All lNdiA 20 2}

-··-..-..--.~-~-~!.- Bo
l t 111 , All,,, -~d
··- ··-A
··-ad
·•- '-•-So
~ hn.
··- lv
··- Ed
··-··-· PA
·-·· -pE
. .-R
.. -.. -..-.. -..-
.\laxinrnm ilarA, : 80
~ -
p ~ 1'! -b'.:: ~ t'1lt1lor.tS 11,en c:.an { , d • •-
o, n :"$ (f'JCC.'1JC papa COCS..'1U o( '.t9 <r ~- - quest ions are oompolsory.
(i , J (~JG Jape:, ..1. dn)d cd rmo "'.
f aiiJ In .. •
r ~
. - - .... . <. ! and I
- ~ ior. r:lattl.ber I to 2<J art multiple choice questions (MCQ
"-"'i In IU1loo D -- ~ number 2 1 r.o M,,are ve,:y :dlcx1 an,swcr (VSA) t)pequestio s) carrying 1 mark each.
ns carrying 2 marks each. Answer
101IIClle ~ v,owitd be in the range of JO 'to so.wor,
(~ bl M:Ctl:or' ' - qi..au oo oumbef 27 to 33 arc ~ on ch.
an~~" " (SA) ·t ype questions carrying J marks each. Answer to these
qael&IODJ 1AIJUliid
(vi) In M:Ctiui: I> "" quett ~
mlhe raage of 50 to go \\l'OrdS.
numb er 34 w 3'i are lonl! ansv.~ dl.A} rypc questions
carrying 5 marks
each. Answer to these
quatiom lhoa ld be in the r.-nge of
(VIS ) fn ter i:on f - quest ioo numb er 37 8#J to 120 v.ords .
to 39 are of3 ._ , based rllt' b2std unit<. oh(~
t-" mrnt carrying 4 marks each
with sut,..parts,
("1ii) Ther e ii no overall choic e. How n·er. an ,1i1cm . .
aJ choice bas bceo prO\'i ded in some sccnons.

~~-.~- ·'>«,4 .
3. Sel ect the appro priate state sym bols of the products
given
:: ,, t:~ •. .._.:.l . as X and Y in the fol lowi ng chem ica l eq uation
by
1.~1w aod •,ut tk ,.,ne mo-.t appn,pria'Le optio n choos ing the correc t option from ta bl e given below
out of th e :
fou r '¢'JD'\ ,zlv t: n fo r each of the qu~ tir1m 1
- 20 :
I. Meta l oxide s gener al ly react wi th acids , but few
ox.i des
,.. ~ ~,.. ·th ~ c...: 5 .. ch metal lic ox.ides are:
of metaI a~ r ~ wi v ~"'- ~
l
(X ) (Y)
IL ZnO ( a) (s) (I)
IV. CaO ( b l (aq } (g}
(bJ II and lU (c) (aq ) (s )
<a 1 I and II
rd I and IV (d l
<,·1 lll aodl V
. J of amm oni um chlon.de
,. J_
2. f c,-w uruyti o f aqueo us .so 1ut1on
. The paper turns Two salts 'X' and 'Y' are dissolved in water separa
are put on a un iversa l ind icator paper . 4. tely.
I When pheno lphtha lein is added to these two soluti
~k . ons,
h . .
e the correc t option the solution 'X' turns pink and the solution 'Y' does
Study the fo llowi ng table a nd c oos not
-
show any chang e in colour, therefore 'X' and 'Y' arc
,R.ang e of 1
/\JTlJJlOnJ um c hi orl de
"'atn r e pH
h1:111 allof . .. ..
weak acid and strong less than 7 (X ) (Y)
/ :.) acidic
base ( a) Na 2C0 3 NH4CI
rrore than 7
weak acid an d strong Na 2S04 NaHC0 3
<bJ b-'ciiic (b)
base NH 4CI Na 2S0 4
strong acid and weak Jes s than 7
( C)
,,._, acidic ( tl ) NaNO , Na ,., SO"
base
7
<dJ b!liic s trong acid and
stronl( bas e
 SL

t ' ' Which one of the two nll'llHl is denser \\ .r.t . other
-----
OH
-- s~
All
medium? Justify your nn:-wcr. I (b l In the ~i vc11 dingmm
t t- 1 If the spttd of light in rncJ1um A is "~ ond in (i) Na.me tht' ports l!lbclkd A. 0. and C.
medium B i~ "i,· wbol is the rc(racti, l' indc.-: of B
(ii) Wrirc rhe fum·tions of A and C. J-1.
\\1lh n:spcct 10 A. I

