Macro Perspective in Tourism and Hospitality Outline

I. The Meaning and Importance of Tourism

This unit introduces fundamental tourism concepts, establishing the basic framework
for understanding the industry. It explores how tourism is defined, differentiates
between travelers and tourists, and examines the complex components that make up
tourism products and destinations. Key focus is on understanding tourism's unique
characteristics and its significant impact on economies, societies, and cultures.

Topics Covered:

 Definition of Tourism
 Meaning of Tourist
 Elements of Travel
 The Nature of a Tour
 The Tourist Product
 The Tourist Destination
 Tourist Services
 Characteristics of Tourism
 Importance of Tourism
Suggested Readings: 21 Reasons Why Tourism is Important
Tourism Teacher. (2023). 21 reasons why tourism is important - The importance of tourism.
Retrieved from https://tourismteacher.com/importance-of-tourism/
II. The History of Tourism

This section traces tourism's evolution from ancient civilizations through modern
times. It highlights how tourism transformed from religious pilgrimages and trade
journeys to leisure activities, especially during the Industrial Revolution. Particular
attention is given to the Philippines' tourism development and how various factors
(technological, social, economic) have contributed to tourism's global growth.

Topics Covered:

 Early Tourism
 Tourism in the Medieval Period
 Tourism During the Renaissance and Elizabethan Eras
 Tourism During the Industrial Revolution
 Modern Tourism
  Origin of Tourism in the Philippines
 International Travel Patterns
 Factor that Favor the Growth of Tourism

III. The Psychology of Travel

This unit delves into the psychological aspects driving travel behavior. It uses
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as a framework to understand travel motivations and
examines how people learn and make travel decisions. The unit explores different
traveler typologies based on personality traits and travel purposes, while also
addressing factors that might prevent or limit travel.

Topics Covered:

 The Psychology of Travel

 Maslow’s Theory of Motivation and Travel Motivations
 Tourist Motivations
 The Learning Process of a Tourist
 Effect of Consistency and Complexity on Leisure Travel
 Classifications of Travelers Based on Personality
 Classifications of Travelers Based on Purpose of Travel
 Travel Constraints
Suggested Readings: Understanding Travel Psychology
Wolfe Murray, R. (2021). The psychology of travel: Preparing mentally for independent travel.
Retrieved from https://wolfemurray.com/psychology-of-travel/
IV. The Economics of Tourism

The final unit examines tourism's economic and social dimensions. It explores how
tourism contributes to economic development while considering its broader social
impacts. The unit analyzes how socio-economic factors influence travel patterns and
preferences, introducing concepts like social tourism and different tourist roles in
destination communities.

Topics Covered:

 The Role of Tourism in Economic Development

 The Social Effects of Tourism
 Socio-economic Variables and their Effect on Travel
 The Rise of New Travel Patterns
  Preferences of the International Tourist
 Types of Tourist Roles
 Social Tourism
Suggested readings:
Left behind ASEAN
Chanco, B. (2024). Left behind ASEAN.
https://www.philstar.com/business/2024/10/23/2394489/left-behind-asean
The Economic Impact of Tourism
https://mize.tech/blog/the-economic-impact-of-tourism-what-you-need-to-know/
Tourism and COVID-19 – unprecedented economic impacts.
https://www.unwto.org/tourism-and-covid-19-unprecedented-economic-impacts
V. The Sociology of Tourism

This unit examines tourism as a social phenomenon, exploring how travel patterns
and behaviors are influenced by societal factors. It analyzes tourism's social impacts
on both tourists and host communities, while exploring how socioeconomic variables
shape travel decisions. The unit also covers emerging travel trends and the concept of
social tourism, which focuses on making travel accessible to all social groups.

Topics Covered:

 The Social Nature of Travel

 The Social Effects of Tourism
 Socio-economic Variables and Their Effect on Travel
 The Rise of New Travel Patterns
 Preferences of the International Tourist
 Types of Tourist Roles
 Social Tourism

VI. Tourism and Culture

This section focuses on the intersection between tourism and cultural heritage. It
examines how cultural differences influence travel behavior and preferences, while
highlighting the growing importance of cultural tourism. The unit explores various
cultural attractions and assets that appeal to tourists, emphasizing the role of cultural
preservation and authenticity in tourism experiences.
 Topics Covered:

 Effects of Culture on Travel

 The Importance of Cultural Tourism
 Cultural Factors with Tourist Appeal

VII. The Tourism Network and Supply Components

This unit provides a comprehensive overview of tourism infrastructure and resources.

It breaks down the essential components of the tourism industry, from natural
attractions to built infrastructure, and examines the importance of hospitality
resources and training. Special attention is given to transportation systems and
tourism superstructure that support the industry.

Topics Covered:

 Tourism Components
 Tourism Supply Components
 Natural Resources
 Infrastructure
 Hospitality Resources
 Hospitality Training
 Transportation
 Superstructure

VIII. Employment Opportunities in Tourism

This section explores various career paths within the tourism industry. It details job
opportunities across different sectors, including airlines, travel agencies,
accommodation, cruise lines, and ground transportation. The unit provides insights
into the skills and qualifications needed for various tourism-related careers.

