PS

-
DEFINITION OF A SEQUENCE
A succession of numbers a
1
, a
2
, a
3
..., a
n
, ... formed, according to some definite rule, is called a sequence.
-
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.P.)
A sequence of numbers {a
n
} is called an arithmetic progression, if there is a number d, such that
d = a
n
a
n1
for all n. d is called the common difference (C.D.) of the A.P.
(i) Useful Formulae
If a = first term, d = common difference and n is the number of terms, then
(a) nth term is denoted by t
n
and is given by
t
n
= a + (n 1) d.
(b) Sum of first n terms is denoted by S
n
and is given by
n
n
S [2a (n 1)d]
2
= +
or
( )
2
= +
n
n
S a l
, where l = last term in the series i.e., l = t
n
= a + (n 1) d.
(c) If terms are given in A.P., and their sum is known, then the terms must be picked up in following
way
-
For three terms in A.P., we choose them as (a d), a, (a + d)
-
For four terms in A.P. , we choose them as (a 3d), (a d), (a + d), (a + 3d)
-
For five terms in A.P., we choose them as (a 2d), (a d), a, (a + d), (a + 2d) etc.
(ii) Useful Properties
-
If t
n
= an + b, then the series so formed is an A.P.
-
If S
n
= an
2
+ bn then series so formed is an A.P.
-
If every term of an A.P. is increased or decreased by some quantity, the resulting terms will also
be in A.P.
-
If every term of an A.P. is multiplied or divided by some non-zero quantity, the resulting terms will
also be in A.P.
-
In an A.P. the sum of terms equidistant from the beginning and end is constant and equal to sum
of first and last terms.
-
Sum and difference of corresponding terms of two A.P.s will form an A.P.
-
If terms a
1
, a
2
, ..., a
n
, a
n+1
, ..., a
2n+1
are in A.P., then sum of these terms will be equal to
(2n + 1)a
n+1
.
-
If terms a
1
, a
2
, ..., a
2n1
, a
2n
are in A.P. The sum of these terms will be equal to
(2n)
n n 1
a a
2
+
+ | |
|
\ .
.
Illustration 1:
The m
th
term of an A.P. is n and its nth term is m. Prove that its pth term is m + n p. Also show
that its (m + n) th term is zero.
Solution:
Given T
m
= a + (m 1) d = n and T
n
= a + (n 1) d = m
Solving we get, d = 1 and a = m + n 1
T
p
= a + (p 1)d = m + n 1 + (p 1) (1) = m + n p
Now, T
m + n
= a + (m + n 1)d = (m + n 1) + (m + n1) (1) = 0.
PROGRESSION & SERIES
2
RAMKI
Illustration 2:
Find the number of terms in the series 20,
1 2
19 , 18 ,
3 3
..... of which the sum is 300. Explain the
double answer.
Solution:
Clearly here a = 20,
2
d
3
=
and S
n
= 300.
n 2
2 20 (n 1) 300
2 3
| | | | | |
+ =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
. Simplifying, n
2
61n + 900 = 0
n = 25 or 36.
Since common difference is negative and S
25
= S
36
= 300, it shows that the sum of the eleven terms
i.e., T
26
, T
27
, ....., T
36
is zero.
Illustration3:
In an A. P., if the p
th
term is
q
1
and the q
th
term is
p
1
, prove that the sum of the first pq terms must be
2
1
(pq + 1).
Solution:
( )
p
1
T a p 1 d
q
= + =
( )
q
1
&T a q 1 d
p
= + =
Solving T
p
& T
q
, are get
1
a d
pq
= =
( )
pq
pq pq 1
S 2a pq 1 d
2 2
+
= + = (

Illustration 4:
If the sum of n terms of an A. P. is (pn + qn
2
), where p and q are constants, find the common difference.
Solution:
( ) ( )
n
n
S 2a n 1 d
2
= +
2
d d
n a n
2 2
| |
= +
|
\ .
on comparing S
n
with given sum
d d
a p and q
2 2
= =
a p q & d 2q = + =
3 PROGRESSION & SERIES
RAMKI
Illustration 5:
If a + b + c 0 and
a
c b +
,
b
a c +
,
c
b a +
are in A. P., prove that
a
1
,
b
1
,
c
1
are also in A. P. A. P.
Solution:
b c c a a b
1, 1, 1
a b c
+ + +
+ + +
also in A.P. .
a b c c a b a b c
, ,
a b c
+ + + + + +
are in A.P. .
1 1 1
, ,
a b c
are in A.P. .
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GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (G.P.)
A sequence of the numbers {a
n
}, in which
1
0 a = , is called a geometric progression, if there is a number
0 r = such that
n
n 1
a
r
a

=
for all n then r is called the common ratio (C.R.) of the G.P. .
(i) Useful Formulae
If a = first term, r = common ratio and n is the number of terms, then
(a) n
th
term, denoted by t
n
, is given by t
n
= ar
n1
(b) Sum of first n terms denoted by S
n
is given by
n
n
a(1 r )
S
1 r
or
n
a(r 1)
r 1
In case r = 1, S
n
= na.
(c) Sum of infinite terms ( S
)
a
S (for | r | 1&r 0)
1 r
= < =
(d) If terms are given in G.P. and their product is known, then the terms must be picked up in the
following way.
-
For three terms in G.P., we choose them as
a
, a, ar
r
-
For four terms in G.P., we choose them as
3
3
a a
, , ar, ar
r r
-
For five terms in G.P., we choose them as
2
2
a a
, , a, ar, ar
r r
etc.
(ii) Useful Properties
(a) The product of the terms equidistant from the beginning and end is constant, and it is equal to the
product of the first and the last term.
(b) If every term of a G.P. is multiplied or divided by the some non-zero quantity, the resulting progression
is a G.P.
4
RAMKI
(c) If a
1
, a
2
, a
3
... and b
1
, b
2
, b
3
, ... be two G.P.s of common ratio r
1
and r
2
respectively, then a
1
b
1
, a
2
b
2
... and
3 1 2
1 2 3
a a a
, ,
b b b
... will also form a G.P. Common ratio will be r
1
r
2
and
1
2
r
r
respectively. .
(d) If a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ... be a G.P. of positive terms, then loga
1
, loga
2
, loga
3
, ... will be an A.P. and conversely.
Illustration 6:
The first term of an infinite G..P is 1 and any term is equal to the sum of all the succeeding terms. find
the series.
Solution:
Given that T
p
= (T
p+1
+ T
p+2
+ .....
) or, ar
p1
= ar
p
+ ar
p+1
+ ar
p+2
+ ...
r
p1
=
p
r
1 r
[sum of an infinite G.P.]
1 r = r
r =
1
2
. Hence the series is
1 1 1
1, , , , ...
2 4 8

.
Illustration 7:
If the first and the n
th
terms of a G. P. are a and b, respectively, and if P is the product of first n terms, prove that
P
2
= (ab)
n
.
Solution:
b = ar
n1
......... (i)
( )( )( ) ( )
2 n 1
p a ar ar ............. ar

=
n(n 1)
n 1 2 ............. n 1 n
2
a r a r
+ + +
= =
( ) ( )
n n
2 n 1 n 1
2 2
p a r a.ar

= =
( )
n
2
ab =
or
( )
2
n
p ab =
Illustration 8:
If a G. P. the first term is 7, the last term 448, and the sum 889; find the common ratio.
Solution:
a = 7, l = ar
n1
= 448
( )
n
n
a r 1
S 889
r 1
= =
Here
( )
n 1
n
r. a r a
448r a
S
r 1 r 1

= =

r 2 & a 7 = =
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HARMONIC PROGRESSION (H.P.)
A sequence is said to be in harmonic progression, if and only if the reciprocal of its terms form an
arithmetic progression.
For example
RAMKI
1 1 1
, ,
2 4 6
... form an H.P., because 2, 4, 6, ... are in A.P..
(a) If a, b are first two terms of an H.P. then
n
1
t
1 1 1
(n 1)
a b a
=
| |
+
|
\ .
(b) There is no formula for sum of n terms of an H.P.
(c) If terms are given in H.P. then the terms could be picked up in the following way
l For three terms in H.P, we choose them as
1 1 1
, ,
a d a a d +
l For four terms in H.P, we choose them as
1 1 1 1
, , ,
a 3d a d a d a 3d + +
l For five terms in H.P, we choose them as
1 1 1 1 1
, , , ,
a 2d a d a a d a 2d + +
ii) Useful properties:
If every term of a H.P. is multiplied or divided by some non zero fixed quantity, the
resulting progression is a H.P.
Illustration 9:
If a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ... a
n
are in harmonic progression, prove that
a
1
a
2
+ a
2
a
3
+ ... + a
n1
a
n
= (n 1) a
1
a
n
.
Solution:
Since a
1
, a
2
, ... , a
n
are in H.P.,

1 2 3 n
1 1 1 1
, , ,...,
a a a a
are in A.P. having common difference d (say) .
2 1 3 2 n n 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
d, d, ... d
a a a a a a

= = =
or a
1
a
2
= d(a
1
a
2
), a
2
a
3
= d (a
2
a
3
), ... , (a
n1
a
n
) = d(a
n1
a
n
)
Adding the above relations, we get
a
1
a
n
= d (a
1
a
2
+ a
2
a
3
+... + a
n1
a
n
) ... (1)
Now
n 1
1 1
(n 1)d
a a
= +

n 1
1 1
(n 1)d
a a
=
or (a
1
a
n
) = (n 1) d a
n
a
1
... (2)
Putting the value of a
1
a
n
from (2) in (1), we get
(n 1) a
n
a
1
d = d (a
1
a
2
+ a
2
a
3
+ ... + a
n1
a
n
)
(n 1) a
n
a
1
= a
1
a
2
+ a
2
a
3
+ ... + a
n1
a
n
.
6
RAMKI
Illustration 10:
Find H. P. whose 3
rd
and 14
th
terms are respectively
7
6
and
3
1
.
Solution:
Let a & d are first term & common difference of A.P. which is reciprocal of given H.P.
3 14
7
t a 2d &t 3 a 13d
6
= = + = = +
5 1
a & d
6 6
= =
There A.P. is
5 7 8 9
,1, , , ..........
6 6 6 6
&
H.P. is
6 6 6 6
, 1, , , ..........
5 7 8 9
Illustration 11:
If the p
th
, q
th
and r
th
terms of a H. P. are a, b, c respectively, prove that
a
r q
+
b
p r
+
c
q p
= 0
Solution:
Let T
p
, T
q
, T
r
are p
th
, q
th
& r
th
term of a H.P.
( ) ( )
p q
1 1 1 1
A p 1 d, A q 1 d
T a T b
= = + = = +
and
( )
r
1 1
A r 1 d
T C
= = +
Hence ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
q r r p p q
A p 1 d) q r A q 1 d (r p A r 1 d p q 0
a b c

+ + = + + + + + =
-
INSERTION OF MEANS BETWEEN TWO NUMBERS
Let a and b be two given numbers.
(i) Arithmetic Means
l If three terms are in A.P. then the middle term is called the arithmetic mean (A.M.)
between the other two i.e. if a, b, c are in A.P. then
a c
b
2
+
= is the A.M. of a and b.
l If a, A
1
, A
2
, ... A
n
, b are in A.P., then A
1
, A
2
, ... A
n
are called n A.M.s between a and b.
If d is the common difference, then b = a + (n + 2 1) d
d =
b a
n 1
+
A
i
= a + id = a + i
b a a(n 1 i) ib
,
n 1 n 1
+ +
=
+ +
i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n
Note: The sum of n-A. M' s, i.e., AA
1
+ A
2
+ ... + A
n
=
n
(a b)
2
+
RAMKI
(ii) Geometric means
l If three terms are in G.P. then the middle term is called the geometric mean (G.M.)
between the two. So if a, b, c are in G.P. then
b ac =
or
b ac =
corresponding to a &
c both are positive or negative respectively.
l If a, G
1
, G
2
... G
n
, b are in G.P., then G
1
, G
2
... G
n
are called n G.M.s between a and b. If
r is the common ratio, then b = a.r
n+1

r =
1
(n 1)
b
a
+
| |
|
\ .
G
i
= ar
i
=
i
n 1 i i
n 1
n 1 n 1
b
a a .b ,
a
+
+
+ +
| |
=
|
\ .
i = 1, 2, ..., n
Note: The product of n-G. M' s i.e., G
1
G
2
... G
n
=
( )
n
ab
(iii) Harmonic mean:
l If a & b are two non-zero numbers, then the harmonic mean of a & b is a number H
such that a, H, b are in H.P. &
1 1 1 1 2ab
or H
H 2 a b a b
| |
= + =
|
+
\ .
l If a, H
1
, H
2
... H
n
, b are in H.P., then H
1
, H
2
... H
n
are called n H.M. s ' between a and b. If
d is the common difference of the corresponding A.P., then
1 1 a b
(n 2 1) d d
b a ab(n 1)
= + + =
+
i
1 1 1 a b
id i
H a a ab(n 1)
= + = +
+
,H
i

ab(n 1)
, i 1, 2, 3, ..., n
b(n i 1) ia
+
= =
+ +
(iv) Term t
n+1
is the arithmetic, geometric or harmonic mean of t
1
& t
2n+1
according
as the terms t
1
, t
n+1
t
2n+1
are in A.P., G.P. or H.P. respectively.
Illustration 12:
If A
1
, A
2
; G
1
, G
2
and H
1
, H
2
be two A.M.s, G.M.s and H.M.s between two quantities a and b then
show that A
1
H
2
= A
2
H
1
= G
1
G
2
= ab
Solution:
a, A
1
, A
2
, b be are in A.P. ... (1)
a, H
1
, H
2
, b are in H.P.
1 2
1 1 1 1
, , ,
a H H b
are in A.P. .
Multiply by ab.
1 2
ab ab
b, , , a are in A.P.
H H
take in reverse order or
2 1
ab ab
a, , , b
H H
are in A.P. . ... (2)
8
RAMKI
Compare (1) and (2)
1 2
2 1
ab ab
A and A
H H
= =
A
1
H
2
= A
2
H
1
= ab = G
1
G
2
Illustration 13:
Between 2 & 100, 13 means are inserted then find the 9
th
mean if means are
i) arithmetic ii) geometric iii) harmonic
Solution:
i. a = 2, b = 100, n = 13
9
b a
A a 9d a 9
n 1
= + = +
+
= 65
ii. a = 2, b = 100, n = 13
9
14
9
9
b
G ar a
a
| |
= =
|
\ .

( )
9
14
2 50 =
iii) a = 2, b = 100, n = 13 reciprocal of harmonic is A.P. where 1 15
1 1
t &t
2 100
= =
10 1
9
1
t t 9d
H
= = +
1 7
9
2 200
= +
Illustration 14:
If H.M. & A.M. of two numbers are 3 & 4 respectively, find the numbers.
Solution:
Let numbers are a & b
2ab a b
3 & 4
a b 2
+
= =
+
ab 12 and a b 8 = + =
solving there we get a = 6, b = 2 or a = 2, b = 6
Illustration 15:
The sum of the two numbers is 6 times their geometric mean. Show that the number are in the ratio
3 + 2
2
: 3 2
2
.
Solution:
given
a b 6 ab + =
a b
6
b a
+ =
a
Here t
b
| |
=
|
|
\ .
( )
2
1 a 3 2 2
t 6 3 2 2
t b 3 2 2
+
+ = = + =

RAMKI
Illustration 16:
If b is the harmonic mean between a and c, prove that
a b
1
+
c b
1
=
a
1
+
c
1
.
Solution:
2ac 1 1 2 2 1 1
b
2ac 2ac
a c b a b c a c
a c
a c a c
= + = + = +
+

+ +
-
ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC SERIES
A series whose each term is formed, by multiplying corresponding terms of an A.P. and a G.P., is called
an Arithmetic-geometric series.
e.g. 1 + 2x + 3x
2
+ 4x
3
+ ..... ; a + (a + d) r + (a + 2d)r
2
+ .....
(i) Summation of n terms of an Arithmetic-Geometric Series
Let S
n
= a + (a + d) r + (a + 2d)r
2
+ ... + [a + (n 1)d] r
n1
, d 0 = , r 1 =
Multiply by r and rewrite the series in the following way
rS
n
= ar + (a + d)r
2
+ (a + 2d)r
3
+ ... + [a + (n 2)d]r
n1
+ [a + (n 1)d ]r
n
on subtraction,
S
n
(1 r) = a + d(r + r
2
+ ... + r
n1
) [a + (n 1)d]r
n
or,
n 1
n
n
dr(1 r )
S (1 r) a [a (n 1)d].r
1 r
= + +
or,
n 1
n
n 2
a dr(1 r ) [a (n 1)d]
S .r
1 r (1 r) 1 r
+
= +

(ii) Summation of Infinite Series
If |r| < 1, then (n 1)r
n
, r
n1
0, as n
. Thus S
= S = 2
a dr
1 r (1 r)
+

Illustration 17:
Find the sum of infinity of the series 1 +
3
1 . 2
+
2
3
1 . 3
+
3
3
1 . 4
+ ....... .
Solution:
2 3
1 1 1
S 1 2. 3. 4. .........
3 3 3
= + + + +
2 3
1 1 1 1
S 2. 3. .............
3 3 3 3
= + + +
10
RAMKI
2 3
2 1 1 1
S 1 .........upto in inf inite
3 3 3 3
| |
= + + + +
|
\ .
1/ 3 3
1
1
2
1
3
= + =
9
S
4
=
Illustration 18:
Find sum to n terms of the series, 1 + 4x + 7x
2
+ 10x
3
+ .... when | x | < 1.
Solution:
T
n
= (3n 2) x
n1
S
n
= 1 + 4x + 7x
2
+ 10x
3
+ ..........+ (3n2) x
n1
..................(1)
x S
n
= x + 4x
2
+ 7x
3
+ ........+ (3n5) x
n1
+ (3n2)x
n
...................(2)
On subtracting (2) from (1)
(1 x) S
n
= 1 + (3x + 3x
2
+ 3x
3
+ ........... upto (n 1) term) (3n2) x
n
(1 x)S
n
=
( )
( )
n 1
n
1 x
1 3x 3n 2 x
1 x
( ) ( )
n 1 n
n
1 3x
S 1 1 x 3n 2 x
1 x 1 x
| |
= +
|

\ .
-
SUM OF MISCELLANEOUS SERIES
(i) Difference Method
Suppose a
1
, a
2
,a
3
, ............ is a sequence such that the sequence a
2
a
1
, a
3
a
2
, ........... is
either an A.P. or G.P. The nth term a
n
of this sequence is obtained as follows.
S = a
1
+ a
2
+ a
3
+ .......... + a
n1
+ a
n
S = a
1
+ a
2
+ .......... + a
n2
+ a
n1
+ a
n
( ) ( ) ( )
n 1 2 1 3 2 n n 1
a a a a a a ......... a a

= + + + + (

Since the terms within the brackets are either in an A.P. or in a G.P. we can find the value of a
n
,
the nth term. We can now find the sum of the n terms of the sequence as
n
k
k 1
S a
=
=
(ii) V
n
V
n1
Method
Let T
1
, T
2
, T
3
, ... be the terms of a sequence. If there exists a sequence V
1
, V
2
, V
3
... satisfying
T
k
= V
k
V
k1
, k > 1,
then
n n
n k k k 1 n 0
k 1 k 1
S T (V V ) V V
= =
= = =
.
RAMKI
Illustration 19 :
Find the sum of n terms of the series 3 + 7 + 14 + 24 + 37 + ... .
Solution:
Clearly here the differences between the successive terms are
7 3, 14 7, 24 14, ... i.e., 4, 7, 10, ... which are in A.P.
T
n
= an
2
+ bn + c
Thus we have 3 = a + b + c, 7 = 4a + 2b + c and 14 = 9a + 3b + c
Solving we get,
3 1
a , b , c 2
2 2
= = = . Hence
2
n
1
T (3n n 4)
2
= +
S
n
=
2
1
[3 n n 4n]
2
E E +

