Solar Energy and Its Utilization: GOI's Initiatives: Dr. P.C.Pant Director Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Solar Energy and Its Utilization: GOI's Initiatives: Dr. P.C.Pant Director Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Solar Energy and Its Utilization: GOI's Initiatives: Dr. P.C.Pant Director Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Dr. P.C.Pant Director Ministry of New and Renewable Energy [email protected] 15th April, 2011
Daily radiation 4 - 7 kWh per m2 250 - 300 sunny days in a year Solar energy incident on 1% land area at 2% net conversion efficiency can produce 600,000 MW of power
Typically, a 20 - 30 MW capacity solar power plant can be set up on one sq. km. land area
in
The Mission aims to achieve volume production, local manufacturing, R&D and rapid diffusion and deployment of solar technologies across the country at a scale which leads to cost reduction and aiming to achieve the grid tariff parity by 2022.
4
Strategy
Graduated deployment to nucleate critical mass till costs come down and thereafter rapid scale up
Road Map
Application segment Target for Phase I (2010-13) 1,000 MW 100 MW Cumulative Cumulative Target for Target for Phase 2 Phase 3 (2013-17) (2017-22) 4,000 MW 20,000 MW
200 MW 2 million
7 million sq meters
1,000 MW 10 million
15 million sq meters
2,000 MW 20 million
20 million sq meters
in
Solar Lighting
Access to lighting for one million households under the remote village electrification programme during 11th plan with 90% financial support. Another 2 million households to be provided solar lights through banks in the market mode during 11th plan. Encourage LED based lights Central charging system for solar lanterns to develop village level entrepreneurs through market mode Kerosene savings
PV
12
Solar Thermal
Rs/kWh
10
> 25
> 25
> 30
> 35
SINGLE CRYSTAL MULTI CRYSTAL a-Si SINGLE JUNCTION a-Si MULTI JUNCTION a-Si/c-Si(nc-Si) CdTe CIGS Si FILMS Dye Sensitized Organic cells
AREA SQ. CM. 64.00 100.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.03 0.41 0.98 1.00 0.50
EFF. % 19.7 17.5 12.0 11.5 9.0 10.5 13.0 8.7 7.1 3.0
(Next 5 years)
Alternative process for poly silicon production Silicon solar cells- less material, high efficiency (18-22%) Silicon film/microcrystalline silicon solar cells (8 12%) Polycrystalline thin film cells (Long life and efficiency >12%) Organic, dye and nano-crystalline material based solar cells (5 10%)
(Next 5 years)
CPV modules/ systems ( 25 35%) Inverters : efficiency > 94% at 30% part load Long life batteries ( ~ 10 years) Alternative storage systems Efficient LED based lighting systems High efficiency motor pump sets ( > 50%)
Recent Initiatives
Development of poly silicon material 22% efficiency single crystal silicon cells 10% efficiency nano cystalline thin film modules 15% CIGS cells 12 % Dye sensitized cells 5% organic-inorganic hetero junction cells Battery for PV
Indian PV Industry
More than 40 companies, with installed capacity of about 1 GW make PV modules
20
Production in MW
100
65
50 0
20 20
22 23
25
36
32
45
37
2001-02 2002-03
2003-04 2004-05
2005-06 2006-07
2007-08 2008-09
2009-10
Year
Status
Lights 56
Others 120
Technology Upgradation
Improved selective coating by sputtering technique - more efficient & durable - environment friendly laser welding of absorbers and risers enabling fully automatic production line.
R&D Issues Reduction in cost Improvement in efficiency Possibilities are better glazing materials, transparent insulating glazings, built-in-storage systems for domestic use Development of selective coatings with glass as substrate Indigenous commercial production of
About 1,650,000 m2 collector area installed in the country. Solar collectors are certified by BIS as per Indian standards. About 60 BIS approved
Indian Scenario
Potential is 140 million square meter of collector area This figure is expected to reach 2 million square meters by the end of the year 2006-07 Installations have been mainly based on flat plate solar collectors so far. Imported ETC based systems are appearing in the market; efforts are on for manufacturing in the country.
