Python programming lab(4th sem bca)

Part-A
1. Check if a number belongs to the Fibonacci Sequence
2. Solve Quadratic Equations
3. Find the sum of n natural numbers
4. Display Multiplication Tables
5. Check if a given number is a Prime Number or not
6. Implement a sequential search
7. Create a calculator program
8. Explore string functions
9. Implement Selection Sort
10. Implement Stack
11. Read and write into a file
Part-B
1. Demonstrate usage of basic regular expression
2. Demonstrate use of advanced regular expressions for data validation.
3. Demonstrate use of List
4. Demonstrate use of Dictionaries
5. Create SQLite Database and Perform Operations on Tables
6. Create a GUI using Tkinter module
7. Demonstrate Exceptions in Python
8. Drawing Line chart and Bar chart using Matplotlib
9. Drawing Histogram and Pie chart using Matplotlib
10. Create Array using NumPy and Perform Operations on Array
11. Create DataFramefrom Excel sheet using Pandas and Perform
Operations on
DataFrames

1. Check if a number belongs to the Fibonacci Sequence

You can use the property that a number n is Fibonacci if and only if one
or both of (5*n^2 + 4) or (5*n^2 - 4) is a perfect square.

python
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import math

def is_perfect_square(x):
s = int(math.sqrt(x))
return s * s == x

def is_fibonacci(n):
return is_perfect_square(5 * n * n + 4) or is_perfect_square(5 * n * n -
4)

# Example usage
n = 21
print(is_fibonacci(n)) # Output: True (since 21 is a Fibonacci number)

2. Solve Quadratic Equations

A quadratic equation is of the form ax^2 + bx + c = 0. You can solve it

using the quadratic formula:
x=−b±b2−4ac2ax = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}x=2a−b±b2−4ac

python
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import math

def solve_quadratic(a, b, c):

discriminant = b**2 - 4*a*c
if discriminant > 0:
root1 = (-b + math.sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a)
root2 = (-b - math.sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a)
return root1, root2
elif discriminant == 0:
root = -b / (2*a)
return root
else:
return "No real roots"
# Example usage
a, b, c = 1, -3, 2
print(solve_quadratic(a, b, c)) # Output: (2.0, 1.0)

3. Find the sum of n natural numbers

The sum of the first n natural numbers is given by the formula

Sn=n(n+1)2S_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}Sn=2n(n+1).

python
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def sum_natural_numbers(n):
return n * (n + 1) // 2

# Example usage
n = 10
print(sum_natural_numbers(n)) # Output: 55

4. Display Multiplication Tables

To display multiplication tables, you can use a loop.

python
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def multiplication_table(n):
for i in range(1, 11):
print(f"{n} x {i} = {n*i}")

# Example usage
multiplication_table(5)

5. Check if a given number is a Prime Number or not

A prime number is only divisible by 1 and itself.

python
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def is_prime(n):
if n <= 1:
return False
for i in range(2, int(math.sqrt(n)) + 1):
if n % i == 0:
return False
return True

# Example usage
print(is_prime(7)) # Output: True

6. Implement a Sequential Search

Sequential search checks each element in a list until it finds the target.

python
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def sequential_search(arr, target):
for i in range(len(arr)):
if arr[i] == target:
return i # Return the index of the target
return -1 # Return -1 if the target is not found

# Example usage
arr = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
print(sequential_search(arr, 6)) # Output: 2

7. Create a Calculator Program

A basic calculator can perform basic operations like addition,

subtraction, multiplication, and division.

python
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def calculator():
 print("Select operation:")
print("1. Add")
print("2. Subtract")
print("3. Multiply")
print("4. Divide")
choice = input("Enter choice (1/2/3/4): ")
num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
if choice == '1':
print(f"Result: {num1 + num2}")
elif choice == '2':
print(f"Result: {num1 - num2}")
elif choice == '3':
print(f"Result: {num1 * num2}")
elif choice == '4':
if num2 != 0:
print(f"Result: {num1 / num2}")
else:
print("Error! Division by zero.")
else:
print("Invalid input")

# Example usage
calculator()

8. Explore String Functions

Here are some basic string functions:

python
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s = "Hello, Python!"
# Length of string
print(len(s)) # Output: 14

