave - 360 and 400 meters wavelength). If
frequency (or, in the old phrase, the broadcasters had lived up to the
wavelength) allocations for broadcast- regulations no qne would have been
ing, the number of transmitters that can able to receive from more than two
be heard by any receiving station has stations, one on each wave, at any one
been substantially increased. time. As a matter of fact it was
Under the former plan the trans- found that so much interference de-
®
PANEL
/S 'lie
74,..74'
AMA
- ....54
/ó
( Z` X, Ti X¢ Si © 4 YZ
fl
-
POPULAR RADIO SUI
di*
3/4
i¢--I--/ie /'rg--
is'
THE DIMENSIONS FOR THE MAIN PANEL
FIGURE 4: By following this diagram, the correct site of the panel will be assured
together with the correct .spacing for the holes for the screws which hold the parts,
and the shafts of the instruments which protrude through the face of the panel.
J C
Ll
O X3
X4- Dubilier paper condenser, .5 mfd.; chine screws used for fastening the instru-
X5- Dubilier paper condenser, .5 mfd.; ments will be flush with the panel. All the rest
Yl to Y12- binding posts; of the holes in this panel are straight drill
Z 1- composition panel ; holes. Sizes for the diameter of these holes
Z2- wooden sub -panel, 6% x 14 x % inches. have not been given, but the builder will readily
decide what size hole is necessary by measur-
How to Construct the Set ing the size of the screws and shafts of in-
After procuring all the instruments and ma- struments that have to go through the holes.
terials for building the set, the amateur should When the panel is drilled, it may be given
set about preparing the panel Z1, (shown in a dull finish by rubbing lengthwise with smooth
Figures 2, 3, 4 and 6). sandpaper until the surface is smooth, then
First of all the panel should be cut to the the same process should he repeated except
correct size, 7 by 15 inches. that light machine oil should be applied during
Then the edges should be squared up the rubbing. The panel should then be rubbed
smoothly with a file. The centers for boring dry with a piece of cheese -cloth, and a dull
the holes (which are necessary for mounting permanent finish will be the result. Or the
the instruments) should be laid out on the panel may he left with its original shiny -black
panel as shown in Figure 4. finish, if care is exercised so that it is not
The holes outlined here with a double circle scratched during drilling.
should be countersunk so that the flat -head ma- Next the sub -panel Z2, should be cut to the
49S POPULAR RADIO
D C
The Parts Used in Building-the Set may be usid with equally good results
In all the diagrams in this article each part If instruments other than the ones listed are
bears a designating letter. In this way the used it will necessitate only the use of different
prospective builder of a receiver may easily spacing, of the holes drilled in the panel and
shelf for mounting them.
determine how to mount the instruments in
the correct places and connect them properly Si to S4- vacuum -tube sockets; 1
in the electric circuit. The same designating TI to T4 -four Haynes-Griffin transform-
letters are used in the text and the list of parts ers, one input and three radio- frequency
transformers, 3,000 meters;
below. U -Fada potentiometer, 200 ohms;
filiThe list of parts here given includes the V-Fada filament rheostat, .6 ohms;
exact instruments used in the particular \V- tubular grid leak, 2 megohms ;
set from which these specifications were Xl- Dubilier mica condenser, .0005 mfd.;
made up; however, there are many other X2- Dubilier mica condenser, .00025 mfd.;
reliable makes of instruments which X3- Dubilier mica condenser, .002 mfd.;
POPULAR RADIO l97
or,
x2
sr
--oY8
WM V
042
THE ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAM FOR THE AMPLIFIER AND
DETECTOR
FIGURE I: By following this circuit, the amateur experimenter may be sure of
obtaining the proper connections fo the -instr'funents. The parts are designated by
the same letters that appear in the other diagrams and the text.
Y5 0
Y6o TX¢
HOW TO BUILD THE NEW REGENERATIVE
By LAURENCE M. COCKADAY, R. E.
FIRST of all, when they started work air -core transformers which were built
on this set, the designers tested out up with variations in the turn ratios
the various makes of transformers for variations in the fundamental wave
radio frequencies between 2,000 and lengths, variations in the magnetic cou-
6.000 meters. After long experimenta- pling, and variations in the resistance of
tion, they decided that there would be coils (this involved many trials with
a distinct advantage in a transformer windings of different sizes of wire) it
which would not involve the use of an was decided to use a transformer that
iron core. It was decided that they was extremely sharply tuned on 3,000
needed a transformer that would be meters. This was found better than the
sharply tuned to one particular wave- somewhat higher wavelengths more gen-
length to which all incoming signals erally used in super- heterodyne ampli-
could be heterodyned. fiers in that the possibility of cutting out
This, of course, would insure much some of the side bands due to critical
sharper tuning, in the set as a whole, tuning was less than at the higher wave-
than would be possible with a radio - lengths. This wavelength also was
frequency transformer which responded found to be relatively free from inter-
to signals over a relatively wide band ference. (The reader will note that
of wavelengths. POPULAR RADIO does not describe how
After still more experimentation with to make these transformers or any other
496
POPULAR. RADIO 495
whisker and replacing lightly in various po-
. 2,000 ohms or more will give good results.
sitions. Reception from a considerable distance will
As the switch blades are moved up the be more satisfactory if phones priced above
wavelength of the set is increased. When the the conventional standard be used.
left switch advances one point the tuning in-
ductance turns are increased by two. When
:
until signals from the longest wave broadcast audio- frequency amplifier may be con-
station are heard with the switches near the
upper points. With this set the writer obtained nected to the phone binding posts of
good recepton from a Class B station two this set and good volume of sound will
and a half miles distant, using a small indoor be obtained from local stations. The
antenna, but such an antenna is not recom-
mended for a crystal set. use of the crystal detector gives signals
A telephone head -set having a resistance of of maximum clearness.
fiers and which sell in that country for an equivalent of about 50 cents in American
money. The apparatus in the lower left -hand part of the picture are the mechan-
ical pumps used in the cvacualing system for snaking these foreign tubes.
491 POPULAR RADIO
o yI 6
op So
OZP 40
Oj1I 30
oIl 20
OS /0
FIGURE 12
J-
Assembling- the panels and the switch points and binding posts. This is a view
from the rear and shows how the switch points are forced into the holes drilled
for them in the upright panel, and how the wire taps are connected one to each
switch point. The two switch blades are connected by a wire to the two binding
posts on the base.
g and p (Figures 3 and 8) back down through The parts of the cover, shown in Figure 6,
the base and thence connected to the left are fastened together with glue and brads (or
phone binding post and the screw securing the small screws) forming the completed cover
rod holder in placer One short length of wire which gives the set the finished appearance
connects the remaining phone binding post and shown in Figure 1.
the crystal. The wire ends are secured by loop-
ing around between the washers on the bottom How to Operate the Set
of the base; the screws are then tightened The antenna is connected to the right -hand
until the nuts on top of the base become rigid. rear binding post. The ground wire is con-
Before the crystal clip and rod holder are per- nected to the left -hand rear binding post, thus
manently secured in place a burr is formed on bringing the phones near ground potential. The
the edges which come 'n contact with the antenna wire is shown in Figure 1. An in-
wood by bending down these edges slightly. spection is made of the mounted crystal to
Twelve short lengths of No. 20 bare copper see that it is held firmly by the clip; the ex-
wire should be soldered to the switch points treme end of the catwhisker should then be
where they project through the rear of the given a sharp diagonal cut with a pair of
panel as shown in Figure 12. scissors.
The cover of the tuning inductance is tacked Adjusting the set involves two operations:
to the base equally distant from the edges and (1) Securing a sensitive contact of the cat -
one-half inch from the rear of the panel. The" whisker ;
inductance is fitted into the cover and secured (2) Tuning.
by glue or varnish. The location for the taps By means of the knob the point of the cat -
will be determined by referring to Figure 3. whisker is brought down lightly, upon the
Tap 1 (Figures 3, 7, and 12), will be directly crystal. The right switch blade is rotated
.
below switch point 1 (Figure 12). The twelve slowly over its points and at each new posi-
wires from the switch points (Figures 3 and tion the left switch blade is rotated two or
12) are formed into neat curves, cut off to the three times over its points. This operation ex-
proper length so that they may just be inserted plores all the inductance ,turns, two at a time.
in the inductance taps, and soldered in place If there is no response in the phones, opera-
using a very small soldering iron and a small tions (1) and (2) are repeated and local sta-
amount of solder. Switch points in Figure 12 tions should now be heard. Finally, when the
are numbered to correspond to taps in Figure 7. switches are set at the most advantageous posi-
Point 1 being most inaccessible is first soldered tion, a more sensitive adjustment of the de-
to tap I. tector may be obtained by lifting the cat-
/
POPULAR RADIO 493
v
z~
oeuc, {E
8-BZ SCREW
/%8"
/A"
BEND VP 0-
418
FIGURE 8 FIGURE 8A
a toils of the tap switch for Hon' to cut out, drill and bend the switch
control. blades
/a"
Q/4U1rJgb
oat
9Z").1
a I
FIGURE 9
rho dimensions for the switch points and
stops.
FIGURE 10
The complete detector assembly, showing the
general arrangement of all- the Darts used.
FIGURE 10A
N.rr ro drill and bend the clip for holding the
crystal.
FIGURE 10B
FIGURE 11 The way to make the rod holder is shown here
Sises for the binding posts. with the dimensions for drilling and shaping.
492 POPULAR RADIO
FIGURE 7A
How the container should shortened by cutting off the end. This sketch gives
be
the dimensions to which the tube should be cut down before starling the actual
winding of the'coil.
ping 10 turns of No. 20 piano wire around a H. BINDING POSTS (Figure 11). Each bind-
3/16 -inch rod clamped in a vise. The switch ing post is made up of an 8-32 brass screw, two
is assembled upon an 8-32 brass machine screw, washers, square brass nut and a thumb nut
c, shown in Figure 8. taken from a dry cell. A groove b, is filed
F. Swircx POINTS AND STOPS (Figure 9). in two of the nuts to facilitate connections of
The switch points are made from 12 brass pins telephone -receiver terminals.
with heads surfaced off with a file or in a
lathe. This work requires accuracy to insure How to Assemble the Set
smooth operation of switch blades. The switch Four rubber -headed tacks are driven into
stops are made from four small brass pins. the corners of the bottom of the base as indi-
G. CRYSTAL DETECTOR (Figure 10). In Fig- cated in Figure 4. The panel (Figure 5) is
ure 10 are shown the assembled parts of the laid face up on two supporting strips and the
detector. These are: a clip b, holding a 12 switch points are forced into the holes,
mounted crystal c; an 8 -32 screw d, and nut e; caution being observed to have the surfaces of
a fine wire (catwhisker) f, wrapped around all the points in the same plane.
a rod g, and secured by a drop of solder h; The tap switches are placed in position as
a knob i; a rod -holder j ; an 8 -32 screw k, and shown in Figures 3 and 8. The switch blades
a nut m. are bent as shown by the dotted lines, and
The clip is cut and filed from No. 24 spring when forced down upon the switch points by
brass sheet as shown in Figure 10a, and bent the spring b. final adjustments are made to
into the shape shown in Figure 10. All brass secure smoothness of operation. The nuts
sheet must be bent with caution, the bends f and k, are then locked. .
being made slowly and kept well rounded. The panel (Figure 5) is mounted by three
The catwhisker is an 8 -inch length of fine wood screws passing through the base and
springy wire wrapped 20 times evenly around into the holes d, e, and f. It then appears as
the rod g, and secured by a drop of solder shown in Figure 3.
h, so positioned that when the rod is placed The detector parts (shown in Figure 10) are
in the holder the lateral movement will be loosely mounted -in the positions shown in
equal to the diameter of the crystal. The fiber Figure 3 -the screw d. being cut off so that it
knob i. is forced on the other end of the rod. will not project through the nuts. The four
In Figure 10b are shown the dimensions binding posts -shown in Figure 11 -are then
of the Tod holder, cut and filed from spring loosely inserted in the base (Figure 3). Con-
brass sheet, so that the grain of the metal necting wires -shown in Figure 3-of No. 20
runs with the narrow tongue. When bent care- wire are run from the two rear binding posts
fully into shape it appears as shown at i. up through two holes h (Figure 4) in the base,
Figure 10. looped around and forced between the washers
POPULAR RADIO 491
- - --r;
TOP VIEW
FIGURE o
this drawing shows the three views of
the cover together with the Proper
dimensions
Bh"
I I
4
I-+h
I I
J fir.:f"i1 43/4"
$ -/2 TURNS
Y-12 TURNS
1S -12 TURNS
III-12 TURNS
1 -/2 TURNS
- 6 TUR/ys
fA,
FIGURE 7
The completed inductance coil made on a pint-size container. This drawing
shows the correct way to make the taps with the spacing between the taps indicated.
POPULAR RADIO
5/¢"
18-32 SCREW 0-
--
/6
,S
3%2"
DDe/V//Y6 FIT
FOR
):ESN r ' SW/Î2W POINTS
O,Q/!L, /Y0. 8 WOOD SGeEw
4Ì a-32 SGRFI
L_ 8-32 Sc,FEW
-
I
8"
23l¢
a4 -
/
------ /ëoa.
I i
Yea/A.
.V---4--
I
/i,'"
d-32 SCREW
1' B32 SCREW
\s\lztl.
S%z"
FIGURE 4
The' dimensions of the base and the drilling plan.
This drawing gives the front,
side and top views of the base, together with the drilling data for the holes for
the screws that are used to mount the instruments and binding posts.
o-
air
FIGURE 3
The working drawing of the set. This layout diagram shows the relative positions
fnr all the instruments, as seen from above. The parts are designated by letters
which reappear in the text and list of parts.
POPULAR RADIO 487
elaborate construction or it may be ring and vibration from the tuning con-
very simple without reducing its effi- trols, and protection of parts fróm
.
Other points, often overlooked, are that the connecting wires will be short
clearness o£ signal, absence of distor- and direct, and losses from unused
tion, and no operating cost. Although turns on the tuning inductor have been
the crystal is a relatively insensitive reduced by cutting down the total num-
device, there is no justification in state- ber of turns. A variable condenser or
ments frequently made in radio articles, phone condenser is not used. The for-
which give the impression that there is mer sometimes gives a little better se-
a definite limit to its receiving range. lectivity but at the expense of signal
From a low -power broadcast station the strength; the latter is not necessary for
reliable receiving range of a crystal set broadcast reception. There is no objec-
is, say five miles; in winter the sanie tion to the use of wood for a switch
set may receive high -power stations panel. Tests show that there is less
from a distance of three or four hun- power loss in dry wood at, radio fre-
dred miles. '
quencies than in the average insulating
This article describes a crystal set of material used in radio panels.
satisfactory performance. All struc- Parts and Material
tural details are given so that one need The completed set is shown in operation in
Figure 1. Figure 2 is a photograph of the
not be in doubt as to dimensions. At- set with cover removed. Figure 3 is a plan
tention is called to the importance of drawing and shows the parts and wiring. The
good mechanical design. This require- list below names the parts used and gives the
material required to make them.
ment includes convenience of adjust- A. BASE.
ment, rigid connections, permanent con- Required:
tacts, light, stable contact of the fine One piece of seasoned wood, 8 by 5%
by 4 inches;
wire on the crystal, elimination of jar- four rubber- headed tacks.
HOW TO BUILD
By MORRIS S. STROCIC
IN recent months the radio broad- and a tendency for mediocre stations to
casting services have been greatly im- discontinue transmission.
proved. This development has been In the large communities there are
marked by a reduction of interference now many thousands of people within
through the new assignment of wave- a few miles of. the Class B stations;
lengths, a more uniform distribution of from them comes a demand for simple
stations transmitting good musical pro- receiving apparatus that requires a small
grams (this includes the relaying of mònetary outlay. For this purpose a
programs by wire before broadcasting) crystal set will rive practically perfect
'Published by permission of the Director of the reception.
Bureau of Standards of the U. S. Department of
Commerce. A crystal set may be of rather
486
POPULAR RADIO iaD
FIXED INDUCTANCE-The fixed inductance denser across the coil and this gives the sys-
or coil is continuous winding with two con-
a tem a natural wavelength, which is an unde-
nections, one at the beginning and one at the sirable condition since we usually wish to
end. It may take the form of the single - control the wavelength by means of a variable
layer coil, bank-wound coil, spiderweb coil, condenser connected across the coil. The hon-
honeycomb coil, etc. The purpose of the vari- eycomb coil is especially useful for receiving
ous forms of winding is to decrease the dis- the long wavelengths, while the other forms
tributed capacity of the coil; such inherent of winding are more widely employed on the
capacity acts much the same as a fixed con- short and medium wavelengths.
VARIABLE INDUCTANCE -The variable in- more or less of the coil. Sometimes two
ductance is merely a coil with provisions for switches are provided at opposite ends of the
using a part or the whole of it. There are coil, one for tens of turns and one for single
two fundamental connections; one usually goes turns. Then the two fundamental connections
to the end of the coil and the other to a are to the two switch arms. The old two -
slider, clip, or inductance switch. If an in- slide tuning coil was a little different, in that
ductance switch is used, 'taps are taken off the it had one fixed connection at the end, and
coil five to ten turns apart and connected to also two sliders, one for the primary circuit
switch points. A switch arm makes contact and one for varying the inductance included
with any one of these points, thus cutting in in the secondary circuit.
484 POPULAR RADIO
D.C. GENERATOR OR MOTOR -The D.C. gen- rent. There will usually be two connections
erator is used in radio work to produce the for the generator and also two connections for
high- voltage plate supply for the better class the motor unless the latter is so powerful that
of transmitters. It also finds a use in stepping it requires some sort of starting mechanism.
the voltage down for battery charging. The The local electric companywill have its own
D.C. motor is used for power in the motor - regulations about the sizes of motors requiring
generator set, for driving spark gaps, etc., starters. The motor itself will have two ex-
when the local electric supply is direct cur- ternal connections or terminals.
