Sample-SIP-Proposal

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SANTIAGO CITY
SANTIAGO CITY NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL
Calaocan, Santiago City
(1) PROJECT PROFILE
Project Title: Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca L.), Orange Peel (Citrus
Aurantium Dulcis), Mango Peel (Mangifera indica L.) as an
Organic Hand Sanitizer
Names of Project Proponents: Alexis Antolin

Region: 2 Division: Santiago City
School: Santiago City National High School Grade Level: 10
Project Duration (number of months): 3 months
Email: [email protected]
Contact Number: 09216004504
(2) CATEGORY OF RESEARCH (4) THEME
Physical Science Food Safety
/ Life Science Water Conservation
Robotics and Intelligent Renewable Energy
Machines Cyber Security
Mathematics and Traffic/Road Congestion
Computational Sciences / Health
Disaster Mitigation
(3) Agriculture and Environment
/ Individual Others (pls specify)
Team
(5) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Executive Summary
The research proposal 'Organic Wastes: Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca L.),
Orange Peel (Citrus Aurantium Dulcis), Mango Peel (Mangifera indica L.) as an
Organic Antimicrobial Hand Sanitizer' is generally carried out to introduce a
material that would be of great assistance not only to our personal interest, but
also to our community. This study is anchored on the principle of health. It’s also
geared toward re-engineering organic waste materials such as overlooked fruit
peelings in order to produce a cost-effective and environmentally friendly product.
Address: Narra Street, Calaocan, Santiago City

Contact Numbers: (078) 305- 0086
Email Address: [email protected]
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Aside from organic wastes, the COVID 19 pandemic has been the main source of
concern not only in the Philippines, but all over the globe. These problems that we
are currently facing in the health and environmental sectors prompted the
researcher to propose a solution in the form of an organic hand sanitizer. The
product can serve as the main hygiene material or disinfectant in every household
for the entire family. To verify efficacy, testing will be conducted. This study seeks
to help solve the problem regarding organic wastes and human health concerns. It
also introduces a new hand sanitizer that is significantly safer and less expensive
than the commercial sanitizers that’s typically displayed on the market.
(6) INTRODUCTION
(6.1) RATIONALE/SIGNIFICANCE (not to exceed 300 words)
Rationale/Significance
Organic waste is among the leading causes of one of the most serious
problems that confronts the globe: Freshwater Pollution. According to the
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, the global food system
is one of the largest contributors to Global Climate Change accounting for one-
third (1) of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions (Gilbert, 2012).

3
According to the Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Department of
Science and Technology, 1,717 metric tons of food are wasted in the Philippines on
a daily basis. In Metro Manila alone, an estimated 2,175 tons of leftovers are
thrown away every day. Almost 930 million tons of food were sold in 2019 and
ended up in landfills (Dela Pena, 2021).

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Fruit and vegetable-based companies, as well as residential kitchens,
generate vast amounts of peel waste, resulting in major nutritional, economic
losses, and environmental difficulties. Fruit and vegetable processing on its own
generates enormous waste, accounting for 25–30% of the entire product (Kumar et
al. 2020).
In March 2019, the Coronavirus pandemic alarmed the entire world. Although
hand sanitizers are an excellent way to reduce bacteria on the skin, consumption
or inappropriate usage can be harmful to your health. Recent research has
discovered that young children who swallowed alcohol-based hand sanitizer
suffered major side effects such as apnea, acidosis, and coma (Watson, 2021).
It is therefore the main desire of the researcher to propose an organic product
made from organic wastes that can be effective and beneficial in many aspects,
particularly in targeting environmental and health safety. The researcher would
like to know if the product made from commonly encountered fruit peelings,
orange, banana and mangos would be an effective antimicrobial hand sanitizer.
Not only is this project timely relevant, but it is also a push towards greener
production techniques and sustainable practices.
(6.2) SCIENTIFIC BASIS/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK/MATHEMATICAL

THEORY INVOLVED
Scientific basis
Antimicrobial activities have been demonstrated in all of the organic
peelings employed in this investigation. The antimicrobial activity of banana peel
has been shown in several research. A researcher named Ighodaro looked into the

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antimicrobial activity of banana peel extract (M. paradisiaca) against human
pathogenic bacteria and found that it inhibited S. aureus. aureus, E. Proteus
mirabilis with E. coli. Another study found that banana peel has antimicrobial
action against P. gingivalis and A. niger. actinomycetemcomitans (Kapadia et al.
2015).
Orange peel extract exhibits significant antimicrobial action against
Enteric pathogens. The extract was found to be beneficial against Klebsiella
pneumonia by Akdemir. In other studies, it has been proven that orange peel
flavonoid hesperidin, has antimicrobial activities. Citrus peels are well-known for
their high concentrations of polyphenols, which have been shown to contain
antimicrobial properties (Mehmood et al. (2015).
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are also found in mango peel
extracts. According to a study conducted by researchers, mango byproducts have
significantly higher total antioxidant capacity, phenolic content, and antimicrobial
activity than the fruit itself (Espinoza et al. 2013).
Theoretical Framework
Microbial Chemical hand Protected against

problems sanitizers microbes
Organic hand Safe from

sanitizers accidental ingestion
Proper hand
hygiene

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Environmentally
Republic of the Philippines friendly
Region II – Cagayan Valley Safe from potential
skin irritation
SCHOOL
Figure 1. The theoretical frameworkCalaocan, Santiago
demonstrating theCity
efficacy and anticipated outcome of
this study.