# Uppercase
print(s.upper()) # Output: "HELLO, PYTHON!"

# Lowercase
print(s.lower()) # Output: "hello, python!"

# Replace
print(s.replace("Python", "World")) # Output: "Hello, World!"

# Split
print(s.split(",")) # Output: ['Hello', ' Python!']

9. Implement Selection Sort

Selection sort works by repeatedly selecting the smallest (or largest)

element from the unsorted part of the list.

python
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def selection_sort(arr):
n = len(arr)
for i in range(n):
min_index = i
for j in range(i + 1, n):
if arr[j] < arr[min_index]:
min_index = j
arr[i], arr[min_index] = arr[min_index], arr[i]
return arr

# Example usage
arr = [64, 25, 12, 22, 11]
print(selection_sort(arr)) # Output: [11, 12, 22, 25, 64]
10. Implement Stack

A stack follows Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle.

python
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class Stack:
def __init__(self):
self.stack = []
def push(self, item):
self.stack.append(item)
def pop(self):
if not self.is_empty():
return self.stack.pop()
else:
return "Stack is empty!"
def peek(self):
if not self.is_empty():
return self.stack[-1]
else:
return "Stack is empty!"
def is_empty(self):
return len(self.stack) == 0

# Example usage
stack = Stack()
stack.push(10)
stack.push(20)
print(stack.pop()) # Output: 20
print(stack.peek()) # Output: 10

11. Read and Write into a File

You can use Python's built-in open() function to read and write to files.

python
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# Writing to a file
with open("example.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello, World!")

# Reading from a file

with open("example.txt", "r") as f:
content = f.read()
print(content) # Output: "Hello, World!"

Part-B

1. Demonstrate usage of basic regular expression

You can use Python's re module to work with regular expressions.

python
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import re

pattern = r'\d+' # Matches one or more digits

text = "There are 123 apples and 456 oranges."
matches = re.findall(pattern, text)
print(matches) # Output: ['123', '456']

2. Demonstrate use of advanced regular expressions for data

validation

Here is an example for validating an email address:

python
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import re
def is_valid_email(email):
pattern = r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$'
return bool(re.match(pattern, email))

# Example usage
print(is_valid_email("example@domain.com")) # Output: True

3. Demonstrate use of List

A list is a collection which is ordered and changeable.

python
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my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(my_list[0]) # Output: 1
my_list.append(6)
print(my_list) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

4. Demonstrate use of Dictionaries

A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs.

python
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my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}
print(my_dict['name']) # Output: Alice
my_dict['age'] = 26
print(my_dict) # Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 26}

5. Create SQLite Database and Perform Operations on Tables

You can use sqlite3 to interact with SQLite databases.

python
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import sqlite3
# Connect to a database (or create one)
conn = sqlite3.connect('my_database.db')
cursor = conn.cursor()

# Create a table
cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id
INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER)''')

# Insert data
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES ('Alice',
25)")
conn.commit()

# Retrieve data
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
print(cursor.fetchall()) # Output: [(1, 'Alice', 25)]

# Close the connection

conn.close()

6. Create a GUI using Tkinter module

python
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import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Simple GUI")

label = tk.Label(root, text="Hello, Tkinter!")

label.pack()

root.mainloop()
7. Demonstrate Exceptions in Python

python
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try:
x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")

8. Drawing Line chart and Bar chart using Matplotlib

python
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Line chart
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16]
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.title("Line Chart")
plt.show()

# Bar chart
labels = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
values = [3, 7, 2, 5]
plt.bar(labels, values)
plt.title("Bar Chart")
plt.show()

9. Drawing Histogram and Pie chart using Matplotlib

python
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Histogram
data = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
plt.hist(data, bins=4)
plt.title("Histogram")
plt.show()

# Pie chart
sizes = [30, 20, 50]
labels = ['Category A', 'Category B', 'Category C']
plt.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%')
plt.title("Pie Chart")
plt.show()

10. Create Array using NumPy and Perform Operations on Array

python
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import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

print(arr * 2) # Output: [2 4 6 8 10]

11. Create DataFrame from Excel sheet using Pandas and Perform
Operations on DataFrames

python
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import pandas as pd

# Load Excel file

df = pd.read_excel("data.xlsx")

# View first few rows

print(df.head())
These are all basic implementations for the tasks you mentioned. Let me
know if you need more detailed explanations for any specific task or
additional help!