2
1 n(n 1) (2n 1) n(n 1) n
3 4n (n n 4)
2 6 2 2
+ + + (
= + = + +
(

Illustration 20 :
Find the sum of n terms of the series 3 + 8 + 22 + 72 + 266 + 1036 + .....
Solution:
1st difference 5, 14, 50, 194, 770, ...
2nd difference 9, 36, 144, 576, .....
They are in G.P. whose nth term is ar
n1
= a4
n1
T
n
of the given series will be of the form
T
n
= a4
n1
+ bn + c
T
1
= a + b + c = 3
T
2
= 4a + 2b + c = 8
T
3
= 16a + 3b + c = 22. Solving we have a = 1, b = 2, c = 0.
T
n
= 4
n1
+ 2n
S
n
=
n 1 n
1
4 2 n (4 1) n(n 1)
3
E + E = + + .
-
INEQUALITIES
(i)
> > A.M. G.M. H.M.
Let a
1
, a
2
, ..........., a
n
be n positive real numbers, then we define their arithmetic mean
(A), geometric mean (G) and harmonic mean (H) as
1 2 n
a a ......... a
A
n
+ + +
= ,
12
RAMKI
( )
1/ n
1 2 n
1 2 3 n
n
G a a .........a and H
1 1 1 1
.......
a a a a
= =
| |
+ + +
|
\ .
It can be shown that
A G H. > >
Moreover equality holds at either place if and only if
a
1
= a
2
= ............... = a
n
(ii) Weighted Means
Let a
1
, a
2
, ..........., a
n
be n positive real numbers and w
1
, w
2
, .........., w
n
be n positive rational numbers.
Then we define weighted Arithmetic mean (A*), weighted Geometric mean (G*) and weighted harmonic
mean (H*) as
A* =
1 2 n 1 2 n
1
w w w w w ...w 1 1 2 2 n n
1 2 n
1 2 n
a w a w ... a w
, G* (a .a ...a )
w w ... w
+ +
+ + +
=
+ + +
1 2 n
1 2 n
1 2 n
w w ... w
and H*
w w w
...
a a a
+ + +
=
+ + +
.
A* G* H* More over equality holds at either place if & only if a
1
= a
2
i ............=.a
n
(iii) Cauchys Schwartz Inequality:
If a
1
, a
2
, .........a
n
and b
1
, b
2
,.........., b
n
are 2n real numbers, then
(a
1
b
1
+ a
2
b
2
+.............+ a
n
b
n
)
2
s
(a
1
2
+ a
2
2
+............+ a
n
2
) (b
1
2
+ b
2
2
+..........+ b
2
n
) with the
equality holding if and only if
n
n
2
2
1
1
b
a
..........
b
a
b
a
= = = .
Illustration 21:
Prove that
a b
b a
a b
a .b , a,b N;a b.
2
+
+ | |
> e =
|
\ .
Solution:
Let us consider b quantities each equal to a and a quantities each equal to b. Then since
A.M. > G.M.
(a a a ...b times) (b b b ...a times)
[(a.a.a...b times)
a b
+ + + + + + +
>
+
(b.b.b. ... a times)]
1/(a+b)
b a 1/(a b)
ab ab
(a b )
a b
+
+
>
+
RAMKI
b a 1/(a b)
2ab
(a b )
a b
+
>
+
Now
a b 2ab
2 a b
+
>
+
(A.M. > H.M.)
a b
b a
a b
a .b
2
+
+ | |
>
|
\ .
.
-
ARITHMETIC MEAN OF m
th
POWER
Let a
1
, a
2
... , a
n
be n positive real numbers and let m be a real number, then
m
m m m
1 2 n 1 2 n
a a ... a a a ... a
, if m R [0,1].
n n
+ + + + + + | |
> e
|
\ .
However if
me
(0, 1), then
m
m m m
1 2 n 1 2 n
a a ... a a a ... a
n n
+ + + + + + | |
s
|
\ .
Obviously if
m
m m m
1 2 n 1 2 n
a a ... a a a ... a
m {0,1}, then
n n
+ + + + + + | |
e =
|
\ .
Illustration 22:
Prove that a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4

>
abc (a + b + c), [a, b, c > 0]
Solution:
Using mth power inequality, we get
4
4 4 4
a b c a b c
3 3
+ + + + | |
>
|
\ .
3
a b c a b c
3 3
+ + + + | || |
=
| |
\ .\ .

1/ 3 3
a b c
[(abc) ]
3
+ + | |
>
|
\ .
(
A.M
>
G.M) .M)
or
4 4 4
a b c a b c
abc
3 3
+ + + + | |
>
|
\ .
a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4

>
abc (a + b + c).
14
RAMKI
Illustration 23:
Prove that
s s s 9
s a s b s c 2
+ + >

, if s = a + b + c, [a, b, c > 0]
Solution:
We have to prove that
1 1 1 9
b c c a a b 2(a b c)
+ + >
+ + + + +
for the proof , using mth power theorem of inequality, we get
1
1 1 1
(a b) (b c) (c a) a b b c c a
3 3

+ + + + + + + + + + (
>
(

or,
1 1 1 9
b c c a a b 2(a b c)
+ + >
+ + + + +
Aliter :
A.M.
>
H.M.
(a b) (b c) (c a) 3
1 1 1
3
a b b c c a
+ + + + +
>
+ +
+ + +

1 1 1 9
a b b c c a 2(a b c)
+ + >
+ + + + +
KEY POINTS
A.P.
If a = first term, d = common difference and n is the number of terms, then
nth term is denoted by t
n
and is given by
t
n
= a + (n 1) d.
Sum of first n terms is denoted by S
n
and is given by
n
n
S [2a (n 1)d]
2
= +
or
( )
2
= +
n
n
S a l
, where l = last term in the series i.e., l = t
n
= a + (n 1) d.
Arithmetic mean A of any two numbers a and b
a b
A
2
+
=
.
Sum of first n natural numbers ( n
)
n(n 1)
n
2
+
=
, where
n N e
.
RAMKI
Sum of squares of first n natural numbers (
2
n
)
2
( 1) (2 1)
6
n n n
n
+ +
=
Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers

3
( n ) E
2
3
n(n 1)
n
2
+ (
E =
(

G.P.
If a = first term, r = common ratio and n is the number of terms, then
n
th
term, denoted by t
n
, is given by t
n
= ar
n1
Sum of first n terms denoted by S
n
is given by
n
n
a(1 r )
S
1 r
or
n
a(r 1)
r 1
In case r = 1, S
n
= na.
Sum of infinite terms ( S
)
a
S (for | r | 1&r 0)
1 r
= < =
H.P.
If a, b are first two terms of an H.P. then
n
1
t
1 1 1
(n 1)
a b a
=
| |
+
|
\ .
There is no formula for sum of n terms of an H.P.
MEANS
If three terms are in A.P. then the middle term is called the arithmetic mean (A.M.)
between the other two i.e. if a, b, c are in A.P. then
a c
b
2
+
= is the A.M. of a and b.
If a, A
1
, A
2
, ... A
n
, b are in A.P., then A
1
, A
2
, ... A
n
are called n A.M.s between a and b.
If d is the common difference, then b = a + (n + 2 1) d
d =
b a
n 1
+
A
i
= a + id = a + i
b a a(n 1 i) ib
,
n 1 n 1
+ +
=
+ +
i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n
16
RAMKI
If three terms are in G.P. then the middle term is called the geometric mean (G.M.)
between the two. So if a, b, c are in G.P. then
b ac =
or
b ac =
corresponding to a & c both are
positive or negative respectively.
If a, G
1
, G
2
... G
n
, b are in G.P., then G
1
, G
2
... G
n
are called n G.M.s between a and b. If r is the common
ratio, then b = a.r
n+1

r =
1
(n 1)
b
a
+
| |
|
\ .
G
i
= ar
i
=
i
n 1 i i
n 1
n 1 n 1
b
a a .b ,
a
+
+
+ +
| |
=
|
\ .
i = 1, 2, ..., n
If a & b are two non-zero numbers, then the harmonic mean of a & b is a number H
such that a, H, b are in H.P. &
1 1 1 1 2ab
or H
H 2 a b a b
| |
= + =
|
+
\ .
If a, H
1
, H
2
... H
n
, b are in H.P., then H
1
, H
2
... H
n
are called n H.M. s ' between a and b. If d
is the common difference of the corresponding A.P., then
1 1 a b
(n 2 1) d d
b a ab(n 1)
= + + =
+
i
1 1 1 a b
id i
H a a ab(n 1)
= + = +
+
; H
i
ab(n 1)
, i 1, 2, 3, ..., n
b(n i 1) ia
+
= =
+ +
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS
Single Answer Type Questions (A.P., G.P., & H.P.)
1. The p th term of an A.P. is a and q th term is b. then the sum of its (p+ q) terms is
A)
( )
2
p q a b
a b
p q
+ (
+ +
(

B)
( )
2
p q a b
a b
p q
(
+
(

C)
2
p q p q
a b
a b
+ (
+
(

D)
2
p q p q
a b
a b
(
+ +
(
+

2. If the sum of m terms of an arithmetical progression is equal to the sum of either the
next n terms or the next p terms, then
| | + | |
| |
+
\ .
\ .
n m p m
n m p m
is
A)
n
p
B)
p
n
C) np D)
p
m
RAMKI
3: If S
n
denotes the sum to n terms of a G.P. whose first term and common ratio are a and
r(r
=
1) respectively, then S
1
+ S
2
+ S
3
+ . . . + S
n
is
A)
1
na
r
B)
( )
( )
2
1
1
1
n
ar r
na
r
r

C)
1
a
rn
D)
( )
( )
2
1
1
1
n
n
r r
a
r
r

4. If |x| < 1 and |y| < 1 then (x + y) +(x
2
+ xy +y
2
) + (x
3
+x
2
y+xy
2
+ y
3
)+......
is
A)
( )( ) 1 1
x y xy
x y
+

B)
( )( ) 1 1
x y xy
x y

C)
( )( ) 1 1
x y xy
x y
+
+ +
D)
( )( ) 1 1
x y xy
x y

+ +
(A.M., G.M., H.M.)
5. If a, b and c be in G.P. and x, y be the arithmetic means between a, b and b, c respectively
then
a c
x y
+
is
A) 2 B) 1
C) 3 D) 4
6. In a centre test, there are p questions, in this 2
pr
students give wrong answers to at least r questions
( ) 1 r p s s . If total number of wrong answers given is 2047, then the value of p is
A) 14 B) 13 C) 12 D) 11
(INEQUALITY)
7. Let a, b, c be three distinct positive real numbers in G.P., then a
2
+ 2bc 3ac is
A) >0 B) <0 C) =0 D) cannt be found out
8 If a, b, x, y are positive natural numbers such that
1 1
1
x y
+ =
then
x y
a b
x y
+
is
A)
ab s
B)
ab >
C) =ab D) cannt be found out
9. A sequence a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, . . ., a
n
of real numbers is such that a
1
= 0, |a
2
| = |a
1
+ 1|, |a
3
| = |a
2
+ 1|
, . . . , |a
n
| = |a
n 1
+ 1|.then the arithmetic mean of a
1
, a
2
, ... , a
n
cannot be less than
A)
1
2
B)
1
2
C) 2 D) -2
10. The maximum value of a
2
b
3
c
4
subject to a + b + c = 18 is
A)
2 3 4
4 6 8
B)
3 2 4
4 6 8
C)
4 2 3
4 6 8
D)
2 4 3
4 6 8
18
RAMKI
More than One Answer (A.P., G..P., H.P.)
11. If the 1st and the
( ) 2 1
th
n term of an A.P., G.P., and H.P. are equal and their nth terms are a,b
and c respectively , then
A)
a b c = =
B)
a b c > >
C)
a c b + =
D)
2
0 ac b =
( Summation of seriese)
12 For a+ve integer n let ( )
1 1 1 1
1 .............
2 3 4 2 1
n
a n = + + + + +
then
A) ( ) 100 100 a s B) ( ) 100 100 a >
C) ( ) 200 100 a s D) ( ) 200 100 a > C
Statement type Questions
Each question contains STATEMENT 1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT 2 (Reason). Each question has 4
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement -1 is False, statement-2 is True
13. Statement - I : For positive real numbers x, y , z
( )
( )
x y z
x y z
2 2 2
x y z
x y z x y z
x y z
x y z 3
+ +
+ +
| | + + + + | |
> >
| |
+ +
\ .
\ .
Statement - II : Weighted
AM >
weighted GM
14 Statement - I : If a, b, c are positive real quantities
8 8 8
3 3 3
1 1 1 a b c
a b c a b c
+ +
+ + s
Statement -II: Let
1 2 3
, , ..........
n
a a a a be n +ve real numbers and let m be real number
then
1 2 1 2
.......... ..........
m
m m n
n n
a a a a a a
n n
+ + + + + + | |
>
|
\ .
if | | 0,1 m R
15 Statement - I : a, b, c are in H.P. and n does not lie between 0 and 1 then a
n
+ c
n
> 2b
n
.
Statement - II :
AM GM HM > >
16 Statement - I : If a
i
s are all +ve real numbers, then (1 + a
1
+ a
1
2
) (1 + a
2
+ a
2
2
) ... (1 + a
n
+ a
n
2
)
>
3
n
a
1
a
2
... a
n
Statement - II :
AM GM >
Matrix Type Questions
17. List - I List - II
A If a,b,c, are in GP , then the equation
2
2 0 ax bx c + + =
P. AP
and
2
2 0 + + = dx ex f have a common root if
, ,
d e f
a b c
are
in
RAMKI
B If a,b,c,d and p an distrinct real numbers such that Q. GP
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 0 a b c p ab bc ca p b c d + + + + + + + s ,
then a,b,c,d are in
C. If 1, 1, 1 x y z > > > are in GP then
1 1 1
, ,
1 n 1 n 1 n + + + l x l y l z
are in R.HP
D. Let a,b,c,d are the numbers are in A.P then abc,abd, acd S.AGP
bcd are in
Comprehensive Type Questions
Passage - I
In an increasing G.Pof the first terma and common ratio r , the sum of the first and the last term
is 66, the prdouct of the second and the last term is 128, and the sum of all the terms is 126.
Answer the following questions
18. The value of a is
A) 2 B) 3
C) 4 D) 5
19. The common ratio (r) is
A) 5 B) 4
C) 3 D) 2
20. No of terms of GP is
A) 6 B) 7
C) 8 D) 9
Passage - II
The equation x
4
+ ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + 1 = 0 has only real roots , given that a,b and c are non - negative
values, then
Answer the following questions
21. Minimum value of a is
A) 5 B) 4
C) 6 D) 7
22. Minimum value of b i s
A) 6 B) 7
C) 8 D) 9
23. Minimum value of c is
A) 3 B) 2
C) 4 D) 15
KEY
1.(A) 2( B) 3 (B) 4(A) 5(A) 6(D) 7(A) 8(B) 9(B) 10(A)
11(A,B,D) 12(A,D) 13 (A) 14(A) 15(A) 16(A)
17
a p
b q
c R
d R
18(A) 19(B) 20(A) 21(B) 22(A) 23(C)

20
RAMKI
Hints and Solutions
1. Let x be the first term and d be the c. d of A.P.
a = x + (p - 1) d
b = x+ (q-1) d
a b
d
p q
----------(1)
so, x = a -
( ) ( )
p 1 a b
p q
+ + +
= =

pa qa pa pb a b pb qa a b
p q p q
Hence, s
p+q
=
( +
+ +
(

p q a b
a b
2 p q
2. Let first term = a c. d = d, S
m
= sum of first m terms
Then given S
m
= S
m+n
S
m
= S
m+p
S
m
m m n m m m n
S S S 2S S
+ +
= =
( ) ( ) ( )
m m n
2 2a m 1 d 2a m n 1 d
2 2
+
+ = + + (

| |
2 2 2
2a 2m m n d m n 2mn m n 2m 2m ( = + + +

| |
2 2
2a m n d n m 2mn m n ( = + +

....... (i)
also 2 S
m
= S
m+p
| |
2 2
2a m p d p m 2mp m p ( = + +

....... (ii)
from (i) and (ii)
2 2 2 2
n m 2mn m n p m 2mp m p
m n m p
+ + + +
=

( ) ( )
2mn 2mp
n m 1 p m 1
m n m p
+ + + = + + +

( )
( )
( )
( ) m p m n
m n m p
mp mn

+ = +
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
m n m p
m p m n
| | | |
+ = +
| |
\ . \ .
RAMKI
3. We have, S
k
= a + ar + . . . + ar
k 1
=
( )
k
a 1 r
1 r
S
1
+ S
2
+ S
3
+ . . . + S
n
=
na a
1 r 1 r

(r + r
2
+ . . . + r
n
)
=
( ) ( )
( )
n n
2
r 1 r ar 1 r
na a na
1 r 1 r 1 r 1 r
1 r

=

4. The given sum S = (x + y) + (x
2

+ xy +y
2
) +.......
=
( )
1
x y
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
+ + +
2 2 3 3 4 4
x y x y x y ....
=
( )
( ) ( ) { }
+ + + +
2 3 2 3
1
x x .... y y ....
x y
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
| | | |
+ +
= = | |
|

\ . \ .
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 x y 1 x y x y xy x y xy
x y 1 x 1 y x y 1 x 1 y 1 x 1 y
5. Given
2
a b b c
b ac, x , y
2 2
+ +
= = =
Consider
( ) ( )
a c 2a 2c 2a 2c
x y a b b c a ac ac c
+ = + = +
+ + + +
a c
2 2
a c
| |
+
= =
|
|
+
\ .
6. Number of students giving wrong answers to at least r questions = 2
pr
Number of students giving wrong answers to at least (r + 1) questions = 2
pr1
\ Number of students giving wrong answers to exactly r questions
= 2
pr
2
pr1
. Also number of students giving wrong answers to exactly p questions
= 2
pp
= 2
0
= 1
\ Total number of wrong answers
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
p 1 p 2 p z p 3 1 0 0
1 2 2 2 2 2 ......... p 1 2 2 n 2

+ + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
p 1 p 2 p 2 p 3 p 3 0 0
2 2 2.2 2.2 3.2 ........ n 1 2 n.2

= + + + + + + +
= 2
p1
+ 2
p2
+ 2
p3
+ ........ + 2
0
= 2
p
1
p p 11
2 1 2047 2 2048 2 p 11 = = = =
22
RAMKI
7 Since a, b, c R
+
e and distinct
AM GM HM > >
Since
b ac =
and consider AM and HM of a and c,
a c 2ac
b
2 a c
+
> >
+
From first inequality (a + c) > 2b
2
a ac 2ab 0 + >
From second inequality b (a + c) > 2ac
2ab 2bc 4ac 0 + >
Adding the two inequalities a
2
+ 2bc 3ac > 0
8. Consider the opposite numbers
a
x
, a
x
, .......... ky times and b
y
, b
y
, ........ kx times
{ } { }
x x x x
a a .........ky times b b .......kx times
AM
kx ky
+ + + + +
=
+
( ) ( )
x y x y
kya kxa ya xa
k x y x y
+ +
= =
+ +
( ) ( ) { }
( )
1
x x y y k x y
GM a .a ......ky times b .b ........ kx times
+
=
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
kxy xy
x ky y kx
k x y
k x y x y
a .b ab ab
+
+ +
= =
....... (i)
As
1 1 x y
1, 1, i.e., x y xy
x y xy
+
+ = = + =
( )
x y x y
ya xa a a
i becomes ab or ab
xy x y
+
> + >
9 Let us add one more number, a
n + 1
, to the given sequence. The number a
n + 1
is such that |a
n + 1
| = |a
n
+ 1|.
Squaring all the numbers, we have
2
1
a 0 =
2 2
2 1 1
a a 2a 1 = + +
2 2
3 2 2
a a 2a 1 = + +
2 2
3 2 2
a a 2a 1 = + +
RAMKI
2 2
n n 1 n 1
a a 2a 1

= + +
2 2
n 1 n n
a a 2a 1
+
= + +
Adding the above equalities, we get
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 n n 1 1 2 n 1 2 n
a a . . . a a a a . . . a 2 a a . . . a n
+
+ + + + = + + + + + + +
2( )
2
1 2 n n 1
a a . . . a n a n
+
+ + + = + >