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(6.3) OBJECTIVES
Objectives
Generally, this study sought to find out the effectiveness of Organic Wastes as
an Antimicrobial Hand Sanitizer.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:
1. What are the active constituents of orange, banana, and mango peels that
may inhibit the growth of species of microorganisms?
2. What is the mean zone of inhibition against the species of microorganisms
of the following extracts?
a. Individual Peels (Orange Peels, Banana Peels, Mango Peels)
b. Dual Combinations (Orange peels and Banana Peels, Orange peels and
Mango Peels, Banana peels and Mango peels)
c. Triple Combination (Orange peels, Banana peels, and Mango peels)
3. Is there a significant difference between the mean zone of inhibition against
the species of microorganisms of the following extracts?
a. Individual Peels (Orange Peels, Banana Peels, Mango Peels)
b. Dual Combinations (Orange peels and Banana Peels, Orange peels and
Mango Peels, Banana peels and Mango peels)
c. Triple Combination (Orange peels, Banana peels, and Mango peels)
4. What is the perception of the respondents as to the following properties of
the organic hand sanitizer?
a. Texture

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b. Scent
c. Acceptability
(7) REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Review of Related Literature
Hand Sanitizers
Hand sanitizer is a cleansing agent whose primary function is to eliminate
common pathogens and germs (microscopic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
protozoa) on hands. The product is an effective material when it comes to fighting
disease- causing organisms and is useful in controlling the transmission or spread
of infectious diseases. They come in a variety of forms, typically in the form of
foam, gel, or liquid. Hand sanitizers are usually applied when there is an absence
of soap and water in sanitizing. (Rogers, 2010)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that when it
comes to preventing the spread of coronavirus, hand hygiene is a must. If soap
and water are not readily available, hand sanitizers may be a good alternative.
Using hand rubs will help prevent the spread of viruses from one person to
another. (FDA, 2019)
We do not have access to soap and water all the time. Thus, a pocket-sized
material may be a good substitute as it is more accessible to users.
Coronavirus
According to the World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease (COVID-
19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. People with

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illnesses,

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especially in the respiratory area, are more likely to be infected by the said disease.
Aside from that, it was also found in a study that the older you are, the more likely
you are to contract the virus. The symptoms usually range from mild to moderate.
Some, however, may fall severely ill and require serious medical attention. (WHO,
2020)
Coronavirus spreads mainly from person to person. Some of these contacts
are acquired through conversations, interactions, and socializations of people. The
most common actions that can spread the virus are through careless coughs and
sneezes. When caught, it can lead to pneumonia, respiratory failure, heart
problems, liver problems, septic shock, and even death. That’s why proper hand
hygiene is recommended to get rid of the virus people have acquired throughout
the day. (Pathak, 2021)
How do products with antimicrobial properties help us?
Antimicrobial agents are any of a wide range of chemical compounds and
physical agents used to kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms.
Antimicrobial-containing solutions help maintain our homes, schools, offices, and
other public spaces clean and sanitary on a regular basis. They can help people
stay healthy by preventing the growth of potentially dangerous microorganisms.
Some of the products that involve the use of antimicrobial components are found
in cleaning and disinfecting products. Aside from that, products with antibacterial
ingredients are found to be very helpful in healthcare settings. (CSF, 2021)

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When it comes to killing bacteria and viruses to help keep patients,
operating, and emergency rooms free of germs, disinfectants and sterilizers are a
huge help. It helps protect humans from any form of health hazards and is
undoubtedly useful in preventing the spread of infections. In that way, patients,
doctors, and nurses are secured from disease/s. (CSF, 2021)
Issues regarding chemical hand sanitizers
Hand sanitizer’s primary purpose is to obviously sanitize the hands. They
do, unfortunately, contain harmful unidentified ingredients that could damage
skin cells. When this occurs, the risk of developing contact dermatitis increases as
it is found that the excessive usage of alcohol causes greater possibility of having
unexpected medical problems. Irritation, dry, and broken skin are just some of
the negative side effects of putting these unknown toxins on our skin. The use of
chemical hand sanitizers are also known to cause antibiotic resistance which
makes people more at risk of infections. (Makati Medical Center, 2020)
In the span of two months from May to June 2021 in Arizona and New
Mexico, there were 15 reported cases of adverse health events, including death,
due to accidental ingestion of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. This was because
some alcohol-based hand sanitizers contain the ingredient methanol which is a
dangerous chemical that can lead to a person’s death. (Yip et al., 2021)
The American Association of Poison Control Center reported 9504 alcoholic
hand sanitizer exposure cases in children under the age of 12 years in the first five
months of 2020, recognizing that even a small amount of alcohol can cause alcohol