New Initiatives
Programme for accelerated deployment of solar hot water systems is being implemented by the Ministry Provisions of the scheme Loans through expanded network of financial institutions Interest Subsidy is provided by the Ministry Domestic Users get loans @2%, institutional users not claiming accelerated depreciation @ 3%, and industrial / commercial users claiming accelerated depreciation @ 5%. In order to promote business, an
Does not apply to concentrating & unglazed collectors, built-in-storage systems Includes component tests, qualification tests and the thermal performance tests. Thermal performance tests include Thermal efficiency test Incident angle modifier test Time constant test
standardization of solar thermal devices and systems. BIS is setting up facilities at its laboratories at Bangalore and Mohali. In addition, five Regional Test Centres are available for testing of solar collectors at Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh. University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra. Madurai Kamraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Gujarat University of Jadavpur, Jadavpur, West Bengal
120,000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FERTILISERS & CHEMICALS LTD.
Peoples interest in solar cookers is very old. A large number of design variations have been developed by the researchers and users. From heat collection point of view, solar cookers have two main categories:
Solar Cookers
Box type employing flat surfaces for heat collection, sometimes supported by reflectors to boost heat collection. Concentrators having sunlight focussed onto a point or line for producing desired temperatures.
Issue
Cooking pot is black painted and
Solar Cooking
Community Solar Cookers
Concentrated sunlight from the dish is reflected onto the bottom of cooking pots using a secondary reflector positioned in the window of kitchen
Estimates of the post-harvest losses of food grains in the developing world from mishandling, spoilage and pest infestation are put at 25%. Fruit, vegetables and root crops are much less hardy and are mostly quickly perishable Estimates of production losses in developing countries are hard to judge, but estimates put losses of sweet potatoes, plantain, tomatoes, bananas and citrus fruit as high as 50%. Drying and processing may reduce these losses substantially. Drying using solar energy is one viable option for rural farmers.
Solar Dryers
Direct type solar dryer for dying of mango pulp. The dryer uses a DC fan operated by SPV for air circulation. Used by the growers for income generation activities The dried product is packed attractively and sold commercially in urban market
Issues
Yield to be enhanced for reducing cost and requirement of solar heat collection area Multi-stage models for centralized drinking water supply
Solar Detoxification
Solar detoxification processes use sunlight to break down contaminants in water or air. Two types of reactions can be used: Photochemical reactions using photocatalyst that absorbs UV light from solar spectrum to initiate chemical reaction Thermal reactions using thermal catalyst which use heat at high temperatures to initiate chemical reactions. A project has been taken to install a solar detoxification of distillery waste water. Results indicated that pre-treatment with lime and alum along with aeration followed by two day solar detoxification with MgO as a catalyst was found effective for COD reduction of about 95% and transmittance of about 80%. ISSUES Identification of suitable catalysts for various type
Smart Windows
Windows play an important role in energy efficiency of a building Properties required of windows include
Low transmission for solar radiation during summer and high during winters High U-values
Smart windows exhibiting the required properties are to be developed. Electro-chromic windows and thermochromic windows
Some experience is available in the country on parabolic trough and dish Stirling technology
Solar Thermal Power Plant (Linear parabolic collector), Mojave desert, Kramer Junction, California, USA
Molten salt as working fluid - facilitates storage that takes care of solar variation High precision setting of mirrors Investment :less than farm concept - high conversion efficiency
Paraboloid collector
82 spherically curved glass mirrors Each measures 3 ft.x 4 ft. Area = 944 sq. ft ~ 88 sq. m. Output = 25 kW at 1000 W/sq.m insolation Efficiency = 28%
Issues -Availability of Stirling engines in the desired capacity range (10 25 kW) -Availability of dish concentrator indigenously with proven controls and tracking mechanism
For reflectors, increase in reflectivity of the surface by Using thin low iron glass back-silvered mirrors Using front surface mirrors with good outdoor durability Development of Fresnal shaped mirrors for parabolic trough design to reduce cost. Solar energy storage system viz. molten
Thank You
http:\\mnre.gov.in [email protected]