111
dab GC
GRID CON DEN SRIt -For the purpose of de- condenser method of detection is used in most
tection we must operate the tube at the knee receiving sets and the common value of the
of the "characteristic .curve" by the use of a grid condenser is .00025 mid. One of the
"C" battery or resort to the grid condenser, small mica fixed condensers .is.just as good as
which isolates the grid and allows the nega- something niore expensive. However, do not
tive charge on it to build up through several try to economize by using a paper condenser
cycles instead of changing to positive at each at this point. The grid condenser has two
half cycle as it would normally do. The grid- leads.
GRID LEAK -With the grid -condenser meth- grid leak runs into the millions of ohms, 2
od of detection some means must he provided megohms (2,000,000 ohms) being a common
to allow the negative charge on the grid of value. While there may be some advantage
the tube to leak off gradually: otherwise the in a variable grid leak, it is so difficult to find
charge would build up until the tube was a good one, that the tubular type is perhaps
paralyzed. For this purpose a high- resistance the safest one to use. There are two connec-
path called the grid leak is connected between tions to the grid leak, one to each end of the
the grid and the filament; the value of the resistance unit.
POPULAR RADIO 483
DET
GAL VANOMETER -The galvanometer is a deli- sary to compare unknown values of resistance,
cate instrument for indicating a small electric inductance or capacity with standards of thc
current, but is not used for measuring current. same. It can also be used for wavemeter
That is, it may be used to show when the work in radio. The galvanometer has two
cu -rent is minimum or. maximum, but not the connecting terminals and there will always be
exact value of it. The galvanometer is useful shown two wires running to it in any circuit
in bridge- measurement work where it is neces- diagram.
A.C. GENERATOR OR MoTOR -The A.C. gen- satisfactory than single phase. The single-
erator finds little use in radio work except in phase motor is not inherently a self -starting
spark transmitters but the motor is often used device, and must have some sort of starting
as a source of power for motor -generator sets mechanism incorporated within it; on the
when the local electric supply is alternating other hand the three -phase motor is self -
current. The A.C. generator or motor fre- starting and is much more rugged. The sin-
quently has three terminals in the larger sizes gle -phase motor has two terminals brought
as three -phase distribution of power is more out to binding posts.
POPULAR RADIO 515
FIGURE 2: A simple tned -plate regenerative circuit that includes two stages of
audio -frequency amplification. This circuit is easy to operate and tunes sharply.
'LIFT/ fi'FT2
- 3
that you cannot use more than 22;4 volts on distance I have heard so far, and I an,
the plates of the tubes and still get good
results. The grid return wire should also be wondering if I was hearing it direct or
connected to the negative end of the "A" through the power of station WHN?
battery for best results. Can you shed any light on this phe-
At the same time it would be a saving in
"B" batteries for you to use a "C" battery nomena? I am curious to know if the
included in the grid return wires from your one station was being carried by the
amplifying transformers. These batteries other or just what was happening.
should be connected in the circuit with their
positive terminals connected toward the fila- I have heard something about earth
ment and their negative terminals connected currents which flowed from the earth up
toward the grid. For a "B" battery potential
of 45 volts you need no "C" battery, the nega- into the atmosphere and have also been
tive drop across the filaments will be enough. wondering if these earth currents may
For a potential of 90 volts you should use a not be responsible for some of our dis-
"C" battery of 4.5 volts and for a plate po-
tential up to 135 volts you will require a "C" tance records.
battery of 9 volts. ROY SIIELDON
* * *
J2
Vfl n
C5
,e2
- t
-01111111
B"672!/
that may be more important. These and oil have been .used up is one that .
are the clouds of charged gas or tiny has' agitated economists and. scientific
dust particles that are supposed to be men. for a number of years. It has
shot out frequently from the stn, espe- been raised. again by Dr. E:. E. Slosson,
cially from the great centers of 'solar distingúished American chemist and now
disturbance that we know as sun= spots. Director Of Science Service. We have
One of these clouds hitting-the Heavi- enough coal, of course, for this year
side Layer would give it, probably, a and for quite a few years in the future,
sudden increase of charge: --This might but ultimate exhaustion of it is in-
start a wave downward from the layer evitable, and each increased use of
just as a sudden charge added' to an power brings that fatal day a little
antenna will start a sharp single wave nearer..
outward from it. ' The confidence so often expressed
-
Each click that you :hear when static that science -will find sane way for us
is bad nwji be the signal that 'another to escape this threat of a power -less
,
solar messenger has knocked at the world `i's, Dr. Slosson says, "flattering
outside door of the- earth. =but unfounded." Mainy. sources of
power áre known, but we db' riot know,
Are There Unsuspected Sources in most cases, how to get 'the power
.
going to do for power when all the coal. immediate effbrt, Dr. Slossón .urges, to
Science Service
A SOLAR FIRE -FOUNTAIN 80,000 MILES HIGH
This remarkable photograph made at Mount Wilson Observatory shows one of the
great solar storms that shoot out clouds of charged particles toward the earth.
These particles may be one cause of static. The white circle is the size of the
earth on the same scale.
POPULAR RADIO.. 521.
U. S. Bureau of Standards
THE STANDARD KILOGRAM AND METER BAR -
The fundamental standards of weight and measure, for the United States are the.
standard' kilogram, under the glass case in the center, and the standard meter bar
on the shelf just below. All units, even the electric ones like the volt or the wall,
depend on these two fundamental units and on a third, the second of time.
inventory all possible or probable one of thetñ, these being due to the
sources of power so that intensive attraction of the moon ' and drawing
study of the more promising ones can their energy, really, from' the rotation
be begun. of the earth. Another source to which
All our present power, with negligib:e Dr. Slosson refers is the internal heat
exceptions, comes from the sun. Coal of the earth, now being used in a very
and oil are derived from ancient sun- small way by steam plants located near
light by which the plants that produced vcilcanoes and hot springs. Still another
these fuels grew in former geologic is the power known to be held inside the
ages. Water power is really the power atoms of matter but which cannot be
of the sun, translated into water raised got out except in the quite special in-
from the sea and fallen as rain on the stance of radium and the analogous
land. Winds, wood used for fuel, alco- elements.
hol produced from vegetation; all are All these power sources, Dr. Slos-
manifestations of this sane solar power. son insists, must be studied and evalu-
Much of the solar power that falls on ated if the world is to escape ultimate
the earth's surface is not used. Per- disaster. Still other sources must be
haps engines can be devised to catch thought of and studied too.
and use this. Then there are a few Radio engineers ought to join this
known power sources that are not re- procession. Are there any unsuspected
lated to the sun. The tides constitute radio sources of power? How about,
522 POPULAR RAllIO
for example, radio impulses which may more valuable. Examples are pitch-
be received from time to time from the blende and the similar radioactive min-
sun or other heavenly bodies? These erals. The conductivity of these min-
have been little studied. It may seem erals is good and they have the further
a long step to the idea that power property (because of their radioactiv-
might be got in this way, but stranger ity) that they emit electrons spon-
things have already happened in the tanebusly. Other "prospects" are tan-
brief history of radio. talite and columbite which contain the
rare metals tantalum and columbium,
Better Crystals for Detectors - monazite which contains thorium and
IT is probable, suggests a writer in other unusual elements, samarskite
the Mining Journal (London), that the which contains uranium, and others.
resources of mineralogy have still much It would probably be worth while for
to offer to the radio engineer. Out of some radio enthusiast who has access
some thousands of minerals which the to a good mineral collection to make
mineralogists have identified only a very systematic tests of all the known metal-
few appear to have been tested as crystal lic minerals, not forgetting that different
detectors. Most of the crystals com- fragments of the same mineral often
monly used are metallic sulphides like vary greatly in detecting power and
pyrite, which is a sulphide of iron, or that, accordingly, a number of pieces
galena which is .a sulphide of lead. of each one should be tested, both alone
But there exist, says this writer, many and with a biasing potential such as
other minerals that ought to be even lias to be used with carborundum.
Wart= EtectAc
AN INSTRUMENT USED FOR DESIGNING LOUDSPEAKERS
This special oscillograph was devised for the study of the vibration frequencies in
speech sounds. The voice of the operator at the telephone is magnified and made
visible out a screen so that the other operator may see exactly what frequencies
and wave forms are associated with each vowel and consonant sound and what
happens to each frequency when it passes through electric or magnetic apparatus.
The most important and well known cies (say below 1,500 cycles a second)
one is that of electric distortion in and hoarse and throaty when it lacks
the circuits. This is really a name for the normal higher frequencies. All of
'
the habit of any electric speech- trans- the frequencies from about 200 cycles
mitting apparatus to absorb and remove to 4,000 or over must be present and
from the sound 'some of the frequen- must come satisfactorily through the
cies that ought to be in it. The human - apparatus if the reproduction is to be
voice, for example, sounds sharp and reasonably normal.
nasal when it loses its lower frequen- Then in addition to the electric dis-
G
tortion (determined, of course, by the
41/ A
combined capacities, inductances and re-
sistances of the circuits) there is a mag-
netic distortion due to the fact that
the magnetic properties of iron are not
perfect, that any electromagnetic system
which one can devise will always re-
spond more readily to some frequen-
cies than it does to others.
And when one has solved these two
troubles there are the peculiarities of
the diaphragm to reckon with ; its per-
sistent tendency to seize hold of one
particular frequency that it happens to
like and sing it out at one to the prac-
tical exclusion of all the other tones
that ought to come out too. The horn
or other sound -magnifying device adds
still other peculiarities. Like the dia-
phragm it has its preferences, and it
insists that the listener shall hear them.
Then a loudspeaker must be heard,
usually, in a room, and the room, too,
has its acoustic properties and prefer-
ences. There are echoes and rattles
and the absorption of sound by hang-
ings, all to be reckoned with. A per-
son speaking in a room or anywhere
else adjusts unthinkingly the loudness
. and quality of his voice to the needs
of the circumstances; such as the size
of the room and the number of
auditors. No one has yet invented a
brain for the loudspeaker that will
THE NEW DEMOUNTABLE enable it to do this.
VACUUM TUBE
The parts B and C are of glass, joined to the Finally there are a couple of diffi-
other parts of the tube by the four rubber culties that are in the auditor instead
gaskets indicated by A. M is the grid of of in the apparatus. The human ear
molybdenum wire, the electric connection for
it being at N. The plate is the copper cylin- is one of them. Gallile,o is reported to
`
der O, coaled by the circulation of water in have said that if any optician had sent
the space outside it. The vacuum is produced
and maintained by a pump attached inside the
him an instrument so imperfect as the
cone Q by means of aground -glass joint. human eye he would .have returned it
l'OPULAR RADIO ;>>
in something else and miss whole sen- equipment this impossibility of easy re-
tences of a lecture or a stage perform- pairs must be escaped in some fashion.
ance. They do not seem to mind this Imagine an electric motor that had to
but let the same thing happen for the he thrown away whenever the arma-
same reason with a radio apparátus and ture burned out!
soon letters will be written to the manu- Hence the demand, growing more and
facturer. These psychological and physi- more insistent, for a demountable and
ological peculiarities of us humans have easily repairable form of tube. The
not had from the radio designer as development of such a tube is, we be-
much attention as they deserve. lieve, inevitable. Indeed one form that
Note how many problems in what we has been constructed and is on trial
used to call "pure science" are opened in the Eiffel Tower station at Paris is
up by this one device of the loud - illustrated in the diagram on page 524,
speaker. One is the problem of what which we take from La Nature (Paris).
is magnetism, for if we knew all about The tube is completely demountable; all
the magnetic behavior of iron we could joints are held gas -tight by gaskets of
avoid, probably, the various varieties of special rubber free of volatile matters
magnetic distortion. Others are the and of excess sulphur. The rating is
problems of the interference and reso- 10 kilowatts. the antenna input, at a plate
nance of sound waves in material bodies potential of 5,000 volts, being about
like horns, problems that were investi- 8 kilowatts. The necessary vacuum is
gated so brilliantly by the late Profes- maintained by a pump of special design
sor Sabine of Harvard. Still another to which the tube is attached.
is the problem of cohesion and of what It is natural that the development of
S controls elasticity, for this it is that a demountable tube should begin with
determines the vibratory properties of high-power units of this kind but it
diaphragms. And then there are the may be expected to extend to smaller
problems of human physiology and psy- tubes as well. Even the tubes used
chology, those that concern the mechan- for everyday reception will probably
ism of hearing both in the ear and in the take on before long new designs lead-
brain. ing in this sane direction.
MOST instructions for erecting s:ngle- 1. Remove the secondary condenser
wire antennas provide for cutting the from its place and connect it in parallel
wire at the insulator nearest the house, with the antenna coil.
and then urge precautions against a bad 2. Remove the antenna condenser
connection between antenna and lead - and place it where the secondary con-
in. Often this difficulty can be obvi- denser was first connected.
ated by purchasing enough wire, in one 3. Join the two wires together which
piece, to reach from the far support to were first connected to the antenna
the set, or at least inside the house, so condenser.
that no .joints are exposed to the 4. Place a .00025 mfd. mica fixed con-
weather: Attach the far end of the wire denser across the terminals of the vario-
first, then put the other end through the meter in the plate circuit.
house insulator, draw the wire taut, and The effect of No. 1 is to replace the
give it a few turns around itself before .001 mfd. series condenser in the an-
it is continued as the lead -in. tenna circuit with a .0005 mfd. shunt
Inasmuch as the lead -in should be condenser. This materially increases the
kept several inches from the side of the antenna wavelength range upwards.
house, and insulated where it enters the The effect of No. 2 is to increase the
building, a bare wire serves just as well secondary capacity from .0005 mfd. to
as one that is covered. When, for the .001 mfd. This boosts up the secondary
sake of appearance, an insulated wire wavelength range.
inside the house is desirable, the junc- No. 3 closes the gap in the antenna
tion between bare and insulated wire circuit made by taking out the primary
can easily he soldered, or kept clean if series condenser.
joined otherwise. No. 4 raises the wavelength of the
A small single -pole, single -throw knife plate circuit.
switch, costing about 25 cents, makes You will find that these hints will
this connection conveniently, and affords bring in the "higher" stations with the
additional protection against lightning same robustness that you used to get
when an automatic arrester is used out- the "lower" stations before the wave-
side. length changes went into effect.
* * * * * *
WHEN loading up the old DX receiver IF a regenerative receiver refuses to
(describedin the January issue of oscillate properly, when completed, it 4
POPULAR RADIO) for reception at the would probably help if the builder were
higher wavelengths (lower frequencies) to try a .00025 mfd. fixed condenser
that are now used by some of the connected across the telephones (if a
broadcasting stations, the following single tube is used) .or across the pri-
suggestions will be found of value: mary of the first amplifying trans-
526
POPULAR RADIO 527
former (if more tubes are used). gives a rough approximation of the
* * *
filament current.
Connect three new six -inch dry cells
THE wide use and great popularity
- of the UV -199 radiotron have led to
in series with the tube to be tested and
an ordinary 50 -watt, 110 -120-volt mazda
numerous attempts on the part of un- electric lamp. Figure 1 shows the
scrupulous manufacturers to counterfeit proper connections. If the filament of
this tube. In external appearance some the tube that is being tested does not
of the imitations bear such a close re- take more than 60 milliamperes, it will
semblance to the genuine tube that it is light up almost to normal temperature.
difficult to detect the difference ; even But, if the tube is not a genuine UV -199
the carton markings, the instruction and the filament requires appreciably
sheets .and the trade -marks are copied. more than 60 milliamperes, the re-
However, in spite of the resemblance sistance of the mazda lamp will rise
in appearance, the electric character- due. to the higher current flowing
istics of the counterfeit tubes are very through it, and the voltage on the tube
different from those of the genuine will be so low that its filament will not
UV -199. So far, none of the manufac- light. In making the test, be sure that
turers of the illegal tube has been able the tuba is left in the socket for about
to duplicate the 60- milliampere filament 30 seconds to allow the' mazda lamp
of the UV -199 and most of the counter- filament to heat up to constant temper-
feits require as much as one -fourth of ature.
an ampere. Since the voltage of this \ \%hen the proper electric instruments
filament can easily be made 3.0 volts are available, an even better test is to
or less, the user of such a tube is often use a voltmeter and milliammeter con-
misled by the apparently satisfactory nected exactly as shown in Figure 2.
operation when the tube is first lighted, At three volts the current through the
but he soon finds that his dry battery filament of a genuine UV -199 radiotron
is quickly exhausted and often the' tube lies between 55 and 65 milliamperes.
itself fails in a few hours. For this test high -quality instruments
Of course, the easiest way of deter- must be used as otherwise this test is
mining the current required by the fila- worthless.
ment is to use a milliammeter and a volt- A voltmeter that has a full scale
meter, but as such instruments are not reading of 5 is recommended. For the
in common use among radio experi- milliammeter use an instrument having
menters another simple method de- a full scale reading somewhere between
scribed below may be used which 100 and 250 milliamperes.
The Great Mexican Static Mystery $4,000,000, all of it being used to direct the
WHY is it that the special home and play- movement of the company's fleet of steamships
ground of the static -making forces is in the and thus to control the shipment of bananas
mountains of Northern 'Mexico? All ships' and other fruits to the United States.