1 2 n
a a . . . a 1
n 2
+ + +
> .
10. Keeping in view that a + b + c = 18
a
2
b
3
c
4
is max. when
2 3 4
a b c
2 3 4
| | | | | |
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
is max.
The sum of factors is
a b c
2. 3. 4.
2 3 4
+ +
= a + b + c = 18
hence product will be max. when all the factors are equal
a b c a b c 18
2
2 3 4 2 3 4 9
+ +
= = = = =
+ +
a = 4, b = 6, c = 8
Max. value of a
2
b
3
c
4
is 4
2
6
3
8
4
.
11. Let 1st term is x and
( ) 2 1
th
n term = y
1. In
. AP
2
+
= =
n
x y
t a
.
2. in G.P
n
t xy b = =
H.P.
2
n
xy
t c
x y
= =
+
2
b ac and a b c = > > , equality holds good if
a b c = =
12. ( )
1 1 1
1 .............
2 3 2 1
= + + + +
n
a n
1 1 1 1 1
1 .......... .........
2 2 4 4 4
| | | |
< + + + + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
2 4 2 1
1 ............
2 4 2 1
n
n
n
< + + + + =
24
RAMKI
( ) 100 100 a <
again
( )
1
1
2 2
n
n
a n
| |
> +
|
\ .
( ) 100 100 a >
13. Let x, y, z be three numbers with weights x, y, z respectively. Then
( )
( )
1
x y z
x y z
x.x y.y z.z
x .y .z
x y z
+ +
| | + +
>
|
+ +
\ .
( ) weighted A.M. weighted G.M. >
( ) x y z
2 2 2
x y z
x y z
x y z
x y z
+ +
| | + +
>
|
+ +
\ .
(i)
Again let
1 1 1
, ,
x y z
be three numbers with wights x, y, z respectively then
1
x y z
x y z
1 1 1
x.. y. z.
1 1 1 x y z
. .
x y z x y z
+ +
+ +
| |
>
|
+ +
\ .
( ) weighted A.M. weighted G.M. >
x y z
x y z
3 1
x y z x y z
+ +
| |
>
|
+ +
\ .
x y z
x y z
x y z
x y z
3
+ +
+ + | |
>
|
\ .
(ii)
Using (i) and (ii), we get the result.
14. We know
8
8 8 8
a b c a b c
3 3
+ + + + | |
>
|
\ .
(i)
And ( )
1
3
a b c
abc
3
+ +
>
6
2 2 2
a b c
a b c
3
+ + | |
>
|
\ .
(ii)
Now (a b)
2
+ (b c)
2
+ (c a)
2

>
0
2 2 2
a b c ab bc ac + + > + +
RAMKI
( ) ( )
2
a b c 3 ab bc ac + + > + +
( )
2
a b c 1
ab bc ac
3 3
+ + | |
> + +
|
\ .
From (i) and (ii)
( )
8
2 2 2
a b c 1
a b c ab bc ac
3 3
+ + | |
> + +
|
\ .
from (i) and (iii)
( )
8 8 8
2 2 2
a b c 1
a b c ab bc ac
3 3
+ +
> + +
8 8 8
3 3 3
a b c 1 1 1
a b c a b c
+ +
> + +
Equality hold when a = b = c
15.
n
n n
a c a c
2 2
+ + | |
>
|
\ .
, if n does not lie between 0 and 1.
But we know that A.M. > G.M. > H.M.

a c
2
+
the A.M. of a and c is > b i.e., H.M. of a and c because a, b, c are given to be in H.P. .
n
n
a c
b
2
+ | |
>
|
\ .
n
n n
n
a c a c
b
2 2
+ + | |
> >
|
\ .

a
n
+ c
n
> 2b
n
16. Using A.M.
>
G.M., we get 1 + a
1
+ a
1
2

>
3a
1
, 1 + a
2
+ a
2
2

>
3a
2
, ... 1 + a
n
+ a
n
2

>
3a
n
.
Multiplying, we get (1 + a
1
+ a
1
2
) (1 + a
2
+ a
2
2
) ... (1 + a
n
+ a
n
2
)
>
3
n
a
1
a
2
... a
n
.
17.
a p
b q
c R
d R
Passage - I
Let a be the first term, r be the common ratio and n be the number of terms
Since, a + a r
n1
= 66 .......... (i)
Also ar. ar
n-2
= 128
26
RAMKI
2 n 1
a r
= 128 .......... (ii)
and
( )
( )
n
a r 1
126
r 1
.......... (iii)
From (i) and (ii),
2
128
a 1 66
a
| |
+ =
|
\ .
( ) ( )
2
a 66a 128 0 a 64 a 2 0 + = =
so, a = 2. Then 4.r
n1
= 128 (from ii)
n 1 n
r 32 r 32r
= =
so, from (iii),
( ) 32r 1
2 126
r 1
32r 1 63r 63 31r 62 r 2 = = =

so,
n 6
r 64 2 n 6 = = =
Similarly if a = 64, therefore r = 1/2 and then n = 6( discarded as the given GPs increasing )
Hence number of terms = 6
Passage - II
Let f(x) = x
4
+ ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + 1
As a, b and c are non-negative, no root of the equation f(x) = 0 can be positive. Further as
f(0)
=
0, all the roots of the equation, say x
1
, x
2
, x
3
and x
4
, are negative. We have
1 1 2
x a, x x b, E = E =
1 2 3 1 2 3 4
x x x c and x x x x 1 E = =
Using A.M.
>
G.M. for positive numbers x
1
, x
2
, x
3
and x
4
, we get
a
1 a 4
4
> >
Using A.M.
>
1
x
2
, x
1
x
3
, x
1
x
4
, x
2
x
3
, x
2
x
4
and x
3
x
4
, we get
b
1 b 6
6
> >
Finally using A.M.
>
1
x
2
x
3
, x
1
x
2
x
4
, x
1
x
3
x
4
and x
2
x
3
x
4
, we get
c
1 c 4
4
> >
.
RAMKI
LEVEL-I
Model Questions
Single Correct Answer Type Questions
A.P. G.P. & H.P
1. If the sum of first 2n terms of A.P. 2, 5, 8,... is equal to the sum of the first n terms of the A.P. 57, 59, 61,
....., then n equals
(A)10 (B) 12
(C) 11 (D) 13
2. Consider an infinite geometric series with first term a and common ratio r. If its sum is 4 and the second
term is
3
4
, then
(A)
7 3
a ,r
4 7
= =
(B)
3
a 2,r
8
= =
(C)
3 1
a ,r
2 2
= =
(D)
1
a 3,r
4
= =
3. If S denotes the sum to infinity and S
n
the sum of n terms of the series
1 1 1
1 .....,
2 4 8
+ + + +
such that
S S
n

1
1000
<
, then the least value of n is
(A) 8 (B) 9
(C) 10 (D) 11
4. If
2 3
x 1 a a a ...to (| a| 1) = + + + + < and
2 3
y 1 b b b ...to (| b | 1) = + + + + < , t hen
2 2 3 3
1 ab a b a b .... + + + +
is equal to
(A)
xy
x y 1 +
(B)
x y
x y 1
+
+ +
(C)
x y
x y 1
+
(D) none
5. If a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ..... is an A.P. such that
1 5 10 15 20 24
a a a a a a 225 + + + + + = ,
then
1 2 3 23 24
a a a ... a a + + + + + is equal to
(A) 909 (B) 75 (C) 750 (D) 900
28
RAMKI
6. If the sum of first p terms, first q terms and first r terms of an A.P. be a, b and c respectively, then
( ) ( ) ( )
a b c
q r r p p q
p q r
+ +
is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 2
(C) pqr (D)
8abc
pqr
7. The numbers 3
2sin2q1
, 14, 3
42

sin2q
form first three terms of an A.P. Its fifth term is equal to
(A) 25 (B) 12
(C) 40 (D) 53
8. If sum of n terms of an A.P. is 3n
2
+ 5n and T
m
= 164, m = ?
(A) 26 (B) 27
(C) 28 (D) none of these
9. If the sum of the series
2 3
5 25 125
2 ......... is
x x x
+ + + +
finite, then
(A) |x| > 5 (B) 5 < x < 5
(C) |x| < 5/2 (D) |x| > 5/2
AM GM & HM
10. Between 1 and 31 are inserted m arithmetic means so that the ratio of the 7
th
and (m1)
th
means is 5 :
9. Then the value of m is
(A) 12 (B) 13
(C) 14 (D) 15
SUMMATION OF SERIES
11. If
1 1 1 1 1
1 .......
3 5 7 9 11 4
t
+ + + =
, then value of
1 1 1
.......... is
1.3 5.7 9.11
+ + +
(A)
8
t
(B)
6
t
(C)
4
t
(D)
36
t
INEQUALITY
12. If three positive real numbers a, b, c are in A.P., with abc = 4, then the minimum value of b is
(A) 4
1/3
(B) 3
(C) 2 (D) 1/2
RAMKI
13. If x, y and z are positive real numbers such that x + y + z = a then
(A)
1 1 1 9
x y z a
+ + >
(B)
1 1 1 9
x y z a
+ + <
(C) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
8
a x a y a z a
27
>
(D) none of these
14. If a, b and c are distinct positive real numbers and a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
= 1, then
ab + bc + ca is
(A) less than 1 (B) equal to 1
(C) greater than 1 (D) any real number
15. If a, b and c are positive real numbers, then least value of
(a + b + c)
1 1 1
a b c
| |
+ +
|
\ .
is
(A) 9 (B) 3
(C) 10/3 (D) none of these
More Than One Correct Answer Type Questions
A.P G.P & H.P
16. The sum of the first n term (n > 1) of an A.P. is 155 and the common difference is 2. If the first term is a
positive integer, then
(A) n can not be even (B) n can not be odd
(C) 5 (D) 6
17. If b
1
, b
2
, b
3
(b
1
> 0) are three successive terms of a G.P. with common ratio r, the value of r for which the
inequality b
3
> 4b
2
3b
1
holds is given by
(A) r > 3 (B) r < 1
(C) r = 3.5 (D) r = 5.2
18. Let S
1
, S
2
, ............. be squares such that for each
n 1 >
, the length of a side of S
n
equals to the length
of a diagonal of S
n+1
. If the length of a side of S
1
is 10 cm, then for which of the following value (s) of n is
the area of S
n
less than 1 sq. cm?
(A) 7 (B) 8
(C) 9 (D) 10
19. All the term of an A. P. are natural numbers and the sum of the first 20 terms is greater than 1072 and
less than 1162. If the sixth term is 32 then
(A) first term is 12 (B) first term is 7
(C) common difference is 4 (D) common difference is 5
20. Let the sets A = {2, 4, 6, 8, .....} and B = {3, 6, 9, 12, .....}, and n(A) = 200, n(B) = 250. Then
(A) n(A B) 67 = (B) n(A B) 450 =
(C) n(A B) 66 = (D) n(A B) 384 =
30
RAMKI
21. In a GP the product of the first four terms is 4 and the second term is the reciprocal of the fourth term. The
sum of the GP up to infinite terms is
(A) 8 (B) -8
(C) 8/3 (D) 8/3
22. Let x
1
, x
2
, ............ be positive integers in A.P., such that x
1
+ x
2
+ x
3
= 12 and x
4
+ x
6
= 14. Then
x
5
is
(A) a prime number (B) 11
(C) 13 (D) 7
SUMMATION OF SERIES
23. The sum of the numerical series
1 1 1
......... upto n terms
3 7 7 11 11 15
+ + +
+ + +
, is
(A)
3 4n 3
4
+
(B)
4
3 4n 3 + +
(C) less than n (D) greater than
n / 2
24. The sum of the series
1 3 7 15
.............
2 4 8 16
+ + + +
(A) upto n terms is :
n
1
n 1
2
+ (B) upto n terms is :
n
1
n
2
+
(C) upto n terms is 2 (D) upto infinity is infinity
25. If
( ) ( )
n
r 1
r r 1 2r 3
=
+ +
= an
4
+ bn
3
+ cn
2
+ dn + e, then
(A) a + c = b + d (B) e = 0
(C) a, b 2/3, c 1 are in A.P. (D) c/a is an integers
(Assertion Reason Type Questions)
Instructions:
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement2 NOT a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(C) Statement1 is True, Statement2 is False
(D) Statement 1 is False, statement2 is True.
RAMKI
26. For
2 r 1
r
r 1, and x 1 Let t 1 2x 3x ......... rx

> = = + + + +
STATEMENT-1 : Sum of t
1
+ t
2
+ ....... + t
n
is
( )
( )
( )
( )
n 1 n
2 3
n 1 x 2x 1 x
1 x 1 x
+
+

STATEMENT-2 : For
r
2 r 1
1 x
r 1, and x 1,1 x x .......... x
1 x

> = + + + + =
and
( )
r r
2 r 1
2
1 x rx
1 2x 3x .......... rx
1 x
1 x

+ + + + =
27. STATEMENT-1 : If x > 1, the sum to infinite number of

2 3
1 1 1
1 3 1 5 1 7 1 ........
x x x
| | | | | |
+ + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
is 2x
2
x
STATEMENT-2 : If 0 < y < 1, the sum of the series
( )
2 3
2
1 y
1 3y 5y 7y ........is
1 y
+
+ + + +
28. Let a, r R {0, 1, 1} and n be an even number.

STATEMENT-1 : a. ar. ar
2
. . . ar
n 1
= (a
2
r
n 1
)
n/2
.
STATEMENT-2 : Product of k
th
term from the beginning and from the end in a G.P. is independent of k.
Comprehension Type Questions
This section contains 3 paragraphs. Based upon each paragraph, 3 multiple choice questions have to be answered.
Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
P
2931
: Paragraph for Question Nos. 29 to 31
An A.P. is a sequence whose terms increase or decrease by a fixed number, called the common difference
of the A.P.. If a is the first term and d the common difference, the A.P. can be written as a, a+d, a +
2d, The nth term a
n
is given by a
n
= a + (n 1)d. The sum s
n
of the first n terms of such an A.P. is
given by : s
n
=
n
2
(2a + (n 1)d) =
n
2
(a + l) where l is the last term (i.e., the nth term of the A.P. ). If a,
b, c are in A.P., then
a c
b
2
is the A.M. of a and c. The n numbers A A

1
, A
2
,.., A
n
are said to be A.M.s
between the numbers a & b if
a, A
1
, A
2
, ..,A
n
, b are in A.P. If d is the common difference of this A.P., then
b a
d
n 1
r
(b a)
A a r
n 1
, where A A
r
is the r
th
mean
29. If 6 A.M.s are inserted between 1 and 9/2, then the 4
th
arithmetic mean is equal to
(A)
3
2
(B)3
(C) 2/3 (D)13/5
32
RAMKI
30. If log 2, log (2
x
1) and log (2
x
+ 3) are in A.P., then the value of x is
(A)5/2 (B)log
2
5
(C)log
3
5 (D)log
5
3
31. If a
m
be the m
th
term of an A.P., then
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 2n 1 2n
a a a a ...... a a
is equal to
(A)
2 2
1 2n
2n 1
a a
n

(B)
2 2
1 2n
n
a a
2n 1

(C)
2 2
1 2n
n
a a
2n 1

(D)
2 2
1 2n
2n 1
a a
n

P
3234
If x
1
, x
2
,.. . . . . x
n
are n positive real numbers; then A.M. G.M. H.M.
1/ n 1 2 n
1 2 n
1 2 n
x x .......x n
(x x .......x )
1 1 1
n
......
x x x
+ +
> >
+ + +
equality occurs when numbers are same using
this concept.
32. If a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 and the minimum value of a(b
2
+ c
2
) + b(c
2
+ a
2
)+ c(a
2
+ b
2
) is labc, then l is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 6
33. If a, b, c, d, e, f are positive real numbers such that a + b + c + d + e + f = 3, then
x = (a + f)(b + e)(c + d) satisfies the relation
(A) 0 < x 1 (B) 1 x 2
(C) 2 x 3 (D) 3 x 4
34. If a and b are two positive real numbers, and a + b = 1, then the greatest value of a
3
b
4
is
(A)
2 3
3 4
75
(B)
3 4
7
3 4
7
(C)
7
3 4
7
3 4
(D) none of these
MatrixMatch Type Questions
This section contains 2questions. Each question contains statements
given in two column which have to be matched. Statements (A, B, C, D)
in Column I have to be matched with statements (p, q, r, s) in Column II.
The answers to these questions have to be appropriately bubbles
as illustrated in the following example.
If the correct matches are Ap, As, Bq, Br, Cp, Cq and Ds,
then the correctly bubbled 4 4 matrix should be as follows :
35. If a, b, c are in H.P. then
Column I Column II
(A)
a b c
, ,
b c a c a b a b c + + +
(p) H.P.
(B)
1 1 1
, ,
b a b b c
(q) G.P.
RAMKI
(C)
b b b
a , , c
2 2 2

(r) A.P.
(D)
a b c
, ,
b c c a a b + + +
(s) A.G.P.
36. Let a, b, g be distinct real numbers which are in A.P. If a, b, g are the roots of
x
3
+ bx + c = 0, then
Column I Column II
(A) b (p) 0
(B) c (q) negative
(C)
2
b c
(r) positive
(D) b
2
+ c
2
(s) non-negative
(t) nonpositive
Practice Questions
SINGLE ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
37. The third term of a G.P. is 4. The product of the first five terms is
(A) 4
3
(B) 4
5
(C) 4
4
(D) none of these
38. If a, b, c, d are in H.P,, then ab + bc + cd is equal to
(A) 3 ad (B) (a + b) (c + d)
(C)3 ac (D) none of these
39. If S be the sum, P the product and R the sum of the reciprocals of n terms of a G.P., then
n
S
R
| |
=
|
\ .
(A) P (B) P
2
(C) P
3
(D)
P
40. If x, y, z be respectively the pth, qth and rth terms of G.P., then
( ) q r log x + (r p) log y + (p q) log z =
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 1 (D) none
41. The sum of integers from 1 to 100 which are divisible by 2 or 5 is
(A) 300 (B) 3050
(C) 3200 (D) 3250
34
RAMKI
42. The interior angles of a polygon are in arithmetic progression. The smallest angle is 120
0
and the common
difference is 5. The number of sides of the polygon is
(A) 7 (B) 9
(C) 11 (D) 16
43. If S
n
= nP +
1
2
n (n 1) Q where S
n
denotes the sum of the first n terms of an A.P., then the common
difference is
(A) P + Q (B) 2P + 3Q
(C) 2Q (D) Q
44. If a
1
, a
2
, a
3
.. a
n
are in H.P., then
1 2 n
2 3 n 1 3 n 1 2 n 1
a a a
, ,...
a a ...a a a ... a a a ... a

+ + + + + + + +
are in
(A) A.P. (B) G.P.
(C) H.P. (D) none of these
45. If A and G be the A.M. and G.M. respectively between two numbers, then the numbers are
(A)
2 2
A G A
(B)
2 2
A A G
(C)
2 2
A A G +
(D)
2 2
G A G
46. If x > 0 and ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
8 16 4
2 2 2 2 2
log x log x log x log x log x ........ 4 + + + + + = then x equals
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) 5
47. If one geometric mean G and two arithemtic means p and q be inserted between two numbers, then G
2
is
equal to:
(A) (3p q) (3q p) (B) (2p q) (2q p)
(C) (4p q) (4q p) (D) none of these
48. If the arthimetic mean between a and b is
n 1 n 1
n n
a b
,
a b
+ +
+
+
then n =
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 1 (D) 1/2
49. The sum upto (2n + 1) terms of the series
a
2
(a + d)
2
+(a + 2d)
2
(a + 3d)
2
+ ........ is
(A) a
2
+ 3nd
2
(B) a
2
+ 2nad + n (n 1)d
2
(C) a
2
+ 3nad + n (n 1)d
2
(D) none of these
50. The positive integer n for which 2 2
2
+ 3 2
3
+ 4 2
4
+ .............. + n 2
n
= 2
n+10
is
(A) 510 (B) 511
(C) 512 (D) 513
RAMKI
51. If a, b and c are positive real numbers then
a b c
b c a
+ +
is greater than or equal to
(A) 3 (B) 6
52. The numbers
sin x
6
, cos x and tan x will be in G.P. if
(A)
x
3
t
=
(B)
5
x
6
t
=
(C)
x 2K
3
t
= + t
(D)
2K
6
t
+ t
53. If the system of linear equation x + 2ay + az = 0, x 3by bz 0, + + = x + 4 cy + cz = 0, has a non-zero
solution, then a,b, c
(A) can all be zero (B) are in A.P.
(C) are in G.P. (D) are in H.P. if
abc 0 =
54. The next term of the geometric progression x, x
2
+ 2, x
3
+ 10 is
(A) 0 (B) 54
(C)
729
16
(D)
16
729
55. If sum of n terms of an A.P. is given by S
n
= a + bn + cn
2
where a, b, c are independent of n, then
(A) a = 0 (B) common difference of A.P. must be 2b
(C) common difference of A.P. must be 2c (D) All above
56. If a, b, c are in A.P., then 2
ax+1
, 2
bx+1
, 2
cx+1
,
x 0 =
are in
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. when x > 0
(C) G.P. if x < 0 (D) G.P. for all
x 0 =
(Assertion Reason Type Questions)
Instructions:
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement2 NOT a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(C) Statement1 is True, Statement2 is False
(D) Statement 1 is False, statement2 is True.
57. STATEMENT-1 : If the sides of a right angled triangle are in G.P. then the common ratio of the G.P. can
take two and only two values
because
STATEMENT-2 : The common ratio is either greater than 1 or less than 1
36
RAMKI
58. STATEMENT-1 : If all terms of a series with positive terms are smaller than 10
5
, then the sum of the
series upto infinity will be finite
STATEMENT-2 : If n
5
n
S
10
<
then
lim
n n
S is finite
59. Statement1 : In the expression (x + 1) (x + 2) . . . (x + 50), coefficient of x
49
is equal to 1275.
Statement2 :
( )
n
r 1
n n 1
r , n N
2
=
+
= e
.
P
6062
The sum of the squres of three distinct real numbers, which are in G.P., is S
2
. If their sum is a S then
answers the following questions.
60. a
2
lies
(A) (1/3, 2) (B) (1, 2)
(C) (1/3, 3) (D) none of these
61. If a
2
= 2, then value of r equals
(A) ( )
1
5 3
2
(B) ( )
1
3 5
2
+
(C) ( )
1
5 3
2
+ (D) ( )
1
3 5
3
+
62. If we drop the condition that the G.P. is strictly increasing and take a
2
= 3, then common ratio is given
by
(A) 2 (B) +1
(C) 0 (D) 3
RAMKI
63. Sum of the series upto n terms
Column I Column II
(A) 1
3
+ (1.5)
3
+ 2
3
+ (2.5)
3
+ ...... (p) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
n n 1 n 2 3n 5
12
+ + +
(B) 1(2)
2
+ 2(3)
2
+ 3(4
2
) + .......... (q) n (3n
2
+ 6n + 1)
(C) (n
2
1)
2
+ 2 (n
2
2
2
) + (r) ( ) ( )
2 2 1 1
n 1 n 2
32 8
+ +
3(n
2
3
2
) + ......
(D) (2) (5) + (5) (8) + (8) (11) + ...... (s) ( )
2
2
1
n n 1
4