OH
(iii) Retlc, arcs hnvc evolved in nnin,nfs? Why,

t ,, A ray of light starting tro111 diamond is incitknt on ,(II

the intcrfncc separating diamond and water. Draw

4 labelled my diugrnm 10 show the relbc1ion oflight

in thi~ C3s~.- . I
1 h' Absolute rcfracrivc indi~"t·S of diamond n.nd ,,111cr
arc 2A2 and 1.33 r~pt.'l·tivcly. Find tht· value of
rcfrnctjvc index uf water w.r.l. diamond. I
~o. Suuc tJ,c nik t0 dctcm,inc tht> din.-ction uf u (a) magnetic
field produced around a straight conductor carrying
cUrrC'flt and (b) forl'C cxpcricncx·d by a current carrying J O. With the help of nn oppropriate example. Justify that
straight conductor placed in :i magnetic field which is some: of the chemical reactions lUC determined by
pcrpendicular IO it. 2
1.l) Change in temperature.
SECTIO& C ( h) Evolution of a gas. and
Q. \11. 17 ro .1J nrl· Shorr .\ 11 rnn Q 11t· -. 1io11 ~.
(.:) Change in colour
~-: . Expluin rhe rroccss of tran spori of oxygenated and
dlx,xygenat<.'d blood in a hwnon body. .l Give chemical equation for the reaction involved in each ·
lN . 1.ll A substci nl'\:' 'X' is ust.'d as a building material und CllSC. 3
is insolubk· in warer. When it reacts with dil. HCI.
J I. State reasons for Myopio. With the help of ray diagrams_
it produres a gas which turns lime wall.,. milky. J
show the 3
(i) Write the chrmical name and formula of 'X'.
(ii) Write chemical equations for the chemical reactions
(J ) image formation by a myopic eye. and
i1wolvcd in the ubovc stateml'llt5.
( b) correction of myopia using an appropriate lens.
OR

(1'\ A mctal 'M' on reacting \\~th dilute acid liberates a

J 2. What is a solenoid? When does a solenoid behave as a
gas 'G'. The samt' metal also liberates gas 'G' when ;
magnet? Draw the pattern of the magnetic field produced
reuc~ \\11th a h:lse.
inside it showing the directions of the magnetic field
(i) \Vri ri: tht> namt' of gas 'G'.
lines. 3
(ii) How " i ll you rest the presence oftbis gas?
(ii,) Writ e .:-he-mic-31 equations for the reaction s of the JJ . (,1) Write the percentage of(i) solar encrgycnpturc<l by

metal '4ith (I) an acid and (2) a rose. J

the autotrophs and (ii) energy transferred from
autotrophs to the next level in a food chain.
! 'I . 1 , 1 Name tht" glund and tht' hormone secreted by it in
~Gsry sirua tion s buman beings. Li st any two
,n ! h) What are trophic levels? Why do different food
respon ses :;ho't'•TI b) our bod~· when this hormone is chains in an ecosystem not have more than four to
se("rered into rhe blood. J five trophic levels? Give reason . 3
AU India CBSE 8-0a rd ~~d Paper 29
2023
--- --- ---- - - -
(11 1) i-v-,.,.., -,111the r~r:w w; ci a wire b,; atksd l if
Ill\

I I) la-- 6 th 11- dn<;.~LrA , ~

:4 . I 1I
(
1
I A CllCnpociru3 •A, wtlh :. mc,lccular fOf mu.la of tZJ r,:L!u. ~1, al..iJ dl,(.b1c:tr
C:, HcOJ r~ '11111 1.h a bax to y ~c iah ~ ,..,atcr Gnc )ol-\lTfl a:t.OO fo< 'f<>J an, "'ct
ldctl u fy 'A '. ~1Zlc i1A natwc ilod the 02mt uf the
fun ct iona l gr ou p It ~ j C-Sk1 Wr ite chemi cal
equa1100 frr the re;,,-eiion in voh·o:1 . In i:!J c:k:ctrK morn rhrt:t' DJJ IO". u( IC)O W i;ach lilt
(1 iJ Wh en titt above
}Ulc:l C0mnn t1nd 'A' . · . 1..
c o g ~ in .c-r,~ a ~ .:rec In i:JIIJoltJet orcuit
l(i