* * *
operators agree that the neighborhood of the
Mexican coast is saturated almost continuously Longest One -way Radio Circuit in the World
with squeaks, clicks, roars and scratches. At ONE -WAY traffic is being handled regularly
land stations within Mexican range whenever twice each day from the United Stites Navy
the direction of static is determined most of station at Cavite near Manila to San Fran-
it is found to he coming from the direction of cisco, a distance of 6,221 miles. This is be-
these trouble- snaking hills just south of the lieved to be the longest regular radio circuit
border of the United States. There is no in the world.
obvious reason for this. The Mexican moun- * * *
tains are not especially high nor especially Language Study by Radio
afflicted with thunderstorms. With a few ex-
tinct exceptions, they are not volcanic: Who- THE broadcasting station at Manchester,
ever can solve the mystery of' why this England, is reported to be supplying its pa-
particular part of the earth is so cursed with trons with short programs in French, Spanish.
atmospheric disturbances may go a long way German and Italian, in addition to the regular
toward solving the other problems of the ori- English program. It is usually admitted that
gin and nature of all static, problems which the chief difficulty in mastering any foreign
are still so entirely mysterious. Have our language is lack of opportunity for hearing it
readers who live near the Mexican border any spoken regularly. This radio innovation ought
suggestions? to provide an easy means for this without
* * * the expense of foreign travel. Many prophets
Advance Scat Sale for -Radio Concerts have predicted that radio is to give us a uni-
versal language. Perhaps it will, but there is
IN a family that owns only one receiving another possibility. When listening becomes
set, it has been necessary' to reduce the receiv- regularly international, which it will soon if
ing schedule to a system of advance reserva- the improvement of apparatus continues, it
tions. A schedule sheet is kept for each eve- may be that radio listeners will learn all the
ning hour for a week or two ahead. When languages. Many travelers have remarked that
Mother reads in the paper that a song she most of the natives of Switzerland, because
especially wants to hear is to be sent out by of constant contact with many languages, speak
a certain station at nine o'clock Tuesday eve- French. English, German and Italian equal].
ning she reserves that hour on the sheet. That well. There is no reason -why this should not
holds the hour for that station and for her be general all over the world. Perhaps it
against claims of other members of the faintly. will be when a generation of boys and girls
Sister may reserve Thursday evening for jazz has grown up under the nightly influence of
from her favorite band and invite in her international broadcasting.
friends, secure in the knowledge that no one * * *
else will have pre-empted the set that evening
for a missionary lecture or the report of a Advertising Towns by Radio
prize fight. THE first municipality that has attempted to
* I * spread its fame by means of its own broad-
Yes, Radio Will Help Us Get Bananas casting station is Union Hill, New Jersey. A
THE United Fruit Company. which supplies broadcasting transmitter is to be installed in
most of the bananas to the United States is in- the rooms of the local hook-and -ladder com-
stalling six new radio stations in Central pany and the beauties and commercial advan-
America and at Gulf ports. This will bring the tages of Union Hill will he sung nightly over
cost of this company's radio system to over the ether.
ti?S
POPULAR RADIO 529
Radio for the Land of Ancient Babylon by ear or from the printed page became equally '
A NETWORK of radio stations for local com- available by turning this radio library to the
munication as well as for contact with the book or the wave that one happened to desire.
outside world is to be one of the first devel- * * *
opments, it is announced, of the great Cl.ester Radio Batteries Made frorü Old Automobile
Concession coveringg large
g parts of Asiatic Batteries
Turkey and Mesopotamia, a concession that AUTOMOmLE batteries usually contain three
was recently confirmed by the new Turkish cells connected in series. It frequently hap-
Government. Thus the oldest civilized country pens that an auto battery is discarded because
1b in the world, the land of ancient Babylon, will one of the three cells in it has gone bad, the
receive the benefits of the newest invention. other two being perfectly good. By removing
Roads that were built by Chaldean kings more the two good cells, or merely by short- circuit-
than six thousand years ago and that were ing the one had one, the radio fan has a per-
traversed each day by the king's messengers fectly good two -cell battery for use experi-
in the first of all postal systems can still be mentally or on his radio set.
traced on the desert and along the rivers.
But now the messages will move over them
in a hundredth of a second instead of in many
days.
* * *
Running Your Radio with Wind -power
ACCORDING to the Scientific American Mr.
A. I. Root, of Florida, has connected his wind-
mill to a battery -charging dynamo and secures
thereby enough electricity to run his automo-
bile. Why would not this be a good idea for
the radio fan who lives in the country where
battery- charging service is difficult to obtain?
A small generator could be connected to the
family windmill and the batteries charged au-
tomatically whenever the radio set was not
itself in use.
* * *
A Forecast in Fiction of Radio Broadcasting
LITERARY students have called attention re-
cently to the fact that "Looking Backward,"
a novel of the future written by Edward Bel-
lamy and one of the best sellers in the early
nineties, contains a good description of to-
day's broadcasting. The hero is supposed to
have been transported to the year 2000 and
in the houses of that period he finds "music
rooms" containing nothing but some electrical
apparatus and a few switches. By turning a
knob or two the householder of that period
can have any selection he desires out of a
number that are on tap for each hour of the
clay. Science has anticipated Mr. Bellamy by
77 years. What will radio have led to when
the year 2000 really does arrive?
* * *
Successful Radio Navigation of an Airplane
THE air service of the French Government
carried out recently an interesting experiment
with radio navigation. An airplane flew from
Sainte Assise to Tours and back again with -
out any guide beyond the radio compass bear-
ing of the radio station at the former town.
The pilot did not look at the ground nor
make use of his maps. The bearing of the
radio signals was reported to him moment by
moment by an assistant and the course was Atlantic Photo Service
steered by this means alone.
* * *
A RADIO PLAYWRIGHT
Looping the Library Clyde Agnew Criswell has the distinction of
being among the first, if not the very first
A FRENCH amateur, lacking available mate- author io write a play especially for radio -
rials for a revolving loop aerial, solved the prob- broadcasting-which is developing a technique
lem recently by winding some turns of wire' of its own. Several of his plays have been
around his revolving bookcase. Entertainment broadcast from Station WDAR.
530 POPULAR RADIO
The Natural IV'avelength of the Earth simultaneously, not only in all parts of the
THE size of the earth is such, says Dr. Four-
United States but over all parts of the civ-
nier d'Albe, that it has a natural vibration ilized world. -
* * *
period of 15 cycles a second, corresponding Radio Fog Signals That Give Both Distance
to a wavelength of 20,000,000 meters. If we and Direction
could produce a wave of this length we might
set the whole earth into electromagnetic vibra- THE familiar radio compass that informs a
tion just as an organ note will shake the fog -bound ship of the direction of selected
walls and floors of a room. What would shore stations has been supplemented on the
happen? It is an interesting problem for the Maas lightship off the coast of Holland by a
radio theorists to solve. sound -transmitting device which gives the
* * * ship captain his air -line distance from the
Relay Broadcasting to Reach All the World lightship as well as his direction. A radio
wave through the ether and a special sound
A SIGNIFICANT experiment has been tried re- wave through the water are sent out simul-
cently both in England apd in America; this taneously from the lightship. The ships off
is the connecting of two or more broadcast- shore can pick up both. The radio signal gives
ing stations by land lines so that the same pro- the direction in the usual manner and the
gram can be broadcast simultaneously from all length of time that the sound signal lags be-
stations. In the United States, WEAF in hind the radio signal gives the distance. The
New York and WCAP in Washington have radio signal is, of course, practically instanta-
been linked several times in this way. As neous while the sound wave requires a little
many as four stations have been linked on over a second to travel each mile.
special occasions. In England, three stations * * *
of the British Broadcasting Company have Naming the Radio Baby
been linked experimentally. There is no rea-
son why this cannot be extended. Linkage A RECENT arrival, Master Wallace Gordon
can be accomplished not only by land lines Yadon, has been named for WGY. Now is
but by powerful radio waves on a longer wave- the time for some Hottentot or other gentle-
length. It is not impossible that before long man possessed of a clicky, stick -breaking lan-
we may have special programs on the air guage to name his baby after static.
.t ,
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51
532 POPULAR RADIO
1.100 meters. Brussels, Belgium, BAN', (pronouced 2,200 ureters, Madrid, Spain. (pronounced "mah-
"brewscll"). Daily weather report (in French). 7:00 dreed." The word for Spam in Spanish is "es-palm -
A.M. and 11:00 A.m. Concerts Tuesdays and Thurs- ya ), EGC. News and notices, in Spanish, week-
days at 4:00 P.M. and Sundays at 1:00 P.M. days. 6:00 to 8:00 A.M.
1,300 meters, Haren, Belgium, OPO. The same meters, Lyngby, Denmark (pronounced "lecng-
2,400
weather report as from the Brussels station at same lee), OXE. Weather reports and news. in Danish
hours. (occasionally in English), 3:30 A.M., 9:40 A.M. and
7,350 meters, Lausanne, Switzerland, (pronounced 2:45 P.M. daily. Concerts. 1:30 to 2:45 P.s,. week.
"law.sahn"). Daily concerts at somewhat variable days.
hours, usually beginning about 12:00 noon. 2,600 meters, Paris, France, Eiffel Tower station,
1.780 meters, Paris, France, Radiola" Station, FL. Weather reports, 1:40 A.M:, 6:15 A.M.. 1:20 Pat.
SFR. The most popular station in France. Concerts and 5:15 P.M. daily. Stock exchange quotations at
and general programs (in French), week -days 6:00
A.M., 11:15 A.M., 3:00 to 4:00 rat.; Sundays 8:00 to
9:30 A.M. weekdays. Concert. 12:10 P.M. daily and
frequently also in the evening, 3:00 to 7:00 P.si.,
t^
10:00 A.M. and 3:00 to 4:30 P.M. Special dance New York time.
music 4:00 to 5:00 P.M., Thursdays and Sundays. 2,700 meters, Berlin. Germany (pronounced "hear-
News, 2:45 P.M. week-days. Stuck exchange quota- ken"), LP. Daily program, in German, 6:00 to 7:00
tions. 11:00 A.M. week -days. A.M. This station also broadcasts on 4.000 meters.
1.800 meters, Prague,, CzekoSlovakia, (pronounced (See below.)
"prahg "), PRG. Weather and news somewhat ir 2,930 ureters, Eberswalde, Germany (pronounced
regularly, usually about 2:00 A.M., 5:00 A.M. and "abears- valldeh ") Daily programs in German, 7:00
10:00 A.M. This station also broadcasts on 4,500 to 8:00 A.M., 2:00 ío-"3:00 P.M. Special., ,concerts
meters. (See below.) Tuesdays and Saturdays, 12:30 to 1:30 P.m.
3,000 meters, Budapest, Hungary, 11B. News. in
Hungarian and German, week -days. 6:30 to 7:30 A.ai.
3,100 meters, Lyons. France (pronounced "lee- ong "),
YN. News (in French) and phonograph selections,
weekdays, 4:45 to 10:00 A.M.
3,200 meters, Rome, Italy (pronounced "roan -ah ").
Cdncert daily, 4:00 to 5:30 A.M.
4,000 wcfers,. Begrlin, Germany. (See tinder 2.700
meters, abot:et-). On 4.000-meters' mtves (in German)
is broadcast daily 1:00 A.M. to 2:00 A.M., .6:00 to
7:30 A.M. and 10:00 A.M. to 12:30 P.M. Music is
broadcast Sundays between 5:00 and 6:00 A.M.
4.500 mctcrs, Prague, Czeko lovakia. (See under
1,800 meters above.) On 4,500 meters concerts are
broadcast at 4:00 A.M., 9:00 A.m. and 4:00 r.si.
I nuerna[innxl
Wire Antennas Better Than coil into any shape desired. It was connected
to a .001 -mfd. condenser and a crystal detector
Copper Ribbons and a pair of telephone receivers.
FROM a Philadelphia reader comes A Kolster wavemeter was used as the
this pertinent hit of information, "driver."
Readings were taken on five different set-
prompted by the constantly recurring tings namely, 170, 210, 275, 365 and 450 meters.
suggestion that the standard copper - The results are shown in the table below. The
round coil gave the maximum inductance (self -
wire antenna may be improved by cop- induction), the D- shaped coil slightly less,
per in other forms: while the figure eight coif nati considerably
less inductance.
While many of the writers on radio recom-
mend the use of a copper ribbon for an an- The star- shaped coil had less than any of
tenna, especially for use on crystal sets, be- those tested.
cause of its greater "skin effect," the Bureau Unfortunately the capacity sheet was not
of Standards at Washington considers the dis- furnished with the wavemeter and therefore
advantages of such an antenna to be greater it was not possible to take distributed capac-
than its benefits. In a letter to a Philadel- ity readings.
phian, William T. Inns, in response to a re- The following is a list of the wavelengths
quest by him for information concerning the for each coil together with the condense:
copper- ribbon antenna, the Bureau wrote that settings:
it did not recommend such an antenna for re- Condenser
ceiving purposes, as little advantage would be setting
gained by its use. Such an antenna is subject Coil Wavelength in degrees
to excessive stresses in sleet and wind storms 0-shape 170 meters 13
and would, therefore, not be as permanent as D -shape 16
the ordinary single -wire antenna. 8 -shape
41
20
-BERNARD KLI MAN Star -shape 22
0-shape 210 meters 22
Practical Experiments with Coils D-shape 26
" Secret" Radiophone Messages West and Havana, the longest telephone en cult
on record was that set up between Catalina
"SECRET COmnluniCaliun" by radio is Island in the Pacific and the island of Cuba in
already an established fact, as was de- the Atlantic. This circuit was remarkable for
its character as well as for its length.
scribed in the May number of POPULAR Heretofore talks over the Catalina Island
RADIO which included a description of link while clear and understandable to those
M. Edouard Belin's remarkable appara- using the service, have also been picked up by
amateur radio receiving stations in the neigh-
tus that literally "scrambles" radio code borhood, but the privacy system which was
messages on the transmitting device designed by the American Telephone and Tele-
and re-assembles them on the receiver. graph Company has remedied this situation. It
is not claimed that the new system is abso-
Now comes an invention that does some- lutely secret, but at least privacy has been ob-
what the sanie thing for radio tele- tained, so that no one will inadvertently over-
hear the conversations.
phone communication. While any one familiar with this system,
The radio telephone link between Los and possibly an ingenious person not familiar
Angeles and Catalina Island, 30 miles off the with it, might devise a set which could listen
coast of California, has set a new record in to the system, such a set would be much more
the history of conmiunication; it is the scene complicated than the ordinary set, and the
of the first trial on a commercial basis of a added complication would be of no value ex-
private radio telephone system insuring se- cept for picking up transmission over this
crecy to its users. system. It is, therefore, not likely that many
This radio "talk bridge" across the 30-mile people will undertake this work.
gap of water separating Catalina from the Such a privacy system may he compared to
California coast is unique in many respects. a lock and key. A person relies upon a lock
It was designed and installed in 1920 to give to secure his house and other property and is
two -way talk between the mainland and an not much troubled by the possibility of a thief
island 30 miles at sea, and has "proved in" breaking in to steal. However, this is always
on a commercial basis, giving satisfactory a possibility. The privacy system presents an
transmission throughout the year. analogous case. For all practical cases it in-
The wireless link connects Catalina Island sures the requisite privacy to a radio tele-
not only with Los Angeles but also, through phone conversation, bpt it does not make im-
the trunk lines of the telephone system, it con- possible the designing of a special set near
nects the island residents with every commer- enough like the receiving sets used in the
cial center in the United States. After the system itself, to transform the messages into
laying of the telephone cable between 'Key more or less intelligible form.
By placing each of your telephone car -pieces in a teacup you can make a satis-
factory loudspeaker -ifthere is an audio frequcncyanphfier included in your sci.
A limited nu.tnb'er of questions of general scientific interest will be answered each
month in this department. Readers arc invited to send in questions that itac puzzled
them -but the selection of questions for answer cannot be guaranteed nor can ques-
tions outside the radio field be answered by mail.
makes a little- shàdów. Then this 'intermittent be as large or larger. than the '.gap betweën
light beam. is' sent off to a' distant. 'station, them... The following table gives the appróxi
where a mirror reflects it back again. By mate- 'òltages for'sjtarks of different lengths
measuring jbst how: far one tooth: of .the wheel between four -inch balli. -
has moved while the light was on its way one -tenth inch 8,000 volts
to the other station and back the speed of the one-quarter inch. 20,000 volts
light is calculated. The speed of radio waves one -half inch 40,000 volts
cannot be measured in this way but compari- one inch 70.000 volts
sons of the time signals from American and two. inches 125,000 volts
European stations prove that the speed of three inches 165,000 volts
radio is the same, approximately at least, as four inches 200,000 volts
the speed of light, that is, 186,326 miles a Above about 200,000 volts the readings by
second. this method are not sufliciently reliable.
Why do different substances differ in Sonie electrical apparatus is referred
specific gravity? to as having a power of so many
FOR one of two reasons; either because the "kva." Docs this mean the sanie as
atoms themselves are heavier or because they kilowatts?
are clbser together. The heaviest atoms
known are those of uranium, but there are NOT exactly. If you arc dealing with direct
several substances that are heavier in bulk. current the power of a dynamo or motor is
The heaviest known substance is the metal measured by the product of the current (in
called osmium. A cubic inch of this will amperes) and the voltage (in volts). This gives
weigh nearly twice as much as the saine volume you watts, thousandths of a kilowatt. This
is a simple calculation. But with alternating
'
of lead.
current the calculation of the power in watts
What is meant by "the C. G. S. or kilowatts is less simple. The product of
units? volts and amperes is not always exactly equal
to the watts of power. So this product, which
This is scientific shorthand for the system remains a convenient way to describe the ap-
of units of length, weight, electricity and every- paratus, is given a symbol of its own, "kva."
thing else based on the three fundamental This means "kilo-volt -amperes." one thousand
units of the centimeter for length, the gram times the product of volts and amperes. 1.000
for weight and the second for time. The foot - kva means a machine that is delivering (or
pound, for example, is not a C.G.S. unit, since using) 1,000 amperes at 1,000 volts, or 10.000
it involves the foot instead of the centimeter amperes at 100 volts, and so on.
Please mention l'opt ;t.Ak R;umt ruhen unsteering advertisement,.
,Oy,
NQeNs,:tg
°°`"°
r+NAn..-,.:°
S..J^'t:M:y ..!.
aw r-
important -
exact size you want. And -
give you, without a moment's delay, the
what is more
you get the proper insulation
1-6x 7x%
2 -7x 9x%
S- 7x18x3/16
6- 7x21x3/16
for successful results in radio receiving. 3- 7x 12x% 7- 7x24x3/16
Celoron is recognized by radio experts as 4-7x 14x3/16 8-12x 18x3/16
the best material for insulation purposes.