64. Match the value of x on the left with the value on the right.
Column I Column II
(A) 5
2
5
4
5
6
.......5
2x
= (0.04)
28
(p) 3 log
3
5
(B)
( )
5
1 1 1
log .............
2
4 8 16
x 0.2
| |
+ + +
|
\ . =
(q) 4
(C)
( )
25
2 3
1 1 1
log ..........
3 3 3 x 0.16
| |
+ + +
|
\ . =
(r) 2
(D) 3
x1
+ 3
x2
+ 3
x3
+ .............. (s) 7
2
2
1 1
2 5 5 1 ..........
5 5
| |
= + + + + +
|
\ .
(t) even integer
LEVEL-I
(ANSWER KEY)
1-C 2-D 3-D 4-A 5-D 6-A
7-D 8-B 9-A 10-C 11-A 12-A
13-A 14-A 15-A 16-A,C 17-A,B,C,D 18-B,C,D
19-B,D 20-C,D 21-A,B,C,D 22-A,D 23-A,B,C,D 24-A,D
25-A,B,C,D 26-A 27-A 28-B 29-B 30-B
31-B 32-D 33-A 34-B
35- A P BR CQ DP
38
RAMKI
36. A Q BP C R DR
37-B 38-A 39-B 40-A 41-B 42-B
43-D 44-C 45-B 46-C 47-B 48-A
49-D 50-D 51-A 52-A,C 53-A,D 54-B,C
55-A,C 56-B,D 57-B 58-B 59-A 60-C
61-B 62-B
63. A R BP CS DQ
64. A S BR,T C Q,T DP
29-91 30-2
HINTS AND SOLUTIONS
Level-I
(Model Questions)
1. S
2n
= S
n
( ) ( )
2n n
2.2 2n 3 2.57 n 1 2
2 2
+ = + ( (

5n 55 =
2. Given
a
4
1 r
=
and
3
ar
4
=
Eliminating a, we have 16r
2
16r + 3 = 0
or (4r 3) (4r 1) =0
r = 3/4, 1/4.
Hence r = 1/4 so that a = 3.
r = 3/4 is not given in any of the four choices so we choose r = 1/4 only.
3.
( )
1
S 2
1 1/ 2
= =
( )
( )
n
n n 1
1 1/ 2
1
S
1 1/ 2 2

= =
=2-
n 1
1
2

RAMKI
n n 1
1 1
S S
1000 2

= <
or
n 1
2 1000
>
Now 2
10
= 32 32 = 1024
\ n 1
>
10 or n
>
11 1
Hence the least value is 11.
4.
1 1
x .y
1 a 1 b
= =

x 1 y 1
a .b
x y

= =
2 2
1 ab a b ... = + + +
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 xy
x 1 y 1 1 ab x y 1
1
xy
= = =
+
5. We given,
5 20 1 24 10 15 1 24
a a a a ,a a a a + = + + = +
Hence the given relations reduce to, ( )
1, 24
3 a a 225 + = , giving
1 24
a a 75 + =
Hence S
24
= ( ) ( ) ( )
1 24
n
a 24/ 2 a a 12 75 900
2
+ = + = = l
6. ( )
p
p
S [2A p 1 d] a
2
= + =
( )
2a
2A p 1 d
p
= +
.... (i)
( )
2b
2A q 1 d
q
= +
.... (ii)
( )
2c
2A r 1 d
r
= +
.... (iii)
Multiply (i), (ii) and (iii) by q r, r p and p q respectively and add
( )
a
q r 0
p
E =
7. Since the numbers are in A.P.
\ 28 = 3
2 sin 2q 1
+ 3
4 - 2 sin 2q
40
RAMKI
sin2
sin2
9 81
or 28
3 9
u
u
= + , where x = 9
sin 2 q
or
2
x 84x 243 0 + =
or (x 81) (x 3) = 0 x 81 or 3 =
sin2 2 1/ 2
x 9 81,3 or 9 ,9
u
= =
sin2 2 or1/ 2 u =
since sin 2q cannot be greater than 1 so we choose sin 2q =
1
2
Hence the terms in A.P. are
0
3
, 14, 27 i.e. 1, 14, 27.
5
T a 4d = + = 1 + 4.13 = 53
8. T
m
= S
m
S
m 1
\ 164 = 3 (2m 1) + 5.1 \ 6m = 162
9. We can rewrite the series as
2 3
5 5 5
1 1 ..........
x x x
| | | |
+ + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
We can sum up this series if |5/x| < 1
| x | 5 >
10.
1 2 m
1, x , x ...x , 31 is an A.P. of (m + 2) terms.
31 = T
m+2
= a + (m + 1) d
= 1 + (m + 1)d
( )
30
d
m 1
=
+
Now
7
m 1
x 5
x 9
=
8
m
T a 7d 5
T a (m 1)d 9
+
= =
+
Now put for a and d and we get m = 14.
11. We have
1 1 1 1 1
1 .........
4 3 5 7 9 11
t | | | | | |
= + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
RAMKI
2 2 2
.........
1.3 5.7 9.11
= + + +
1 1 1
..........
1.3 5.7 9.11 8
t
+ + + =
12. Using
AM GM >
( )
1
3
a b c
abc
3
+ +
>
( )
1
3
3b
abc
3
>
(since 2b = a + c)
1
3
b 4 >
13. Since
AM HM >
x y z 3
1 1 1
3
x y z
+ +
>
+ +
a 3 1 1 1 9
or
1 1 1
3 x y z a
x y z
> + + >
+ +
14. Since a and b are unequal,
2 2
2 2
a b
a b
2
+
>
(A.M. > G.M. for unequal numbers)
2 2
a b 2ab + >
Similarly b
2
+ c
2
> 2bc and c
2
+ a
2
> 2ca
Hence 2 (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) > 2 (ab + bc + ca)
ab bc ca 1 + + <
15. Using
A.M. G.M. >
( ) ( )
1/ 3
1/ 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
a b c abc and
3 3 a b c abc
| | | |
+ + > + + >
| |
\ . \ .
( )
1 1 1 1 1
a b c . 1
3 3 a b c
| |
+ + + + >
|
\ .
42
RAMKI
( )
1 1 1
a b c 9
a b c
| |
+ + + + >
|
\ .
Equality will hold when a = b = c
16. Let the numbers in A.P. are a, (a + 2), (a + 4)....... a + (a + 2) + (a + 4) + ........ = 155
( )
n
2a n 1 2 155
2
+ = (

( ) n a n 1 155 + = (

n can not be even as sum is an odd number
17. We have
b
3
> 4b
2
3b
1

2
1 1 1
b r 4b r 3b >
2
r 4r 3 >
| |
1
b 0 >
( ) ( )
2
r 4r 3 0 r 3 r 1 0 > >
r 3 or r 1 > <
Since r = 3.5 and r = 5.2 are both greater than 3, (c) and (d) are also true.
18. Let a
n
denotes the side of the square S
n
then
n n 1
a 2a
+
=
n 1
n
a 1
a 2
+
=
n 1
n 1
1
a a
2
| |
=
|
\ .
(G.P. formula) = 10
n 1
1
2
| |
|
\ .
Now, we must have
2
n
a 1 <
2n 2
1
100 1
2
| |
<
|
\ .
n
2 200 > n 8 >
19. We have 1072 < 10 (2a + 19d) < 1162 and a + 5d = 32
1072 < 640 + 90d < 1162
\
432 522
d
90 90
< <
and d is natural number, so d = 5 a = 7
RAMKI
20. We have to find common terms in 2, 4, 6, 8,.... to 200 terms & 3, 6, 9, 12, ...... to 250 terms
last term of the first AP = 2 + (200 1) 2 = 400
last term of second AP = 3 + (250 1) 3 = 750
\ We will get common term upto 400.
\ In first AP common difference = 2
\ In second AP common difference = 3
\ common difference of the common AP = 2 3 = 6
\ The common terms are 6, 12, 18, 24........ 396.
\ Let number of terms = n
\ 396 = 6 + (n 1) 6
\ 396 = 6n n 66 =
( ) n A B = 66
( ) n A B = ( ) ( ) ( ) n A n B n A B +
= 200 + 250 66 = 384
21. Let the first four terms be
3
3
a a
, ,a,ar
r r
then
( ) ( )
| || |
=
| |
\ .\ .
3
3
a a
a ar 4
r r
4
a 4 =
a 2 =
Also given
3
a 1
r ar
=
2
1
r
2
=
1
r
2
=
so, the sum to infinite series
3
2
a
r
S
1 r
=
first term =
3
a
r
and common ratio = r
2
)
22. Let the positive integers in A.P. are a, a + d, a + 2d,....
according to question a + a + d + a + 2d = 12
a + d = 4 .... (i)
also a + 3d + a + 5d = 14
a + 4d = 7 .... (ii)
From (i) and (ii) a = 3, d = 1
Hence x
5
= a + 4d = 7
44
RAMKI
23. (a), (b) on rationalizing each term, we get series
7 3 11 7 15 11
.........upto n term
7 3 11 7 15 11

= + + +

1
3 4n 3
4
(
= +

which is equal to
n
3 4n 3 + +
choices (a) and (b) are correct
c) Since
n
n
3 4n 3
<
+ +
, choice c is also correct
d) And
n n n
2 3 4n 3 4n
> >
+ +
24. n 2 3 n
1 1 1 1
S 1 1 1 ......... 1
2 2 2 2
| | | | | | | |
= + + + +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
2 n n
1 1 1 1
n ......... n 1
2 2 2 2
| |
= + + + = +
|
\ .
As
n
1
n , 0, Hence S
2

= =
25. an
4
+ bn
3
+ cn
2
+ dn + e
( ) ( ) ( )
n n
r 1 r 1
2 r r 1 r 2 r r 1
= =
= + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
n n 1 n 2 n 3 n n 1 n 2
4 3
= + + + + +
( )
4 3 2
1
3n 16n 27n 14n
6
= + + +
26. Ans: (A)
According to theory
( )
r r
r 2
1 x rx
t
1 x
1 x
( )
( )
n n n
r r
r 2
r 1 r 1 r 1
1 1
t 1 x rx
1 x
1 x = = =
=

RAMKI
( )
( ) ( )
( )
n n
n 1
2 2
x 1 x x 1 x
1 1 nx
n
1 x 1 x 1 x
1 x 1 x
+ ( (

( ( =

( (

( )
( )
( )
( )
n 1 n
2 3
n 1 x 2x 1 x
1 x 1 x
+
+
=

27. Ans: (A)
Let
S = 1 + 3y + 5y
2
+ 7y
3
+........... (i)
yS = y + 3y
2
+ 5y
3
+ .......... (ii)
Subtracting (2) from (1) we get
( )
2 3
2y
1 y S 1 2y 2y 2y ......... 1
1 y
= + + + + = +
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2y 1 y
S
1 y
1 y 1 y
+
= + =

Putting
1
y 1 , we get
x
=
( )
2
2
1 1 1/ x
S 2x x
1/ x
+
= =
.......... (iii)
28. Ans:(B)
Statement (1) a. ar. ar
2
..............ar
n-1
= a
n

( )
( )
/
=
n n 1
n 2
2 n 1
2
r a r
statement (1) is correct
Statement (2)
from beginning T
k
= ar
k-1
from the end T
K
= T
nK+1
from beginning = ar
n-k
Product of T
k
from beginning and T
k
from end = ar
k-1
ar
n-k
= a
2
r
n-1
Which is independent of k
So, statement (2) is correct but not explanation for statment (1)
29. Let
th
r A.M.
between a and b is Ar
r
(b a)
A a r
n 1
A A
4
= 1+4
9
1
2
6 1
| |
|
\ .
+
=1 + 2 = 3
30. As log 2, log (2
x
1) and log (2
x
+ 3) are in A.P. then
log (2
x
-1) -log2 = log (2
x
+3) - log (2
x
-1)
or,
x x
x
2 1 2 3
log log
2 2 1
+
=
46
RAMKI
or ,
x x
x
2 1 2 3
2 2 1
+
=
or
( )
2
x x
2 4.2 5 0 =
or, ( )( )
x x
2 5 2 1 0 + =
as, 2
x
+1
=
0
x
2 5 0 =
or,
x
2 5 =
or, x = log
2
5
31. Let c.d of the A.P. a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ---------a
2n-1
, a
2n
is d
a
2
- a
1
= a
4
a
3
= ---------- = a
2n
-a
2n-1
=d
Now
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 2n 1 2n
a a a a ...... a a
= - d
1 2 3 4
(a a a a + + + + ............+a
2n-1
+a
2n
)
( ) ( )
1 2n 1 2n
2n
d a a d a a n
2
= + = +
or,
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 2n 1 2n
a a a a ...... a a
=
( )( )
2n 1 1 2n
a a a a n
2n 1
+
=
( )
2 2
1 2n
a a n
2n 1
32. As A.M.
>
G.M.
1
6
b c c a a b
c b c a a b
c b a c b a
6 b c a c b a
+ + + + +
| |
>
|
\ .
or,
2 2 2 2 2 2
b c c a a b
6
bc ca ab
| | + + +
+ + >
|
\ .
or, ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c b c a c a b 6abc + + + + + >
minimum value of ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c b c a c a b + + + + + is 6 abc
according to question labc =
6abc
l= 6
33. As a, b, c,d, e, f, are (+) ve
(a+f) (b +e) (c+d) > 0
So, X > 0 ...........(1)
As A. M.
>
G.. M.

( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( )
1
3
a f b e c d
a f b e c d
3
+ + + + +
( > + + +

or,
3
3
x
3
s
or, x
s
1................(2)
from (1) and (2) 0 < x
s
1
RAMKI
34. By weightage mean
3 4
a b
3 4
a b 3 4
7
7 3 4
| | | |
+
| |
| | | | \ . \ .
>
| |
\ . \ .
or,
3 4
3 4
a b a b
7
7 3 4
+
>
or,
3 4
3 4
a b 1
7
7 3 4
s
or,
3 4
3 4 7
a b 1
3 4 7
s
or, a
3
b
4

s
3 4
7
3 4
7
greatest value of a
3
b
4
is
3 4
7
3 4
7
35. (A) a, b, c, are in H.P.
, ,
1 1 1
a b c
are in A.P. .
multiply each term by a +b+c then substract 2 from each term we get
, ,
b c a a c b a b c
a b c
+ + +
are in A.P. .
or,
, ,
a b c
b c a a c b a b c + + +
are in H.P. .
(B) as, a, b, c are in H.P.
2ac
b
a c
=
+
.....(1)
Now, b - a =

=
+ +
( ) ac 2a a c a
a c a c
( )
1 a c
b a a c a
+
=

similarly
( )
1 a c
b c c a c
+
=

1 1 a c 2
b a b c ac b
+
+ = =

(From (1))

, ,
1 1 1
b a b b c
are in A.P. .
(C) as a, b, c are in H.P.
2ac
b
a c
=
+
48
RAMKI
b ac
2 a c
=
+
-----(i)
2
b a
a
2 a c
=
+
and
2
b c
c
2 a c
=
+
2 2
b b ac b
a c
2 2 a c 2
| | | | | | | |
= =
| | | |
+
\ . \ . \ . \ .
Hence
, ,
b b b
a c
2 2 2

are in G.P. .
(D) as a, b, c are in H.P.
, ,
1 1 1
a b c
are in A.P. .
Multiply each term by a + b +c than substract 1 from each term we get
, ,
b c a c a b
a b c
+ + +
are in A.P. .
or,
, ,
a b c
b c c a a b + + +
are in H.P. .
36. Ans:A-q, B-p, C-r, D-r
0 3 0 0 o+|+ = | = | =
\ c = 0
Also, (a + g) b + ag = b
( )
2
b 0 = o o = o <
Thus,
2 2 2 2 2
b c b 0 and b c b 0 = > + = >
Practice Questions
37.
2
3
T ar 4 = = ----------(i)
1 2 3 4 5
T.T .T .T .T = a.ar.ar
2
.ar
3
.ar
4

( )
5
5 10 2 5
a r ar 4 = = = , from (i)
38.
2ac
b
a c
=
+
and
2bd
c
b d
=
+
( )( )
2ac 2bd
a c b d . 4ad
b c
+ + = =
ab bc cd 3ad + + =
39. S = a + ar + ar
2
+ ar
2
+ ... + ar
n-1
i.e. n terms
RAMKI
( )
( )
n
a 1 r
S
1 r
..... (i)
\ P = product = a. ar. ar
2
....ar
n1
( ) n n 1 / 2 n 1 2 3 4 5 ....n 1 n
a r a .r
+ + + + +
= =
( ) n n 1 2 2n
p a r

=
..... (ii)
2 3 n 1
1 1 1 1 1
R ....
a ar ar ar ar

= + + + + +
(n terms)
( )
( )
n
n
n 1
1
1
r 1
1 1 r
R .
a 1 1/ r r 1 ar

| |
|

\ .
= =

..... (iii)
( ) ( )
( )
( )
n
n 1 n 1 2
n
1 r
r 1
S
a. . .ar a r
R 1 r r 1

= =

by (i) and (ii).
| |
( )
n
n n 1 2n 2
S/ R a r p
= = by (ii)
40.
p 1
p
T AR x
= =
logx logA (p 1)logR = +
Similary write log y , log z
Multiply by q r, r p and p q and add we get,
( ) ( ) ( ) q r logx r p logy p q logz 0 + + =
41. L.C.M. of 2 and 5 is 10.
Numbers divisible by 2 will contain numbers which are also divisible by 10. Similarly numbers divisible by
5 will contain numbers which are also divisible by 10. Thus the number divisible by 10 will occur twice.
Hence we can
write S = S
2
+ S
5
S
10
Now, S
2
=
2.50.51
2550
2
=
by
( ) n n 1
n
2
+
E =
Similarly, S
5
= 1050, S
10
= 550
S = S
2
+ S
5
S
10
= 2550 + 1050 550 = 3050
50
RAMKI
42. ( ) ( )
0
n
S 2n 4 n 2 180
2
t
= =
(formula for polygon)
a = 120
0
, d = 5
0
( )
n
n
S [2a n 1 d]
2
= +
for A.P..
2
n 25n 144 0 + =
n = 9, 16
But when n = 16 then T
16
= 195
0
which is not possible
n = 9 only
43. . ( )
n n n 1
t S S P n 1 Q
= = +
or ( )
n
t nQ P Q = + (linear) \ A.P..
d = coeff. of n = Q and a = P for n = 1