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poisoning in children, which causes confusion, vomiting, and drowsiness, and in
severe cases, respiratory arrest and death. (Mahmood et al. 2020)
Ethanol
Ethanol is a colourless, transparent fluid with a distinct flavor. Ethanol can
be found in cleaning solutions and cleansers. It's also known as rubbing alcohol
and can be used as an antiseptic. Ethanol can destroy a wide range of bacteria and
viruses at appropriate concentrations. As a byproduct, it's a common ingredient
in hand sanitizers. (Sissons, 2021)
Because of occupational exposure, ethyl alcohol has not been designated as
a carcinogen. However, there is evidence that drinking ethyl alcohol increases the
risk of cancer in humans such as liver, esophagus, breast, prostate, and colorectal.
(Underferth, 2020)
Sedation, slurred speech, impaired judgment, uncontrolled behavior,
euphoria, and reduced sensory and motor skills are all symptoms of ethanol
depressing the central nervous system. Confusion, stupor, coma, and death ensue
from continued ethanol intoxication and CNS depression. (Garg et al. 2020)
Methanol
Methanol is highly hazardous to humans when consumed or inhaled. If
eaten, absorbed via the skin, or inhaled, methanol should be avoided in direct
contact. Even little amounts can cause irreversible nervous system damage,
blindness, or death. Poisoning, systemic acidosis, optic nerve injury, and central

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nervous system damage are all possible side effects of methanol consumption.
Methanol can also degrease the skin, causing dermatitis, and has CNS (central
nervous system) effects. Headaches, weakness, tiredness, nausea, difficulty
breathing, drunkenness, eye irritation, impaired vision, loss of consciousness, and
death can all be symptoms of acute methanol exposure. (Ashurst, 2021)
Isoprophyl
Rubbing alcohol, hand sanitizers, and other cleaning solutions include
isopropyl alcohol, commonly known as isopropanol. Both IPA and ISO are
abbreviations that could be used. When your liver's ability to regulate the amount
of ISO in your body is harmed, you get ISO poisoning. (Krause, 2021)
ISO poisoning symptoms can appear immediately or take several hours to
become apparent. Stomach pain, confusion, dizziness, and slowed breathing are
common symptoms of ISO poisoning. It can cause a coma in severe cases. (Krause,
2021)
Environmental issues related to Organic Wastes
Organic wastes have long been a source of discomfort due to their excessive
disposal. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO), 1.3 billion tonnes of food is wasted each year. Any biodegradable compound
originating from a plant or animal is considered organic waste. Organic waste
includes things like green waste, food waste, non-hazardous wood waste, and so

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much more. Biodegradable waste appears to contain everything from vegetable
peelings to leftover meals and twigs, along with many other things. (FAO, 2011)
A World Wildlife Fund–Philippines study estimates that 2,175 tons of food
leftovers are tossed away every day in Metro Manila alone. When the lowest of the
poor are scrounging for recoverable food scraps in garbage cans, this rate of waste
is criminal. Food waste and loss increase the climate change dilemma due to their
substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) impact. (Nograles, 2021)
The link between organic waste and climate change, as well as the link
between climate change and agriculture and supply chain resiliency, is becoming
increasingly commonly acknowledged. We are seeing how extreme weather events
are having a greater influence on agriculture and supply chain resilience. (Godde
et al. 2021)
Problems Regarding Organic Peelings
Fruit and vegetable peels are dumped as agricultural waste rather than being
exploited as a source of antimicrobial compounds. The presence of key components
that can be exploited for pharmacological or medicinal purposes has been
discovered in several peel investigations. Various peels were used to extract
antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory components. This chance will
provide a cost-effective and ecologically beneficial way to handle challenges in the
area of antibiotic application, minimizing pollution from agro waste disposal.
(Saleem, 2020)
Disadvantages of Composting

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Composting is a method of preserving organic waste. There are, however,
some disadvantages. Composting takes a lot of work, such shifting the compost at
least once a week to ensure optimum air circulation. Furthermore, depending on
the amount of compost, a significant amount of particular physical labour can
accumulate over time. (Idris, 2021)
Composting's impacts do not appear overnight. Persistence is required when
working out. It won't be of any use until the food waste has decomposed into
compost. Depending on the type of input materials utilized, the composting process
can take anywhere from a month to a year before the organic matter has entirely
decomposed and is ready to be used as a soil conditioner or fertilizer. Inshort, it is
not worth the time and effort. (WS, 2022)
Review of Related Studies
The Use of Orange (Citrus Sinensis) peel as antimicrobial and antioxidant

agents, Detection of antimicrobial activity of banana peel (Musa paradisiaca
L.) on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans: An in vitro study
Banana peel has been shown to have antibacterial activity against
microorganisms. Unfortunately, it has not been thoroughly researched, and no
studies have been conducted to back up this claim. The primary goal of the
research is to determine whether the use of banana peel will be an effective
antibacterial agent against periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.
gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans)
(A. actinomycetemcomitans).