Its high dielectric strength makes it the ideal We also furnish Celoron in full sized sheets
panel material. and in-tube's, and can panels in special
sizes when'desired.If our dealer hasn't yet
Used by leading manufacturers stocked Celoron panels, ask him to order for
you, or write direct to us, indicating by
Many of the leading manufacturers of radio number the size you want.
equipment use Celoron in making their
standard parts. It is approved by the U. S. Send. or free booklet
Navy Department Bureau of Engineering
and the U. S. Signal Corps. "Tuning in on a New World" is the title of
a booklet we have prepared especially for the
Celoron Radio Panels come ready -cut in radio fan. It cot tains a list of the leading
eight standard sizes, selected to meet the broadcasting stai ions in the United States
needs of the set -builder. Each panel is neatly and Canada, an t xplanation of symbols used
wrapped in glassine paper to protect the in radio diagrams and several popular radio
handsome surface. hook -ups. This it ooklet will be sent without
Celoron panels arc readily worked with charge, on reques t.
To radio dealers: Write for special dealer price list showing standard assortments
CONDENSITE
ELORON
STANDARD RADIO PANEL
11
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Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Brandes
'
SUPERIOR
$6óo
NAVY TYPE
ao
Radio Headsets
1 2
Please mention PorcLAR RAM when answering adverlicemeao.N.
Brandes
the 'Table-Talker/ -
13
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I`t-
showing ampli-
111111=1
Radio-Frequency Mi.Z\11
250
25
300 350 400 450 500 550 fication factor
of Dubilier
Duratran over
wavelength
Amplification
rA1011101\11 bvs
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1==1111
band
meten.
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225 -550
over all =
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wave lengths Q
11111 ° 1\1omit-
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14
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advcrtisemcnls.
DEVICES
The Ducon in a Light-Socket
takes the place of
the antenna or loop
The Dubilier Ducon is the stan-
dard socket-plug. Four hundred
thousand are in successful use.
Simply screw the Ducon in any
convenient lamp- socket, and the
broadcasting station comes in strong
and clear.
No lightning arresters or switches
are needed.
Tuning is sharper than with the
usual antenna.
If unsatisfactory, your money will
be refunded after five days' trial.
Price $1.50.
Bulletin PR, a simply worded, accurate descrip-
tion of radio -frequency amplification, with valuable
hookups, will be sent you on request.
Dubilier Condenser
& Radio Corporation
48 -50 West Fourth Street, New York
BRANCH OFFICES
Huntington, W. Va., Atlanta, Ga., Pittsburgh, Pa., Chicago, Ill., St. Louis Mo.,
Los Angeles, Cal., Washington, D. C.
15
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Quality Amplification
LOW LOSS STEEL
LAYER WINDING
NO SHORTCIRCUITEO TURNS
SHELL TYPE
CORE
MINIMIZING
HOWLING
LI.: :, L. t.>4elc
SOLDERED AIR GAP
ro NNECT IONS AVOIDING
DISTORTION
High mu or low mu, when you amplify you must be sure that you do not
distort because maximum amplification by itself does not necessarily
mean satisfaction. You should seek maximum amplification with mini-
mum distortion over the entire audio frequency range.
This problem has been studied for nearly a decade in our laboratory. Its result is expressed in
our Type í.31A amplifying transformer. Not only has this transformer a high amplification
factor but the amplification is nearly uniform throughout the audio range. This flat curve
makes it unnecessary to employ the cumbersome method of using different makes of trans
formers for 2 stage amplification. Use an engineering designed transformer. It costs no more
Turns ratio 3.7 to 1
Impedance ratio 10 to 1
16
Please mention POPULAR RAUIO when answering advertisements.
GUARANTEED RADIO
Results can only be relied on with standard make instruments that are
guaranteed by a reputable manufacturer. The General Radio Company
has been guaranteeing its instruments for nearly a decade. When you
are adding to your set consider these guaranteed instruments.
TYPE 299
TYPE 301
17
Please mention l 'Oi'ULA H RADIO tullen answering advertisemenis.
1:1radio
TELERADIO PRODUCTS
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
9te Eagle
,33alanced -J eutrodyne
RADIO RECEIVER
Balanced tube capacities, as infinitely the novice, as for the most adept,
scrupulous as the balance of a jew- with the Eagle Balanced Neutrodyne
elers' scale, makes impossible regen- Receive -. All tuned circuits. Each
eration, reradiation, static disturb- receiver individually tested and in-
ance and all body capacity effects. spected from beginning to completion.
Therefore, the Eagle Balanced Netaro- Quality, not quantity, production in
dyne Receiver has greater range, order to sustain a well- respected
crystal -clear reception and easy, pos- reputation. Guaranteed without
itive operation. As fine reception for reservations.
19
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
K-...r1ff;R
°IL ®`
ui3iPiioÑE
Knowledge stored up during many years of
phonograph reproduction and electro acoustic
experience now released' to the radio world -
thru the AUDIPHONE.
O radio receiver is better exactly as broadcasted
I .90
enables us to render an unusually exact and prompt service
to radio experimenters. Because many of the remarkable
results described by Mr. Cockaday are directly depon.
dent upon the use of new and differently designed ma
/ / Haynes- Grithn,
.35
.00025 mfd. fixed Condenser
with Leak mounting .45
tenta, we are prepared to furnish the identical apparatus
recommended by him. without changes or substitutions
/ / 41 West 43rd Street.
New York City.
Meg. Leak
005 fixed Condenser
Haynes -Griffin 20 ohm Rheostat
.50
.60
of any kind. Much of this material was originally
designed by A. J. Haynes and cannot be obtained
elsewhere. / / Send me at once complete
data and price on all m -
terial mentioned by Mr. Cock -
//
.85
aday in the four articles on the
Parcel Post Prepaid in U. S. any. Haynes Circuit and Super- Hetero,
The above list covers only certain of the most
ssential and special apparatus required by
hose building one or all of the units described.
where east of the Mississippi River
21
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Eveready No.
764 "8" Bat-
.
tery, 2256
volts. 3p
inches long.
24( inches
1a wide, 5,%
inches high,
weight 2 h Ibs.
Price S2.25
everywhere
EVEREADY
Radio Batteries
- basier
they lest
The
?.
` n!I----
. ,
5'I4ä.. Yb ig`r`sP..
Select the station
you want to hear
on indoor antenna or loop
/i r
i
a _ r
Radio Frequency
Amplifier Unit
with BALLANTINE
Variotransformer F
yy
.v Q ..
25
Please menlion POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
The
Size only Original
.it x l %x33/.r Honeycomb Wound Coils
Popular low -priccd favorites of
the amateur and experimenter.
Maintained at a standard of
excellence second to none. Sold
mounted or unmounted.
New Coto Compact Moulded
Bakelite Variometer
Notice the Honeycomb wound stator. By this means a range
of 200 to 600 meters is obtained in unusually small space.
Here is a Variometer positive in action. Pigtail connection
to rotor prevents clicking contacts. Mounts either on panel Coto Tapped Radio
Frequency Transformer
or base. Once you handle it you will take
it home. Type 8000. a 0 Efficiently covers the whole broad-
casting range because it is TAP-
PED. Just turn the
Jobbers !Dealers ! switch. Type 5000... $7
tV 50
The radio parts business is the foundation of your success.
Coto offers you salability and reliability. Write for descrip-
tions and prices.
27
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Every Question
ANSWERED
for only $1
At last you have under one cover
Tame the Wild Waves a Complete Radio Handbook
with a Service Type 212 Re-
ceiver. Will tune through JUST OUT
local phone and telegraph 514 PAGES
interference and get the dis- Compiled by
tant stations. 30 inches loop HARRY F. DART,
B.S.E.E.
antenna furnished with set.
Formerly with the
Western Electric
Co., and U. S.
Name
4745 Montgomery Ave.
Norwood, O. Address
I
28
/'lPtlse mention POPULAR RADII/ when answering advertisements.
goes to five hundred thousand creators of Their own buying power, already large,
the radio business. Over half a million is ever increasing. Their influence on
dyed -in- the -wool radio fans, averaging buying is decisive. The radio manufac.
15% to 16 years old, read it regularly turer who is winning their interest and
from cover to cover. THE AMERICAN BOY enthusiasm for his product, by advertis-
hits them right when their radio interest ing to them in their own magazine, is feel.
is all- consuming; when their spending ing the results in increased sales in every
money is considerable, and when their corner of the country.
knowledge of radio holds the respect and Copy reaching us by December 15th
interest of their elders. will catch the February issue.
29
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Ordinarily You
Would Pay From This Way You
$12500 to $25000 Pay Only $65oó
vi-
The Copper Giant "A" Battery FOR EFFICIENCY USE
For WDI I, WDI 2 and other low voltage
tubes. Equal to 20 dry cells. Can stand
idle for years without deterioration and re-
FRAMINGHAM
quires no attention whatever. Can be
DE LUXE PARTS
furnished mounted in radio cabinets. Write
for circular. Ask Your Dealer
THE COPPER GIANT BATTERY CO., Lansdowne, Pa.
30
Pieuse mewliau POPULAR RADIO when answering udrerlisemeul.c.
ideie Cód
:1',ì OZa
W.
IIIIIIIIIillilllllllllilllllllllllillli IIIIIilliilllllllllllllllilllllllllllllll
1"Pioneer" Variocoupler
$700
U
PIONEER!' Price $1.50
Beauty is Only
Skin Deep? Actual Size of the Midget Condenser
32
Pkase mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
011rNttttnnttl Jtwtitutp
(Organhard 1914
ilr11isLLuntx
ft f/rrttf[rs tllatftli 03I1
-91loArlciAl1
t. d. ..r-¡w. d f...fy d at. Ola.-1
1- . , fä
n...ra.ey.fle.Ly-`+4yr.feiJr.-s;;Arnrs.lrGL.-,t
r.i .f ... L',4
.1r
1 91 8,4
33
Please mention Pol'uLA6 Ram° when answering advertisements.
It `- ° -.:.:/.. ,
f.
q ,
II. W
I
i i. '
ò ó
SV: W
c
t1,. d,
.
34
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
ATWAT KENT
RADIO EQUIPMENT
..1a4en I
1H E WORLDS HIGHEST GRADE IGNITION
STARTING AND LIGHTING
35
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Percent
Write for profitable. Wire us today.
new Illus-
trated Cat-
alog (P -12)
Patent
Radio Es- MORRISON LABORATORIES, Inc.
sentials RADIO ESSENTIALS 345 Jefferson Ave., East; Detroit, Mich.
36
Please mónhon POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
ae
-M
Here It Is!
DISTRIBUTORS FOR
Radio Corporation of America
Westinghouse
General Electric . /j' HMMECrS Erocv
Murdock r
Fada
ar
Remler
Frost
Brandes I RADI o A
CCOPEDI
PPARArils
Pacent
Burgess
Baldwin
I Price List 2313
P
Sign
Acme
R hamstine
Kellogg
Holtzer-Cabot
Connecticut
General Radio
Radio Service
Homecharger
Brach
CheLoes
Arkay
Clapp.Eastham
and oth.rlr
manufact
, If
>v
R6MDfIIÑ,j
Send for it
f 530-534 FERNANDO
_ ST.
cu NOW
&
PITTSBURGN,PENNA
1
37
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering adverlisemenls.
.r... r..rrrrrrrarrrrrrrrr...rrzarrrrrr
The
U -RAD UII
No Extra Battery
Connections -PRICE
(II-PAD LHBORATORIES,INC.
809 FIFTH AVE ASBURY PARK.NEW JERSEY
rrrrrrrrr.rr.rr.r.rr4r_trerrrrar.r..
`6¡/,NefeloyeWtyyte2i Y:1iY°/'. Rolfeifol'!if1YYeelitiffetalkbri t.,Afr rePWV.WArtieregreim,oJ
Radio
j,
lie litho
ency
Frequency
=
4LoJ;
., Radio Frequency Unit
The New United Radio Frequency Unit with any standard radio frequency, Reflex, Inverse
Type RU -1 has nothing to equal it in efficiency, Duplex or Ncutrodyne Circuits.
design and amplification. ?i
United Audio Frequency Transformer
7
'N
The very latest design in Radio frequency Amplifier
-reduces capacity effect to a minimum -short
leads (not necessary to be longer than 1 "). Units
Made in 2 ratio: Al -5 to 1; A2-3.5 to 1. Fin
fished in Black with Nickel trim. For one, two or
-%i
r/ can be placed close together when two or more stages more stages of Audio Frequency Amplification.
are used. Handsomely finished in black and polished
i nickel-2;C square.
United Radio Frequency Transformer
200 -600 meters. It has an air core and impreg-
nated windings. Can be used for table panel or
United Condensers -Both Vernier and Plain
Have become the Standard Condensers through
their unequalled performance in all circuits.
Write for complete catalog of United Quality Radio
..
socket mounting. It has a highly polished nickel Products, tells how to make a power amplifier out of 7,
finish -with black ends. Gers excellent results an audio Transformer. OS
1
X Audio =
`! 42 = 6 -
'. iv United mfg. &Distributing Co.
' re cy
Frequ.ency t 9704 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, 111. Condenser
Transformer
{ N . Y. Office: 50 Church St., New York, N. Y Y. .
_ Vernier and Plain -
2$
s.
'T{j'¡
èra
= SO- ''
-'
))l4reMtlsriO:l"Atfl112
San Francisco Office: É 09 Mission St.. San Fran-
co. Cal.
ä
010:iä6!VAPA!lraW10004/41010/40:0 1%4W N
to $
SQ
úl;W
îS
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
ACE r20
TYPEArmstrong
Regenerative
Formerly called
Cros ley Model V Receiver
GENLUINE
JEFFERSONS
The Standard Audio
Frequency Transformers
No matter what circuit you wish to com-
Heath's
plete, there is a JEFFERSON Audio Frè-
quency Amplifier which will insure 100%
Radiant Condensers
tune
Heath Radiant Condensers will as per-
Amplification, the elimination of distortion fectly years later as they do the day you
install them. The plates, (which in other
and the quiet easy tuning so eagerly sought condensers buckle and get out of alignment) in
after. Radiant Condensers are made permanent-
ly FLAT by a patented process. They are
pressed into absolute flatness and then tem-
FIVE JEFFERSON TYPES pered, so that they can never lose that
flatness! Look for the Radiant trade-mark,
to choose from-manufactured by the pio- impressed on every rotary plate of Heath's
Radiant Condensers.
neers in the audio frequency transformer
field. Right from the start put Jeffersons
Vernier, Geared Like a Watch
Adjusting knob geared to vernier plate so
in your set -don't experiment -expert that an ordinary turn is reduced to micro-
meter fineness. Positive, accurate, durable.
Radio Engineers, after careful and exhaus- No play. Separate tension adjustment.
tive tests have found them perfect in every Write for illustrated booklet and name
detail of construction. of the nearest Radiant Dealer.
PRICES
DESCRIPTIVE BULLETIN sent free Vernier Type
13 Plate including 2%' dial and knob......... $5.00
and our Engineering Department will be 25 Plate including 214" dial and knob .. 5.50
45 Plate including 2V' dial and knob 6.50
glad to make recommendations as to the Jobbers and Dealers Write
proper transformer to be used in any cir- Immediately for Proposition
cuit
HEATH RADIO
Jefferson Electric Mfg. Co. & Electric Mfg. Co.
427 S. Green Street Chicago 204 First Street
Newark, N. J. U. S. A.
40
Please mention Pol'uLAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
KELLOGG SWITCHI3OARD
SUPPLY COMPANY
- CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
.t W- - ----_-J
41
P!ea ce mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Elgin
PRECISION CONDENSERS
Permanent accuracy and rigidity are built into Elgin
Precision Condensers. Plates are made of specially
hard rolled aluminum and are of uniform thickness
throughout. Special process spacers assure uniform
spacing of plates. Adjustable vernier shaft makes it
possible to use the Elgin Vernier Type Condenser on
any thickness of panel and with dials of different thick-
nesses.
FULLY GUARANTEED
See your local (" ealer. If he cannot
supply you send his name with
Capacity Plain 'ea.,,,er your order to
-
Size
3 Plate .000063 M. F. 51.75 $ --
11 Plate .00025 M. F. 2.40 4.00
17 Plate .00035 2.75 The Elgin Tool Works
23 Plate .0005 3.00 4.50 Incorporated
43 Plate .001 4.00 5.50 69 N. State St.
3" diameter composition dials, 50c extra ELGIN, ILL.
LZ*-76)--
CONTROL -O- METER.
You don't have to be annoyed any longer by a To assist you in quickly setting the Control -O-Meter,
jumble of words and music from two broadcasting each instrument is individually calibrated in our labora-
stations when you want to hear one of them. Through tory and a chart provided showing the setting for each
the development of the Control-O- Meter, the simplest wave length.
set is made as selective as the most complicated and yet The Control -O- Meter, with its piano finished ma-
the addition of this instrument will not increase the hogany cabinet, faced with a polished bakelite panel
difficulty of tuning. All you have to do is to connect and handsome dial, matches the best of standard
your antenna to one convenient binding post of the sets.
Control -O-Meter and your set to another, then turn The Control -O -Meter is a perfected instrument that
the Control-O -Meter dial until the interfering station has made good in the most congested radio districts in
disappears -and the only way you can bring the station the United States. You will get results the moment
back is to change the Control-O-Meter setting. you turn the dial.
MA]IoO>\YIE-LEMA4ON PRODUCTS
Auk Ii! STEPHENSON LABORATORIES
342 MADISON AVENUE
NEW YORK CITY
42
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
The SOdi.
0 Tube
((Sodium -Ion)
is many times more sensitive and produces far
stronger signals than any detector yet developed.
Due to the fact that it cannot be made to oscillate,
it not only eliminates any semblance of whistles or
beat -note howls in your own reception, but does
not interfere with the reception of others.