44.
1 2 3 n
a ,a ,a ........a are in H.P. .
1 2 3 n
1 1 1 1
, , ......
a a a a
are in A.P. .
Multiply each term by
1 2 3
a a a + + + ........ +
n
a then substract 1 from each term
we get
2 3 n 1 3 n 1 2 n 1
1 2 n
a a .... a a a .... a a a .... a
, ,.....
a a a
+ + + + + + + + +
are in A.P. .
1 2
2 3 n 1 3 n
a a
,
a a .... a a a ... a
+ + + + + +
,.....
n
1 2 n 1
a
a a .... a

+ + +
in H.P. .
45. a, A, b in A.P.
2A a b = +
.......... (i)
and a, G, b in G.P.
2
G ab =
.......... (ii)
Solving equation (i) and (ii)
we get a & b equal to A
2 2
A G
46. We can write the given equation as
1 1 1 1
1 ...........
2 4 8 16
2
log x 4
+ + + + + | |
=
|
\ .
( )
2 2 4
2
log x 4 x 2 x 4 = = =
RAMKI
47. Let numbers be a & b
a,a,b in G.P. and a, p, q, b in A.P..
2
a ab =
& p a = q p = b q
we get a = 2p q & b = 2q p
so a
2
= (2p q) (2q p)
48. on putting n = 0, we get
a b
2
+
49. We can write the sum upto (2n + 1) terms as
[a + (a + d)] (d) + [(a + 2d) + (a + 3d)] (d) + ....... [(a +(2n 2) d) + (a + (2n 1 d]
(d) + (a + 2nd)
2
= (d) [a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ........ + a + (2n 1) d] + (a + 2nd)
2
( ) ( ) { } ( )
2 2n
d a a 2n 1 d a 2nd
2
= + + + +
= 2nad n (2n 1)d
2
+ a
2
+ 4n (ad) + 4n
2
d
2
= a
2
+ 2nad + n (2n + 1) d
2
50. We have
2
n+10
= 2.2
2
+ 3.2
3
+ 4.2
4
+ ....... + n.2
n
( ) ( )
n 10 3 4 n n 1
2 2 2.2 3.2 ........ n 1 .2 n.2
+ +
= + + + +
Subtracting, we get
n 10 2 3 4 n n 1
2 2.2 2 2 ...... 2 n2
+ +
= = + + + +
( )
n 2
n 1
8 2 1
8 n.2
2 1
= +
( )
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
8 2 8 n.2 2 n 2
+ + + +
= + =
10
2 2n 2 n 513 = =
51. Using
A.M. G.M >
1/ 3
1 a b c a b c a b c
3
3 b c a b c a b c a
( | | | | | | | |
+ + > + = >
| | | | (
\ . \ . \ . \ .
52.
sin x
.cos x, tan x
6
are in G.P. .
2
sin x. tan x
cos x
6
=
52
RAMKI
3 2
6cos x cos x 1 0 + =
Put cos x = t
3 2
6t t 1 0 + =
( ) ( )
2
2t 1 3t 2t 1 0 + + =
As the quadratic factor has imaginary roots.
\ t = 1/2 i.e.., cos x = 1/2
x 2k
3
t
= + t
53. For non-zero solution
1 2a a
2ac
1 3a b 0 b
a c
1 4c c
= =
+
Hence a, b, c are in H.P. if abc
=
0.
If abc = 0, then a = b = c = 0
54.
2 3
2
x 2 x 10 1
x 2,
x 2 x 2
+ +
= =
+
Given G.P. becomes
2, 6, 18, 45,... or
1 9 81 729
, , , .....
2 4 8 16
Next term is
729
16
or 54.
55. ( )
2
n
n
S 2a n 1 d a bn cn
2
' ( = + = + +

( )
2
n n 1 d
na a bn cn
2
' + = + +
2
2
d n d
a n a bn cn
2 2
| |
' + = + +
|
\ .
On comparing coefficient, we get
d d
a 0,b a ,c
2 2
' = = =
56. Take a = 1, b = 2. c = 3 (As a, b, c are in A.P.)
We get,
bx 1
2
+
is G.M. of
ax 1
2
+
and
cx 1
2
+
for x
=
0.
RAMKI
57. Ans: (B)
Sol. Let a, ar, ar
2
be the sides of right triangle
\ a
2
+ (ar)
2
= (ar
2
)
2
4 2
r r 1 0 =
Let r
2
= x
x
2
x 1 = 0
1 5
x
2
=
2 2
1 5 1 5
r r
2 2
| |
+
= =
|
|
\ .
r can take only two values

A is true
Also
r 1 =
, because a, a, a can not be the sides of right triangle , therefore either r is
greater than one or less than one.
58.
Ans :(B)
Sol Assertion A is false , since each term of the series
..........
6 6 6 6
1 1 1 1
10 10 10 10
+ + + +
is
smaller than 10
5
, but its sum upto infinity is infinity
Reason R is false, since
5
n
10
is not finite as n
59. Statement -1 Co-efficient of x
49
is , equal to
1 + 2 + 3 +........+ 50 =
=
50 51
25 51
2
=1275
Statement (2) is correct and correct explanation for statement (1)
60. . Let terms of G.P. are
a
,a,ar
r
Given
a
a ar s
r
+ + = o
or
2
1 r r
a
r
| | + +
|
\ .
= as ..... (i)
and
2
2 2 2 2
2
a
a a r s
r
+ + =
or
4 2
2 2
2
r r 1
a s
r
| | + +
=
|
\ .
...... (ii)
54
RAMKI
on squaring (i) & dividing by (ii)
we get .
2
2
2
r r 1
r r 1
+ +
= o
+
....... (iii)
. by (iii), ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
r 1 r 1 1 0 o + + o + o =
Since increasing G.P. D 0 >
2
1
3
3
< o <
61. If
2
2 o =
then
2 2
r r 1 2r 2r 2 + + = +
3 5
r
2
+
=
62. If
2
3 o =
2 2
r r 1 3r 3r 3 + + = +
2
2r 4r 2 0 + = r 1 =
63. A-r, B-p, C-s, D-q
Sol: A) ( )
3
r
1
t r 1
8
= +
( )
n n n 1
3
3
r
r 1 r 1 r 1
1 1 1
t r 1 r
8 8 8
+
= = =
= + =

( ) ( )
2 2 1 1
n 1 n 2
32 8
= + +
B) t
r
= r (r + 1)
2
= r
3
+ 2r
2
+ r
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n
2
2
r
r 1
1 1 1
t n n 1 n n 1 2n 1 n n 1
4 3 2
=
= + + + + + +
( ) ( )
2
1
n n 1 3n 11n 10
12
= + + +
( )( ) ( )
1
n n 1 n 2 3n 5
12
= + + +
C) t
r
= r (n
2
r
2
)
n n n
2 3
r
r 1 r 1 r 1
t n r r
= = =
| |
=
|
\ .

RAMKI
( ) ( )
2
2
2
n 1
n 1 n n n 1
2 4
= + +
( )
2 2
1
n n 1
4
=
D) t
r
= (3r 1) (3r + 2) = 9r
2
+ 3r 2
( )( ) ( )
n
r
r 1
9 3
t n n 1 2n 1 n n 1 2n
6 2
=
= + + + +
( )( )
3
n n 1 2n 1 1 2n
2
= + + +
= 3n (n
2
+ 2n + 1) 2n
= (3n
2
+ 6n + 1)n
64. A-s, B-r, C-q, D-p
Sol: A) 5
2+4+6 + ........ 2x =
(25)
28
( ) x x 1 56
5 5
+
=
2
x x 56 0 x 7as x 0 + = = >
B)
( )
5 5
5
1/ 4
2log x log log 0.2
1 1/ 2
| |
=
|
\ .
5
5
1 1
log log
2 5
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
5
5
5
1
log
2
log 4
log 5
| |
|
\ .
= =
x 2 =
C)
( )
2.5
1/ 3
log x log log 0.16
1 1/ 3
| |
=
|
\ .
= log
5/2
(1/2) log (2/5)
2
= log 4
x 4 =
D)
( ) ( )
2
x
2 5
1/ 3
3
1 1/ 3 1 1/ 5
=

56
RAMKI
( ) ( )
x 3
1 1
3 5
2 2
=
3
x 3 log 5 =
LEVEL-II
Model Questions
1. In a G.P., T
2
+ T
5
= 216 and T
4
: T
6
= 1:4 and all terms are integers, then its first term is
(A) 16 (B) 14
(C) 12 (D) none
2. If
1 2 3 n
a ,a ,a ,..a be an A.P. of non-zero terms then
1 2 2 3 n 1 n
1 1 1
...
a a a a a a
+ + +
=
(A)
1 n
a
a a
(B)
1 n
n
a a
(C)
1 n
n 1
a a
(D) none
3. If the ratio of sum of m terms and n terms of an A.P. be m
2
: n
2
, then the ratio of its m
th
and n
th
terms will
be
(A) 2m 1 : 2n 1 (B) M : n
(C) 2m + 1 : 2n + 1 (D) none
4. The ratio between the sum of n terms of two A.P.s is 3n + 8 : 7 n + 15. Then the ratio between their 12
th
terms is
(A) 5 : 7 (B) 7 : 16
(C) 12 : 11 (D) none
5. If A.M. between two numbers is 5 and their G.M. is 4, then the H.M. will be:
a)
16
5
b)
14
5
c)
11
5
d) none of these
6. The A.M. between two numbers b and c is a and the two G.M.s between them are g
1
and g
2
. If
g
1
3
+ g
2
3
= k abc, then k is equal to
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
7. Between 1 and 31 are inserted m arithmetic means, so that the ratio of the 7th and (m 1)th means is
5 : 9. Then the value of m is
a) 12 b) 13 c) 14 d) 15
RAMKI
8. If the A.M. and G.M. of two numbers are 13 and 12 respectively then the two numbers are
a) 8, 12 b) 8, 18 c) 10, 18 d) 12, 18
9. Sum to n terms of the series
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
..........
1 x 1 2x 1 2x 1 3x 1 3x 1 4x
+ + +
+ + + + + +
is
(A)
( ) ( )
nx
1 x 1 nx + +
(B)
( ) ( )
n
1 x 1 n 1 x ( + + +

(C)
( ) ( ) ( )
x
1 x 1 n 1 x + +
(D) none of these
10.
n 1
1
(n 1) (n 2) (n 3)....(n k)
=
+ + + +
is equal to
(A)
1
(k 1) k 1
(B)
1
k k
(C)
1
(k 1) k
(D)
1
k
11. Sum of the series
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
S 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 .........
2 3 4
= + + + + + + + + + +
upto 20 terms is
(A) 110 (B) 111
(C) 115 (D) 116
12. The sum of first n terms of the series
1
2
+ 2 2
2
+ 3
2
+ 2 4
2
+ 5
2
+ 2 6
2
+ ........... is n (n + 1)
2
/2 when n is even. When n is odd the sum of
the series is
(A) n
2
(3n + 1)/4 (B)
( )
2
n 1
n
2
+
(C) n
3
(n 1)/2 (D) none of these
58
RAMKI
( ) =
+
n
r 1
r
r 1 !
is
(A)
1
1
n!
(B)
( )
1
1
n 1 !
+
(C)
( )
1
2
n 1 !
+
(D) none of these
14. If 2p + 3q + 4r = 15, the maximum value of p
3
q
5
r
7
will be
(A) 2180 B)
4 5
15
5 .3
2
(C)
5 7
17
5 .7
2 .9
(D) 2285
15 If a
1
, a
2
, ... a
n
are positive real numbers whose product is a fixed number c, then the minimum value of a
1
+ a
2
+ ... a
n1
+ 2a
n
is
(A) n(2c)
1/n
(B) (n + 1)c
1/n
(C) 2nc
1/n
(D) (n + 1) (2c)
1/n
16. If a
1
, a
2
, ............ a
n
are in H.P. and d be the common difference of the corresponding A.P. then the
expression a
1
a
2
+ a
2
a
3
+ ......... + a
n1
a
n
is equal to
(A)
1 n
a a
d
(B) (n 1) (a
1
a
n
)
(C) n (a
1
a
n
) (D) (n 1)a
1
a
n
17.
2n
n 0
For 0 , if x cos ,
2
=
t
< | < = |
2n 2n 2n
n 0 n 0
y sin , z cos sin , then

= =
= | = | |

(A) xyz = xz + y (B) xyz = xy + z
(C) xyz = x + y + z (D) xyz = yz + x
18. If a, b, c are in H.P. , then the expression
1 1 1 1 1 1
E
b c c c a b
| || |
= + +
| |
\ .\ .
equals
(A)
2
2 1
bc b
(B)
2 2
1 3 2 1
4 ca c a
| |
+
|
\ .
(C)
2
3 2
ab b

(D) none of these
RAMKI
19. Three positive numbers form a GP. If the middle number is increased by 8, the three numbers form an AP.
If the last number is also increased by 64 along with the previous increase in the middle number, the
resulting numbers form a GP again. Then
(A) common ratio = 3 (B) first number = 4/9
(C) common ratio = 5 (D) first number = 4
20. Let the harmonic mean and the geometric mean of two positive numbers be in the ratio
4 : 5. Then the two numbers are in the ratio
(A) 1 : 4 (B) 4 : 1
(C) 3 : 4 (D) 4 : 3
21. Between two unequal numbers, if a
1
, a
2
are two AMs; g
1
, g
2
are two GMs and h
1
, h
2
are two HMs then
g
1
.g
2
is equal to
(A) a
1
h
1
(B) a
1
h
2
(C) a
2
h
2
(D) a
2
h
1
22. If a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ............... are in A.P. with common difference d, then
tan
n
1
r r 1 r 1
d
1 a a
+ =
| |
|
+
\ .
equals
(A)
+
+
| |
|
+
\ .
tan
1 n 1 1
n 1 1
a a
1 a a
(B)
+
| |
|
+
\ .
tan
1
n 1 1
nd
1 a a
(C) tan
1
a
n+1
tan
1
(a
1
) (D) p/ 2
23. Let a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ........ be terms of an A.P.
If
2
1 2 p
6
2
1 2 q 21
a a ............. a
a p
, p q then
a a .......... a a q
+ + +
= =
+ + +
must be
(A) less than 1 (B)
2
7
(C)
11
41
(D)
7
2
24. The sum of the series 1 + 2.2 + 3.2
2
+ 4.2
3
+ 4.2
3
+ .......... + 100. 2
99
(A) is more than 2
106
(B) is 99.2
100
+ 1
(C) is 100.2
100
+ 1 (D) is 99.2
99
+ 1
25. Let the sum of the series
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 2 1 2 ......... n
...........
1 1 2 1 2 .......... n
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + +
upto n terms be
S
n
,n = 1, 2, 3, ........... Then S
n
cannot be greater than
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
60
RAMKI
(Assertion Reason Type Questons )
26. Let a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ........... be a sequence of real numbers such that sum to n terms of the sequence is
( )
n 1
n 2 2 n N
+
e
STATEMENT-1 : If t
r
= a
r
/2
r
, then t
1
, t
2
, t
3
........... forms an A.P.
STATEMENT-2 : If T
r
= r/a
r
, then T
1
, T
2
, T
3
, ........... forms a G.P.
27. STATEMENT-1 : If a, b, c are three positive real numbers such that
a c b + =
and
1 1 1 1
0
a a b c c b
+ + + =

then a, b, c are in H.P..
because
STATEMENT-2 : If a, b, c are distinct positive real numbers such that
a (b c)x
2
+ b (c a) xy + c (a b)y
2
is a perfect square, then a, b, c are in H.P.
28. Let a, b, c be three positive real numbers which are in H.P.
STATEMENT-1 :
a b c b
4
2a b 2c b
+ +
+ >

because
STATEMENT-2 : If x > 0, then
1
x 4
x
+ >
P
2931
Suppose x
1
, x
2
be the roots of ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 and x
3
, x
4
be the roots of px
2
+ qx + r = 0.
29. If 1 2
3 4
1 1
x , x , ,
x x
are in A.P. , then
2
2
b 4ac
q 4pr
equals
(A) a
2
/r
2
(B) b
2
/q
2
(C) c
2
/p
2
(D) a
2
/p
2
30. If a, b, c are in G.P. as well as x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
are in G.P. then p, q, r are in
(A) A.P. (B) G.P.
(C) H.P. (D) A.G.P.
31. If x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
are in G.P., then its common ratio is
(A)
1/ 4
ar
cp
| |
|
\ .
(B)
1/ 3
cr
ap
| |
|
\ .
(C)
cr
ap
(D)
ap
bq
RAMKI
P
3234
For k,n N e , we define
B (k, n) = 1.2.3 ...... k + 2.3.4 ...... (k + 1) + ........ + n (n + 1) ........ (n + k 1), S
0
(n) = n
and S
k
(n) = 1
k
+ 2
k
+ ...... + n
k
To obtain value of B (k, n), we rewrite B (k, n) as follows:
( )
k k 1 k 2 n k 1
B k,n k! .........
k k k k
( + + + | | | | | | | |
= + + + +
( | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

( ) ( ) n n 1 ........ n k n k
k!
k 1 k 1
+ + + | |
= =
|
+ +
\ .
32. S
3
(n) + 3S
2
(n) equals
(A) B (3, n) (B) B (3, n) 2B (2, n)
(C) B (3, n) 2B (1, n) (D) B (3, n) + 2B (1, n)
33.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
k k 1 1 0
k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1
S n S n ........... S n S n
1 2 k k 1
+ + + + | | | | | | | |
+ + + +
| | | |
+
\ . \ . \ . \ .
equals
(A) (n + 1)
k
(B) (n + 1)
k
1
(C) n
k
(n 1)
k
(D) (n + 1)
k
(n 1)
k
34.
( ) ( )
n
2
k 1
k k 1 k 2
=
+ +
(A)
1
20
n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (4n + 15)
(B)
1
20
n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (2n + 12)
(C)
1
20
n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (2n + 13)
(D)
1
20
n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (n + 14)
This section contains 2questions. Each question contains statements given in two column which have to be
matched. Statements (A, B, C, D) in Column I have to be matched with statements (p, q, r, s) in Column II. The
answers to these questions have to be appropriately bubbles as illustrated in the following example.If the correct
matches are Ap, As, Bq, Br, Cp, Cq and Ds, then the correctly bubbled 4 4 matrix should be as follows
:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
62
RAMKI
35. Match the conditions for the equation ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d = 0 having roots in A.P.
Column I Column II
(A) AP (P) b
3
d = ac
3
(B) GP (Q) 27ad
3
= abcd
2
2c
3
d
(C) HP (R) 2b
3
9abc + 27a
2
d = 0
(D) 3a = b +g (S) 4ad -bc = 0
(T) ad + bc
36. If n > 1 Sum of all the terms in the nth row of the triangle
Column I Column II
(A) 1 (p) n
3
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
(B) 1 (q) ( )
2
1
n n 1
2
+
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
(C) 1 (r) 2
n1
3 5
7 9 11A
13 15 17 19
(D) 1
2
(s)
2n2
C
n2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
2
1
2
Practice Questions
37. If the p
th
, q
th
and r
th
terms of an A.P. be a, b,c respectively, then
( ) ( ) ( ) a q r b r p c p q + + =
(A) 0 (B) 2
(C) p + q + r (D) pqr
RAMKI
38. If
n n n
n 0 n 0 n 0
x a ,y b , z c

= = =
= = =
where a, b, c are in A.P. such that |a| <1, |b| < 1and
\|c| < 1, then x, y, z are in
(A) A.P. (B) G.P.
(C) H.P. (D) None of these
39. log
3
2, log
6
2, log
12
2 are in
(A) A.P. (B) G.P.
(C) H.P. (D) none
40. In a G.P. if the (m + n)
th
term be p and (m n)
th
term be q, then its m
th
term is
(A) ( ) pq (B) ( ) p / q
(C) ( ) q/ p (D) p/q
41. If the roots of the equation
x
3
12x
2
+ 39x 28 = 0 are in A.P., then their common difference will be
(A)
1
(B)
2
(C)
3
(D)
4
42. If a, b, c, d are nonzero real numbers such that (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) (b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
)
s
(ab + bc + cd)
2
, then a, b, c,
d are in
(A) AP (B) GP
(C) HP (D) none of these
43. Value of
( )
0.25
2 3
1 1 1
log ......... upto
3 3 3 y 0.36
| |
+ + +
|
\ . =
is
(A) 0.9 (B) 0.8
(C) 0.6 (D) 0.25
44. Let a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ... be in AP and a
p
, a
q
, a
r
be in GP. Then a
q
: a
p
is equal to
(A)
r p
q p
(B)
q p
r q
(C)
r q
q p
(D) none of these

