Linux_commands_cheat_sheet

•Crucial Linux Commands for Daily Use•
-> Common commands-
whoami: displays the username of currently logged-in user.
history: list all your previously executed commands
systemctl: used to control the system and service manager.

sudo systemctl start service_name
sudo systemctl stop service_name
sudo systemctl restart service_name
sudo: permitted user to execute a command as the superuser (root)

Ex- sudo “ command “
Switch to root user

Ex- sudo -i
id: used to display user and group information for the current user or a specified username
Ex- id
id username
Install something:
For Debian based system-
Ex- sudo apt-get install package_name –y
-y so you don't have to manually type yes
For Red hat based system-

Cents os 7 and earlier fedora
Ex- sudo yum install package_name
Cents os 8 and later fedora

Ex- sudo dnf install package_name
ssh: securely connect to a remote host over a network

Ex- ssh user@remote_host
ssh -p port_number user@remote_host
ssh -i /path/to/private_key user@remote_host
echo: displays line os text or variable value

Ex- echo "Hello, World!"
variable_name="Hello!!"
echo $variable_name
clear: to clear the terminal screen

Ex- clear
useradd- to add new user

Ex- sudo useradd -m username
sudo useradd -m -d /home/username -s /bin/bash username
sudo useradd -m -c "Avatr roku" -G sudo,docker username
-d /home/username: Specify the user's home directory.
-m: Create the home directory if it does not exist.
-c "Full Name": Add a comment (typically the full name).
Set password for it

Ex- sudo passwd username
userdel: to delete a user

Ex- userdel username
exit: to terminate current shell session

Ex- exit
free –m: shows you the memory utilization
df –h: hard disk partition utilization
For help use --help

-> File and Directory Management
ls: List directory contents.

Ex- ls
ls -l
ls -l /path/to/directory
For detailed view of list

ls –lrth or ls -lrt
pwd: displays your present working directory
cd: Change directory

Ex- cd /path/to/directory
One previous dir

Ex- cd ..
Jump to second previous dir

Ex- cd ../../..
mkdir: Create a new directory.

Ex- mkdir new_directory
rmdir: Remove any directory.

Ex- rmdir my_directory
rm: Remove files or directories.

Ex- rm -rf /path/to/directory_or_file
cp: Copy files or directories.

Ex- cp source_file destination target_destination
mv: Move or rename files or directories.
Ex- mv old_name new_name
mv source_file_destination target_destination
touch: Create an empty file or update the timestamp of an existing file.

Ex- touch new_file
-> Viewing and Editing Files
cat: Concatenate and display file content.

Ex- cat file.txt
Note- you can also create single immutable file with cat command
Ex- cat > file.txt

Add your content
Ctrl+ d to exit
Add comment to existing file

Ex- cat >> file.txt
Add...
Ctrl + d to exit
Move data from one file to another

cat file1.txt > file2.txt
" more "," less ": View file content one page at a time.
Ex- less file.txt
" head " , " tail ": View the beginning or end of a file.
Ex- tail -n 10 file.txt
nano, vi, vim: Text editors.

Ex- nano file.txt
vi file.txt
vim file.txt
touch: creates empty file

Ex- touch file.txt
(File extension can be of your interest)
Can create multiple file as well

Ex- touch file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt
-> File Permissions and Ownership
Types of Permissions-
Read (r): Permission to read the contents of the file.
Write (w): Permission to modify the file.

Execute (x): Permission to execute the file as a program/script.
Permission Levels
Owner: The user who owns the file.
Group: The group that owns the file.
Others: All other users.
Permissions are displayed as a string of 10 characters. The first character indicates the file type
(e.g., - for a regular file, d for a directory), and the next nine characters represent the permissions
for the owner, group, and others in sets of three.
Ex: -rwxr-xr--
' - ': Regular file.

' rwx ': Owner has read, write, and execute permissions.
' r-x ': Group has read and execute permissions.
' r-- ': Others have read permission.
Permissions are represented by octal numbers:
r=4
w=2
x=1
Combine these values to set permissions. For example:
7 (4+2+1) = rwx
6 (4+2) = rw-
5 (4+1) = r-x
Example: Set read, write, and execute permissions for the owner, and read and execute for group
and others on file.txt:
chmod 755 file.txt
chmod: Change file permissions.

Ex- chmod 755 file.txt
chown: Change file owner and group.

Ex- chown user:group file.txt
chgrp: Change group ownership.