<EJochcr corn ,._,,.,. -A • u ... _ . ,,-- Tt2ct.~ """1u1

~ CJ(Lh rc-.c ~rO"\ of the ·.arn'! "h;t11a ~ t ~re: (;l)fl f\CCled
.,..,...ru o ,uv1o g molec ulu fCJfTTltlla
r"'-7 H '>O i n the ,,nr• ~ - f-
• _,_,"""" o 4II ao.d.. .i s•...-a:r vncl l in,i m p--<t!al k l 10 the \atl"< .,,ur cc
compo un d 'C 1s formed_
(1) Will th!' ho-J ib 1n th~ t ;.o ci ra .11 b ~<Y"' with the
(I) ldeT)tify ·s- and ·c . \.o:ffiC bri;t.htnC'I><' lu.-.t lf~ ,w,
aft\-V\." f

<l) ~tc the rok of ac,d 10 th" reaction. ~ "II"'. kt one bulb 10 ht.AA the cirrui l\ ¢ f~ -
(llj

(J) W ritt cbem1 ca l e<j ua tion fo r tbt reacti W,1 I Lhc: r~ nf tl~ bulb-\ contin ue to ~QI,,,' in each
on
rn ..,olvcd . ora.111'! Gn c rra~ for your aJ1 \>.11er

OR SECTION-£
(\.,I (I) Nmi-e th e compo und formed whC'Tl ethane.I is
I, , 111 .. 1, t,., . ., ,j ' IIJ -, 111,rn ,,. ,t h 1
hea ted li t 443 K 1n the ~nc:n cc of cooc. H SO! and
') .3 ,h-p .. r l •,
2
dn, "- tl5 de.ct roo dot '-lructu r t . State tM: rok of cooc.
, rl 101 r r, · I I hr, 11 I ~ r11 -id11J 111 , , ! ,,r
II \UIHJ Hh
H!S04 m Ult\ r eact100.

(11) \l.~ t i,s h)'1irogenatioo:' Explain it 1...,,th the

.'\ - . On the lP~ t, of r~1.1 vity rnctal'\ il l t yoope d 1nttJ thr ee:
help
ufa chemi cal c,quau&n . Sutc the rote of th is r~io n c:ate,-6')ri ~
10 tnd UStf) .
(iJ "Aaab 0f!o-" r~e11v Jty
>~- GP c :casoo for the foll<J'll-,ing:
(ii) Metal<\ of medium reactivity
1_, D\lnn g, repro ducti o n 1ohc11 tancc of d iffc-r ent
pmtc im ..., 11 lead to ahcrcd bod) deslgn,s.
( i11 J \icta h of high rcaa1,,ity

, ~ , Fcr11l1za1100 canno t tak.c place Th-erefOfe maa h are extr&Ctcd in p-urc form fr om thc,r
in flowe r\ i f
po! I1.nm ioo ooo not occur. exes oo the b:1t.L\ 0( thei r c.htrmcal prr,pe rt 1C'•,

'c Al l muh1odlular orgartlSm) c:anD-0( gJ '- C rise to ne-.i: ~{eta! <, of high reacti vity are c,.tr;:a cd fr om
their Ofc:o.
individual.5 tbroo,gh fragmc:ntat t00 or rc,generatioo.. by electr@yfr~ oft~ molten ore.

I ,: \'cgeta U \.C 1>1°~ ~ i~ praai;c:d fOl' g:T~ vg CXl I, ~aall) of lo,,. rt?A:ti •11cy ;,re txlraet c:d (rom thc,r w lph idt
':,OU!<: rypc of plan u... ort'). 9rt,ici) art conve ned mw rhcir o:1.1dc, The o:<Jdc\

Th e paren ts and o ff- s prin 1p of or ao1sm ~ of lhe<ie meta b are r t:doc.e<l lO ma.a lo; b-j )1m pie hc:au ng,
6
repr~ ~m g ~\1211~ 112, c th<: ~rm numb c of , ~~ the Pf~" c,f rtdua 1on u1td for a mc:ta l ch.-t
c:hr~~ gj1,-c-s vigor~ rcact.100 •.w1lh :u r and 1.v11tcT both
)6 . ,_ 11 J Whal t) cr,::a.'11 ~ rcs~tz 2c.e d a oorc&..letOC".'
Carbon canr.(J( be o,,t.d a, a roou1:.1 0i a~ai t to oblai n
[xf;x i ts SJ un n
aluminiu m from it~ ~1<k'! Why'
(u ) Lat factor\ on A'bidi l.hc rn~r ice
1-.0 1
u( a
[~nb e bneOy iht mdh~ LO obt.atrt mercu ry frvm
rectan guw coru:b.:aor ckpal <k
ctnn.aba r W r 11e th-~ ch~mie2: I tqlli!II01'1 for lht
reaetion"i m,ul•,ed IR the , ,ocn,
 OR J 9.
SCIEN~