45. Three distinct real numbers a, b, c are in G.P. such that a + b + c = x b, then
(A) 0 < x < 1 (B) 1 < x < 3
(C) x < 1 or x > 3 (D) 1 < x < 2
64
RAMKI
46. If x = 1 + y + y
2
+ y
3
+..... to
, then y is
(A)
( )
x
x 1
(B)
( )
x
1 x
(C)
x 1
x
(D)
1 x
x
47. If exp. {(sin

2
x + sin
4
x + sin
6
x + .... in f) log
e
2} satisfies the equation x
2
9x + 8 = 0, t hen the value of
cosx
,0 x
cosx sinx 2
t
< <
+
is
(A) ( )
1
3 1
2
+
(B) ( )
1
3 1
2

48. If x, y, z are in G.P., a
x
= b
y
= c
z
, then
(A) log
c
b = log
a
c (B) log
1
c = log
b
c
(C) log
a
b=log
c
b (D) log
b
a = log
c
b
49. The rth, sth and t
th
terms of a certain G.P. are R, S and T respectively, then the value of
R
s t
.
S
tr
. T
r s
is
(A) 0 (B) 1
50. The greatest value of x
2
y
3
z
4
, (if x + y + z = 1, x, y, z > 0) is
(A)
9
5
2
3
(B)
10
15
2
3
(C)
15
10
2
3
(D) none of these
51. If a, b and c are three positive real numbers, then the minimum value of the expression
b c c a a b
a b c
+ + +
+ +
is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 6
52. If
n n n
n 0 n 0 n 0
x a , y b , z c ,

= = =
= = =
where a, b, c are in A.P and |a| < 1, |b| < 1, |c| < 1 then x, y, z
(A) are all more than 1 (B) are all less than 1
(C) are in G.P. (D) are in H.P.
RAMKI
53. If
2 3
1 1 1
S ........ upto
3 3 3
= + + +
, then
(A)
( )
( )
2
log S
0.25 4 = (B)
( )
( )
5
log S
0.008 8 =
(C)
( )
( )
5
log S
0.008 4 = (D)
( )
( )
2
log S
0.25 8 =
54. The sum of the first n terms of the series
( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
n n 1
1 2.2 3 2.4 5 2.6 ..........is
2
+
+ + + + + + ,
when n is even. When n is odd, the sum is
(A)
( )
2
n n 1
2
+
(B)
( )
2
2
n 1 n
2
+
(C) even, if odd n of the type 4 l + 1. (D) even, if the odd n is of the type 4l + 3
55. The value of
n
r 1
1
a rx a (r 1)x
=
+ + +
is
(A)
n
a a nx + +
(B)
a nx a
x
+
(C)
n( a nx a)
x
+
(D) none of these
56. If positive numbers a, b, c, d are in harmonic progression and
a b =
, then
(A) a + d > b + c is always true (B) a + b > c + d is always true
(C) a + c > b + d always true (D) ad > bc
(Assertion Reason Type Questions )
57. STATEMENT-1 : There exists no A.P. whose three terms are 3, 5 and 7
because
STATEMENT-2 : If t
p
, t
q
and t
r
are three distinct terms of an
A.P., then
r p
q p
t t
t t
is a rational number
66
RAMKI
58. STATEMENT-1 : There exists an A.P. whose three terms are 2, 3, 5
STATEMENT-2 : There exists distinct real number p, q, r satisfying
( ) ( ) 2 A p 1 d, 3 A q 1 d = + = +
( ) 5 A r 1 d = +
59. STATEMENT-1 : The sum of an infinite A.G.P.
a + (a + d) x + (a + 2d) x
2
+ (a + 3d) x
3
+ ........... where |x| < 1 always exist
STATEMENT-2 : The sum of the infinite series a + ar + ar
2
+ ............. converges if |r| < 1.
P
6062
Sum of the following three series is given
1 1 1 1
1 ............. log2
2 3 4 5
+ + =
(1)
1 1 1 1 1
1 .............
3 5 7 9 11 2 2
t
+ + + =
(2)
1 1 1 1
1 .............
3 5 7 9 4
t
+ + =
(3)
60.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
1 2 .............
3 5 7 9 11 13
| |
+ + + |
|
\ .
is
(A)
2
t
(B)
1
2
t

(C)
4
t
(D)
1
4
t
+
61. Sum of series
1 1 1 1
1 ............upto
7 9 15 17
+ +
is
(A)
2
t
(B) ( )
1 2
8
t
+
(C)
1
4 2
t

(D)
4 2
t
RAMKI
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 .......... upto
2 3 4 5 6 7
+ + +
is
(A)
log 2
4
t

(B)
log 2
4
t
+
(C) p log 2 (D) p + log 2
63. Let a, b, c, p > 1 and q > 0. Suppose a, b, c are in G.P.
Column I Column II
(A) log
p
a, log
p
b, log
p
c are in (p) G.P.
(B) log
a
p, log
b
p, log
c
p are in (q) A.G.P.
(C) a log
p
c, b log
p
b, c log
p
a (r) H.P.
(D)
q
loga
a
p
, q
logb

b
p
, q
logc

c
p
are in (s) A.P.
64. Match the following, if f(n) denotes the sum of the series
1
2
+ 2.2
2
+ 3
2
+ 2.4
2
+ 5
2
+ 2.6
2
+ . Upto n terms, then
Column I Column II
(A) f(49) (p)
2
1
(49) .50
2
(B) f(50) (q) 25(51)
2
(C) f(51) (r)
2
1
(51) 52
2
(D) f(52) (s) 26(53)
2
(t) ( )
2. 1
50 49
2
68
RAMKI
LEVEL-II
(ANSWER KEY)
1-C 2-C 3-A 4-B 5-A 6-B
7-C 8-B 9-B 10-C 11-C 12-B
13-B 14-C 15-A 16-A,D 17-B,C 18-A,B,C
19-A,D 20-A,B 21-B,D 22-A,B,C 23-A,B 24-A,B
25-C,D 26-C 27-C 28-C 29-A 30-B
31-A 32-C 33-B 34-A
35. A P BQ C R DS
36 A Q BR CP DS
37-A 38-C 39-C 40-A 41-C 42-B
43-C 44-C 45-C 46-C 47-B 48-D
49-B 50-B 51-D 52-A,D 53-A,B 54-A,D
55-A,B 56-A,D 57-A,B 58-B 59-A 60-C
61-B 62-A 63. A S BR C Q
DP 64- A P BQ CR DS
HINTS AND SOLUTIONS
LEVEL-II
1. ( )
3
ar 1 r 216 + = and
3
5
ar 1
4 ar
=
2
r 4 r 2, 2 = =
when r = 2 then 2a (9) = 216 a 12 =
when r = 2, then 2a (1 8) = 216
216 108
a
14 7
= =
, which is not an integer..
RAMKI
2.
2 1
1 2 1 2 1 2
a a 1 1 d
a a a a a a
= =
1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1
a a d a a
(
=
(

2 3 2 3
1 1 1 1
a a d a a
...................................
...................................
(
=
(

n 1 n n 1 n
1 1 1 1
a a d a a

(
=
(

whence by addition, we get
n 1
1 n 1 n
a a 1 1 1 1
S
d a a d a a
( (
= =
( (

( ) ( )
1 n 1 n
n 1 d n 1
1
d a a a a

= =
3. .
2
m
2
n
S m
S n
=
m n
2 2
S S
k
m n
= =
(say)
( )
( )
2
2
m m m 1
2
2
n n n 1
k m m 1
T S S
T S S
k n n 1

= =
(

=
2m 1
2n 1
4.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
n
n
n/ 2 [2a n 1 d] S
S n/ 2 2a n 1 d
+
=
' ' ' ( +

=
3n 8
7n 15
+
+
or,
n 1
a d
2
n 1
a d
2
| |
+
|
\ .
| |
' ' +
|
\ .
=
3n 8
7n 15
+
+
...(i)
We have to find
12
12
T a 11d
T a 11d
+
=
' ' ' +
70
RAMKI
Choosing (n 1) / 2 = 11 or n = 23 in (i)
we get,
12
12
T 7
T 16
=
'
5. Let numbers are a and b.
given that
a b
5 a b 10
2
+
= + =
&
ab ab 16 = =
and
2ab 2 16 16
H.M.
a b 10 5
= = =
+
6. b, a, c are in
A.P. 2a b c = +
and b, g
1
, g
2
, c are in G.P.
2 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 2 1
g g g g c
or b, c
b g g g g
= = = =
& g
1
g
2
= bc
k 2 =
7.
( ) ( )
1 7d 5 31 1
& d
1 m 1 d 9 m 1
+
= =
+ +
on solving we get m = 14
8. Let numbers are a and b
given that
a b
13 & ab 12
2
+
= =
solving these we get numbers 8, 18
9. If t
r
denotes the nth term of the series, then
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
r
x 1 1
xt
1 rx 1 r 1 x 1 rx 1 r 1 x
= =
+ + + + + +
( )
n n
r
r 1 r 1
1 1
x t
1 rx 1 r 1 x
= =
(
=
(
+ + +
(

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 nx
1 x 1 n 1 x 1 x 1 n 1 x
= =
+ + + + + +
( ) ( )
n
r
r 1
n
t
1 x 1 n 1 x
=
=
( + +


RAMKI
10.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n
1
T
n 1 n 2 n 3 ...... n k
=
+ + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n 1
1
v
n 1 n 2 n 3 ..... n k 2 n k 1
=
+ + + + +
( ) ( ) ( )
n n 1
1 1 1
v v
n 2 n 3 .... n k 1 n k n 1
(
=
(
+ + + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 k
n 1 n 2 n 3 ...... n k 1 n k
=
+ + + + +
( )
n n 1 n
v v 1 k T
=
( )
n n n 1
1 k T v v

=
( )
1 1 0
1 k T v v =
( )
2 2 1
1 k T v v =
( )
3 3 2
1 k T v v =
...............................
( )
n n n 1
1 k T v v

=
_________________
Adding (1 k) S
n
=
n 0
v v
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
n
1 1
or 1 k s
n 1 n 2 ....... n k 1.2.3......k
=
+ + +
( )
Lt
n
n
1
1 k S 0
|k
=
( )
Lt
n n
1
S
k 1 |k
11. We have
( )
( ) k k 1 1 1 k 1
1 2 3 ........ k
k k 2 2
+ +
+ + + + = =
Thus, | | ( )
1 10
S 2 3 4 .........21 2 21 115
2 2
= + + + = + =
72
RAMKI
12. Let n = 2m, then
S
2m
= 1
2
+ 2 2
2
+ 3
2
+ 2 4
2
+ ............ + (2m 1)
2
+ 2 (2m)
2
= 2m (2m + 1)
2
/2 = m (2m + 1)
When n = 2m 1
1
2
+ 2 2
2
+ 3
2
+ 2 4
2
+ ........... + (2m 1)
2
= S
2m
2 (2m)
2
= m (2m + 1)
2
2 (2m)
2
= m [4m
2
+ 4m + 1 8m] = m (2m 1)
2
= n
2
(n + 1)/2
13. Let t
r
denote the rth term of the series, then
( ) ( ) ( )
r
r r 1 1 1 1
t
r 1 ! r 1 ! r ! r 1 !
+
= = =
+ + +
( ) ( )
n n
r
r 1 r 1
1 1 1
t 1
r ! r 1 ! n 1 !
= =
| |
= =
|
|
+ +
\ .

14. 2p 3q 4r 15 + + = ........ (i) given
By weighted mean
2p 3q 4r
3 5 7
3 5 7
15
| | | | | |
+ +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
3 5 7
15
2p 3q 4r
3 5 7
| | | | | |
>
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
3 5 7
3 5 7
3 5 7
2 3 4
or p q r 1
3 5 7

s

3 5 7
3 5 7
3 5 7
3 5 7
or p q r
2 3 4

s

5 7
3 5 7
17
5 7
or p q r
9.2
s
\ Maximum value of
5 7
3 5 7
17
5 7
p q r is
9.2
15
1 2 n 1 n
a a ........a .a c
= given
A.M.
>
G. M.
or,
1 2 n 1 n
n
1 2 n
a a ...... a 2a
a a ...... 2a
n
+ + + +
>
RAMKI
or,
n 1 2 n 1 n
a a ...... a 2a
2c
n
+ + + +
>
n
1 2 n 1 n
a a ..... a 2a n 2c
+ + + + >
minimum value of
1 2 n 1 n
a a .... a 2a
+ + + + is
n
n 2c
16.
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2
2 1
a a d a a a a 1 1
a a
d d a a d
| |
= = =
|
\ .
Similarly
2 3 3 4
2 3 3 4
a a a a
a a , a a
d d

= =
and so on
a
1
a
2
+ a
2
a
3
+ a
3
a
4
+ ........ + a
n1
a
n
| |
1 2 3 4 n 1 n
1
a a a a ............. a a
d

= + + +
1 n
a a
d
=
...... (i)
But
( )
n 1
n 1
1 1
a a 1 1
n 1 d d
a a n 1
= + =
Equation (i) becomes (n 1) a

1
a
n
17.
2 2
x cos ec , y sec = | = | ,
2 2
1
z
1 cos sin
=
| |
2 2
1
xy and
sin cos
=
| |
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
x y
sin cos sin cos
+ = + =
| | | |
x y xy + =
( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
x y z
sin cos 1 sin cos
+ + = + +
| | | |
( )
2 2 2 2
1 1
xyz
sin cos 1 sin cos
= =
| | | |
74
RAMKI
18. As a, b, c are in H.P., 1/a, 1/b, 1/c are in A.P.
Let the common difference of this A.P. be d Now,
2
2
1 1 1
E d d d
c c c
| || |
= + =
| |
\ .\ .
2
2 2
1 1 1 2 1
c b bc c b
| |
= =
|
\ .
Next,
2
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1
E
4 c a 4 ca c c a
| | | |
= = +
| |
\ . \ .
and
2 2
2
2 1 1 1 3 2
E
b a b a ab b
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
19. Let a, ar, ar
2
are in G.P., as per question
a, ar + 8, ar
2
are in A.P.
\ a + ar
2
= 2ar + 16 ....(i)
Also a, ar + 8, ar
2
+ 64 are in G.P.
2
ar 8 ar 64
a ar 8
+ +
=
+
ar + 4 = 4a
4
a
4 r
=
....(ii)
using (i) and (ii)
( )
2
4 1 r
8r
16
4 r 4 r
= +

1
4r
2
+ 8r

60 = 0
r = 3, 5, r
=
5
r 3 =
from equation (ii)
a = 4
20. On solving
2ab
4
a b
5 ab
+
=
as a quadratic in
a
b
,
we get
a
b
= 4, 1/4
a and b are the correct choices.
RAMKI
21. Let A,
1 2
a ,a , B be in A. P..
1
B A 2A B
a A
3 3
+
= + =
2
B A A 2B
a A 2.
3 3
+
= + =
Also A, g
1
, g
2
, B are in G.P.
3
B
r
A
=
( )
1/ 3
1
g Ar A B/ A = =
( )
2/ 3
2
2
g Ar A B/ A = =
( )
2
1 2
g g A B/ A AB = =
Also A, h
1
, h
2
, B are in H.P.
1 2
1 1 1 1
, , , are inAP
A h h B
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 A B
h A 3 B A A 3AB
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
1
1 3B A B A 2B
h 3AB 3AB
+ +
= =
1
3AB
h
A 2B
=
+
and
( )
2
3B 2 A B
1 1 2 1 1
h A 3 B A 3AB
+
| |
= + =
|
\ .
2
1 2A B
h 3AB
+
=
2
3AB
h
2A B
=
+
Obviously
1 2 1 2 2 1
g g AB a h a h = = =
22. Write d = a
2
a
1
= a
3
a
2
= ..........
and use
1 1 1
x y
tan tan x tan y
1 xy

| |
=
|
+
\ .
76
RAMKI
23.
( )
( )
1 2
1
2
1 1
p 1
p
a d
2a p 1 d
p p 2
2
q q 1 q q
2a q 1 d a d
2 2
| |
+
+ ( |

\ .
= =
| |
+ ( +
|
\ .
For
6
21
a
, put p 6, q 21
a
= =
6
21
a 2
1
a 7
= <
24. S = 1 + 2.2
1
+ 3.2
2
+ 4.2
3
+ .......... + 100. 2
99
2S = 1.2
1
+ 2.2
2
+ 3.2
3
+ .......... + 99. 2
99
+ 100 .2
100
Subtracting
S = 1 + 2
1
+ 2
2
+ 2
3
+ ......... + 2
99
100.2
100
S = (2
100
1) 100. 2
100
S = 99. 2
100
+ 1
As 99 > 26
\ S > 2
106
25. r 3 3 3
1 2 3 ......... r
T
1 2 ........... r
+ + + +
=
+ + +
( ) ( )
2 1 1
2
r r 1 r r 1
| |
=
|
|
+ +
\ .
n n
n r
r 1 r 1
1 1 1
S T 2 2 1
r r 1 n 1
= =
| | | |
= = =
| |
+ +
\ . \ .

which can not be greater than 2
26. Ans: (C)
Sol:
n n n 1
a S S

=
( ) ( )
n 1 n
n 2 2 n 3 2
+
=
( )
n n n
n.2 2 2 n 1 = =
stat. 1
( )
r
r
r r r
2 r 1 a
t r 1
2 2
= = =
1 2 3 4
t , t , t , t are in A.P. .
stat. 2
( )
r r
r
r r
T
a 2 r 1
= =
which is not in G.P..