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In line with the study of Kapadia, Pudakalkatti, Shivanaikar (2015), “The Use
of Orange (Citrus Sinensis) peel as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, Detection
of antimicrobial activity of banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L.) on Porphyromonas
gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: An in vitro study”, they
developed a reliable study with the conclusion:
The banana peel has antibacterial activity against the periodontal pathogens,
P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Antimicrobial Properties of Orange (Citrus reticulata var. Kinnow) Peel

Extracts against Pathogenic Bacteria, P. Yashaswini and Arvind
This study was made to determine the phenolic content and antibacterial
capacity of orange (Citrus reticulata var. Kinnow) peel extracts against
pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The extracts were tested for antibacterial
activity against gram negative and gram positive pathogenic bacterial strains. The
result of the study showed that the extracts are indeed effective against
pathogenic bacterial strains.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of byproduct extracts of mango fruit
V. Vega-Vega1, B.A. Silva-Espinoza1, M.R. Cruz-Valenzuela, et al.
Fruit processing byproducts may contain higher levels of phenolic
compounds, which can act as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. The primary
goal of this study was to obtain extracts from the peel, seed, and unused flesh of
the mango varieties Haden, Ataulfo, and Tommy Atkins in order to measure their
antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Extraction methods used included

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methanolic polar, methanolic-non-polar, ethanolic-polar, ethanolic-non-polar, and
water infusion. The present study demonstrates a significantly higher total
antioxidant capacity, phenolic content and antimicrobial activity of mango
byproducts than of the edible portions. This study opens the possibilities of the
potential applications of the obtained extracts as antioxidants and antimicrobial
agents.
(8) METHODOLOGY
Materials
The materials needed to accomplish this research study are:
Banana peels (1 kilogram) / 15 pieces of Banana, Orange peels (1 kilogram) / 29
pieces of Orange, Mango peels (1 kilogram) / 31 pieces of Mango, plate, 3 bowls,
4.2 Liters boiling hot water, 7 packs of gelatin powder, spoon or anything to mix,
refrigerator, and an empty container.
Methods
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST)
Preparation of the test organism or inoculum
The organic hand sanitizers would be ready for testing. A loopful of
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus
niger, will be inoculated in a test tube with 5 mL nutrient broth/mueller-hinton
broth. Following that, it must be incubated for 18-24 hours at 35 degrees Celsius.

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The researcher will look for turbidity in the culture broth, which indicates microbial
growth.
Preparation of agar medium
Using the dehydrated medium, prepare MHA/NA as directed by the
manufacturer. Distilled or deionized water should be used to prepare the media.
Bring to a boil, stirring constantly, until the medium is completely dissolved. To
sterilize, autoclave for 15 minutes at 121 degrees Celsius. In a water bath, cool
the agar medium to 40-50°C. In a sterile glass or disposable plastic petri dish,
place 12-15ml of agar on a level surface. Allow for time to harden.
Paper Disc Diffusion Method
Dip a sterile cotton swab into the bacterial suspension that has been
standardized. By lightly pressing the swab against the tube wall at a level above
the liquid, excess inoculum can be removed. Inoculate the agar by streaking it
with the inoculum-containing swab. To guarantee a uniform spread of the
inoculum, use the quadrant streak approach. Allow 2-4 minutes for the medium's
surface to dry to allow excess moisture to absorb. Select one paper disc with
forceps and submerge it in the plant extract for test. To ensure complete contact
between the disk and the agar surface, lightly press it down with the instrument
right away. Once a disk has made contact with the agar surface, it should not be
moved. Place the disks so that the minimum center-to-center distance is 24mm
and they are no closer than 10 to 15mm from the petri dish's edge. A 9cm petri
dish can hold a maximum of six disks. Invert the plates and incubate them.

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Fruit Peeling Weight
1 average sized banana (7″ to 8″ Long) 66.02 grams
1 average sized orange (2.5 inches in
diameter) 35 grams
1 average sized mango (160 mm n
length, 50-130 mm in width) 32.2 grams
Preparation of the Organic Sanitizer
In making the organic hand sanitizer, the general procedure will be followed:
1. Gathering of fruit peels
The peels will be obtained from a local fruit dealer around the area whom
the researcher knows. The peelings will be washed and dried.
2. Drying of fruit peels.
The peelings should be air dried for at least one to two weeks. Another option
is to dry them in a jar with a tight-fitting lid and store them in a dark corner.
3. Powder the fruit peels.
Use a coffee grinder or blender. If there is not any, you could do it
manually by pounding the peels in a bowl until they turn into powder.
A. Banana peelings as an organic hand sanitizer
1. Pour 600 mL boiling hot water over the 143 grams/11 tablespoons of
the powdered banana peel.
In a separate bowl, dissolve the powdered fruit peel in boiling hot water.
2. Mix all the ingredients.