A student took three concave mirrors of different fota\

--
Alli n

(c) D ifferentiate between roasting and calcination

lengths and performed the experiment to see the irna8'
formation by placing an object at different distances Witl)
-
giving chemical equation for each. these mirrors as shown in the following table. ~
I.
All human chromosomes are not paired. Most human Object-distan ce Focal len_gth
Case No.
chromosomes have a maternal and a paternal copy, and 20 cm
I 45cm
we have 22 such pairs. But one pair called the sex
11 30cm 15 cm
chromosomes, is odd in not always being a perfect pair. A
Ill 20cm 30cm
Women have a perfect pair of sex cb.romosomes . But
men have a mismatched pair in which one is normal Now answer the following questions:
sized while the other is a short one. 4
(a) List two properties of the image fonned in Case l.
a) In humans, how many chromosome s are present in
a Zygote and in each gamete? ( b) ln which one of the cases given in the table, the
mirror will form real image of same size and wbyl
b) A few reptiles rely entirely on environmenta l cues
for sex determinatio n. Comment. (c) Name the type of mirror used by dentists. Give
reason why do they use type of mirrors.
J ''The sex of a child is a matter of chance and none
of the parents are considered to be responsible for OR
it." Justify it through flow chart only.
(c) Look at the table and identify the situation (object
OR distance and focal length) which resembles the
situation in which concave mirrors are used as
Why do aJJ the gametes formed in human females shaving mirrors? Draw a ray diagram to show the
have an X chromosome? image formation in this case.
 All India CBSE Board Solved Paper 2023 31

J. th )Amphoteric o~ides react with both . acids and bases. 9. (c l In pea plants. a pure tnll plant (TT) is cros-scd with
ZnO and Al 2O3 are amphoteric in nature. t I mnrl-. )
a shon plant (n) . The ratjo of pure tall plant to s.hon
plants inf , is l : I
' 2·7", Nott \ Following combinations of genotype emerge in F 2
,◄ ,,,photerlc na/Jlre of ZAO and Al10 3: generation : TT (I). n (I) and Tt (2).
This shows that ratio of pure tall (TT) to pure ~hon (tt) is
ZnO +2HCl-----+ZnCl 2 + H 2O l: I. ( I m 11 r k )
I 0. (d) Mice and rabbit are the primary consumers they ar~
ZnO +2NaOH-----+ Na 2ZnO 2 + H.2O
dependent on producers like seeds. plants and grass for
Al 20 3 +6HCl-----+2AICl 3 +3H 20 food. (1 mar l...)

Al 2O3 ~2Na0H -----+2N aAI0 2 + H2O , L.::c-"==-i Note \

(c) Ammonium chloride (NH 4 CI) is a salt of a strong Primary conswners are also .brown a.J hubtvort1u.s.
acid HCI and a weak base NH4 OH.
11 . (b) Leishmania undergoes binary fission like Amoeba .
Thus, there will be an excess of t-r ions and the PH of
the solution will be less than 7. ( I mark) leishma nia divides into two daughter cells longitudinally
J. (h) The reaction between Zn and 2 H SO gives an ionic and such a type of binary fission is called longitudinal
4
compound ZnSO4 that remains in aqueous state along binary fission . In Leishmonia, binary fission occurs in a
with the release of "2 gas. definite orientation . Nuclear division is foUowed by the
Thus, X = (aq.), Y = (g) ( I m a r k) appearance of a constriction in the cell membrane. The
I .J. (n ) Phenolp hthalein is an indicator that turns pink in membrane grows transversely inwards from the middle
alkaline medium . of the dividing cell . Cytoplasm separates into two equal
parts having one nucleus each. (J mark)
Therefore, solution ·x· must be an alkaline solution or a
solution of a salt of a weak acid and strong base. Thus. 11. ( b) 'I' is a displacement reaction as it involves displace-
·x· must be Na CO and •y· must be NH 4Cl. l I m a r k ) ment of W ions from HCI and formation of MgCI .,.
1 3
'II' is a double displacement reaction as it involv~ ex-

~-== Nott J change of ions between NaOH and HCI.