RAMKI
27. Ans: (B)
Sol: Rewrite the given expression as
1 1 1 1
0
a c b c a b
+ + + =

( ) ( )
a c b a c b
0
a c b c a b
+ +
+ =

( ) ( )
2ac
a c b c b a b
a c
= =
+
For statement-2, put t = x/y, and write the expression as
y
2
[a (b c) t
2
+ b (c a) t + c (a b)]
t = 1 satisfies the expression within bracket. For perfect square other zero must be 1.
28. Ans: (C)
Sol:
2ac b 2c b 2a
b and
a c a a c c a c
= = =
+ + +
a b 1 b / a a 3c
2a b 2 b / a 2a
+ + +
= =

and
c b 1 b / c 3a c
2c b 2 b / c 2c
+ + +
= =

Thus,
( )
a b c b 3 c a 3
1 1 2 4
2a b 2c b 2 a c 2
+ + | |
+ > + + > + =
|

\ .
29 .
1 2
x x b / a, + =
1 2
x x c / a, =
+ =
3 4
x x q/ p,
3 4
x x r / p, =
. 2 1
4 3
1 1
x x
x x
=
( )
( )
( )
2
2
3 4
2 1 2
4 3
x x
x x
x x
=
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 1
2 2
4 3 3 4
x x
1
x x x x
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 1 1 2
2 2
3 4 3 4 3 4
x x 4x x
1
x x 4x x x x
+
=
+
On putting values we get
2 2
2 2
b 4ac a
q 4pr r
78
RAMKI
30.
4 3 2 4 2 1
1 3 1 3
x x x x x x
x x x x
+ +
= =
( )
( )
2
2
1 2 1 1 2
2 2
3 4 3
3 4
x x
x x x
x x x
x x
+
= =
+
on putting value, we get
2
q pr =
31.
2 3
2 1 3 1 4 1
x x r , x x r , x x r ' ' ' = = =
2
1 2 1
x x x r c / a ' = = ......... (i)
2 3
3 4 1
x x x r r / p ' = = ........ (ii)
dividing (ii) by (i)
1/ 4
4
ra ra
r
pc pc
| |
' =
|
\ .
= r
32 . S
3
(n) +3S
2
(n)=
( ) ( ) ( )
n n n
2
k 1 k 1 k 1
k k 3 k k 1 k 2 2 k
= = =
+ = + +

= B (3, n) 2B (1, n )
33. . ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
k 1 k 1 k 1
1 k 2 k 1 k 1
S n S n .... S n
+ + +
+ + + + ( ) ( )
k 1
k 1 0
S n
+
+
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n
k 1 k k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1
1 2 k k 1
r 1
r r ..... r
+ + + +
+
=
(
+ + + +

( ) ( )
n
k 1 k 1
k 1
r 1
[ r 1 r ] n 1 1
+ +
+
=
= + = +
34. k(k + 1) (k + 2)
2
= k (k + 1) (k + 2) (k + 3) k (k + 1) (k + 2)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n
2
r 1
k k 1 k 2 B 4,n B 3,n
=
= + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
n n 1 n 2 n 3 n 4
5
= + + + +
( ) ( ) ( )
1
n n 1 n 2 n 3
4
+ + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
n n 1 n 2 n 3 4n 11
20
= + + + +
RAMKI
35..
Ans: A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
Sol: Let the roots be in A.P. and let they be a b, a, a + b
then (a b) + a + (a + b) = b/a
a (a b) + a (a + b) + a
2
b
2
= c/a
a (a b) (a + b) = d/a
From first relation
b
3a
o =
From second relation
2 2
c
3
a
o | =
and from third relation
( )
2 2
d
a
o o | =
Since
b
3a
o =
we can easily eliminate b
2
in last two relation to get
2b
3
9abc + 27a
2
d = 0
We can similarly arrive at
36.
Ans: A-Q, B-R, C-P, D-S
Sol: A) Last term of nth row
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ........ + n = 1/2 n (n + 1)
Sum of terms in the nth row
( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
n 1
n n 1 n 1 1 n n 1
2 2
= + + = + (

B) Its Pascals triangle
\ Sum to n terms = 2
n1
C) Last term of nth row
= mth odd number where m equals ( )
1
n n 1
2
+
= n
2
+ n 1
\ Sum of terms in the nth row
( )
2 3
1
n 2n 2n 2 2 n 1 n
2
( = + =

D) Sum to nth row
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
n 1 n 1 n 1
0 1 n 1
C C .......... C

= + + +
=
2n2
C
n1
.
80
RAMKI
37. T
P
= A + ( p 1) D = a
or a = (A D) + pD etc. for b and c
Multiply by q r, r p, p q and add and use
sigma i.e. ( ) ( ) a b 0, a b c 0 E = E =
38.
1 1
x , y
1 a 1 b
= =

z =
1
1 c
1 1 1
a 1 ,b 1 ,c 1
x y z
= = =
1 1 1
1 ,1 ,1
x y z

are in AP
x, y, z are in H.P..
39. If the numbers be x, y, z then
1/x = log
2
3,1/y = log
2
2.3 = 1 + log
2
3,
1/z = log
2
(4 3) = 2 + log
2
3 which are in A.P.
x, y, z are in H.P..
40.
m n 1
m n
T ar p
+
+
= =
m n 1
m n
T ar q

= =
Multiplying
2 2m 2
a r pq
=
( )
m 1
m
T ar pq
= =
41. Sum of three numbers in A.P.
= 3a = 12
( ) ( )
2
x 4 x 8x 7 0 + =
x 1, 4,7 or 7, 4,1, d 3 = =
42. (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) (b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
)
s
(ab + bc + cd)
2
,
Solving this we get
4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
b c a c a b b d b c 2ab c 2bc d 2abcd 0 + + + + + s
or
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2
b ac c bd ad bc 0 + + s
RAMKI
\
2
b c
b ac 0
a b
= =
,
2
c d
c bd 0
b c
= =
,
d b
ab bc 0
c a
= =
\
b c d
a b c
= =
Hence a, b, c, d are in G.P..
43. We have
2 3
1 1 1 1/ 3 1
S ..........
3 1 1/ 3 2 3 3
= + + + = =
( )
( ) 1/ 2
0.25
log
y 0.36 =
( )
( )
( )
log 1/ 2
logy log 0.36
log 0.25
=
( ) ( )
log2 1
log 0.36 log 0.36
log4 2
= =
y 0.6 =
44. Let c.d = d
( )
p 1
a a p 1 d = + , ( )
q 1
a a q 1 d = + , ( )
r 1
a a r 1 d = +
as
p q r
a ,a ,a are in G.P. .
q q r
r
p q p q
a a a
a
a a a a
= =
(by law of proportions)

or
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
q 1 1 r
p q 1 1
a a q 1 d a r 1 d a
a a a p 1 d a q 1 d
+
= =
+
=
q r
p q
or
q
p
a
q r r q
a p q q p

= =

45. a + ar + ar
2
= x. ar
or, r
2
+ r (1 x) + 1 = 0, r is real
( )
2
0 i.e. 1 x 4 0 A > >
or, x
2
2x 3 > 0
or, (x + 1) (x 3) > 0
x < 1 or x > 3
82
RAMKI
46.
1
x
1 y
=
47.
2 2
2
2 2
sin x sin x
S tan x
1 sin x cos x
= = =
2
2 tan 2
tan xlog2 log2 x tan x
LHS e e 2 = = =
.... (i)
and the roots of x
2
9 x + 8 = 0 are 1 and 8
2 2
tan x 0 tan x 3
2 1 2 ,2 8 2 = = = =

2 2
tan x 0, tan x 3 = = or tanx 0, tanx 3 = =
x
3
t
=
is the only value of x s.t. 0 < x <
2
t
cos x 1 1
cos x sinx 1 tanx 1 3
= =
+ + +

( )
3 1 1
3 1
3 1 2
= =
48. x log a = y log b = z log c = k (say)

Also y
2
= xz
( )
2 2
2
k k
loga.logc
logb
=
or
loga logb
logb logc
=
or log
b
a = log
c
b
49. Let the common ratio be taken as k and a be the first term.
r 1
r
R T ak

= =
( )( ) r 1 s t s t s t
R a k

=
similarly
( )( ) s 1 t r t r t r
S a k

=
( )( ) t 1 r s r s r s
T a k

=
Multiplying the above three and knowing that
m n p m n p
A .A .A A
+ +
=
s t 1 r r s 0 0
R S T a .k 1

= =
RAMKI
50.
x y z
x y z 1 2. 3. 4. 1
2 3 4
+ + = + + =
using weighted mean
1
2 3 4
9
x y z
2. 3. 4.
x y z
2 3 4
2 3 4
9
| | | | | |
+ + | |
| | |
| | | | | |
\ . \ . \ . > |
| | |
|
\ . \ . \ .
\ .
9
2 3 4 10
2 3 4
10 3 15
1 x y z 2
x y z
9 2 3 3
| |
> s
|
\ .
51.
AM GM >
b c c a a b
a a b b c c
6
+ + + + +
( )
1/ 6
1 >
minimum value is 6
52.
1 1 1
x , y , z
1 a 1 b 1 c
= = =

as a, b, c are in A.P..
1 a, 1 b, 1 c will be in A.P.
1 1 1
. ,
1 a 1 b 1 c
will be in H.P. .
x, y, z will be in H.P.
Choice (d) is correct
As 1 < a < 1
1 a 1 x 1 < >
Similiarly , y > 1, z > 1
choice a is also correct.
53. We have
1/ 3 1
S
1 1/ 3 2
= =
Thus,
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
log S 2log 1/ 2
0.25 0.5 =
= (0.5)
2
= 4
( )
( )
( )
( )
5 5
log S 3log 1/ 2
0.008 0.2 =
5
3log 2
1
8
5
= =
84
RAMKI
54. If n is odd then n 1 is even and S
n
= S
n-1
+ n
2
( )
( )
2
2
2
n 1 n
n
n n 1
2 2
= + = +
since ( )
2
n
n 1
2
+ is even if n is of the from 4 I + 3 .
55.
n
r 1
1
a rx a (r 1)x
=
+ + +
=
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
n
r 1
a rx a r 1 x
a rx a r 1 x
=
+ +
+ +
=
( )
( )
n
r 1
1
a rx a r 1 x
x
=
+ +
= ( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
a x a a 2x a x .... a nx a n 1 x
x
(
+ + + + + + + +
(

=
a nx a
x
+
=
( )
( ) ( )
a nx a
n
x a nx a a nx a
+
=
+ + + +
56. Take
1 1 1 1
a , b , c , d
p 3q p q p q p 3q
= = = =
+ +
Then a + d > b + c easily follows
Since (a + d) (b + c)
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2p 2p 8q
2p
p 9q p q p 9q p q
(
( = =
(

Which is positive ( ) a, b, c, d 0 >
Also 2 2 2 2
1 1
ad bc
p 9q p q
=

( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
8q
0
p 9q p q
= >

RAMKI
57. Ans: (A)
Suppose 3, 5 and 7 are the pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. whose common difference is d, then
t
r
t
p
= (r p) d
and tq tp = (q p) d
r p
q p
t t
r p
t t q p

=

which is rational numbers
7 3
5 3
is a rational numbers.
( ) ( )
7 3 5 3
5 3
+
is rational
( )
35 15 21 3
2
+
is rational
35 15 21 +
is rational, say r..
Now,
35 15 21 r + =
15 21 35 r =
Squaring both sides, we get
( )( )
2
15 21 2 6 35 35 r 2r 35 + = +
2
1 r
35
12 2r
=
+
35
is rational
This is a contradiction
Hence 3, 5 and 7 cannot be three terms of an A.P. .
58. Sol. (B)
If we could show that Reason R is false, then Assertion A will also be false. Indeed if R is
true, then
( ) ( ) , 2 3 p q d 3 5 q r d = =
On dividing
2 3 p q
q r 3 5

Rational = Irrational
Both A and R are false
86
RAMKI
59. Ans: (A)
Sol.
S = a + (a + d) x + (a + 2d) x
2
+ ..........
xS = ax + (a + d) x
2
+ (a + 2d) x
3
S (1 x) = a + dx + dx
2
+ dx
3
+ ........ = a +
dx
1 x
infinite GP with common ratio x
Since |x| < 1
2
a dx
S
1 x (1 x)
= +

S is infinite and therefore converges.
60.
Sol: The given series can be written as
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 .........
3 5 7 9 11 13 4
t | |
+ + + =
|
\ .
61. Add series (2) and (3)
62. Multiply (1) by 1/2 and subtract from (3.)
63. A-S, B-R, C-Q, D-P
Sol. Since b
2
= ac
2log b = log a + log c
log a, log b, log c are in A. P..
(a)
p p p
log a,log b,log c in A.P. .
(b) Since
p p p
1 1 1
, ,
log a log b log c
in H.P. .
a b c
log p,log p,log p in H.P. .
(c) since a, b, c in G.P.
and
p p p
log c,log b,log a in A.P. .
p p p
alog c,blog c,clog a
(d) on checking given number are in G.P.
64. Case (i) : when n is an even
Let n = 2m
\ f(2m) = (1
2
+ 2.2
2
) + (3
2
+ 2.4
2
) + ........... + m terms
T
m
= (2m 1)2 + 2 [2+ (m 1)2]
2
T
m
= 4m
2
4m + 1 + 8m
2
= 12m
2
4m+1
RAMKI
( )
2
f 2m 12 m 4 m 1 = +

=
( ) ( ) ( ) m m 1 2m 1 m m 1
12 4 m
6 2
+ + +
+
or, f (2m) = m (2m + 1)
2
\ f (n) = ( )
2 n
n 1
2
+
case (ii) when n is an odd
\ (n 1) is even
So ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
n 1 n n n 1
f n n
2 2
+
= + =
( )
( )
2
n n 1
f n
2
+
=
A) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
49 49 1
1
f 49 49 .50
2 2
+
= =
B) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
50 50 1
f 50 25. 51
2
+
= =
C) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
51 51 1
1
f 51 51 .52
2 2
+
= =
D) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
52 52 1
f 52 26. 53
2
+
= =
LEVEL-III
MODEL QUESTIONS
1. If a, a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ... a
2n1
, b are in AP, a, b
1
, b
2
, b
3
..., b
2n1
, b are in GP and a, c
1
, c
2
, c
3
, ... , c
2n1
, b are in HP,
where a, b are positive, then the equation a
n
x
2
b
n
x + c
n
= 0 has its roots
(A) real and unequal (B) real and equal
(C) imaginary (D) none of these
2. The harmonic mean of two numbers is 4. Their arithmetic mean is A and geometric mean is G. If G satisfies
2A + G
2
= 27, the numbers are :
a) 1, 13 b) 9, 12 c) 3, 6 d) 4, 8
3. For a positive integer n, let
( )
( )
n
1 1 1 1
a n 1 ......
2 3 4 2 1
= + + + + +
. Then
(A) a (100) < 100 (B) a (100) > 100
(C) a (200) < 100 (D) none of these
88
RAMKI
4.
r 1
n
r 1
1
r 1
n
=
| |
+
|
\ .
is equal to
(A) 2n
2
(B) 3n
2
(C) n
2
(D) none of these
5. Let
( ) ( )
n n
4
4
r 1 r 1
r f n , then 2r 1
= =
=
is equal to
(A) f (2n) 16 f (n) (B) f (2n) 7f (n)
(C) f (2n 1) 8 f (n) (D) none of these
6. If n 1 3 1
n
1
a for n 1 and a a ,
1 a
+
= > =
then (a
2001
)
2001
equals
(A) 1 (B) 1
7. If
( ) ( )
n n
r
r r 1 r 1
1 1
t n n 1 n 2 , then value is
12 t
= =
= + +

(A)
2n
n 1 +
(B)
( )
n 1
n 1 !
+
(C)
( )
4n
n 1 +
(D)
3n
n 2 +
8. If ( )
n n
2
n r r
r 1 r 1
1
S t n 2n 9n 13 , then t
6
= =
= = + +
equals
(A) ( )
1
n n 1
2
+
(B) ( )
1
n n 2
2
+
(C) ( )
1
n n 3
2
+
(D) ( )
1
n n 5
2
+
9. If
2
2 2 2
1 1 1
......upto
6 1 2 3
t
+ + +
, then value of
2 2 2
1 1 1
.......... upto to is
1 3 5
+ + +
RAMKI
(A)
2
4
t
(B)
2
6
t
(C)
2
8
t
(D)
2
12
t
1 1 1
.......... is
1.2.3.4 2.3.4.5 3.4.5.6
+ + +
(A)
1 1
24 n
(B)
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
18 3 n 1 n 2 n 3
+ + +
(C)
n 2
1 1
2 n
(D)
( ) ( )
1 1
18 3 n 3 n 4
+ +
11. Sum to n term of the series
2
1 1
S 1 2 1 3 1 ........ is given by
n n
| | | |
= + + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
(A) n
2
(B) (n + 1)
2
(C) n (n + 1) (D) none of these
1 1! 2! 3!
.......... is
5! 6! 7! 8!
+ + + +
(A)
( )
2 1
5! n 1 !
+
(B)
( )
1 1 n!
4 4! n 4 !
| |
|
|
+
\ .
(C)
( )
1 1 3!
4 3! n 2 !
| |
|
|
+
\ .
(D) none of these
1 3 5 7
....
1.2.3 2.3.4 3.4.5 4.5.6
+ + + +
is
(A)
( )
( ) ( )
n n 1
2 n 2 n 3
+
+ +
(B)
( )
( ) ( )
n 3n 1
4 n 1 n 2
+
+ +
(C)
( ) ( )
1 5
6 n 1 n 4
+ +
(D) none of these
90
RAMKI
14. Let p, q,r R
+
e and
( )
3
27pqr p q r and 3p 4q 5r 12 > + + + + = then
p
3
+ q
4
+ r
5
is equal to
(A) 3 (B) 6
15. In an acute angled triangle DABC, the minimum value of tan
n
A + tan
n
B + tan
n
C. is
(when n N, n 1 e > )
(A )
n
2
3
(B) 3
n
(C)
n
1
2
3
+
(D)
n
1
2
3

More than One Correct Answer Type Questions
16. If the numbers
a b b c
, b and
1 ab 1 bc
+ +

are in A.P., then
(A) a, b, c are in HP (B) a, b
1
, c are in HP
(C) a
1
, b, c
1
are in AP (D) a, b, c are in GP
17. The three sides of a right-angled triangle are in G.P.. The tangents of the two acute angles may be
(A)
5 1 5 1
and
2 2
+
(B)
( )
5 1
2
(C)
1
5 and
5
(D)
( )
5 1
2
+
18. If a, b, c are in H.P. then
(A)
a b c
, ,
b c a c a b a b c + + +
are in H.P. . (B)
2 1 1
b b a b c
= +

(C)
b b b
a , ,c
2 2 2

are in G.P. . (D)
a b c
, ,
b c c a a b + + +
are in H.P. .
19. If a, b, c are in A.P., and a
2
, b
2
, c
2
are in H.P., then
(A) a = b = c (B)
2
2 2
c
a b
2
= =
(C) a, b, c are in G.P. (D)
a
,b,c are in G.P.
2

RAMKI
20. If (m + 1)
th
, (n + 1)
th
and (r + 1)
th
terms of an A.P. are in G.P. and m, n, r are in H.P., then the ratio of the first
term of the A.P. to its common difference is
(A)
n
2
(B)
m
2
(C) r (D)
mr
m r
+
21. If p, q, r are positive and are in A.P. the roots of the quadratic equation px
2
+ qx + r = 0 are all real for
(A)
r
7 4 3
p
>
(B)
q
4 2 3
p
>
(C)
p
4 4 3
q
>
(D)
p 3
1 4
q 2
>
22. If roots of x
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d = 0 are
(A) in A.P. then 2b
3
9bc + 27d = 0 (B) in G.P. then b
3
d = c
3
(C) in G.P. then 27d
3
= 9bcd
2
4c
3
d (D) equal then c
3
= b
3
+ 3bc
23. Let a and b be two posi ti ve real numbers. Suppose A
1
, A
2
are two ari thmeti c means;
G
1
, G
2
are two geometric means and H
1
, H
2
are two harmonic means between a and b then
(A)
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
G G A A
H H H H
+
=
+
(B)
1 2
1 2
G G 5 2 a b
H H 9 9 b a
| |
= +
|
\ .
(C)
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
H H 9ab
A A 2a b a 2b
+
=
+ + +
(D)
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
G G H H
H H A A
+
=
+
24 The value of 100
1 1 1 1
......
1.2 2.3 3.4 99.100
(
+ + + +
(

(A) is an integer (B) lies between 50 and 98
(C) is 100 (D) 99
25. Let S
n
= (1) (5) + (2) (5
2
) + (3) (5
3
) + ........... + (n) (5
n
) ( )
a
1
4n 1 5 b
16
(
= +