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Mix the gelatin powder with the powdered peel and hot water until they are
completely dissolved. Use a spoon to mix.
3. Put it in a container.
Put the mixture in a pocket-sized container. If possible, place the finished
product in an old container of hand sanitizer.
4. Refrigerate.
After having the final mixture, refrigerate it for a day.
5. Take it out.
Take the product out of the refrigerator and it is ready for use!
B. Mango peelings as an organic hand sanitizer
3. Refrigerate.
4. Take it out.

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C. Orange peelings as an organic hand sanitizer
3. Refrigerate.
4. Take it out.
D. Combination of Orange peels and Mango peels as an organic hand sanitizer
1. Pour 600 mL boiling hot water over the combined powdered peels
(127.57 g / 3 tablespoons per peel powder.)
In a separate bowl, dissolve the powdered fruit peels in boiling hot water.
Mix the gelatin powder with the powdered peels and hot water until they are

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4. Refrigerate.
5. Take it out.
E. Combination of Orange peels and Banana peel as an organic hand sanitizer
3. Refrigerate.
4. Take it out.
F. Combination of Banana peels and Mango peel as an organic hand sanitizer

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3. Refrigerate.
4. Take it out.
G. Combination of Banana peels, Orange peels, and Mango peel as an organic
hand sanitizer
1. Mix the powdered peels. (127.57 g / 3 tablespoons per peel powder.)
In a bowl, mix the powdered Mango, Banana, and Orange peels together.
2. Pour 600 mL boiling hot water over the combined powdered peels.

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5. Refrigerate.
6. Take it out.
Research Environment
The research will be conducted at Saint Mary's University School of Health
and Natural Sciences, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya. The testing will be carried out
by collaborating with the school and acquiring antimicrobial testing on the
laboratory services that they offer. All assay methods are carried out in a clean
environment, ideally inside a laminar flow hood or an improvised inoculating
chamber, next to a lighted alcohol lamp. In the absence of an inoculating chamber,
the test will be carried out in a secluded, draft-free place.
Sample and Sampling Procedure
To ensure health safety, we will purchase the fruit peels from a vendor we
know personally. It will be kept in a separate plastic bag to ensure quality and
avoid contamination. The banana peels, orange peels, and mango peels should all
be 1 kilogram in weight. The samples will be air dried to ensure that the peelings
don’t lose their nutritional value. It will then be turned into a hand sanitizer and
examined through the paper disc diffusion method.

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Experimental Setup 1
T2 T3
T4 T5
T1
Orange Peel Extract Orange and Banana Orange, Banana and

Peel Extract Mango Peel Extract
Banana Peel Extract Orange and Mango Commercial Sanitizer

Peel Extract (Positive Control)
Mango Peel Extract
Banana and Mango Water
Peel Extract (Negative Control)
Experimental Design Table 1
I. The Antimicrobial Activity of Wastes Extracts to Staphylococcus aureus,

Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger
Independent Variable: Varied Combinations of Organic Wastes Extracts
Dependent Variable: Zone of Inhibition
Zone of Inhibition (mm) / Average Zone of

Treatments Inhibition (mm)
Concentrations T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Orange Peel

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Banana Peel

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Mango Peel
Orange and Banana Peels
Orange and Mango Peels
Banana and Mango Peels
Orange, Banana and

Mango Peels
Positive Control
(Commercial Hand
Sanitizer)
Negative Control (Water)

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Experimental Design Table 2
1. The Perception of the Respondents as to the Different Properties of

the Organic Hand Sanitizer
Independent Variable: Applied Organic Hand Sanitizer
Dependent Variable: Texture, Scent, Acceptability
Respondent 1, Respondent 2… Respondent n…
Sanitizer Poor Fair Good Excellent Mean

with
Different (1) (2) (3) (4)
Peel
Extracts
Orange
Banana
Mango
Orange
and
Banana
Orange
and Mango
Banana
and Mango
Orange,
Banana
and Mango
Peels

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Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
a. Preparation of the hand
a. Organic
sanitizers
antimicrobial hand b. Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Testing
sanitizers from (AST) Level of
c. Testing of the hand antimicrobial
orange, mango and sanitizers on the test activity of the
banana peeling subject organic hand
d. Collection of data based sanitizers.
extracts with on the experimentation
e. Statistical analysis and
different interpretation
combinations.
Figure I. Above is the conceptual framework in terms of the antimicrobial activity of the organic
hand sanitizer.
Data Gathering Instruments
The Research product will undergo an assay method: disc paper diffusion
method. Preparation of the test organism or inoculum preparation of agar
medium is required prior to conducting the investigation. A loopful of
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus
niger, would be used to test the efficacy of the organic hand sanitizer.
Data Gathering Procedure
The data will be collected by performing an antimicrobial susceptibility test.
The disk diffusion method will be conducted since it is the most commonly used
laboratory technique for antimicrobial susceptibility testing as it is simple, requires
little time, and is easy to perform. The procedure will be done to determine
microbial susceptibility to antibiotics, in which filter paper disks containing known