13. (b) Red colour bend and deviate the least.
( l ma·r k)
whereas violet
Phenolphthalein is a pH indicator that is colourless at pH colour bend and deviate the most. So ·p· is violet and ·Q·
between Oto 8.3. has pink colour al pH between 8.3 and is red. ( I mar k )
J0.0, and is again co/011rless at pH above 10.0
1' ~~} Not~ j
5. (hl I- nucleus. 2- chloroplasL 3- vacuole. 4- guard cell Dispersion takes place because di/fe1Tnt coJoun of light
( 1 ma rk)
travels with different speed ilJ the priJm,

____
, ..-:.-:. /\Iott \, 1➔ . ( 1: ) 'X' and 'Y' only
ln the given diagram , flower "X" and " Y"' contains female
Guan/ cells art' pairs of epidermal cells thaJ control gas reproductive parts of tbe flower. Flower 'X' contains both
d.lffes.iM b_,· regula ting tire ope:ning and cloSIITf ofJ.l.omatal male and female reprodu ctive part s necessa ry for
para.. fertilisation to occur and will facilitate the development
t1 . (rl Walki ng in a straigh t line and riding a bicycle are of fruit The female clements are collectively called the
volunt ary action s and are controlled by cerebellum. pistil. The top of the pistil is called the stigma. which i:-.
a sticky surface recepti ve to pollen and flower 'Z' contains
Cerebellum cootrol voluntary actions such as bod), posture
male reproducti ve pans of the now~. The male parts of
and b:i.Jancc of the body. In,olun tary actions such as
the flower are called the stamcrb and are made up of the
vomitin g. blood presrure are under the control of medulla
( I mor "- l anther at the top and th e stalk or fil ament that supports
of bind bra in .
the anther. The ovary is the pan of the ftmale reproductive
1.1) In cooca, e mirror. image is erect only when object
structure of the flower. the pisti I. Ovctry be:ar.,, ovul cs inside
is betwcc:n focus (F) and pole (P). So. distance of object it Fruit is a ripened ovary of the plant that d~elops af\cr
from the mirror shou Id be less than focal length i.e. less ferti lization . Ovules in the ovary develop into seed.. For
than I O cm ( I m.,r~ )
flower ·y· the female reproducti ve pan is present if er~
S. (d) Bronze is an alloy of Cu and Sn . fertil i.sation occurs then fruit wi ll develop . ( I mJr 1' )
Brass is an alloy of Cu and Zn. 11 m~rh)
Dll l l~~--- -----------t-.i----- -----mi,o":l w~wl'C-a;;:a--w------ ------ 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -
32 SCIENCE-lo
r ::.. For an ideal long solenoid. magnetic field inside the
{ cl ) 2.\ . Enzyme present in the liquid of mou1h cavity is sali vary
solen oid is a long the n..~is and is unifonn. and outside the amyl ase . Gland which produces thi s enzyme is sa livary lr
solenoid ii is zero. ( I n m r k) gland t his enzyme he lps in di gestion of sturch in OUr
16 . ( d) The front part of eye is comet1 and it allows light 10 mouth if 1his gland s lop secr e ting th is e nzym e tht
enter into the eye. ( I n in r") digestion of starch will stop. (~ mur ks)
17 . ( d) While diluting an acid. we should add the acid to by Ohm's law current th rough the
As R rs constant. so
water to initially make n dilute solution as rhe process of
a l difference
conductor is directly proportion al to poten1i
dissolution is highly exothermic. Thus. Assertion (A) is r
across i1. Therefore ifpoten1inl difference is decreased 10
false bur Reason (R) is true. ( I 111 :l r h. )
one-fourth of initi a l value, current will al so decrease to
18. ( a ) The flow of energy in a food chain is unidirectionol
one-fourth of in itial va lue. (2 nrn~s)
as food chain is a linear sequence of transfer of energy.
The energy that is captured by the nutolrophs cnonol be As ligh1 is bending towards normal so ray is movi ng
1. 1 l
returned to the sun a nd the energy which passes 10 th e from rarer medium lo denser medi um . So medium 'B' is
herbivores cannot be return back to autotroph s. As it denser w. r.1. medium 'A'. ( I mark )
moves successively through th e vnriou s trophic levels. it
is no longer available to the Inst trophic level. ( I m u r l, )
J 9. ( c) Amoeba possesses finger- like projections called as
pseudopodia which ar e invol ved in fetching and
consumption of prey but the entire cell s urface is not
involved in this process. ( t rn Hrl, )