At a meeting of the Institute of Radio Engineers where this
tube was being demonstrated, a prominent Scientist and
Radio Engineer. in contrasting this with the action of the
ordinary detector, dubbed it
"THE GOLDEN RULE TUBE"
Stable and uniform in operation. Runs for hours withou t
® M ONNECTICUT TELEPHONE
RADIO DIVISION
COMPANY
CONNECTICUT
43
r
yA
Notsetees Pigtail connec- the price you paid. "t.\.. vii Ing Is avoided. Two
tions. Table or panel fibre strips and wooden
mounting. Produces superior resulta in any r-... rod furnished permit
type circuit 180 to 650 meters. RADIO INDUCTANCE COILS various s t y I e s of
SUPER 180 VARIOCOUPLER mounting. With this coil a high grade set
Carefully made -fine can be built at low cost. Diagram included.
A521 Each 98e looking colts. Highest.
A wonderful value, etnclency. Low distrib- SPIDER WEB COILS
produces excellent re- uted capacity effect, low A290- 25 turn. 39e A292 -50 turn .47c
sults. Green win d- resistance -high self A291- 35 turn.42s A293 -75 turn.54c
ings on black libre Inductance. Very firm A294 -100 turn. Each 59c
tubes. Rigid mounting impregnation. Kanke A new popular type of inductance of
support for table or given 18 In meters when highest efficiency. Lowest distributed ca-
panel mounting. Pri- used with .001 variable pacity and lowest high frequency resist-
mary tapped for fine condenser. Mounted coils have standard ance. Firm green silk windings with fibre
tuning. H Inch shaft. Range 200 to 000 plug mountings. mounting strips.
meters.
A522 Varlometer-came style. Each.98e Turns
Art Not Art Pa,
ULTRA AUDION COIL
SUPERIOR VARIOCOUPLER 2s 120-250 A301 $0.39 A32080.85 A296 Each 85c
A523bach..... $3.15 35 175- 450 A302 .42 A322 .95 Spider web wound of green silk'covered
A handsome instru- 50 240- 720 A303 .49 A323 1.02 wire. Four taps. Produces wonderful re-
ment of superior de- 75 390- 910 A304 .54 A324 1.08 sults. Fibre strips and wooden rod for
sign and construc- 100 500- 1450 A305 .58 A325 1.13 mounting included. Diagram Included.
tion. Stator tube and 150 600- 2000 A306 .63 *326 1.17 STRANDED ANTENNA WIRE
rotor ball of moulded 200 900- 2500 A307 .72 A327 1.26 Cable of One copper srands.Very flexi-
red brown bakelite. 250 1200- 3500 A308 .78 A328 1.35 ble. tensile strength. Rest for aerials.
Large glee green silk 300 1500- 4500 A309 .82 A329 1.36 A248High -100 ft. coil 58c. A249 -500 ft. coil $2.75
windings insure high - 400 2000 - 5000 A310 .97 A330 1 57
est efficiency. Table 500 2800- 6100 A311 1.12 A331 1.63 SOLID BARE COPPER WIRE
or panel mounting. 600 4000 -10000 A312 1.27 A332 1.78 Solid bare copper wire for aerials, leads
5tt Inch shaft. Sn- 750 5000.12000 A313 1.43 A333 1.93 or wiring instruments.
perlor results In for 180 to 650 1000 7900-15000 A314 1.70 A334 2.25 Solid Bare Copper Wire, size 14.
meters. Tapped primary for finest tuning. 1250 9750 -19500 A315 1.92 A335 2.45 ft.coLi $2.25
Noiseless contacts. 1500 14500-26500 A316 2.18 A336 2.60 A240 -100 ft.coll 48e. A242-500
ecial single circuit type....83.60
A526 Special Solid Bare Copper Wire, size 12.
INDUCTANCE COIL MOUNTINGS A244 -100 ft.0o1l67s A245 -500 ft. coil $3.05
SUPER MOULDED VARIOMETER A340 -3 Coil.
A412 Each $2.70 C BRASS ROD
Supplied only In 8 Inch lengths.
Polished black
A341 -2 Coll. A961 Threaded 6-32, per kin. Icngth.6e
lll
moulded rotor
and stator forms.
Maximum
ductan a with
1 n- H
Ea
able
dy.rigld dur5-
construction. "of li
A963 Threaded 8-32, per S In. Iength.8e
A965 Solid 3 -16 in., per in. length.. 6e
A967 Solid 5j In., per 8 In. length.. .9e
greatest effici- Made of polished
ency and min- black bakelite. ANTENNA INSULATORS
imum dlstrlb -' Mount on front of panel. A260 Size 1x3!¡. Compo-
uted capacity. A BACK OF PANEL MOUNTING gluon, metal eyelets. Two
high grade in- Mounts back of panel, with knobs or for 17c
strument that dials on front of panel. Helps make a A264 Size 135x4. For me-
will get the best neat efficient. set. A-260 size aerials. Two
results. Wave length 180 to 600 meters. A342 -3 coil Back of Panel Mount-
45
for
A266 Size 154 x1054. For
69c
EXCEL MOULDED VARIOMETER ins
A524 Each... $3.80 large aerials. T ro for.$1.28
COIL MOUNTING PLUGS A263 Ribbed Porcelain
A wonderful value Made of genuine bakellte. A264-6 Insulator. 254 in. long.
at our price.Properly A344 Plug for mounting Each as Ilozco 55c
designed and con- honeycomb" Inductance
structed. Polished coils 39c
LEAD -IN INSULATORS
black bakelite rotor A345 Stationary plug to
and stator forms. fasten mounted coil stationary A270 For 4 inch
Large size green silk to panel 42e walls or leas Ea. 42c
wire Insures greatest A346 Movable plug to fasten mounted walls orFor A271 9 Inch
less. Ea. 69c
efficiency. ef inch coil to panel so it can be rotated 89c
The only practical
shaft. Noiseless pigtail connection. Table A343 Fibre strip to hold coils for mount- lead -in insulator for aerial wires. Small,
or panel mounting. ing. Two foot piece 15e
neat, effective, durable. Fits 54 inch
hole. Securely lock sd bytwoadJustable nuts.
OUR SPECIAL VARIOMETER AND VARIOCOUPLER
Build Into your set reliable OUTDOOR LIGHTNING ARRESTER
instruments. You can a A980 Price $1.55
depend on this vario- Protect your Instruments
meter and vario- with this lightning ar-
coupler to give rester. Weatherproof por-
you the best re- celain case. Air gap type.
circuit
f sults In any
-Mil=-- .r i
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
1 ti
¡Ohl
brown bakelite. Binding
poet connections. For
.
- ty
J
1 )
-_
`'J less you specify otherwise.
A 105 Detector U V 200
i.'- A300. Each
shield. Quick, positive table or panel mounting. A 112 Amplifier. UV201A
$4.38
adjustment. Brass Darts I
-r Neat and strong.
METAL TUBE SOCKET Aa01A 5.85
polished nickel finish. II A 118 5 Watt. Transmitter 7.70
A146 Each 39e
A730 Each A strong durable socket -__ A 107 WDII Cll. Each 5.85
A 107 WDI2 C12. Each 5.85
GALENA DETECTOR - for panel or table mounting
A 102 ÚV199 C21í9. Each 5.85
Easy One adjust-
-
F;'.3
1
marked 0 to 100 finely engraved in con- 69e A842. Double mounting. Each
trasting white enamel. Diameter 3 inches, A154 -20 ohm. Each 76e A844. Triple mounting. Each 49e
A155 -30 ohm. Each 83e 69c
TWO INCH DIAL
As21 For 3 -16 Inch shaft The finest rheostat. Smooth, VARIABLE GRID LEAKS
Each 16e even action. Best design. best Aleo Standard style 15e
Ep
A922 For h Inch shaft
Each
A handsome dial moulded in
16e
grade eels.
workmanship. Supplied with at- A161 De Luxe style with
tractive dial and knob. A rheostat for high extra heavy screw top, fine-
ly finished 32e
ra
one piece of polished black composition. Pozen tio to match above rheo- Pencil mark type for panel mounting. Re-
270° scale marked 0 to 100 finely engraved stats with dial and knob. sistance may be varied exactly as needed.
in contrasting white enamel. Fine for A156-375 ohm 98e
GRID
rheostat or switch control. Dlam. 2 in. CONDENSERS
QUICK ACTING RHEOSTAT A162 Well insulated. Paper
VERNIER DIAL ADJUSTER A124-- 6ohm. Ea..79e covering. Each 8e
A941 Each. .,....19e A125 -15 ohm. Ea... 88e A163 Highest grade. Mica
Easily installed nt edge A126 -:40 ohm. Ea...99c insulated. Polished nickel
=1,- , of dial gives finest ver- Vernier adjustment at ease. Each 23e
nier adjustment of con- every degree of resistance Fit over posts of above leaks. The com-
denser or inductance. A Pushing knob in turns off bination makes an efficient unit. Cap
great value. Polished black knob. the filament. .00025 mfd.
. >a . L
llEMEL
hard-
5
Li
A505 43 plate .001 SIM. 12.58 F ..°0UNR
black insulating compound. 3 feet for.. 9c A801 21 plate .0005 M fd .2.45 Screw-
IIMENZI Driver
PANEL MOUNTING VARIABLE CONDENSERS A974 Each 55e
These are especially high grade condensers and Especially suitable for radio work. Will
we guarantee them to be mechanically and elec- handle any size screw used. Smaller driv-
trically pert Bet. Fine polished end plates of ers nest Inside larger one and are held In
heavy bakellte. Shafts yf Inch diam- place with screw cap. Made of steel,
eter. Sturdy, heavy aluminum alloy nickel finished.
plates perfectly spaced to insure smooth, MAGNET WIRE
even, reliable capacity. Our low prices Best quality
Insulated copper wire.
save you money. These condensers are even drawn wire, one niece to a spool.
of the very best make and are not to be Prices quoted are for 8 oz. spools unless
compared with many inferior, cheap otherwis_ stated.
condenser. offered. We guarantee them
to please you or your money back. Tha DoubleCotton Enameled Green
vernier style has one separately con- Covered Insulation Silk Covered
trolled plate which permita of the finest No. A990 No. A992 No. A991
tuning. Gauge Price Gauge Price Gauge Price
REGULAR STYLE VERNIER STYLE 18 43e 20 39e 20 $0.78
A815- 3 plate 59e 20 SSe 22 50e 22 .95
A816- 5 plate.. 97c Including Dial and Knobs 22 70e 24 SSee 24 1.10
A814 -I1 plate .00025 mid. $1.28 A825 -14 plate .00025 mid. $2.45 24 80e 28 26 1.38
A813 -21 plate .0005 mfd 1.35 A824 -26 plate .0005 mfd 2.75 26 90e 30 5e 30(4 oa.) 1.25
860
A812 -43 plate .001 mid 1.58 A826 -46 plate .001 mfd 3.15 28 $1.05 32 70e 32(4 oz.) 1.65
30 1.45 36 90e 36 (4 02 )2.20
mill_e_pBBJIJgï0udaWi:ii:.::.efii:.1iiiBii::::ee0::W.
USE BARAWIK STANDARD PARTS
YOU SAVE MONEY WHEN YOU BUY FROM US
FAST SERVICE -THE PRICES QUOTED DELIVER THE GOODS TO YOUR DOOR
BINDING POSTS PLATE CIRCUIT "B" BATTERIES
Brass, polished nickel You can make real
finish. Washer and 6-32 GUARANTEED QUALITY GOODS savings on these
in. screw extending 34 batteries. D o n' t
in. at money saving prices. You pay more. We
A370 Large size -bar- can build the parts purchased guarantee them to
rel and knob H. long. FINEST "' OUAl1iY
from us into your set and feel equal any on the
Dozen
A372 Smaller size
85e
-
A370-2-4 barrel and knob 9 -16' A376 -8
long. Dozen
confident of the best results. If
what you want is not shown Isere
write us for prices-we have every
market regardless
of rice. Absolutely
uniform. Extra long life.
147 TF4Yi;i
.....................
47
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Write for illustrated folder which describes POSTPAID to Rocky Mt. states,
the RADIODYNE in detail. Every radio add 25 cents.
fan will be interested in this new type (an- POSTPAID to Pacific states, add -
tennaless) receiving set. 50 cents.
Cash with order. Prompt shipment.
WESTERN COIL & ELECTRICAL CO. Send for free catalogue of Radio Furniture.
308 Fifth St. Racine Wisconsin
THE SOUTHERN TOY CO.
HICKORY, NORTH CAROLINA
48
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
j Inductance Switch
Price $1.50 Grid Leak
Price $1.50
JOSEPH W. JONES
One of America's leading inventors, and who
has been granted over 300 patents.
Inventor of the method now used for making
Disc Phonograph records.
Inventor of the pioneer Speedometer and the
Best, The Jones.
Inventor of the Jones Victometer, or Aero-
plane Tachometer, used by the U. S. Army Double Circuit
Detector Amplifier and Navy.
Switch Inventor of the Jones Motrola. which elimi- Jack
Price $1.50 nates the need of phonograph winding Price $1.00
Inventor of the Jones Electric Drill.
Jos. !. D I
TRADE MARK
0
ES
Invented these
49
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Price
$1.75
6 ohms
Unity Rheostats are the Best
25 ohms Vernier and Non -Vernier
40 ohms
The Unity Vernier Rheostat
yyThe highest type electrical instrument made for
-711) controlling resistance.
A refinement In tuning adjustment, far surpassing the possibilities of any
other instrument, is very easily obtained.. .
The Unity Vernier Rheostat is the only Rheostat with'a cut-out switch
operating with no change in tuning adjustment.
UNITY MFG. CO., 228 North Halsted St., Chicago orm4000 ohms 1.45
Automatic Screw Machine Products, Stampings, General Manufacturing Potentiometer Bar -
on Contract or Royalty. fridges only 1.00
Dealers are offered a free Counter Display Card.
.1111111.
50
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
xwAMERIC1N
Amplifying Transformers
ALL -AMERICAN
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Simpl i lies
-hook it to the
the build -
ing of a Ra-
waterpipe
dio set by i
eliminatin P
I
52
Please mention POPULAR Ramo when answering advertisements.
Write us
a post card
Address Dept. 38 -R
-
and we will send you free this 52 page
catalogue of radio sets and parts. It Í
r
higher prices? Ward quality is the best and the prices will often save
you one -third. Everything sold under our Fifty Year Old Guarantee
Your Money Back if You Are Not Satisfied. Write today for your
-
copy of this complete 52 -page Radio Book.
Write to our house nearest you. Address Dept. 38 -R
Chicago Kansas City St. Paul Portland, Ore. Ft. Worth
MontgomeryWard Co.
The Oldest Mail Order House is Today the Most Progressive
53
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Variometers
Balanced Vernier Condensers Detector
Equipped with Bakelite Unita
Variocouplers knob and dial. Amplifying
Bakelite end plates. Units
Audio Fre-
quencyTrans- Separate Vernier control. Rheostat.
formera Table or panel mounting. Potentio-
Balanced rotor and stator meters
Radio Fre- plates.
quencyTrans - Knobs and
formers Guaranteed not to short Dials
circuit.
Model 5017 -23 plate -.0006 Mf. -$5.00
Model 5018 -43 plate -.001 Mf.- 5.50
Model 5019 -13 plate -.0003 Mf.- 4.50
Write for complete Catalogue
The Dayton Fan & Motor Co.
Established 1889
Dayton, Ohio
&
'
Q!'lllll!IIU IIIIIlll
QI
INN
t
'!149V
-
, I
lib '
-"oa
:..
*Trii ____ .
e"c
:::: ... ,
r Recommended
4Dif
ujl'p üo
' OP, 11 1,74
ih4
BEWARE
Of Inferior
Powdered Car-
Yl ai
and sold be dealen
In hash quality bon Rheostats.
MR* tamale. MADE AND GUARANTEED BY C(l6F Filkostat Resis-
RADIO STORES CORPORATION tance Element
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS
SOLE is 80% Metallic
In Canada $2.75 Dept. PR 12 218-222 West 34th Street New York Substances.
55
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ELECTRAD
PRODUCTS
RADION
Reflex Circuit.
socket 50c
RADION
price and you will be supplied postpaid.
at'
56
-t
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
THE S P 2 RECEIVER
Greater in Every Essential Than
Other Receivers Costing Twice Its Price
57
Please mention POPULAR. RAmo when answering advertisements.
' ÁUTOMATIC
JA e Original TELEPHONE PLUG
COMSCO BULL DOG GRIP PLUG
Eliminates lu 9 troubles
Saves you from short circuit and battery kicks. No more burned out
phones or ruined transformers. No more broken finger nails.
l ?'.^''> f11 .
-t!u _
;Av.;
rr
fr 1141.
"
,
.
s;,tG
1l
ul r :
MAGNAVOX PRODUCTS
There a Magnavox for
is every receiving set
1 ?A
59
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
itIVitar'W: Atit.alit.:X!,Ni!ta°
IMITATED BUT NEVER DUPLICATED CONCERNING
BURGESS
BATTERIES
The unique position of esteem and
confidence occupied by Burgess
Radio Batteries is a natural devel-
opment of the conservative policy
which has characterized the manu-
facture, advertising and sale of
Burgess products.
Of interest, perhaps, to the thinking battery
buyer is the fact that no Burgess product is ad-
vertised or sold until its merit has been proven,
DEPENDABLE - not only by our own rigid tests, but also those
of the foremost radio engineers, manufactur-
ers and experimenters in the country.
for all new wave lengths Through friendly criticism and suggestions,
together with extensive research and engin-
-Range 150 to 600 meters, tunes eering by the C. F. Burgess Laboratories the
in on all new high wave lengths. efficiency of Burgess Batteries has increased
to a degree which we believe is not equalled
-180° type, gives double selectivi- elsewhere.
ty of ordinary 90° instrument.