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concentrations of antibiotics are placed on an agar surface previously inoculated
with the bacteria/fungi of interest.
To collect the data, the researcher must look for a "halo" or "clearing" around
each well, which is referred to as the ZONE OF INHIBITION. Invert the plates and
measure the diameter of each inhibition zone in millimeters using a ruler or vernier
caliper. And then express the results in millimeters of inhibition zone diameter.
The researcher must also keep track of the agar well or paper disc size. The results
will then be compared to the standard chemical hand sanitizers. Antimicrobial
susceptibility analysis has a spectrum; 10mm is inactive, 10-13mm is partially
active, 14-19mm is active, and >19mm is very active.
The appearance, scent, and texture of the organic antimicrobial hand
sanitizer will be compared to that of commonly found hand sanitizers on the
market. Conducting a survey is necessary in order to obtain accurate qualitative
data.
Data Analysis Procedure
After the outcome has been recorded, the findings will be organized. The
results will then be sorted into 4 categories based on the antimicrobial
susceptibility analysis spectrum: not effective, slightly effective, moderately
effective, and very effective. In terms of the product’s appearance, texture, and
scent, the results will be sorted into 4 categories: poor as the least, fair, good, and
excellent as the best.

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Aside from the following procedures to be undertaken, the statistical tools
below will also be necessary in the analysis and interpretation of data:
1. MEAN and STANDARD DEVIATION. This will be used to describe the effectivity
of the peeling extracts through the measured zone of inhibitions. Also, it will be
used to describe the mean scores of the respondents as to the appearance,
texture, and scent of the organic hand sanitizer as against the commercial hand
sanitizer. The following specifications will be used in describing the zone of
inhibition:
Zone of Inhibition (mm) Description

<10mm Inactive
10-13 mm Partially Active
14-19 mm Active
>19 mm Very Active
Source: A guidebook to plant screening: Phytochemical and Biological by Guevarra, Beatrice Q.
2. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA). This will be used to identify the
significant difference between the effectiveness of the different
concentrations as against the growth of the bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger).
3. INDEPENDENT T-TEST. This will be used to identify the significant difference
between the appearance, texture and scent as against the commercial hand
sanitizer.
(9) EXPECTED OUTPUT AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS
Expected Output and Potential Impact

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The organic hand sanitizer will most likely be a gel-like liquid formula with
a watery texture when applied to the skin. Since the fruit peels are orange, mango,
and banana, the product's appearance is expected to be a combination of yellow
and orange. For this production, the material would be stored in a pocket-sized
container, preferably a container with the same size as commonly encountered
hand sanitizers. Its primary target market are citizens who regularly interact with
a large number of people, particularly those who work in the medical field. Their
health would be better protected, and their use would be less dangerous. The
product would have a significant social and economic impact. For the time being,
unemployed individuals may create their own organic hand sanitizer and sell it to
supplement their income. This research proposal could help our community
address and resolve environmental issues related to organic peelings, which are
frequently overlooked and end up in landfills. Furthermore, this study has the
potential to address the global issue regarding the harmful effects of chemical hand
sanitizers. We should consume the right product, instead of utilizing alcohol-based
hand sanitizers, which when evaporated are known to be harmful and detrimental
to the environment. This proposal could protect human health, especially children,
who are naturally playful and curious. Furthermore, this investigation could help
raise awareness in many parts of the Philippines, educating people about the
study's extent. Advocates may grow in number and gradually apply what they've
learned to their community. This research proposal has the potential to save lives
and greatly improve the condition of our country, both in the environmental and
health sector.
Specifically, this Research study will benefit the following sectors:

Page 31 of 36
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Community. This innovation can be created by people with the primary
goal of combating and removing bacteria. Furthermore, since the materials can be
accessed easily, the manufacturing process is simplified. People will save a lot of
money considering the fact that they can make it themselves at home.
Environment. Organic wastes that have been dispersed in our
surroundings will be reduced, making the environment greener and cleaner.
Vendors. Vendors, especially fruits and vegetables vendors, can make
hand sanitizers from the remaining organic items that aren't sold. They come in
contact with people on a daily basis, increasing their chances of contracting the
disease. Thus, sanitizing would be an effective technique to remove the virus
throughout the day.
Farmers. Farmers can turn the organic wastes that they can no longer use
into a hand sanitizer and sell the product, preventing the wastes from just ending
up in landfills.
Individuals. This product has the potential to benefit everyone since it
ensures human health safety. Aside from that, people have the potential to turn
this into a profitable venture.
Parents/Children. Several incidents have been reported in which people,
particularly kids, have inadvertently consumed hazardous chemicals such as
alcohol and hand sanitizers. Since the ingredients are all organic and edible, there
won’t be any negative side effects from using this product, even if it is
accidentally ingested.