Ex- chgrp group file.txt
Grant execute permission to the owner of file.txt:
chmod u+x file.txt
-> Process Management
ps: Display current processes.

Ex- ps aux
ps -ef
Search for a Process with Specific Options.

To search for processes containing java and display only those processes:
ps -ef | grep java
top, htop: Real-time system monitoring.

Ex- htop
kill, pkill: Terminate processes.

Ex- kill -9 PID
nohup: Run a command immune to hangups.

Ex- nohup command &
-> Networking
ifconfig, ip: Configure network interfaces.

Ex- ip a
ping: Check network connectivity.

Ex- ping google.com
netstat, ss: Network statistics.

Ex- ss -tuln
scp: Secure copy files between hosts.

Ex- scp local_file user@remote_host:/path/to/destination
ssh: Securely connect to remote hosts.

Ex- ssh user@remote_host
Intermediate Commands
-> Archiving and Compression
tar: Archive files.

Ex- tar -cvf archive.tar /path/to/directory
tar -xvf archive.tar
gzip, gunzip: Compress and decompress files.

Ex- gzip file.txt
gunzip file.txt.gz
zip, unzip: Compress and decompress ZIP files.

Ex- zip archive.zip file.txt
unzip archive.zip
-> File Searching and Text Processing

find: Search for files in a directory hierarchy.
Ex- find /path/to/search -name "*.txt"
grep: Search text using patterns.

Ex- grep "pattern" file.txt
Use Grep with Pipe
Use grep with the output of another command
ps aux | grep "process_name
awk: Pattern scanning and processing language.

Ex- awk '{print $1}' file.txt
sed: Stream editor for filtering and transforming text.

Ex- sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt
-> System Monitoring and Performance
df: Report filesystem disk space usage.

Ex- df -h
du: Estimate file space usage.

Ex- du -sh /path/to/directory
vmstat: Report virtual memory statistics.

Ex- vmstat 5
iostat: Report CPU and I/O statistics.

Ex- iostat -x 5

Linux_commands_cheat_sheet

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Linux_commands_cheat_sheet

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•Crucial Linux Commands for Daily Use•

-> Common commands-

whoami: displays the username of currently logged-in user.

history: list all your previously executed commands

systemctl: used to control the system and service manager.

sudo: permitted user to execute a command as the superuser (root)

Switch to root user

For Red hat based system-

Cents os 8 and later fedora

ssh: securely connect to a remote host over a network

echo: displays line os text or variable value

clear: to clear the terminal screen

useradd- to add new user

Set password for it

userdel: to delete a user

exit: to terminate current shell session

free –m: shows you the memory utilization

df –h: hard disk partition utilization

For help use --help

ls: List directory contents.

For detailed view of list

pwd: displays your present working directory

cd: Change directory

One previous dir

Jump to second previous dir

mkdir: Create a new directory.

rmdir: Remove any directory.

rm: Remove files or directories.

cp: Copy files or directories.

touch: Create an empty file or update the timestamp of an existing file.

-> Viewing and Editing Files

cat: Concatenate and display file content.

Ex- cat > file.txt

Add comment to existing file

Move data from one file to another

nano, vi, vim: Text editors.

touch: creates empty file

Can create multiple file as well

-> File Permissions and Ownership

Read (r): Permission to read the contents of the file.

Write (w): Permission to modify the file.

' - ': Regular file.

Permissions are represented by octal numbers:

Combine these values to set permissions. For example:

chmod 755 file.txt

chmod: Change file permissions.

chown: Change file owner and group.

chgrp: Change group ownership.

Grant execute permission to the owner of file.txt:

chmod u+x file.txt

-> Process Management

ps: Display current processes.

Search for a Process with Specific Options.

ps -ef | grep java

top, htop: Real-time system monitoring.

kill, pkill: Terminate processes.

nohup: Run a command immune to hangups.

ifconfig, ip: Configure network interfaces.

ping: Check network connectivity.

netstat, ss: Network statistics.

scp: Secure copy files between hosts.

ssh: Securely connect to remote hosts.

-> Archiving and Compression

tar: Archive files.

gzip, gunzip: Compress and decompress files.

zip, unzip: Compress and decompress ZIP files.

-> File Searching and Text Processing

grep: Search text using patterns.

Use Grep with Pipe

Use grep with the output of another command

ps aux | grep "process_name

awk: Pattern scanning and processing language.

sed: Stream editor for filtering and transforming text.

-> System Monitoring and Performance

df: Report filesystem disk space usage.

du: Estimate file space usage.