-Tubes of genuine grade XX Bake- cAsk cony Radio Engineer
lite wound with single green silk BURGESS BATTERY COMPANY
covered wire. DRY BATTERIES MANUFACTURERS
ENGINEERS
RADIO IGNITION TELEPHONE
-Angular movement of rotor gives FLASHLIGHT - -
super selective tuning with ease. LABORATORIES AND WORKS: MADISON. WISCONSIN
BRANCHES
-Direct flexible leads to Fahne-
stock clips eliminate contact
POI YORK BOSTON KANSAS CITY WOOS
RAaDNOtON PITTSBURG. Sr -LOUIS NP ON SCANS
VARIOMETER
Write for descriptive specifications
SELIT®I K
180° VARIO- COUPLER
VARIOMETER
60
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Q RADIO
TUSKA POPULAR
No. 225
il 3 -bulb Regenerative Receiving Set. Plano
Onish mahogany cabinet. Amplifier switch
Concealed binding posts. Armstrong ebsWt,
licensed under Patent No. 1,113,149. Price,
S75 without bulbs. batteries or loud speaker.
Ask for special circular No. 15-F describing
this set.
61
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
only /r
$7.30
You want a Loud Speaker that will
swell the sound volume of what your
set brings in- without rasping, growl- s
ling or harshness -so everybody can hear as agree-
ably' as if all used head -phones. That's what you
get with the
CLOUD SPEAKER
Transformation from
Back Alley Discord to
- NOTHING II
WILE!!
RELIABLE
WORTH WHILE
IT II
Metropolitan Symphony
SOUNDS like sympathy instead of symphony often trickle through the air to strike
unappreciative ears. Many a classic has been mistaken for back alley discord
simply because those sound waves had not been refined- "passed through the strainer"
as radio slang puts it.
That's where "old Reliable" lends a helping hand, working in its obscure way.
Reliable Transformers not only tend to bring distant stations within ear -range but
every sound -wave receives a velvet touch of magic which makes the harshness, dis-
tortion and similar evils of radio receiving a thing of the past.
RELIABLE Fdt°
RADIO TRANSFORMERS
AUDIO Transformers furnished in three different stages of
-0
ratios to 1, 4 to 1, and a to 1. Fully enclosed. Shielded
type Price $4.50 and $5.00
RADIO Transformers made in adjustable types with range
from 150 to 1750 meters. Also fixed types. Price $4.75
ANOTHER BICIMPROVEMENT TN YOUR SET
Ask About Reliable Neutralizing Condensers. On', 76e
iREOufn. LFLpaN(r
APtlina4 /RAN
' rotin Au010
ArIPOFnN6 taqpSPoNreR
G'-
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Precise Broadcasting
New Low Prices on
Three Great Instruments
THE PRECISE AUDIO TRANSFORMER is recog-
nized as a supreme achievement by radio en-
gineers. Designed to produce maximum volume,
realistic tone qualities and clear rendition of the low
tones with the absence of distortion. The instru-
ment is compact in design, neat in construction and
appearance, and has a ratio of 4% to 1. We will be
glad to forward on request a copy of our voltage am-
plification chart 1094 which accurately records the
remarkable performance
of this transformer. It is
highly recommended for
use in neu trodyne circuits.
CORPORATION
Rochester, -. .. -, New York
No. 305 53 W. Jackson Blvd. Branches 821 Market Street
.35 Chicago, Ill. San Francisco, Cal.
Distributed in Canada-by Perkins Electric, Ltd.
Toronto Montreal Winnipeg
63
Please nienlion POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
\404411111111111
TWO WAY
RADIO
PLUGS
Do away with unsightly front of board
contact- points. and instead provide a com-
plete unit for rear of panel mounting to which Be sure you get i
variocoupler taps may be soldered easily. The
Sterling 12 Point Rotary Switch solves one THE PLUG IN
of the radio builder's most vexing problems.
It is the final perfection to assure satisfactory THE GREEN
radio receiving. BOX and you
It is held in place by two mounting screws, will be sure to
the heads of which are covered by the dial.
Knob and dial mounted on adjustable shaft
held by set screws for any thickness of panel get the best plug
inch. This Switch May Be Used
up to
With A Voltmeter For Reading Voltage on the market
On Individual Tube Filament.
today.
Other Sterling
Radio Equipment
Portable Rectifiers Filament Rheostats
Price 60c
Audio & Radio Frequency Transformers
Filament Meters Pocket Voltmeters
"Et" Battery Charging Attachments
Consolidated Instrument
TAe
Company of America, Inc.
STERLING MFG. CO.
2854 Prospect Ave. Cleveland, O. 41 East 42nd Street, New York
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
he
FERBEND
pP
'° STOPS
INTERFERENCE
ANY NIGHT is "SILENT NIGHT" with a FERBEND!
With each locality operating its broadcasting station
on its own wave -frequency, the possibilities for listening
in on distant statio`rs are now vastly increased compared
with last year. Many owners of long-distance sets are,
however, discovering that powerful amplification is of
little value so long as local stations are "all over the
dials." Here is the secret of the remarkable growth in
popularity of the FERBEND WAVE TRAP. For ex-
ample, a St. Louis user (name on request) brought in
Havana on his loud speak-
er while three St. Louis
stations were broadcast-
ing. Similar results are uni-
formly obtained in all Unmounted ready for panel
parts of the United mounting
States, with all makes $6.00 Postpaid
and types of receiving sets.
Jt
Pkuse mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
SAVE MONEY
Radeco Safety Fuses
"The biggest little thing in radio"
ti
RADIO experts recognize that READ WHAT ONE MAN SAYS
some means of protecting the
delicate filament of vacuum
tubes is necessary. Thousands of tubes 939 Dunlop Avenue
are needlessly burnt out each year. Forest Park, Illinois
Radeco Safety Fuses have been devel- Radio Equipment Company,
oped to prevent this waste. They are Gentlemen: About last January I pur-
endorsed by the leading radio publica- chased some of your Radeco Safely Fuses.
tions. You can now absolutely protect I have never had cause to regret this pur-
the tubes of your set by slipping a chase, because I believe it has saved me many
Radeco Fuse on one of the filament dollars. So I am writing to thank you and
terminals of each of your tubes. will recommend them to my Radio friends.
The fuses have not interfered in any may
Guaranteed not to interfere with the with the operation of my set, and you are
Price 50 cents efficiency of your set. Save money by entirely at liberty to use this letter as an
ordering today one fuse for each of your "ad" for your product, if you should so
each postpaid tubes. Mention type of tube. desire. Wishing you success in your
DEPT. 2 present enterprise, I am,
RADIO EQUIPMENT COMPANY Yours truly,
20 Stuart Street, Boston, Mass. 3fr. Harvey F. Reese.
9/2G/$9
New England's Oldest Exclusive Radio House
Distributors of many other successful radio specialties
DEALERS: We are going to appoint live distributors. Write for our proposition and full details.
RAVEN RADIO
We are now making a 180 degree coupler
which is the last word in coupler construction.
This instrument is made of Red Moulded
Bakelite thruout, including the Bracket. The
only metal used is in the two binding posts
and the shaft to hold the rotor. These are
made of Nickled Brass.
This instrument will not only measure up to
all "RAVEN PRODUCTS" but it will stand
Raven Super 180 Degree Couple,
out on the market as the Best 180 Degree
Catalogue No. B -104 Coupler of the day.
66
Please mention POPULAR RADIO îfd7eu answering advertisements.
SPECIAL OFFER!
Good for 30 days only
-.-,
-
¡ . _-
POPULAR RADIO for a whole year,
provided you are both new sub-
scribers.
Just wrap your check for $3 around
the double coupon and mail it
to -day before the price goes up.
Send 50c for this FADA Soon a subscription for one year
NEUTRODYNE BOOK will cost as much as you need now
pay for these two subscriptions.
It tells in simple language bow to construct a Neutro-
dyne circuit receiver using FADA parts. Nothing is left But you must act at once!
in doubt. Both tour and five tube Neutrodyne airing
diagrams are included. In addition, in the rear of the
book there are both four and five tube full sire paper (Coupon good only until December 15th, 1923)
panel drilling templates.
GINO
This Se-page book and the use of FADA Neutrodyne
and standard parts will insure successful Neutrodync
circuit receiver construction. POPULAR RADIO, Dept. 122
9 East 40th Street, New York City
F. A. D. ANDREA, INC. Please send POPULAR RADIO for one year to:
1581 -D JEROME AVE., N. Y. C.
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY STATE.
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY STATE
A PLEASANT SURPRISE
Awaits the User of the
SOMETHING
1I0IfJfiø1Cø NEW!
fUB. IN RADIO
100 COAST TO COAST
M PM HAVANA, CUBA
AND
MPM
Reflex Radio
Frequency
TRANSFORMER
M. P. M.
Reflex Radio Frequency
TRANSFORMER ELIMINATES
Absolute precision in THE
the assembling of these VARIOMOTOR
transformers assures re- VARIOCOUPLER
markable range and vol- AND OTHER PARTS
Price ume with positive elim-
$4.50 ination of distortion. The Voisometer is extremely Simple in
Appearance and Operation. You save two
or more parts of a tube set a saving of 70
M. P. M. per cent for the Radio Fan.
Million Point Mineral The only parts used in the Voisometer
Sets are as follows.
CRYSTAL
Super-sensitive-reproducing VOISOMETER
from every point on its sur- VERNIER RHEOSTAT
face. Greatly increases both GRID LEAD
audibility and radius. Will TUBE SOCKET
Prices not burn out or corrode. VERNIER VARIABLE
mounted
35e M. P. M. Crystal is unsur- CONDENSER
Unmounted passed for reception both WITH A COMPLETE WIRING
25c with or without amplification DIAGRAM
Every Voisometer Tested and guaranteed
SPECIAL FREE OFFER
Detailed working diagram of a successful re-
flex circuit will be sent free with all orders CO-OPERATIVE
for either crystals or transformers. SALES CO.
SOLE DISTRIBUTORS
M. P. M. SALES CO. 112NORTH 7th STREET. ROOM 401
Dept. P ST. LOUIS. MO.
247 S. Central Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. LIVE DISTRIBUTORS & DEALERS WRITE
70
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
71
Please InenNon POPULAR RADIO 'When answering advertisements.
extreme selectivity
A
-
single tuning adjustment-assuring the greatest degree of program selectivity -
enabling one to tune in desired stations and enjoy their broadcasting without
the slightest sign of interference by other stations, is one of the features of
,á atn
., f;'''''':.)
..
',1 C p ,'
'ßt
.a "..
.-.
t"
i
SIGNALING
CONSIDER the vast difference between the methods
of the savage and the marvellous broadcasting of
today. This difference can be stated in one word
-instruments.
Modern broadcasting employs delicate instruments to
transform messages into electricity. Satisfactory reception
requires equally fine apparatus to translate this current
into the original music or spoken word.
Upon your loud speaker or head phones falls the task of
transforming the electric current that flows through your
set into sound. Poorly designed or carelessly constructed
instruments cannot do this with satisfaction to you.
Holtzer-Cabot Phones and Loud Speakers are the per-
fected results of 25 years' specialization in the manufacture
of sensitive electric apparatus.
Holtzer -Cabot Loud Speaker, $25.00
No. 2 Universal Head Phones, 9.50
No. 4 National Head Phones, 6.00
I¡'rite for booklets. "What you should kaon. about
Radio Reception" and "A boner Loud .Speaker."
THE HOLTZER-CABOT ELECTRIC CO.
125 Amory Street, Boston, Mass.
6161-65 South State Street, Chicago, 111.
Department S
73
Please mention PUPt9.dR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Established 1910
A 15 Point Switch complete in one Por clearness of tone, amplification of For fine filament control of tubes
unit. No more messy soldering. voice and music from nearby and distant and superfine tuning, the Regal
Vernier stands alone. Nothing
No more drilling of hole. No broadcasting stations, is unequaled by just like it on the market. Com-
more chipped panels. Complete any Transformer on the market plete with Knob:
with hard rubber Knob and Dial 34 to 1 Ratio...... $4.50 6-Ohms $1.25
$1.50 5 to 1 Ratio...... 4.75 30 -Ohms 1.25
The CURKOID Radio Frequency Unit solves the radio frequency problem. It is the only radio
frequency unit which has adjustable coupling and is adapted to any make of tube and wavelength
by means of CURKOID Interchangeable Coils. Ideal for tuned and untuned radio frequency.
CURKOID Coils give maximum transformation of energy without the usual capacity and resist-
ance losses. Enjoy real efficiency and absolute control of your radio frequency amplifier by using
a CURKOID worm driven adjustable coupler with CURKOID inductances.
CURKOID PRICES
RIEGER RESEARCH Radio Frequency Mounting
Triple coupler
..$2.75
.. 7.50
CORPORATION 20K inductance $1.40 50K inductance 1.60
114 WEST 44th STREET 25K
35K
1.50
1.50
75K
100K
1.65
1.70
NEW YORK (Made up to 1500K)_ .
Please mention. POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
RALt0
Gfods
Reliable
Distributors for
Radio Corporation of America
Grebe Western Coil
Atwater Kent Magnavox
Brandes Burgess
Murdock Gould
Nath. Baldwin Eveready
Western Electric
Acme
All American
Frost
Carter
Dubilier
For All Batteries
Signal Howard
Chelsea Eby
Cutler- Hammer Bradley
Jewell
and other standard manufacturers The one charger which re- charges
We carry a comprehensive stock of the lat- all radio storage batteries -2-volt
est receiving sets, parts and supplies of the peanut tube batteries,6-volt A Bat-
leading manufacturers, and ship from stock
promptly.
eries, 6 and 12 volt Automobile
FREE Illustrated, Batteries, and 1 to 4 B Batteries.
CATALOG on iequeot
It's the new Valley Type A B C
DEALERS: Buy reliable equipment from a Battery charger.
house of established reputation. Send for catalog
of tested and approved apparatus, and our dis- Plugs into regularelectric light sock-
count sheet.
ets. Takes about a dime's worth of
JULIUS ANDRAE & SONS CO. current for an average charge.
127 Michigan St., Milwaukee, Wis. A lot of people were disappointed
AtV UP2 AE InBasin ^rs
Since 1860 last year because we could not make
enough Valley Chargers. We are
making more this year,butwith the
improvements, they will be in great-
AMPL -TONE er demand. Don't miss out. At all
good radio dealers.
PHONES VALLEY ELECTRIC CO.
3157 S. Kingshighway - St. Louis, Mo.
FREE RADIO
VACUUM TUBE SET
Rewires
100 Miles or Morro
Sendnameandaddress.
ALWAYS FRESH LearnHOW voucanl¡et
s Vacuum Tube Rodio Set.
Sample to dealers $3.20 rABSOLUTEL
rde
R FREE
RELIABLE SALES CORP
arown..ay -.h.l It
This is our only De IS62
I
ADVERTISEMENT
FOR BETTER RESULTS
I entire product
t sells our
Merit does the rest for us FRANIINGHANI
DE LUXE PARTS
C. M. FRENCH MFG. CO.
SEYMOUR, CONN. Ask Your Dealer
76
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
AUDIOPHON E
REG. V. S. PAT. OFFIOC
BRISTOL ONE
STAGE POWER
AMPLIFIER
If greater volume is desired, over what you already obtain, use
the Bristol One Stage Power Amplifier. No C Battery required
Price $25.00
77
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
MT-T A T T
.t--L l 1 t
SINGLE -HOLE MOUNTING
SUPERIOR CONDENSERS
T URN the dial of a Rathbun Condenser and notice the
absolute lack of side or end play, and the perfect align-
ment of plates at every point. Yet it turns easily and
smoothly because of the extra long brass bearings. Such
bearings wear longer so that Rathbun Condensers retain their
INSERTING SHAFT positive alignment indefinitely. Send for the name of the near-
mss: est Rathbun dealer and folder that explains all the points of
Rathbun Superiority.
78
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering adverlisemenls.
.n....ca. nccw.
WC -5 -SW
Built especially for Transmitting Amateurs
The WC -5 -SW is a 4 tube set. One stage current. Tuned Radio Frequency sharp-
of tuned Radio Frequency amplification est known and most selective principle
is employed ahead of the detector to make ever adopted. Plate potential non- criti-
it super- sensitive. Two stages of audio cal. Mono -block tube socket. No grid
frequency are used to bring up the signal plate leads on audio amplifiers. Audio
strength. Uses any type of tubes. Gives amplification absolutely necessary when
perfect control of audibility. Detector using low efficiency receiving antenna, i.e.,
rectifies only. Uses antenna compensa-
ting condenser. Only two control ad- underground or indoor. Mahogany cab-
justments. Pure negative biasing on all inet, piano rub finish. Rabbited -in panel.
tubes, thus marked saving on B Battery Split lid cover.
79
Please menlion POPULAR RADIO [then answering adlvertisenienls.
K ,r. Company
of St. Louis, Mo.
cuit into the ne ione! Kaufman Circuit No. 2. 4015 Laclede Avenue
Radio Headsets
(4 Circuit Tuner)
:tre now a standard, and in universal use, due to
their efficiency in this wonder circuit.
dads as per speetfieations of Me. Corkaday, using No. 18 wire
with D roil bank -wound.
80
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
tery that "signs off" just when cells. They are designed specifi-
you are enjoying a splendid cally for WD -11 and UV -199
radio concert. vacuum tubes, and are right
A good A battery should in line with recent develop-
supply uniform filament cur- ments in radio receiving.
rent during a long period of The two -volt Exide A Bat-
discharge. Frequent recharg- tery will heat the filament of a.
ing and replacements take all quarter - ampere tube for ap-
the fun out of radio receiving. proximately 96 hours. The '
When you hook up your set to an Exide A four-volt Exide A Battery will heat the filament
Battery you'll appreciate what ungrudging bat- of a 60 milli- ampere tube for 200 hours.
tery service means. You'll be impressed time
and again with the value of its ample capacity - Exide B Battery
rating and the smooth, unvarying flow of cur- Current from the new
rent that it delivers to your tubes. Exide B Battery is full -
powered and noiseless.