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Researchers. This research study may pave the way for future related
studies on the subject, such as examining the antibacterial properties of some
organic wastes that haven’t been studied extensively.
(10) WORKPLAN AND TARGET DELIVERABLES
The workflow should be set up correctly while writing a research proposal
with the purpose of influencing others to do the same so that the process works
smoothly and everything falls into place. In addition, the cost of the materials is
an essential consideration. It's critical to consider everyone's financial capability
since the more people who can afford it, the more products we can make. The
month, date, and year in which the actions must be done will be listed in this
section. As well as the costs of items that this study proposal would confront.
Resources Expected
Objective Strategies Activities Timeline
Materials Financial Result
Make a draft Well-crafted
Searching for June 6 –
1. Craft the research of the Paper and research proposal
Relevant 0 June 12,
proposal Research Laptop
Proposal. Literature. 2022
Present the Discussion of the Revised and
2. Check the research Research parts of the approved Research
Paper and June 13,
proposal by advisers Proposal to Research 0 Proposal
Laptop 2022
and coordinators the Research Proposal with the
Adviser. Research Adviser
PowerPoint Well-defended and
presentation, presented research
3. Defend the research Reviewing the Making
LCD June 14, proposal to the
proposal to the division Research PowerPoint 0
Projector, 2022 panelists.
panelists Proposal. Presentation
Laptop, and
Paper.
4. Collect the organic Identify the Peelings and July 1 – Sufficient organic
Prepare the
wastes from the specific are Laboratory 0 July 7, wastes collected for
Market materials needed 2022
for collection. Container. extraction.
Effective crude
400 pesos
extract against the
5. Extraction Coordinate (Crude
Prepare the letter Staphylococcus
of organic with the Extraction, July 8 –
of request for the Letter aureus,
wastes, identified 600 pesos July 30,
use of the request, Escherichia coli,
Antimicrobial experimental (Antimicrobial 2022
laboratory. Saccharomyces
Susceptibility Testing laboratory. Susceptibility
cerevisiae and
(AST) Testing) Aspergillus niger.

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Effective results of
the extract to the
Applying the Staphylococcus
August 2 –
organic wastes Sanitizer 60 pesos aureus,
6. Field Testing Identify the September
extracts to the container (Spray Bottle) Escherichia coli,
30, 2022
respondents. Saccharomyces
cerevisiae and
Aspergillus niger.
Consult the Accurately written
Encode and
Research analysis and
analyze the October 1 –
7. Analyze and Adviser, Paper, and interpretation.
gathered data 0 October 24,
interpret data Mathematics Laptop
using Excel 2022
Teacher and
functions.
Statisticians.
Make Crafted sound
Communicate conclusions and conclusion and
8. Make conclusions October 25
the results recommendations Paper, and recommendations.
and recommendations 0 – October
with the based on the Laptop
31, 2022
gathered data. results of
analysis.
(11) REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
“CGIAR: Science for Humanity’s Greatest Challenges.” 2018. CGIAR. CGIAR. 2018.
https://www.cgiar.org/.
“Definition of Organic | Dictionary.com.” n.d. Www.dictionary.com. Accessed June

10, 2022.
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/organic#:%7E:text=characteristic%2
0of%2C%20pertaining%20to%2C%20or.
Enriquez. (2011). Organic Wastes - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics.
ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-
and- biological-sciences/organic-wastes
Gilbert, N. (2012, October 31). One-third of our greenhouse gas emissions come
from agriculture. Nature News. Retrieved November 23, 2021, from
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2012.11708#citeas
Government of Canada, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety.

“Hazard and Risk : OSH Answers.” www.ccohs.ca, July 23, 2020.
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/hazard_risk.html?=undef
ined&wbdisable=true.
Kapadia, SurajPremal, PushpaS Pudakalkatti, and Sachin Shivanaikar. 2015.

“Detection of Antimicrobial Activity of Banana Peel (Musa Paradisiaca L.)
on Porphyromonas Gingivalis and Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans:
An in Vitro Study.” Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 6 (4):
496.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.169864.

Page 34 of 36
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Kumar, Harsh, Kanchan Bhardwaj, Ruchi Sharma, Eugenie Nepovimova, Kamil
Kuča, Daljeet Singh Dhanjal, Rachna Verma, Prerna Bhardwaj, Somesh
Sharma, and Dinesh Kumar. 2020. “Fruit and Vegetable Peels: Utilization
of High Value Horticultural Waste in Novel Industrial
Applications.” Molecules 25 (12): 2812.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122812.
Lemmons, Richard. 2020. “Advantages and Disadvantages of Composting -

Wastewater Sludge.” Climate Policy Watcher. February 13, 2020.
https://www.climate-policy-watcher.org/wastewater-sludge/advantages-
and-disadvantages-of-composting.html
Neil. 2021. “Collective Action to Combat Food Waste.” BusinessWorld Online.