You said:

send me python programs

ChatGPT said:

Sure! Here's the Python code for each of the tasks you've mentioned.
You can copy and paste these into your Python environment or editor.

Part-A

1. Check if a number belongs to the Fibonacci Sequence

python
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import math

def is_perfect_square(x):
s = int(math.sqrt(x))
return s * s == x

def is_fibonacci(n):
return is_perfect_square(5 * n * n + 4) or is_perfect_square(5 * n * n -
4)

# Example usage
n = 21
print(is_fibonacci(n)) # Output: True (since 21 is a Fibonacci number)

2. Solve Quadratic Equations

python
Copy
import math

def solve_quadratic(a, b, c):

discriminant = b**2 - 4*a*c
if discriminant > 0:
root1 = (-b + math.sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a)
root2 = (-b - math.sqrt(discriminant)) / (2*a)
return root1, root2
elif discriminant == 0:
root = -b / (2*a)
return root
else:
return "No real roots"

# Example usage
a, b, c = 1, -3, 2
print(solve_quadratic(a, b, c)) # Output: (2.0, 1.0)

3. Find the sum of n natural numbers

python
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def sum_natural_numbers(n):
return n * (n + 1) // 2

# Example usage
n = 10
print(sum_natural_numbers(n)) # Output: 55

4. Display Multiplication Tables

python
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def multiplication_table(n):
for i in range(1, 11):
print(f"{n} x {i} = {n*i}")
# Example usage
multiplication_table(5)

5. Check if a given number is a Prime Number or not

python
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def is_prime(n):
if n <= 1:
return False
for i in range(2, int(math.sqrt(n)) + 1):
if n % i == 0:
return False
return True

# Example usage
print(is_prime(7)) # Output: True

6. Implement a Sequential Search

python
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def sequential_search(arr, target):
for i in range(len(arr)):
if arr[i] == target:
return i # Return the index of the target
return -1 # Return -1 if the target is not found

# Example usage
arr = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
print(sequential_search(arr, 6)) # Output: 2

7. Create a Calculator Program

python
Copy
def calculator():
print("Select operation:")
print("1. Add")
print("2. Subtract")
print("3. Multiply")
print("4. Divide")
choice = input("Enter choice (1/2/3/4): ")
num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
if choice == '1':
print(f"Result: {num1 + num2}")
elif choice == '2':
print(f"Result: {num1 - num2}")
elif choice == '3':
print(f"Result: {num1 * num2}")
elif choice == '4':
if num2 != 0:
print(f"Result: {num1 / num2}")
else:
print("Error! Division by zero.")
else:
print("Invalid input")

# Example usage
calculator()

8. Explore String Functions

python
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s = "Hello, Python!"
# Length of string
print(len(s)) # Output: 14

# Uppercase
print(s.upper()) # Output: "HELLO, PYTHON!"

# Lowercase
print(s.lower()) # Output: "hello, python!"

# Replace
print(s.replace("Python", "World")) # Output: "Hello, World!"

# Split
print(s.split(",")) # Output: ['Hello', ' Python!']

9. Implement Selection Sort

python
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def selection_sort(arr):
n = len(arr)
for i in range(n):
min_index = i
for j in range(i + 1, n):
if arr[j] < arr[min_index]:
min_index = j
arr[i], arr[min_index] = arr[min_index], arr[i]
return arr

# Example usage
arr = [64, 25, 12, 22, 11]
print(selection_sort(arr)) # Output: [11, 12, 22, 25, 64]

10. Implement Stack

python
Copy
class Stack:
def __init__(self):
self.stack = []
def push(self, item):
self.stack.append(item)
def pop(self):
if not self.is_empty():
return self.stack.pop()
else:
return "Stack is empty!"
def peek(self):
if not self.is_empty():
return self.stack[-1]
else:
return "Stack is empty!"
def is_empty(self):
return len(self.stack) == 0

# Example usage
stack = Stack()
stack.push(10)
stack.push(20)
print(stack.pop()) # Output: 20
print(stack.peek()) # Output: 10

11. Read and Write into a File

python
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# Writing to a file
with open("example.txt", "w") as f:
 f.write("Hello, World!")