~ ~=: Note )
1
1

Amoeba are found in water bodies sue/, as ponds, lakes and

s/01t-L-moving rivers.
20. (u) Ethanol is a covalent compound that bas weak at-
tractive forces while NaCl is an ionic compound that has ( hl Refracti ve index of'B' w. r.t 'A' is given as
stronger electrostatic or coulombic forcl-s of attraction. A _ ~lB _ C VA Va
µ9----=-=-
Therefore, the melting and boiling point of ethanol are µA V9 V9 Vb
lower than thal of NaCl. C

Thus, both. Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and VA

Reason (R) is a correct explanation of Assertion (A).

( I m ;1 r k )
[·: "A = va and v 8 = vb) ( t ma rk)
2 I. The given reaction involves conversion of Mn0 2 into OR
MnCl 2 in which the oxidation state of Mn changes from As ray is moving from diamond (denser) to water
( .1 )
+4 to +2. Thus. it is reduced. ( 1 ma rk ) (rarer). so ray will bend away from normal. ( I mark)
The oxidation state of Cl changes from -I in HCI to O in
Cl 2. Thus, it is oxidized. ( I mar k )
Therefore. the given reaction is a Redox react ion.
22. (d ) The movement of leaves may occur in response to
touch . So the information that is touch is communicated
by chemical means transfer from ceU to eel I. The movement
of shoot occurs due to phototropism that is the movement Diamond(~)
of shoot in direction ofsunJight (2 ma rk~)
OR
( h) Transmission of nerve impulses occurs between two (b) Refractive index of \Ir.lier w.r.t diamond is given as
neurons via junction called the synapse. At the end of the
axon , the electrical impulse sets releases some chemjcal~
(neurotransmitters). These chemicals cross the gap or
synapse and start a similar electrical impulse in the µw 1.33 133
dendrite of the next neuron. So-=--=- ( I murk)
(2 m ur k, ) . µ0 2.42 242
' All India CBSE Board Solved Paper 2023 33
! t>- ''Maxwell's Right- Hand Thumb Rule "can be used to
1J \ The target organs or the specific tissues on wruch it acts
determine the direction of magnetic field lines around include the heart As a result, the heart beats faster,
3 current-carrying straight cooductor. (1 ma r k ) resulting in supply of more oxygen to our muscles. The
( t'I J "Fleming's Left Hand Rule" is used to fi.nd the blood to the digestive system and skin is reduced due to
direc1jon of force act ing on a current carrying contraction of muscles around smnll arteries in these
conductor. placed in a magnetic field. (l murk ) organs. (} ms r k~ )
ct ]7 . The heart is a muscular organ which is as big as our fist.
It Because both o:<ygen and carbon diox_ide have to be OR
(i) A- Sensory neuron , B- Relay neuron. C- Effector
'- transported by the blood. the heart has different chambers
muscle in arm
to prevent the o:<ygen-rich blood from mixing with the
blood containing carbon dio:ude. The carbon dioxide-rich (ii) A sensory neuron carries impulses from the receptor
blood has to reach the lungs for the carbon dioxide to be 10 the CNS (brai.n or spinal c-0rd). C- Effectors are
removed, and the oxygenated blood from the lungs has to muscles or glands which respond when they receive
be brought back to the heart . This oxygen-rich blood is impulses from motor. neurones . Examples of effectors
then pumped to the rest of the body. We can follow tfas are the biceps and triceps muscles in the arm . When
process step by step. Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs stimulated. muscles contract get shorter).
canes to the thin-walled upper chamber of the heart on (iii) A basic reflex arc consist of sensory neurons, motor
the left. the left atrium. The left atrium relaxes when it is neuron and the muscle or gland cells.
collecting this blood. It then contracts, while the next Reflex arc, have evolved in animals, in order to perform
chamber, the left ventricle, relaxes, so that the blood is quick responses against the external stimuli, as the
transferred to it When the muscular left ventricle contracts thinking process of brain is not fast enough . 13 m a r k s )
in its turn, the blood is pumped out to the body. De-
oxygenated blood comes from the body to the upper _, ~~~ i Not~ \
chamber on the rigbL the right atrium, as it relaxes. As The main difference between sensory and motor neuron is
the right atrium contracts, the corresponding lower their fun ction and structure.
chamber. the right ventricle, dilates. This transfers blood
10 the right ventricle, which in tum pumps it to the lungs JO. ( a) Chemical reaction detected bya change in tempera-
ture:-
fer oxygenation. Since ventricles have to pwnp blood into
various organs. they have thicker muscular walls than the CaO + H~O~Ca(O H)i + Heat
atria do. Valves ensure that blood does n(){ flow back-wards (Quick lime) -