Features you will appreciate It is free from fluctua-
From its heavy, well -made plates to its con- tions that cause hissing
venient terminal binding posts, every detail of and crackling sounds in
the Exide's construction is designed to help you your phones. When you
get better reception. Vent plugs that may be tune in distant stations
inserted or removed by a single twist of the wrist you know that your sat-
make it an easy matter isfaction will not be marred by imitation static
to add water or test that sounds as though a heavy electrical storm
the battery. A deep were in progress.
sediment space in the You don't have to put up with a battery that
bottom of each cell discharges quickly. Go to any radio dealer or
eliminates danger of in- Exide Service Station and ask for Exide A and
ternal short circuits or B Batteries.
reduced life. Wood If your dealer cannot supply you with free
separators of the same booklets describing the complete Exide line of
fine quality that are radio batteries, write to us.
found in the Exide automobile batteries insulate
xiôe
the plates from one another and also contribute
to the battery's long life. A stout detachable
handle across the top of the battery- makes
it extremely easy to carry.
Two low-voltage A batteries
The Exide line has been extended to include RADIO I3ATTERIES
THE ELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERY COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA
Oldest and largest manufacturers in the world of storage batteries for every purpose
Service Stations Everywhere Branches in Seventeen Cities
81
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Fall in Line
USE RAY COILS i
for
Distance
and
Volume
RayCoils "A" for
Reinartz, Ray
Coila "B" for RCS
and Ultra Audion
Circuits, RayCoils
"C" for RCS Ultra
Audion and Tuned
A FISCHER PRODUCT Radio Frequency
for All.- Circuits.
EVEN THE EXPERTS LOOK A =$2.50 Use the RCS Circuit with or without
NO FURTHER -They Know
Radio Frequency for Simplicity in opera-
B = 2.00 tion and results. Not equalled by any
C= 2.00 set for volume and distance.
This I80° Multi-Coupler is splendidly built,
Bankwound, with a wave length of 800 meters; S Coils in Separate Box
Soldered Leads, Bankwound Stator on genuine Bake- With Wiring Diagram
lite Tubing, Kiln Dried Rotor, Fahnestock Spring Working Blue Prints of four sheets 12 z 18 of all
Gip Connections, Aluminum Mounting Base, Non- standard circuits, such as The Variometer, Reinartz
and RCS one and three tube sets. SO cents a set.
conductive Adhesive.
If your dealer cannot reapply you, lend direct to su
20 DIAGRAMS $410 FREE WITH EACH and we
U.S. d.
will mail ttum post paid anywhere in the
The bearings, where continued use first tests phones costing more tical loudspeaker at a
the quality of a condenser, in U. S. Tool money and will last very low price. You
.
Condensers are machined as carefully as the longer. Now priced at should have one. (Not
parts of the finest precision instruments. The suited to crystal sets.)
main rotor shafts fits its bearings with just a $4.00 and
micrometer determined space between to give
smooth, frictionless turning, but without
$4.50 $5.00
enough space to allow side or end play. Con-. NEW MURDOCK PLUG JACK
sequently wear is reduced to insignificance.
You need one of these. It enables you to connect
Another reason why all U. S. Tool Conden-
sers are so unconditionally guaranteed. four pairs of headphones at once.
Low in price, but of best quality. 4P
el .00
Write for booklet and the name of
your nearest dealer.
Wm. J. Murdock Co.
II.S.TOOI4 116 MechanícSt 354 Mass.
Washington Ave., Chelsea,
COMPANY-plc' 7k warh,.N.J. Sales Offices: Chicago and San Francisco
ST.9NDrIRD SINCE 1904
82
. /.'ease mention POPULAR RADIO. when answering advertisements.
REChlÌERS
NEW MU -RAD RECEIVER MA-17
EARS of scientific achievement anticipated
! Mu -RAD MA-17. A new
in this super set, the
sensitivity, greater distance, fuller volume -with
the absolute simplicity and substantial construction
of the famous Mu-RAD MA-13. Most recently
discovered principles are embodied and the future
thoughtfully considered in the designing of the
MU -RAD MA-17.
Three stages of radio and two of audio frequency amplifica .
tion and detector. One tuning dial and two selecting dials,
each independent of the other. Plug -in type r. f. trans-
formers to care for changes of tube type or wave lengths.
Panel- mounted volt-meter for quick reading of A and B
batterea. Solid mahogany, Adam Brown hand- rubbed finish
cabinet with loop fitted into top and compartment in base
fcr "B" batteries. Guaranteed for 1000 miles reception using
only a 2 -foot loop.
Mu -RA D LABORATORIES.IPIC.
809 FIFTH AVE ASBURY PARK. NEW JERSEY
S;
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Name. Name
Address Address
(No extra for Canada. Foreign, ONE YEAR, $2.25: TIFO YEARS, $s.so).
84
Please mention POPULAR'RADIO when-answering advertisements.
?,um IglPÜlllf
311111IiI
AMPLIOn
The World's Standard Loud Speaker
flmplion Junior.
DeLusc AR-45 Amplion Portable
$26.00 AR-6I-$50.00
.. \dsí-w:..°.cdMé°A.li'%iaa"^E16á:?í6!_. '=dq4.°5'dáG/.ç:6,n`_:ó°'^.Q.
fimpulnammonmimumisolmmwnnsnmminnnnnnmiuummniuummmnnumuumnunmimmnomm
The Supremacy of the AMPLION is the Supremacy of Actual Performance
Iltafilnmun;mlummnm?uMnmaE1mfl1n(11mn1munl In V
1llnllíl Ill Ill IIIIIIIIIIIIIhkd
es
Please mention POPULAR RADIO wizen answering advertisements.
KEYSTON
LIGHTNING
RADIO
E+ .
TURNIT
"ADJUSTABLE"
Long Distance
` fie Saturn
That's where; "Above the Ordinary"
Radio Products
Automatic Plug
Terminal tips inserted, or removed in a
moment. Perfect electrical connec-
tion without taking apart or solder -
ing. Your satisfaction with the
$
Saturn Automatic Plug unreser-
vedly guaranteed.
RULES Perfect Jack
A difficult soldering job made easy by crow-
SUPREME foot offset and solder -flex compound on blades.
Brass brackets, nickel -plated, with rounded
corners. Blades of spring German Silver.
Solid silver contact points. Right in every
Price $22.00 detail.
List Prices
Pick up the Drake Hotel, Chicago, on any No. 1 Single Circuit, Open 50c
good set. Plug in a Pathe Loud Speaker. No. 2 closed 55c
You'll get it as clear and loud as a local station. No. 3 Double " ... 70c
No speaker can compare with a Pathe for No. 4 Single Filament control 75c
No. 5 Double 80e
-
ar . , .
distant work. That's why thousands of
Neutrodyne owners have bought a Pathe Write for Folder
the best at any price. The SATURN Mfg. & Sales Co.
Every Pathe Loud Speaker is Guaranteed
48 Beekman St.
PATHE PHONOGRAPH & RADIO CORP. New York, N. Y.
20 Grand Avenue 533 South Wabash Avenue
Brooklyn, N. Y. Chicago, Ill.
86
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
NATIONAL-
Vernier
Variometcr
No. 80
88.00
Variocoupler
No. 90
58.00
BY USING
CHELSEA VARIOMETERS
AND VARIOCOUPLERS
YOUR Set will tune sharper, thereby eliminating troublesome interference and
will bring in stations you have never heard before.
ALL insulation is moulded bakelite. Great wavelength range -100 -600 metres.
No sliding contacts, therefore no objectionable noises. May be used for table or panel
mounting. Variometer contains a built -in Vernier, an exclusive Chelsea feature.
Variocoupler contains individual binding posts for all taps.
Complete with Chelsea grade 3U -inch dials.
Prices, $8.00
OTHER QUALITY CHELSEA RADIO EQUIPMENT:
Variable Condensers with Vernier $4.25 to $6.75 Rheostats $1 00 and $1.40
Variable Condensers . . . . 2.50 to 5.00 Tube Sockets 50
Audio Transformers . . 3.75 and 4.50 Dials 40 45, 50
.Write for our large rataingne, No. 3, which illustrates and describes the complete line of
Chelsea Res-siring Sets and Parts
87
-Please mention POPULAR RADlo token answering adterttser c.tsis.
VERNI- TUNER
(Trade Mart)
Primary, Secondary and
A
8
phone plus a
3in1
NO TAPS
Variable Condenser
- - NO t*TERFERENCE
FIBER TONE
makes a beautiful
musical instrument
FiBERToxE
RADIO HORN
Booklet of 14 circuits free with each device.
At your dealer or postpaid on receipt
of purchase price. Write for leaflet.
HORNE ELECTRIC & MFG. CO.
Mercer & Colgate Sts. Jersey City, N. J.
,411- 401i 411* +41* 4r*- -0010- ,M*- «/4- .0/4-.Mt- 400- 401-
89
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Perfect
A
Christmas Gift
$ .00
YELLOWTIP MICROMETER ADJUSTING
CRYSTAL DETECTOR
INCREASES THE EFFICIENCY OF YOUR CRYSTAL SET
SET
HIGHEST QUALITY
.sl1)/[RTONE
Lowest Price
TUBES
O em
TONE -like
VOLUME-
LIFE -2000 to 3000 hours
a
u n e
silver bell.
z celled.
FIXED DETECTOR
is always set and ready for use.
or replacements.
No adjusting
The most satisfactory,
I!
Nodelt.
1.11Ï)1
Fil.Volt.2 te4 r
One Price
".
.,
$6.00
.;:.,
Everry *ere
,,..,...,..:,.
90
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
MEMBER MANUFACTURERS
RADIO OF
SECTION ELECTRICAL
SUPPLIES
AUTOMATIC
SELECTOR
SWITCH
R. MITCHELL CO.
255 Atlantic Ave. Boston, Mass.
Pacific Coast Office: 709 Mission St., San Francisco Export Office: 44 Whitehall St., New York
91
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
résistant
'r'' BDXX has higher dielectric strength
than is ever required in radio.
Perfect for panels!
$15.00
F. O. B.
Cleveland
For Radio Aerial
Type 6 charges 6 Installation
Volt Storage Bat-
tery from any 110
Volt 60 Cycle lamp
socket at average THE BULL DOG MAST SEAT
rate of 6 amperes, FILLS A LONG FELT WANT by enabling anyone to in-
or over if battery stall a firm and rigid mast, on either a peaked or metal
needs it. ridge roll type of roof, with ordinary tools found around
the home, thereby eliminating customary trouble, labor
Scarcely a gift you could think of will bring and expense. Supplying neat, substantial construction
more genuine appreciation than the satisfaction throughout the entire aerial.
obtained from an F-F Battery Charger. Seat for t3V mast, hinged type... ....... ......$3.00
Buy from your dealer. If he cannot supply Seat for t Ni" mast, peaked type, plain.......... 2.50
you, write for literature or enclose remittance Seat for le mast, peaked type, plain.......... 2.00
covering express or postal charges on 9 lbs. Seat for IA" mast, flat base........... 2.50
IT'S FREE -Write for Bulletin No. 44 Jobbers and distributers write for discounts
The France Mfg. Co. MAST SEAT MFG. CO.
10444 Berea Road Cleveland, Ohio
Pioneer Manateeturer. of Patented Ba y Ch 121 5TH ST. S. E.
MINNEAPOLIS MINN.
92
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
o
any in only a few minutes.
746 inch hole is requited.
Large, convenient birdmg posts with
Certainly Need This C -H Switch
cupped washers make waiting easy.
There is No Filament Glare to Remind You When the Current
is ON -The Little Nickeled Button Takes Its Place
RADIO SWITCH
93
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
AA B. T.
SUPER
VERNIER
RHEOSTAT
, -AND
WORTH IT
BREMER -TULLY
UNIVERSAL -TUNER
Gives
1. Vernier control
100% Efficiency hitherto unobtain-
able.
from Your Tubes 2. Unequalled results
eel
There 's no substitute for the Premier "Micro - in single circuit
stat " -no other instrument that gives such per-
fect
act control l' d tote
co tro of thee ccurrent delivered h fila-
fil
ment of radio tubes. New principle -two windings
in parallel-one 6 ohm-other 40 ohm. Absolutely
noiseless.. Infinite control- handles any tube -
- $5.00 regenerative Ultra
Audion, etc.
Replaces .
LOUD
SPEAKER
HEAD
SET DURHAM
Variables
$18.50 q $4.50
High
`pOY4LFOtiE"
OF ALL KING
Resistance
No. 201 A
A complete loud speaker of
superior qualities. Will Special for UV201 -A,
reproduce music or speech C301, and WDI2 tubes.
with no distortion. Plunger control accu-
No extra batteries re- rately variable from 2
quired. Will operate at to 10 megohms. Only
one or more stages of am-
plification. 75c at dealers.
Comes complete with 6
foot cord. 24" high -14"
bell-Crystalise Finish.
Loud Speaker Unit
with special phono-
graph attachment
$8.00. Can be attached to any horn
or phonograph arm. Durham Base, 30c
We are the makers of the "Royalfone ". FREE folder tells how variable grid
King of All headset at $4.50. leaks work. Ask your dealer for copy
Royal Electrical Laboratories DURHAM& CO,IñC..
Dept P. R., Newark. N. J.
1936 Market St.. Philadelphia
i
Km. /
,
OI
/ /
I AL&
Dealers' When
customer comes back -
what you sell gets better results. the
for more DURHAMS
94
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
95
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Revolutionary Construction
Gives Increased Efficiency In
The BROCKWAY
VARIABLE CONDENSER
There are only two spring bronze plates, separated by mica
and scientifically formed to properly control the capacity
csrve. The result is elimination of high resistance and mov-
ling contacta, and reduction of radio frequency and di-electric
osses. Beautifully hntshed genuine bakelite dial and base.
Easier to Adfwe
than vernier. Two
complete revolutions of
24 $8.25 RADIO "B"
S
diial (72 0degrees move- V
ment) lÌ wide
range for fine adjust-
ment. making accurate
tuning easy and more SENECA P d BATTERY
stations possible.
Saves Space
Mount. entirely on
front of panel, leaving
Absolutely Quiet Dry Charged
more room behind far The Seneca 24 Volt Radio B Battery is designed and con-
other instruments.
.
TYPE R -B -4
R. M. C. Diamond Weave
Variocoupler and
Variometer This is the set you have been looking for,
Due to diamond weave eonsrnmtion and the fact
that f. of the total area of windings are supported
In mid -air, capacity and dielectric losses are re- and the one that you need.
duced to a minimum in R. M. C. Vari',meters end
Variocouplers. The rotor Is continuously variable.
These products may be used in any circuit where
Having one stage Radio Frequency, Tuned
a high grade coupler or varlometer is required. Impedance, Detector and Two Stages of
All metal parts are nickel- plated. Panel mount- Audio Frequency.
ing requires very small space. Screw holes cov-
ered by 2" dial.
R. M. C. products are built for the finest sets that All apparatus mounted on panel 10 inches
can be constructed.
Variocoupler $4.25
high, 21 inches long, and set in panel
Vviometer $4 25 cabinet 10 x 21 x 10 inches deep.
Write for catalog of other diamond weave coils,
and Radio Frequency Transformer. Price $125.00 without tubes or batteries
THE RADIO MANUFACTURING COMPANY
of Springfield, Massachusetts WIRELESS ELECTRIC CO.
Dept. B 97 Dwight Street
204 Stanwix St. Pittsburgh, Pa.
96
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
INSTRUMENT MAKERS
ARMORCLAD FOR
DEPENDABLE PRODUCTS
YOUR PROTECTION SINCE 1909
is altogether reliable for the purpose. It has a nichrome To introduce the wonderful T -B -H radio headset
resistance unit so tightly wound that the turns cannot
.
move under the action of the contact arm. Panel mount- we will give absolutely free of charge, the most
ing requires only one drilled hole and the Instrument is efficient crystal receiver on the market.
furnished with Bakelite Knob and Pointer and handsome
polished nickel finish.
SEND NO MONEY
LIST PRICE $2.00 Just pay postman $5.00 plus postage. Money
refunded if not absolutely satisfied.
MARTIN-COPELAND COMPANY THE EASTERN SPECIALTY CO.
Providence, R. I., U. S. A 3552 N. Fifth Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
HI ® VW AR.D
HOWARD 1-lowapo
MA-I3
Ohm Rheo-
-
cha ndise. 25 Ohm Micro-
meter Rheo-
Chicago store reveals that Mu -Rad Receivers
are sold in eight out of ten competitive demon -
stat ......1.10 Every piece tat 1 50 strations, there must be a reason.
Patri. 870,042 40 Ohm Micro- There is! Mu -Rad is easy to operate, uses an
meter Rheo-
is sold with stat 1 50 inside 2 -ft. loop aerial, and is highly selective.
Patd. July 10, Mu -Rad is guaranteed to receive at least 1000
the guaran- 1923
miles.
HOWARD
tee of sat- HOWARD Dealers: Write for Mu -Rad proposition.
Inquiries are solicited from responsible dealers
isfactory only.
perform- No. 1004
In order to help us weed out curiosity seekers,
please use your business stationery in requesting
ance. Multi Terminal
Receiver Plug,
this imformation.
instan tane o u. We also carry a complete stock of
No. 1003 connection for
200 Ohm Poten- WESTERN ELECTRIC CO.
Paire 01 stand-
tiometer. $1.50 Jobbers Write and receiver GENERAL RADIO CO.
400 Ohm Poten- tip. $2.00
parts. Write for details and discounts.
tiometer .2.00 for discounts. Patd. 28.
Patd. 870,042 1:2"3g.
Chicago Radio Apparatus Co.
HOWARD RADIO CO., Inc. Jobbers of Good Radio Merchandise
4248 North Western Ave., Chicago, U. S. A. General Offices: 407 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago
98
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
THE
-
formance is paramount.
.
... -.. - -
99
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
National Audio
Frequency
Transformers
The New 6 to 1 Ratio Nation-
al Transformer is for use on
the first stage of amplification.