January 25, 2021. https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-
picks/2021/01/25/340899/collective-action-to-combat-food-waste/.
Office of the Commissioner. 2019. “If Soap and Water Are Not Available, Hand
Sanitizers May Be Good.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2019.
https://www.fda.gov/consumers/if-soap-and-water-are-not-available-
hand-sanitizers-may-be-good-alternative
Peña, Kurt Dela. 2021. “The Malady of Food Waste: Millions Starve as Trash Bins
Fill with Leftovers.” INQUIRER.net. October 22, 2021.
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1505252/the-malady-of-food-waste-
millions-starve-as-trash-bins-fill-with-leftovers.
Ribeiro, Ana Carolina Barbosa, Arcelina Pacheco Cunha, Larissa Morais Ribeiro da
Silva, Adriano Lincoln Albuquerque Mattos, Edy Sousa de Brito, Men de Sá
Moreira de Souza Filho, Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro de Azeredo, and
Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo. 2021. “From Mango By-Product to Food
Packaging: Pectin-Phenolic Antioxidant Films from Mango
Peels.” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 193 (December):
1138–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.131.
Rogers, Kara. “Hand Sanitizer.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia

Britannica, inc. Accessed June 9, 2022.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/hand-sanitizer
Saving Earth | Encyclopedia Britannica. “What Are Greenhouse Gases?,” March

29, 2019.
https://www.britannica.com/explore/savingearth/greenhouse gas#:
%7E:text=Greenhouse%20gas%2C%20any%20gas%20that.

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Republic of the Philippines

Names of Project Proponents: Alexis Antolin

(5) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Organic Antimicrobial Hand Sanitizer' is generally carried out to introduce a

geared toward re-engineering organic waste materials such as overlooked fruit

peelings in order to produce a cost-effective and environmentally friendly product.

Address: Narra Street, Calaocan, Santiago City

researcher to propose a solution in the form of an organic hand sanitizer. The

than the commercial sanitizers that’s typically displayed on the market.

(6.1) RATIONALE/SIGNIFICANCE (not to exceed 300 words)

problems that confronts the globe: Freshwater Pollution. According to the

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, the global food system

third (1) of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions (Gilbert, 2012).

According to the Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Department of

ended up in landfills (Dela Pena, 2021).

Address: Narra Street, Calaocan, Santiago City

generate vast amounts of peel waste, resulting in major nutritional, economic

or inappropriate usage can be harmful to your health. Recent research has

discovered that young children who swallowed alcohol-based hand sanitizer

It is therefore the main desire of the researcher to propose an organic product

particularly in targeting environmental and health safety. The researcher would

orange, banana and mangos would be an effective antimicrobial hand sanitizer.

production techniques and sustainable practices.

(6.2) SCIENTIFIC BASIS/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK/MATHEMATICAL

Antimicrobial activities have been demonstrated in all of the organic

peelings employed in this investigation. The antimicrobial activity of banana peel

Address: Narra Street, Calaocan, Santiago City

pathogenic bacteria and found that it inhibited S. aureus. aureus, E. Proteus

action against P. gingivalis and A. niger. actinomycetemcomitans (Kapadia et al.

Orange peel extract exhibits significant antimicrobial action against

Enteric pathogens. The extract was found to be beneficial against Klebsiella

their high concentrations of polyphenols, which have been shown to contain

antimicrobial properties (Mehmood et al. (2015).

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are also found in mango peel

extracts. According to a study conducted by researchers, mango byproducts have

significantly higher total antioxidant capacity, phenolic content, and antimicrobial

activity than the fruit itself (Espinoza et al. 2013).

Microbial Chemical hand Protected against

Organic hand Safe from

Address: Narra Street, Calaocan, Santiago City

Address: Narra Street, Calaocan, Santiago City

an Antimicrobial Hand Sanitizer.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

may inhibit the growth of species of microorganisms?

2. What is the mean zone of inhibition against the species of microorganisms

of the following extracts?

a. Individual Peels (Orange Peels, Banana Peels, Mango Peels)

Mango Peels, Banana peels and Mango peels)

c. Triple Combination (Orange peels, Banana peels, and Mango peels)

3. Is there a significant difference between the mean zone of inhibition against

the species of microorganisms of the following extracts?

a. Individual Peels (Orange Peels, Banana Peels, Mango Peels)

Mango Peels, Banana peels and Mango peels)

c. Triple Combination (Orange peels, Banana peels, and Mango peels)

4. What is the perception of the respondents as to the following properties of

the organic hand sanitizer?

Address: Narra Street, Calaocan, Santiago City

(7) REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature

Hand sanitizer is a cleansing agent whose primary function is to eliminate