when the atria or ventricles conttact. (3 mu r ks ) This reaction involves release ofbeat (exothermic reaction)
] 8. , .1 ) (i) ·x· = Calcium carbonate. CaCO . ( I ma rk ) along with the formation of Ca(OH) .
3 2
(ii) Equations:- Thus, the temperature of the system rises indicating a
chemical change. ( l m3r k )
CaCO 3+ 2HCl ~ CaCI~ + H~O+CO 2 i (b) Chemical Reaction detected by evolution of a gas:-
(S )

Zn+ H2SO4 ~ZnSO4 +H 2 i

Ca(OH),+ CO 2 ~CaCO 3 + Hp The H2 gas produced here gives a popping sound upon
(lime ._..er ) (2 ma r ks)
(mill.)•S()lubon)
burning. indicating a chemical change bas taken pince.
OR
("1 mu r k )
r
1 1 (i) The gas evolved in bolh the cases in Hydrogen . (c) Chemical reaction detected by a change in colour :-
·G· = H.,. (J m:.u k )
( jj ) Theµ eseoc:e ofH1 gas am be checked by tringing FeSO 4 Hea1
Fe 1 O 3 + SO 2 + SO 3
(G=) (Brown - red)
a burning candle near the gas. ( l ma r k l
A pq,pmg SOlllld indica1es the presence ofH2 gas. Here, the thermal decomposition of FeSO causes it to
4
(iii) Reactions:- give brown-reddish Fi½O 3. ( 1 n,urk)
J I. If the eyeball is too long or the eyelens is too spherical
(!) Zn + 2HCl~ZnC 1 1 + H 2 i then final image is formed infront of retina and this
condition is called myopia ( I m n r l.. )
(2) Zn ~2NaOH~ Na 1ZnO 2 + H 2 i
(50dnm n ~ ) (.1 l Image formation by myopic eye

(1 m n r k )
?9. 1... 1 Adrenaline (epin~phrin e) is a hormone adren al
glands make to help human being to prepare for stressful
or dangerous siruatioo.s. AdreMLine is secreted directl y
into the blood and carried to different parts of the body.
 g
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jili India CBSE Board Solved Paper 2023 35

. N
1d I The property of vegetative propagation is used in
7 ' 'i Highly reactive metals hke a are obtainedby ' Elec·
methods such as layering or grafting to grow many plants J · . , ( 1 111 :11 I, )
trolytic reduction . . II
like sugarcane, roses, or grapes for agricultural purposes. The metal is deposited at cathode of the electrolytic ce_ .
Plants raised by vegetative propagation can benr flowers ( Ii I Carbon cannot be used as a reducing agen_t to obtatn
and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds. Such aluminium from its oxide because Al lies up tn the
methods also make possible the propagation of plants
reactivity series of metals an d '-ior sue h metals • electro-
such as banana, orange, rose and jasmine that have lost . 1s. a su1ta
. bl e method · ( I m ,1rk I
lytic reduction
the capacity to produce seeds.
1 Cinnabar (HgS) is a sulphide ore of Hg.
( I m ar k ) , ,·
(,') Gametes of sexually-reproducing animals have half . · · f trs
' t • HgS is heated
Hg lies low in the react1vt~se nes.
the number of chromosomes as that of the parents. Thus,
10 give HgO which upon further heating, gives Hg.
during fertilization, when two gametes i.e. male and 11 marl, )
female gametes, fuse, the offspring produced will have
the same amount of DNA or the same number of 2HgS(s)+3 0 2 (g) Heat 2Hg0(s)+ 2S02(g)
chromosomes as that of the parent. ( 1 m a rl-) Heu
, 6. ( ,1 I 2Hg0(s) 2Hg(l)+0 2 (g) ( I m ar l-- )