Its greater ratio means in-
creased volume, but the tone
qqualitiu that characterize the THAT NEW CRYSTAL THAT GIVES
3% to 1 ratio bave been
fully retained. Price of 6 to I
ratio $4.50 postpaid; of the 3% SUCH WONDERFUL RESULTS!
to 1 ratio, $4.00 postpaid. Entirely Different From Any Other Crystal on the Market.
Dealers: IVrtte for interesting Surface l'crfectly Smooth, and Supersensitive Everywhere.
sales proposition.
National Transformer Mfg. Co.
154 Whiting Street
CENTURY "RADIO REFLEX Price $1.
Order from your dealer or direct front
Dept. 1211 Chicago, III.
CENTURY PRODUCTS COMPANY
110 So.13th Street Allentown, Pa.
E19.100
CATALOG FREE PAGES
Order by Mail
Reinartz Coil
This coil for stand-
ard Reinartz circuit
RADIO "Bf1 BATTERY Green silk windings
DIRECT batteryells, market. Special this month
fresh. full Voltage.
FROM ip Concerts LOUDER and STRONOERI Abs bring
ly
Built cor- $1.75 post free
recur- Inunoosb rei.mtagetapr uworkanymbe
m
T01OD loudspeaker. Real service Sold GUARANTEED.
6 ohm Rheostat .75
direct bomourlactortestoyou ail westprlces shipped
-
30 ohm Rheostat .75
SHIPPED oyourdoor. ORDER TODAY. Send money
PREPAID order, check or pay C. O. D. Order By Number SEND FOR OUR FREE CATALOGUE NO. 10
Na 12213-22% volt var4ble- regularly 82.z5 -our price S I.9
No. 122A -22M volt vadable-- regulerly$J.00 -our price $2.68 ATWOOD ELECTRIC CO.
No. 145A -45 volt -8 taps -regularly $6.00 -our price $4.611 3122 W. Madison St. Dept. R. Chicago, fi.
AYRES BATTERY CORPORATION. Cincinnati. Ohio
WE REPAIR
Bindingr Posts
The Following Read'emn
RADIO TUBES Simplify the most
WD- 11.....$3.50 UV-199......$3.50 .
complicated hook -up
WD- 12 3.50 C- 299.........3.50
UV -200 2.75 UV -201A 3 50 Tell at a glance whether It is Antenom,
13V- 201 3.00 C- 301A........3.50 Ground, Pones, A or B battery, etc. Name
neatly engraved for keeps on top of each
C- 300 2.75 UV -202 4.00 post. (See illustration.)
C -301 .3.00 C -302 4.00 Knob. Can't Come OR
DV-6. 3.00 DV -6A 3 50 The irremovable knobs save time, trouble
Mail orders solicited and Set of and petty annoyances. "Read 'eme" add to
promptly attended to. ten for the appearance of any set. Don't be with -
$1 50 out them. Price Inc each. Set of ten 31 .50.
Dealers and Agents Virile for Special Discount. If your dealer can't supply you with "Read
'ems" order direct.
H. & H. RADIO COMPANY Look for the name "Read 'em" on every post
Clinton Hill Ste. P. O. Boo 22 -E. Newark, N. J. The Marshall- Cerken Co.
Dept. J. 27 N. Oratorio St.. Toledo, Ohio
100
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
4
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101
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
o
AT THE Ili-QUEST OF
ignnwnnwwwwnwigag
POPULAR RADIO, Dept. 127, Here is the name and address of my friend whom I
9 East 40th Street, New York City wish to remember at Christmas time with a year's
I am very glad to avail myself of your special subscription to POPULAR RADIO.
Christmas offer. Please send (so as to arrive on
Christmas morning) a copy of January POPULAR Friend's Name
RADIO to the address shown on the right. Also send
a Christmas Greeting Card, announcing that the gift Address
of a year's subscription is from me. Bill me later
for $2.
My Name
NOTE: If you wish to remember several friends in
My Address this appropriate way, simply write their names and
addresses on a sheet of paper and mail with this
coupon to POPULAR RADIO.
24"
PANEL SWITCH RHEOSTAT- SOCKET UNIT AMPLIFYING UNIT #1
MAKE YOUR
OWN RADIO
RECEIVING SET
ENJOY the concerts.
STANDARD JACKS
market reports, latest
news, etc., as sent out by Targe broadcasting stations. This
NEW copyright book, "EFFICIENT RADIO SETS,, shows how
to make INEXPENSIVE set for receiving wireless broadcasting.,.
The BARKELEW ELEC. MFG. CO. Sent postpaid for 25e. Address J. C. Dorn, Pub., 725 S.
MIDDLETOWN. ON /O. Dearborn St., Dept. 110, Chicago.
Takes 1-4 head -sets. Does more for a dollar than standard make of radio equipment you want. from the
any other plug, and dots It better. Catalogue tree. Is smallest part to complete set, either assembled or
unassembled, end deliver it to you prepaid -all for
Carter Radio CO. Free less than if you did your own buying. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Advice on all radio problems-free to
our client.. Write for plan.
1807 Republic Bldg. CHICAG PERSONAL SERVICE PURCHASING BUREAU
505 Fifth Ave., Desk 12, New York
104
eg.IFFI4<";.-
"The
Best Built
Set in
America"
R-212
....a
IMPROVED RECEPTION
DEALERS! with
4. Better Terminals
Wholesale Radio 5. Better Design
Distributors In short, BETTER EFFICIENCY
than has heretofore been attainable.
Address Dept. 10
Write us about these coils
.
Mail orders filled promptly.
Special Dealer Proposition
WERNES & PATCH PRECISION COIL CO., INC.
159 N. STATE ST. CHICAGO, Ill.
Flushing, N. Y.
SItIÚDISIZÉNIE
This NEW Pyralin -SHELTONE, made by DUPONT, gives greater
volume-better tone and is more beautiful in appearance.
AT ALL DEALERS
Use the SHELTONE with ANY good phones and get wonderful results.
We are distributors for Nath. Baldwin phones and the new Baldwin Loud
Speaker.
THE SHELTONE CO.
185.189 Clinton Ave.. Newark. N. J. Discount to Dealers
105
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Cold Winter
Nights
Won't find you on the roof fixing the
1,000 MILE $39 aerial -- removing snow and sleet, ex-
-
Electra
1Magnetic
ad-awake
$35
ANTEN ELLA
(No aerial or antenna needed.)
A light socket plug that eliminates all out-
side wiring, lightning arresters and other
inconveniences. Merely plug Antenella in
any light socket and you can enjoy the best
in radio in any room in the house.
Now Only $1.25
The Lytton lino of radio masterpieces is now being At your dealers -otherwise send purchase price and you
demonstrated by a number of unsolicited dealers. will be supplied without further charge.
Mark us! When our broad campaign is announced
in a short time, it will start a radio.
Write for catalog. Specify which et interest. you.
has. Freshman 6;.inc.
2t adio Condenser ,
er'odttcfs
106 Seventh Ave., New York
WALTER LYTTON.tric.
GN I CAGO
LYTTON BLDG. E -Z -ON SELECTOR
ALSO
"COAST -TO- COAST"
Loop cet with the Lytton
$112 50
4-tube "Duple.' circuit
ADIO TUBE
The Transformer with the Compensating Coil
Meets All Requirements rio EXCHANGF
We Repu All Standard Makes of Tubes 't1
"Tri-Coil" covers all wave lengths and assures Jackdaw
perfect amplification. W. D. II or W. D. 12 53.50
U. V. 200 or C. 300 $2.75
Tri-Coil" is excellent in standard radio U. V. 201 or C. 301 $3.00 nail
frequency circuits. U. V. 201A or C. 301 A 53.50
"Tri -Coil" is scientifically designed to conform U. V. 199 or C. 299
U. V. 202 or C. 302
$3.50
$3.50
with the individual characteristics of the various New ISS Volt Tubes $4.00
All tubes guaranteed to do the work.
tubes on the market.
"Tri-Coil" Type A is for use with U. V. 201A RADIO TUBE EXCHANGE
YORK CITY
200 BROADWAY DEPT. 3 NEW
or CSO1A tubes. All Mail Orders Given Prompt Attention
"Tri-Coil" Type 9 is for use with U. V. 199 - Orders sent Parcel Post C. 0. D.
C499 W. D. 11 or 12 tubes.
Only $2.00 FOR CLEARER SIGNALS
At your dealers -otherwise by mail
postpaid on receipt of purchase price.
107
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
DX- 1 O-POINT
Critical Circuits
REQUIRE GOOD MICA CONDENSERS
MPG. av
CHAS. FRESHMAN CO.Inc
IdEw v ?RK Clrr
ANTENNA WIRE The FRESHMAN Is so designed that constant equal pres-
sure Is exerted on the condenser plates over the entire area.
They are the only condensers that do this and therefore the
only condensers that avoid noises, which are due to variable
Designed for long distance reception pressure on the plates.
and is different and better than the Capacity Each Capacity Each
usual make -shifts, being hard drawn .0001 8 .35 .0025 S .50
from the finest copper, having a cor- .00015 .35 .003 .60
rugated surface with ten collecting .00025 .35 .00 +5 .70
points on the circumference. This .0002 .35 .004 .75
gives a greater collective surface to .0003 .35 .005 .75
.00035 .35 .006 .75
the high frequency radio currents. .0005 .35 .007 1.0
The result is extreme rensativeness .0006 .40 .008 1.00
and increase in range and clearness of .0006 .40 .01 1.00
PER any set from the simplest Crystal to .001
0015
.40 .015
.02
1.5
2.00
the finest multiple tube receiver. .40
.002 .40 .025 2.50
HUNDRED Use this antenna wire and enjoy
the full possibilities of your set. Ask your dealer or write for our free diagram. of
FEET Sold in coils 100 feet, 200 feet and the Neutrodyne, Sensational New Kaufman No.
500 feet. Order direct or from your 2, Flewelling and other circuits.
nearest dealer.
At your dealers. of herwise send purchase
price and you will be supplied postpaid
RADIO FANS
Tune in on station Cockaday Coil Set $2.50
WEAF( New York) Including full size blue prints of panel layout, complete
picture hookup, and fully illustrated instructions for
construction and operation.
every Thursday at 8:50 P. M. and listen Coils aree fully assembled, made exactly as
to a story or article selected from specified by Mr. Cockaday, D coil bank
wound. Far more efficient than any home
HEARST'S made coils.
Standard parte for this sensational circuit- panel, coils.
condensers, verniers, variable resistance, vernier rheostat,
I N T E R N A T I O N A L socket, double Jack, dials, switch, contact pointe, poste,
' This is one of the most popular weekly features busbar wire, spaghetti, etc, (no tubes or phones).
n the ait" Complete for $11.65
" Postage additional on all shipments
FREE Send No Money. PAY THE POSTMAN
All Goods Shipped Parcel Post C. O. D.
Write for Free Copy of the Latest Radio Reprint
A. It contains a complete story from Hearst's RADIO SURPLUS STORES
International Magazine. HELENA, MONTANA
Address Radio Editor, Hearst's International
Magazine. t to West loth St.. New York City
O the manufacturer of one or more
FOR SALE I
articles of meritorious radio equipment,
this organization, well experienced in the
BROADCASTING STATION trade of Spanish and Portuguese speaking
countries, offers a service of exceptional
500 Watt Master Oscillator interest.
Heising Modulation We now handle the export business of Dubilier Prod-
ucts, Burgess Batteries, Radio Service Labs., Freed -
Now in operation. Public opinion Eisemann and Scholes Radio and Mfg. Corp., and are
equipped to take on one or two additional high grade
classifies this station as one of the lines. Full informaticn and statistics on market condi-
tions in these countries will be given confidentially on
best in the country. No fair offer request.
refused.
ADDRESS. DEPT. S.. POPULAR RADIO AD. AURIEMA
tt6BROAD STREET
NEW YORK CITY
Patent
Applied for c:.. ,e..v.c... I.
WARW.
i eDsms
$4.50 VARIOCOUPLER $4.50 NcNrv.-OráH 'coll.$
Ask your dealer for Leich Radio Products -write "Professional" $7.65 "Dependable" $5.00
us for booklet 101 -I giving complete list and prices. With every Trimm product we give a LIFETIME Guar-
antee. Write for folder.
LEICH ELECTRIC CO. TRIMM RADIO MFG. CO.
GENOA, ILLINOIS Dept. 59 24 S. Clinton St., Chicago
111
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Price, $350
.. Chicago
t
9 East 40th St., New York City: Managing Editor, None: Business
DIETZEN, Inc. Managers. none. 2. That the owners: POPULAR RADIO, Inc.,
whose stockholders are: New Fiction Pub. Corp.. 9 E. 40th St., New
71 Cortlandt Street York City. whose stockholders are: Abel I. Smith. 120 Broadway, New
Dept. New York York City: Marjorie L. Sargent, remium Point,New Rochelle,N. Y.;
P i'
H. B. Emerson, 9 East 40th St., ew York City: Metropolitan Finance
Corporation. 9 East 40th St., New York City; whose stockholder Is
Harvey Flak & Sons. Inc., 34 Pine St.. New York City, whose .tock-
ib j
holders are: Frank B. Ansted, Connersville. Ind.: William G. Auden -
reid Jr. 34 Pine St., New York City: Harvey Flak, 34 Pine St.. New
112
Please mention POPULAR RADIO when answering advertisements.
Fine Lenses
without close adjustment
are worthless!
PPOIPTCOAD rJ
PERFECT FILAMENT CONTROL
u S. PAT. OFR
tional turn of the adjusting screw, perhaps
the width of a hair, that brings the distant
object within the range of clear vision. The
Retail Price, $1.85 slightest turn, either way, makes a blurred,
In Canada, $2.50
Postage 10c
distorted image.
The same is true of radio sets. The finest
detector tube cannot bring in distance clearly
without ultra -fine filament control. The
Perfect Control
For ALL Tuba Universal Bradleystat performs this delicate
operation with utmost precision. The gradual
If you want to extend the range of your radio set,
improve reception and get louder signals, learn adjustment of the Bradleystat knob brings in
about Bradleystat by mailing the coupon below. distant stations without noise or distortion.
Every fine radio set deserves a Bradleystat.
Allen.Bradley Co.,
176 Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Are you getting the best out of your set,
I would like n know more about the Bradleystat a d why
k improves radio reception today? Try a Universal Bradleystat.
Name
100.)1081:00.11.80V
Addre®
$lectric Controlling Apparatus
276 Greenfield Ave. Milwaukee, Wis.
Manufacturers of graphite disc rheostats for over 20 years.
113
tilll Aw-r-^Mil,etOH-.e..~
MOW
Braàletleak
,, y,
'
' :Jln
pl191'iu,,
a---
Better Radio
Long distance records in radio reception depend upon the precise adjust-
ment of several elements in the radio set. Too often, the correct adjustment
of grid leak resistance is considered of minor importance and frequently it
is much too high or too low for the best operation of the detector tube.
The new Bradleyleak adds the final touch of perfection to the radio set.
When substituted for the ordinary grid leak, it enables you to get the
precise value of grid leak resistance which your detector tube requires.
The Grid Leak Is Important! Any resistance between Y. and 10 megohms is obtained without nolsp.
The following table gives the approximate values steps or jumps by merely turning the Bradleyleak knob.
of grid leak resistance recommended by vacuum
tube manufecturert The volume of the detector increases gradually as the proper amount of
Audion(DeEoest) DVb, 2 Megohms grid leak resistance is approached, and if the Bradleyleak knob is turned
C-200 2 Megohms
2 too far, the volume again diminishes. Nothing could be simpler. Try
C-299
r
to S Megohm e
6311 -A 2 Megohms it on your radio set, tonight.
UV-I99 2 to S Megohms
UV -200 2 Megohms
UV -201-A - 2 Megohms
WD t 1 Megohma, or more
WD-12 S Megohms, or more
The Allen -Bradley Co. has built graphite disc rheostats for over twenty years
114
r
t .!!... ir
In the.yuaint old villages and towns of long
ago, when each community was a world unto
itself, the Town Crier played an important
e
part in the affairs of the day. With clanging
bull and stentorian voice, he broadcast the
news, perhaps weeks old. that occasionally
drifted in from outside places.
Today news from all parts is immediately
available right at your fireside. No matter
how isolated your abode, Radio binds you to
civilization. By a turn of the dial, the hap-
penings, entertainments and amusements of
the world are yours to command.
The Crosley Manufacturing Co. has done
much toward bringing this new wonder within
the reach of all and has trade Radio a living.
tangible thing -something to use in daily life,
in business or pleasure.
Popularly priced, these famous receivers
give perfect performance. Unsolicited letters
are received daily from owners telling of satis-
faction and new distance records.
Everyday tests prove to us that Crosley
instruments are the most simple and efficient
Radio receivers ever offered to the public,
regardless of cost.
For Sale by Good Dealers Everywhere
Write for complete catalog. This fully describes
the Crosier line of Radio pans and receivers which Crosley Model X -J $65
gunge in price from a 2 tube set at $30 to the new
beautiful Model X.I. at $140.
A 4 tube radio in- looney set combining one
stage of Tuned Radio Freq orner Amplification.
a Detector, and two stages of Audio Frequency
A:notification. A jack to plug in on three tubes
for head phono. the four tubes heirs otherwise
connected to loud speaker, new Crosby
Multi tat, universal rheostats for all makes of
tubes for dry cells or storage L: tteries, new con-
denser with molded plates. filanent switch
and other refinement add to its rerformance
and beauty.
.Vawhere can a better remitcr
be purchased at any price.
('nst of necessary accessories from Ego up.
l,i t priers ur ec uipment west of the
Rockies tou? higher. In ('snoda add duty.
Better -Cost Less
MAIL THIS COUPON
Products
Radio
R'LW
The Rroadeasling
is
Station
intained by Mr Crosley Manufacturing Co.
Ovary Manufacturing ('o. 1216 Alfred St., Cincinnati, O.
{
1
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Radiola
This synbot
of quality
is your pro.
rection
a, '
LOUDSPEAKER____
RM. Y. At C.r.
This symbol
quality
.a