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    Highway drainage- drains and inlets_18f1611e53182bc38452e2150e717d65

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    imani
    The document outlines the principles of highway drainage, including the importance of transverse and longitudinal slopes, and the design of gutters and inlets based on various recurrence intervals for rainfall intensity. It discusses common issues with gutter and inlet design, as well as the factors affecting inlet capacity and spacing calculations. The objective of the drainage system is to ensure safe and efficient runoff management for traffic and pedestrians at a reasonable cost.

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    Highway drainage- drains and inlets_18f1611e53182bc38452e2150e717d65

    Uploaded by

    imani
    1 views33 pages
    The document outlines the principles of highway drainage, including the importance of transverse and longitudinal slopes, and the design of gutters and inlets based on various recurrence intervals for rainfall intensity. It discusses common issues with gutter and inlet design, as well as the factors affecting inlet capacity and spacing calculations. The objective of the drainage system is to ensure safe and efficient runoff management for traffic and pedestrians at a reasonable cost.

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    The document outlines the principles of highway drainage, including the importance of transverse and longitudinal slopes, and the design of gutters and inlets based on various recurrence intervals for rainfall intensity. It discusses common issues with gutter and inlet design, as well as the factors affecting inlet capacity and spacing calculations. The objective of the drainage system is to ensure safe and efficient runoff management for traffic and pedestrians at a reasonable cost.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views33 pages

    Highway drainage- drains and inlets_18f1611e53182bc38452e2150e717d65

    Uploaded by

    imani
    The document outlines the principles of highway drainage, including the importance of transverse and longitudinal slopes, and the design of gutters and inlets based on various recurrence intervals for rainfall intensity. It discusses common issues with gutter and inlet design, as well as the factors affecting inlet capacity and spacing calculations. The objective of the drainage system is to ensure safe and efficient runoff management for traffic and pedestrians at a reasonable cost.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Highway drainage

    Transverse slope

    2
    Longitudinal slope

    3
    Longitudinal channel

    4
    Spread

    spread
    Spread and recurrence interval
    Finding the rainfall intensity
    Gutters and inlets
    Drainage in Intersection and
    on Approaches
    Design Event Recurrence Interval
    • 2-year interval -- Design of intakes and
    spread of water on pavement for primary
    highways and city streets

    • 10-year interval -- Design of intakes and


    spread of water on pavement for freeways
    and interstate highways

    • 50 - year -- Design of subways


    (underpasses) and sag vertical curves
    where storm sewer pipe is the only outlet

    • 100 – year interval -- Major storm check on


    all projects 11
    Watershed Area
    • Topographic maps
    • Aerial photos
    • Digital elevation models
    • Drainage maps
    • Field reviews

    12
    Cub and gutter
    Inlets
    Placement of inlets
    Centre drains

    Where would
    these be
    needed?
    Some common problems
    In many cases gutters are poorly
    formed or absent,
    ➔Inlets are too widely spaced,
    ➔The design of inlets is inadequate to capture
    gutter flow
    ➔Inlet area is too small to be effective,
    ➔The head available to force gutter flow into
    the inlet is too small, and
    ➔When used on grades, gutter flow simply
    bypasses the inlet altogether.
    Typical curb and gutter
    dimensions in mm

    40
    40
    150
    150 150

    40 450
    150
    Standard kerb and gutter
    Rollover kerb and gutter
    Uniform gutter section
    T
    T

    SSx
    x
    Uniform gutter section
    Izzard (1946) used Manning’s equation

    Kc 5 / 3 1 / 2 8 / 3
    Q= Sx SL T
    n
    Q = gutter flow rate in m3/s
    Kc = Empirical constant equal to 0.376
    n = Manning’s roughness coefficient
    Sx =gutter cross slope (m/m)
    SL = longitudinal slope (m/m)
    T = spread of water
    Composite gutter section
    T T

    Ts
    W
    W
    Ts
    QQs s

    Q
    Qw
    w
    Sx
    Sx
    a
    a SS w
    w
    Composite gutter section

    The total flow Q is given by


    Q = Qw + Qs
    Design of composite gutter
    • Brown et al (1996) developed a
    relationship for composite cross section
    Sw
    [
    Eo = 1 +
    ( )
    Sx
    ( Sw / Sx ) 8/3
    ]
    {
    1+
    T /W −1
    } −1
    Recall: Objective of a drainage
    system
    • To collect runoff and discharge
    in a manner that provides
    reasonable safety for traffic and
    pedestrians at a reasonable cost.

    Spread risks of traffic accidents


    (T)
    delays /nuisance
    hazard to pedestrian traffic
    The location of inlet pits
    •Safe flow limits in road gutters.
    •Hydraulic efficiency;
    •Vehicle, bicycle and pedestrian safety;
    •Debris collection potential,
    •Maintenance problems.
    •Property access
    •Arbitrary spacing of inlets should be avoided
    Typical
    location
    of inlets
    Common
    placement
    of inlets
    Factors Governing Inlet Capacity

    • The size and geometry of the intake


    opening,
    • The velocity and depth of flow and the
    gutter cross slope just upstream from the
    intake,
    • The amount of depression of the intake
    Opening below the flow line of the
    waterway.
    Steps in spacing computation
    • Locate necessary inlets
    • Start from the high point on the road
    • Select a trial drainage area (obtain Q)
    • Determine the spread T
    • Select an inlet type
    • Calculate the by-pass flow
    • Go to next inlet
    Nomigraph

    Sometimes
    nomigraphs
    are available
    to give quick
    estimates of
    inlet spacing
    Nomigraph

    • The following
    nomigraph is
    provided as a quick
    reference for the
    majority of
    applications where
    ST = 0.02 and n =
    .015. Locate
    intersection of
    spread and ST lines,
    then drop straight
    down to find drain
    length required

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