(i) Resistance of a conductor is the opposition offered UH

by it to flow of charge carriers (electron) inside it. Its SI 11. ) R oJ, t i Il l! : It is the process of heating the_ sulphide
unit is Ohm. ores in the excess of air to give corresponding metal ox-
( I 11, ma r k, )
(ii) Resistance depends on factors such as ides. ('/, m ll r l-- )
(I) Nature of conductor
e.g: 2ZnS(s)+ 30i(g)~2Z nO(s)+2S Oi(g) ('/: ma rl, )
(2) Length of conductor
C a lc ina l iun : It is the process of heating the ore in
(3) Cross-secti onal area of conductor ( 1111 m:1 rk, )
(iii) the absence of air to directly give the oxide of the metal.
(I) As Rex:/ (' '1 ma rl, )
So iflength is doubled, then resistance also get doubled . e.g. 2ZnC0 3 ( s) Heat
ZnO(s)+C 0 2 (g) (' I, m u r k )
l I ( !ma r k )
(2) As R ex: A i.e Rex:? [ ·: A = m 2 ] .'.\ 8. ( .1 l Zygote is fonned due to the fusion of male and female
gametes. Gametes are haploid cells. Thus fusion oftwo haploid
So if radius is doubled, then resistance becomes one-
cells results in the formation ofa diploid cell. Therefore zyge1e
fourth . ( I ma r k) is a diploid cell with 46 chromosomes. Gametes will have
OR 23 chromosomes \ l 111a r k )
( bl ( i) Let us ~ e that resistance ofeach bulb is R Case ( 1)
V cl'
Current in each bulb= )R ( I m," r k ) ~
XY xx
Case (2)

V 3V
J\ l
Net current = R/3 = R (1 ma rk )

I V
Current will get equally divided in three bulbs =3 = R
.,
Bulbs in case (2) will glo~ with great brightness because Girl Boy
current oc Brightness . ( I ma rk) ( h) In few reptiles like crocodiles, alligators and turtles, the
(ii) Now if one bulb gets fused, in case ( l ), rest ofbulbs
temperature of egg incubation has a significant influence on
will not glow because in series voltage eruption in one
the sex detennination of the developing embryoo. ( I In ar k )
appliance will affect other appliances . ( I ma rk ) ( 1.· ) Most human chromosom es have a maternal and a
But in case (b) all other bulbs will glow as voltage
paternal copy, and we have 22 such pairs. But one pair,
eruption in one bulb does not affect the voltage of other
called the sex chromosom es, is odd in not always being a
bulbs. ( I mark )
 ---- - - - - -

36 SCIENCE-10

perfect pair. Women have a perfect pair of sex (iii) Smaller than size of object
11, 1 [n case (II), image wi 11 be formed al centre
ofcurvature
chromosomes, both called X But men have a mismatched
and will be real and size same as that ofobjcct . ( l m:irk )
pair in wh.ich one is a normal-sized X while the other is
IL , Dentist use concave mirror because when teeth is in
a short one called Y. So women are XX, while men are between focus (F) and pole (P) of concave mirror, we get
X'Y. All children will inherit an X chromosome from their enlarged and erect image behind the mirror. (2 n1 .1r k\
mother regardless of whether they are boys or girls. Thus. OR
the se:~ of the children will be determined by what they 1'- 1Case (III) is used as shaving mirror, because when
inherit from their father. A child who inherits an X face is between focus (F) and pole (P) of concave mirror,
chromosome from her father will be a girl, and one who we gel enlarged and erect image behind the mirror as
inherits a Y chromosome from him will be a boy. Thus, shown in fig. below. ( I m ::i r l.. )
the sex of a child is a matter of chance and none of the
,.
parents are considered lo be responsible for it. (l mark ) ,.
,. I
I
,."' I
O J~ ,. I
✓ I
All children will inherit an X chromosome from their ,,' ,'
I
mother regardless of whether they are boys or girls. Thus, I
I

the sex of the children will be determined by what they

inherit from their father. A child who inherits an X
chromosome from her father will be a girl, and one who p
inherits a Y chromosome from him will be a boy. Thus,
all the gametes formed in hwnan females have an X
chromosome. ( -l nwrl- )

111 , , Here, Jul = 45 cm and /f/ = 20cm

( I ma r k )
as /u/ > j2f/ So image fonned will be (i) real and inverted
(ii) Between f and 2f (':, :!. = I m .1 r k )