Topics Covered:

 Airlines
 Travel Agencies
 Hotels and Motels
 Cruise Lines
 Motorcoaches
 Car Rental Companies
IX. Future World Tourism Issues

The final unit addresses contemporary challenges and future trends in tourism. It
covers critical issues like safety and security, economic impacts, sustainability, and
strategic planning. The unit also explores modern influences like e-commerce,
emerging markets, and external factors such as health crises, natural disasters, and
climate change that impact tourism development. Emphasis is placed on the
importance of quality experiences, strategic partnerships, and adaptive management
in addressing these challenges.

Topics Covered:

 Safety and Security in Tourism

 The Impact of the World’s Economy on Tourism
 Managing Sustainable Tourism in a Responsible Manner
 Tourism Policy and Strategic Planning
 Using E-commerce Tools in Tourism
 Tourism Education and Training
 Emerging Tourism Markets
 Quality Tourism Products and Experiences
 Partnerships and Strategic Alliances in Tourism
 The Impacts of Health on Tourism
 Effects of Natural Disasters on Tourism
 Climate Change and Tourism

Textbook:
Cruz, Z. L. (2013). Principles of tourism. Rex Book Store.
References:
1. Apigo, D. J. D. (2024). Philippine Culture and Tourism Geography: An Instructional Module.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines.
2. Aquino, R., & Porter, B. (2022). Tourism in the Philippines: Communities, Hosts and Guests.
Springer.
3. Dela Santa, E., & Saporsantos, J. (2016). Philippine Tourism Act of 2009: Tourism policy
formulation analysis from Multiple Streams. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and
Events, 8(1), 53-70.
4. Javier, A., & Ferido, M. (2010). Can Tourism be Pro Poor? The Tourism Act of 2009 and the
Local Government of the Philippines. [Naga University]. [invalid URL removed]
5. Pilapil-Añasco, C., & Lizada, J. C. (2014). Philippine tourism: Evolution towards sustainability.
In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 12, p. 01032). EDP Sciences.
6. Solis, S. L. (2013). Preparing future industry leaders: A framework for Philippine tourism education.
International Journal of Business Tourism and Applied Sciences, 1(1).
7. Yu, A. (2017). Viaje: How tourism developed in the Philippines. Tulay: The Filipino Bridge.
8. Calderon, J. (2013, May 06). Unearthed gem [Inside Investor]. http://investvine.com/unearthed-
 gem-of-minda/
9. De Vera, A. (2019, May 02). Tourism an economic growth driver in ASEAN – DOT [Philippine News
Agency].
10. Gatdula, D. (2013, August 05). Tourism project seen to benefit poor inked today [The Philippine
Star]. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/08/05/1053551/tourism-project-seen-benefit-poor-
inked-today
11. Oplas, B. Jr. (2018, June 03). Tourism, casinos, and Boracay [BusinessWorld].
https://www.bworldonline.com/tourism-casinos-and-boracay/
12. Ordinario, C. (2018, June 07). PSA data: Tourism generated about 100,000 jobs last year
[BusinessMirror]. https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/06/07/psa-data-tourism-generated-about-
100000-jobs-last-year/
13. Philippines records 'all-time high' 7.1M tourist arrivals in 2018 (2019, January 24). ABS-
CBN News. [invalid
14. Salikha, A. (2019, March 15). RANKED: International Tourist Arrivals In Southeast Asia Countries
2018[Southeast Asia]. https://seasia.co/2019/03/15/international-tourist-arrivals-in-southeast-asia-
countries-2018
15. Sicat, G. (2019, January 09). Tourism as a driver of growth and employment [The Philippine Star].
https://www.philstar.com/business/2019/01/09/1883377/tourism-driver-growth-and-employment
16. Zozobrado, B. (2019, February 19). Educational Tourism [Manila Standard].

PRESENTATION GUIDELINES:
  Chapter I-III will be presented by the lecturer
 Chapter IV-IX Group presentation
 Presentation will commence on November 11, 2024
1. Time Allocation:
 Maximum of 1 hour and 15 minutes per chapter presentation
 Penalty: -2 points for every 5 minutes extension
 Suggested time breakdown:
o Introduction: 10 minutes

o Body: 55 minutes

o Conclusion: 10 minutes

2. Literature Requirements:
 2 relevant literature/studies for the main chapter
 May include 1 (one) relevant literature/study for each subtopic
 Must be recent (within the last 5 years if possible)
 Must be from credible sources (academic journals, books, or official reports)
3. Presentation Format:
 Must use PowerPoint or Canva
 Maximum 7 lines per slide
 Include relevant images/graphics
 Font size: Headings (32-36), Body text (24-28)
 Required sections:
o Title slide

o Introduction

o Main content

o Conclusion

o References

4. Presenter Requirements:
  Must wear name tags
 Professional attire
 All members must participate
 Clear speaking voice and professional demeanor
PRESENTATION RUBRIC (100 points total):
1. Content (40 points)
 Comprehensiveness of topic coverage (15)
 Quality of literature/studies presented (10)
 Accuracy of information (10)
 Organization and flow (5)
2. Visual Presentation (20 points)
 Slide design and aesthetics (5)
 Proper use of images/graphics (5)
 Adherence to 7-line rule (5)
 Overall visual appeal (5)
3. Delivery (25 points)
 Time management (10)
 Speaking skills and confidence (5)
 Group coordination (5)
 Handling of Q&A (5)
4. Supporting Materials (15 points)
 Quality of references (5)
 Handouts/supplementary materials (5)
 Proper citations (5)
DEDUCTIONS:
 Late submission: -5 points
 Time extension: -2 points per 5 minutes
 Missing name tags: -2 points per person
 Exceeding 7 lines per slide: -1 point per violation