# Reading from a file

with open("example.txt", "r") as f:
content = f.read()
print(content) # Output: "Hello, World!"

Part-B

1. Demonstrate usage of basic regular expression

python
Copy
import re

pattern = r'\d+' # Matches one or more digits

text = "There are 123 apples and 456 oranges."
matches = re.findall(pattern, text)
print(matches) # Output: ['123', '456']

2. Demonstrate use of advanced regular expressions for data

validation

python
Copy
import re

def is_valid_email(email):
pattern = r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$'
return bool(re.match(pattern, email))

# Example usage
print(is_valid_email("example@domain.com")) # Output: True

3. Demonstrate use of List

python
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my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(my_list[0]) # Output: 1
my_list.append(6)
print(my_list) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

4. Demonstrate use of Dictionaries

python
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my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}
print(my_dict['name']) # Output: Alice
my_dict['age'] = 26
print(my_dict) # Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 26}

5. Create SQLite Database and Perform Operations on Tables

python
Copy
import sqlite3

# Connect to a database (or create one)

conn = sqlite3.connect('my_database.db')
cursor = conn.cursor()

# Create a table
cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id
INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER)''')

# Insert data
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES ('Alice',
25)")
conn.commit()

# Retrieve data
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
print(cursor.fetchall()) # Output: [(1, 'Alice', 25)]

# Close the connection

conn.close()

6. Create a GUI using Tkinter module

python
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import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Simple GUI")

label = tk.Label(root, text="Hello, Tkinter!")

label.pack()

root.mainloop()

7. Demonstrate Exceptions in Python

python
Copy
try:
x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")

8. Drawing Line chart and Bar chart using Matplotlib

python
Copy
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Line chart
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16]
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.title("Line Chart")
plt.show()

# Bar chart
labels = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
values = [3, 7, 2, 5]
plt.bar(labels, values)
plt.title("Bar Chart")
plt.show()

9. Drawing Histogram and Pie chart using Matplotlib

python
Copy
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Histogram
data = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
plt.hist(data, bins=4)
plt.title("Histogram")
plt.show()

# Pie chart
sizes = [30, 20, 50]
labels = ['Category A', 'Category B', 'Category C']
plt.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%')
plt.title("Pie Chart")
plt.show()

10. Create Array using NumPy and Perform Operations on Array

python
Copy
import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

print(arr * 2) # Output: [2 4 6 8 10]

11. Create DataFrame from Excel sheet using Pandas and Perform
Operations on DataFrames

python
Copy
import pandas as pd

# Load Excel file

df = pd.read_excel("data.xlsx")

# View first few rows

print(df.head())

PART-A1. Check if a number belongs to the Fibonacci Sequence.

n = int(input("Enter a number: "))a ,
b = 0 , 1 while b < n:a , b =
b , a +
b print("Yes" if b == n else "No")
Output:
E n t e r a n u m b e r : 1 4 4 Yes
Algorithm:
Step 1: StartStep 2: Take input from user Step 3: Initialize a to 0 and
b to 1.Step 4: Enter a loop that generates the Fibonacci numbers using
the formula a, b = b, a + b,until b is greater than or equal to n.Step 5:
Check whether b is equal to n. If b is equal to n, print "Yes". Otherwise,
print "No".Step 6: Stop
2.
Solve Quadratic Equations
# import math module
import matha = i n t ( i n p u t ( ' E n t e r a : ' ) )
b = int(input('Enter b: '))c = int(in
put('Enter c: '))
# calculate the discriminant
d = ( b * * 2 ) - ( 4 * a *
c )
# find two roots
root1 = (-b - math.sqrt(d)) / (2
* a)root2 = (-b + math.sqrt(d)) /
( 2 * a ) print('The solution are {0} and {
1}'.format(root1, root2))
Output:
Enter a: 1Enter b: -5Enter c: 6The
solution are 2.0 and 3.0

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