, then
(A) a = n + 1 (B) a = n
(C) b = 5 (D) b = 25
92
RAMKI
26. Let a, b, c be three distinct non-zero real numbers
STATEMENT-1 : If a, b, c are in A.P. and b, c, a are in G.P., then c, a, b are in H.P.
STATEMENT-2 : If a, b, c are in A.P. and b, c, a are in G.P. than a : b : c = 4 : 2 : 1
27. STATEMENT-1 : 27, 8 and 12 can be three terms of G.P. as well as an A.P.
STATEMENT-2 : Three non-zero real numbers can always be three terms of an A.P.
28. STATEMENT-1 : If n is odd, 1
2
+ (3) (2
2
) + 3
2
+ (3) (4
2
) + 5
2
+ ........ upto n terms
( ) ( )
1
n n 1 4n 1
6
= +
STATEMENT-2 : If n is even, 1
2
+ (3) (2
2
) + 3
2
+ (3) (4
2
) + 5
2
+ ....... upto n terms
( )( )
1
n n 1 4n 5
6
= + +
Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE is corre
P
2931
Let A
1
, G
1
, H
1
denote the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, respectively of two distinct
positive numbers. For n > 2, let A
n 1,
n 1
G
and H
n 1
has arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means
respectively.
29. Which of the following statements is a correct statement ?
(A)
1 2 3
G G G .... > > > (B)
1 2 3
G G G .... < < <
(C)
1 2 3
G G G .... = = = (D)
1 3 5
G G G .... < < < and
2 4 6
G G G ... > > >
30. Which of the following statement is correct ?
(A) > >
1 2
A A ....
(B)
1 2 3
A A A ... < > <
(C)
1 3 5
A A A ... > > > and
2 4 6
A A A ... < > >
(D)
1 3 5
A A A ... < < < and
2 4 6
A A A ... > >
31. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(A)
1 2 3
H H H ... > > >
(B)
1 2 3
H H H ... < < <
(C)
1 3 5
H H H ... > > > and
2 4 6
H H H ... < < <
(D)
1 3 5
H H H ... < < < and
2 4 6
H H H ... > > >
RAMKI
P
3234
Consider the sum
n n 4
8 16 8r
S given by S ........
5 65 4r 1
= + + +
+
32. The value of
lim
n n
S
must be
(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 2 (d) None of these
33. The value of S
16
must be
(A)
80
41
(B)
1088
545
(C)
107
245
(D) None of these
34. If
2
n
3 2
an bn
S
cn dn en 1
+
=
+ + +
where a, b, c, d, e are independent of n then
(A) a = 4, e = 2 (b) c = 0, d = 4
(C) b = 4, e = 4 (D) None of these
answers to these questions have to be appropriately bubbles
as illustrated in the following example.If the correct matches are Ap, As, Bq, Br, Cp, Cq and Ds, then the
correctly bubbled 4 4 matrix should be as follows :
______________________________________________________________________________
35. Let y = exp {(sin
2
x + sin
4
x +sin
6
x +.....)log
e
2} Satisfy the equation. x
2
- 17x +16 = 0 and 0 < x < p/
2
(A)
2
2sin2x
1 cos x +
(P)1
(B)
2sinx
sinx cosx +
(Q) 4/9
(C)
n
n 1
(cot x)
=
(R) 2/3
(D)
2n
n 1
n(cot x)
=
(S) 4/3
94
RAMKI
36. Let a, b, g be three numbers such that 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
,
2 4
+ + = + + =
o | o |
, and a + b + g = 2.
Column I Column II
(A) a b g (p) 6
(B) bg + ga + ab (q) 8
(C) a
2
+ b
2
+ g
2
(r) 2
(D) a
3
+ b
3
+ g
3
(s) 1
(t) even integer
Practice Questions
37. If a, b, c are three unequal numbers such that a, b, c are in A.P. and b a, c b, a are in G.P.,, then a
: b : c is
(A) 1 : 2 : 3 (B) 1 : 3 : 5
(C) 2 : 3 : 4 (D) 1 : 2 : 4
38. The sum of the first four terms of an A.P. is 56. The sum of the last four terms is 112. If its first term is
11, the number of terms is
(A) 10 (B) 11
39. The numbers t ( )
2 2
1
t 1 , t
2
+
and 6 are three consecutive tems of an A.P. If t be real, then the next two
terms of A.P. are
(A) 2, 10 (B) 14, 6
(C) 14, 22 (D) none
40. If a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ...... a
n
are in A.P., then the value of
1 2 2 3 n 1 n
1 1 1
...
a a a a a a
+ + +
+ + +
is
(A)
1 n
1
a a +
(B)
1 n
1
a a
(C)
1 n
n
a a
(D)
1 n
n 1
a a
+
41. If
1 2 n
a ,a ......a be an A.P. of positive terms, then
1 2n 2 2n 1 n n 1
1 2 2 3 n n 1
a a a a a a
....
a a a a a a
+
+
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
RAMKI
(A)
( )
1 2n
1 n 1
n a a
a a
+
+
+
(B) n 1
(C)
1 n 1
n 1
a a
+
+
(D) none
42. Three numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle number is doubled, then the new numbers are in
A.P. The common ratio of G.P. is
(A)
2 3
(B)
2 3 +
(C)
3 2
(D) none of these
43. Given than
0 x
4
t
< <
and
y
4 2
t t
< <
and
( )
k
2k
k 0
1 tan x p;
=
=
( )
k
2k
k 0
1 cot y q;
=
=
then
2k 2k
k 0
tan xcot y
=
is
(A)
1 1 1
p q pq
+
(B)
1
1 1 1
p q pq

+
`
)
(C) p + q pq (D) p + q + pq
44. If
1 2 2n
A, A , A ,...., A ,B be an A. P. ; A,
1 2 2n
G ,G ,...,G ,Bbe a G.P. and H is the harmonic mean of A and
B, then
1 2n 2 2n 1 n n 1
1 2n 2 2n 1 n n 1
A A A A A A
....
GG G G G G
+
+
+ + +
+ + +
is equal to
(A)
2n
H
(B) 2nH
(C) nH (D)
n
H
45. If H
1
, H
2
,....., H
n
are n harmonic means between a and b( a), = then the value of
1 n
1 n
H a H b
H a H b
+ +
+ =

a) n + 1 b) n 1
c) 2n d) 2n + 3
46. If the first and (2n+ 1)th terms of an A.P.; G.P. and H.P. are equal and their (n + 1)th terms are
a, b and c respectively, then
a) a > b > c b) ac = b
2
c) a + b = c d) none of these
96
RAMKI
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 2 1 2 3
...........is
1 1 3 1 3 5
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
(A) ( )
2
n
n 9n 14
24
+ +
(B) ( )
2
n
2n 7n 15
24
+ +
(C) ( )
2
n
2n 9n 13
24
+ +
(D) ( )
2
n
n 11n 12
24
+ +
n
r 1
r 1
r log
r
=
+
(A)
( )
n
n 1
log
n!
+
(B)
( ) log n 1
n!
+
(C) ( ) n!log n 1 + (D) none of these
49. Sum of the series S = 1
2
2
2
+ 3
2
4
2
+ .......... 2002
2
+ 2003
2
is
(A) 2007006 (B) 1005004
50. If m be positive integer greater than 1 then
(A) 1
m
+ 3
m
+ 5
m
+ ..... +(2n 1)
m
> n
m+1
(B) 1
m
+ 3
m
+ 5
m
+ ......+(2n 1)
m
> n
m
(C) 1
m
+ 3
m
+ 5
m
+ ......+(2n 1)
m
> n
m1
(D) 1
m
+ 3
m
+ 5
m
+ ......+(2n 1)
m
> n
m2
51. The least value of the expression 5
sinx1
+ 5
-sinx-1
is
(A) 2/5 (B) 1/5
(C) 5 (D) 5/2
52. Four numbers are such that the first three are in A.P., while the last three in G.P.. If the first number is 6
and common ratio of G.P. is
1
2
then the
(A) sum of first and last number is 7
(B) numbers are 6, 8, 4, 2
(C) numbers are 6, 10, 14, 4
(D) numbers are 6, 4, 2, 1
RAMKI
53. Let
( )
n
n times
a 111..........1 =
, then
(A) a
912
is not prime (B) a
951
is not prime
(C) a
480
is not prime (D) a
91
is not prime
54. x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, ............. is an infinite sequence of positive integers in G.P. such that x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4
= 64. Then
the value of x
5
is
(A) is a perfect sequence (B) is not a perfect square
(C) 128 (D) 16
55. For a positive integer n, let ( )
n
1 1 1 1
a n 1 ............
2 3 4 2 1
= + + + +
; then
(A) a (100) < 100 (B) a (100) > 100
(C) ( ) a 200 100 s (D) a (200) > 100
56. In the nth row of the triangle
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
(A) Last term ( )
1
n n 1
2
+
(B) Firs term ( )
2
1
n n 2
2
= +
(C) Sum ( )
2
1
n n 1
2
= +
(D) Sum ( )
2
1
n n 1
2
= +
57. STATEMENT-1 : If three positive numbers in G.P. represent sides of a triangle, then the common ratio
of the G.P. must lie between
5 1 5 1
and
2 2
+
STATEMENT-2 : Three positive real number can form sides of a triangle if sum of any two is greater
than the third
98
RAMKI
58. Let a, b, c, d are four positive number
Statement1 :
a b c d a
4
b c d e e
| || |
+ + >
| |
\ .\ .
Statement2 :
b c d e a
5
a b c d e
+ + + + >
.
59. Let a, b, c and d be distinct positive real numbers in H.P.
Statement1 : a + d > b + c
Statement2 :
1 1 1 1
a d b c
+ = +
Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE is corre
P
6062
Let {a
n
} be a sequence of real numbers. If
lim
n n
a
exists, we say that the sequence {a

n
} is convergent.
An infinite series can also be defined with the help of a sequence. Indeed let
S = b
1
+ b
2
+ b
3
+ b
4
+ ......... + b
n
+ ................
Let us define a sequence {a

n
} as a
1
= b
1
= S
1
, a
2
= b
1
+ b
2
= S
2
, a
3
= b
1
+ b
3
= S
3
, a
n
= b
1
+ b
2
+ b
3
+ ........... + b
n
= S
n
(sum of n term of series)
Infact {a
n
} is a sequence of partial sums of the original series. We say that the series S is convergent
provided the sequence of partial sums is convergent. It can be noted that, if series b
1
+ b
2
+ b
3
+
........... + b
n
+ ........... of positive terms is convergent then
lim
n n
b 0
= . Since
lim
n n n 1 n n
b S S b 0

= = . Though the converse of this result is not true, it should be noted that
the convergence of a series is not affected if a finite number of terms are added or delected from the
series. It can also be obsereved that general series sum from the given series can be found by rear-
rangement of terms
60. Let
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
S ..............
1 2 3 4
= + + + +
then
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
...........
1 3 5 7
+ + +
is equal to
(A)
3
S
8
(B)
3
S
4
(C)
1
S
4
(D)
1
S
2
61. If S is same as given in above question then
+ +
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
...........
1 2 3 4 5
must be equal to
(A)
S
2
(B)
S
4
(C) 2S (D) None of these
RAMKI
62.
1 1 1 1 1
1 .............
2 3 4 199 200
+ + +
must be equal to
(A)
1 1 1 1
............
1 2 3 100
+ + + +
(B)
1 1 1
2 1 ...........
2 3 100
| |
+ + + +
|
\ .
(C)
1 1 1 1
............
101 102 103 200
+ + + +
(D)
1 1 1 1 1
............
101 102 103 104 200
+ +
answers to these questions have to be appropriately bubbles
as illustrated in the following example.If the correct matches are Ap, As, Bq, Br, Cp, Cq and Ds, then the
correctly bubbled 4 4 matrix should be as follows :
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
63. Three positive numbers a, b, c satisfy
i) a + b + c = 25ii) 2 < a, b, c < 18
iii) 2, a, b are in AP iv) b, c, 18 are in GP
then match the following
Column I Column II
(A) a (P) 12
(B) b (Q) 5
(C) c (R) 8
(D) 2a +3b +2c (S) 10
(T) odd integer
64. Match the following series with their summations
Column I Column II
(A) 1
2
3
2
+ 5
2
7
2
+ ........... (4n 1)
2
(P) 8n
2
4n
(B) 2
2
4
2
+ 6
2
8
2
+ ....... (4n)
2
(Q) 2n
2
n
(C) 1
2
2
2
+ 3
2
4
2
+ 5
2
........... (4n)
2
(R) 8n
2
(D) 1
2
+ 2
2
+3
2
+...........+(4n)
2
(S) (8n
2
+ 2n)
2
100
RAMKI
LEVEL-III
(ANS KEY)
1-C 2-C 3-A 4-C 5-A 6-A
7-C 8-C 9-C 10-B 11-A 12-B
13-B 14-A 15-B 16-B,C 17-B,D 18-A,B,C,D
19-A,C,D 20-A,D 21-A,B,C,D 22-A,B 23-A,B,C 24-A,D
25-A,C 26-B 27-C 28-A 29-C 30-A
31-B 32-C 33-B 34-A
35. A S BS C P DQ
36- A R,T BS CP,TDQ,T
37-A 38-B 39-C 40-D 41-A 42-B
43-B 44-A 45-C 46-B 47-C 48-A
49-A 50-B 51-A 52-A,D 53-A,B,C,D 54-A,D
55-A,D 56-A,B,C 57-A 58-A 59-B 60-B
61-A 62-C
63- A Q,T BR CP DS
64. A R BP C P DS
HINTS AND SOLUTIONS
Level-III
1. As odd number of AM, G.M and H.M. are inserted between a & b.
So, middle term of AP is AM = a
n
middle term of GP is GM = b
n
middle term of HP is HM = c
n

n n n
a ,b ,c are in G.P. .
D = discriminant of quadratic equation < 0
roots are imagnary

RAMKI
2. Let numbers are a & b
Here
a b
A & G ab
2
+
= =
given that 2A + G
2
= 27 or (a + b) + ba = 27 ..... (i)
2ab
H.M. 4
a b
= =
+
..... (ii)
solving (i) & (ii), we get number 3 & 6.
3. We have
( )
1 1 1 1 1 1
a n 1 .......... ......... ......
2 3 4 7 8 15
| | | | | |
= + + + + + + + + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
( )
n 1
n 1 n 1 n 1
n
1 1 1 2 4 8 2
........ 1 ........ n
2 4 8 2 2 1 2
2 1

| |
|
+ + + < + + + + + =
|
+

\ .
Thus, a (100) < 100
4.
r 1
n
r 1
1
r 1
n
=
| |
+
|
\ .
0 1 2 n 1
n
1 1 1 1
s 1 1 2 1 3 1 ...... n 1
n n n n
| | | | | | | |
= + + + + + + + +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
2 n 1
n
s 1.1 2.x 3.x ..... nx

= + + + + .....(i) (where x = 1 +
1
n
)
( )
2 n 1 n
n
xs 1.x 2.x .... n 1 x nx
= + + + + .....(ii)
equation (i) (ii), we get
( )
n n
n 2
1 x nx
s
1 x
1 x

( )
( )
n n
2
1 x nx 1 x
1 x
+
=
substituting
1
x 1
n
= +
we get,
2
n
s n =
5.
( ) ( )
= = =
=

n n n
4 4
4
r 1 r 1 r 1
2r 1 r 2r
= f (2n) 16f (n)
102
RAMKI
6. We have
( )
1
2 3
1 2 1 1
1 a 1 1 1
a and a
1 a 1 a 1 1/ 1 a a
= = = =

Since a
3
= a
1
, we get
2
1 1
a 1 a =
2 2
1 1 1
a a 1 0 a w or w + = =
We have
( )
3
5
4 3 3
1 a 1 1
a
1 a 1 1/ 1 a a
= = =

1
3 1
1
1 a
a a
a
= = =
Contrinuing in this way we obtain

a
1
= a
3
= a
5
= a
7
= a
9
= a
11
= ......... = a
2001
Thus, (a
2001
)
2001
= ( w)
2001
or (w
2
)
2001
= 1
7. We have
r r 1
r k k
k 1 k 1
t t t
= =
=

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
r r 1 r 2 r 1 r r 1
12 12
= + + +
( )
1
r r 1
4
= +
Now,
( )
r
1 4 1 1
4
t r r 1 r r 1
| |
= =
|
+ +
\ .
n n
r r 1 r 1
1 1 1 1 4n
4 4 1
t r r 1 n 1 n 1
= =
| | | |
= = =
| |
+ + +
\ . \ .

8. We have
n n n 1
t S S n 2
= >
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
{ }
2
2
n
1 1
t n 2n 9n 13 n 1 2 n 1 9 n 1 13
6 6
= + + + +
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
3 2
3 2
1
2 n n 1 9 n n 1 13 n n 1
6
(
= + + +
(

( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
6n 6n 2 9 2n 1 13 6n 12n 6
6 6
(
= + + + = + +

RAMKI
= (n + 1)
2
Also, t
1
= S
1
= 4 = (1 +1)
2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n n
r
r 1 r 1
1 1
t r 1 n 1 n 2 1 n n 3
2 2
= =
= + = + + = +

9. We have
2 2 2
1 1 1
........ upto
1 3 5
+ + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
........... upto
1 2 3 4 5 6
= + + + + +
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 ...........
2 2 3
(
+ + +
(

2 2 2
1
6 4 6 8
| |
t t t
= =
|
\ .
10. Here
( ) ( ) ( )
n
1
T
n n 1 n 2 n 3
=
+ + +
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
n
n 3 n
T
3n n 1 n 2 n 3
+
=
+ + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n
1 1 1
T
3 n n 1 n 2 n 1 n 2 n 3
(
=
(
+ + + + +
(

| |
n n 1
1
V V
3
+
=
n
n n 1 2 3 n
n 1
S T T T T ..... T
=
= = + + + +
( ) ( ) ( )
n
1 1 1
S
3 6 n 1 n 2 n 3
(
=
(
+ + +
(

11. Let x = 1 + 1/n. Then
S = 1 + 2x + 3x
2
....... + nx
n1
( )
2 n 1 n
xS x 2x .......... n 1 x nx
= + + + +
104
RAMKI
Subtracting, we get
( )
2 n 1 n
1 x S 1 x x .........x nx
= + + +
n
n
1 x
nx
1 x
( )
n n
1 1 1
S n 1 1 n 1 n
n n n
(
| | | | | |
= + + = (
| | |
\ . \ . \ . (

2
S n =
12. We have
( )
( ) ( )
r r 1
r 1 !
r!
t and t
r 4 ! r 5 !
+
= =
+ +
Now,
( )
( ) ( )
r r 1
r ! r !
rt r 5 t 0
r 4 ! r 4 !
+
+ = =
+ +
( ) ( )
n 1 n 1
r r 1 r 1 r 1 r r 1
r 1 r 1
rt r 1 t 4t 4 t rt r 1 t

+ + + +
= =
( + = = +

( )
2 3 n 1 n
4 t t ...... t 1t nt + + + =
( )
1 2 n 1 n
4 t t ........t 5t nt + + =
( )
( )
n n 1 !
0!
5
5! n 4
| |
=
|
+
\ .
( )
1 n!
4! n 4 !
=
+
( )
1 2 n
1 1 n!
t t .........t
4 4! n 4 !
(
+ + =
(
+
(

13. We have
( ) ( )
r
2r 1
t
r r 1 r 2
=
+ +
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
r 1 r 2 r r 1 r 2
+ + + +
=2
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 1 1
r 1 r 2 2 r r 1 r 1 r 2
| |
| |

|
|
|
+ + + + +
\ .
\ .
RAMKI
Solving by using
n
v method
we get sum =
( )
( ) ( )
n 3n 1
4 n 1 n 2
+
+ +
14.
( )
3
27pqr p q r > + +
( )
1/ 3 p q r
pqr
3
+ + | |
>
|
\ .
p q r = =
Also 3p + 4q + 5r = 12 p q r 1 = = =
15.
n
n n n
tan A tan B tan C tan A tan B tan C
3 3
+ + + + | |
>
|
\ .
(Arithmetic mean of m
th
power of numbers)
n
n n n
tan A tan B tan C tan A tan B tan C
3 3
+ + + + | |
>
|
\ .
( )
sin ce tan A tan B tan c 3 3 + + >
n
1
n n n
2
tan A tan B tan C 3
+
+ + >
16. The relation
a b b c
2b
1 ab 1 bc
+ +
= +

will yield a + c = 2 abc
17. Let the sides be a, ar,
2
ar
. If r > 1, then
(ar
2
)
2
= (a)
2
+ (ar)
2
(since in this case (ar)
2
will be the hypotaneous i.e., the largest side)
4 2 2
1 5
r 1 r r
2
+
= + = ,
2
1 5
r
2
| |
=
|
|
\ .
is not possible
1 5
r
2
+
=
If 0 < r < 1 then a is the largest side
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
a ar ar = +
5 1
r
2
=
106
RAMKI
18.
1 1 1
, ,
a b c
are in A.P. .
a b c a b c a b c
, ,
a b c
+ + + + + +
are in A.P. .
b c c a a b
, ,
a b c
+ + +
are in A.P. . (Subtracting 1 from each term)

b c c a a b
1, 1, 1
a b c
+ + +

are in A.P. . (Subtracting 1 from each term)
b c a c a b a b c
, ,
a b c
+ + +
are in A.P. .
Also
2ac
b
a c
=
+
so
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2b a c 2b a c
1 1
b a b c b a b c b b a c ac
+ +
+ = =
+ +
( )
2
2 2
2b 2ac / b 2 b ac 2
.
b b b b 2ac b ac b ac

= = =
+
19. we have 2b = a + c and b
2
=
2 2
2 2
2a c
a c +
.......(i)
On eliminating b, we get
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
8a c a c 2ac a c = + + +
which can be arranged as
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
a c 2ac a c 4ac 0 + + + =
either a = c or (a + c)
2
+ 2ac = 0
If a = c then a = b = c
a, b, c may be treated as three numbers in G.P..
If (a + c)
2
+ 2ac = 0, then by using (i) choice (d) follows.
20. Given (a + nd)
2
= (a + md) (a + rd)
2
a a a
n m r
d d d
| | | | | |
+ = + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
... (i)
RAMKI
Also n =
( ) m r n
2mr
mr
m r 2
+
=
+
... (ii)
Now from (i), ( )
2 2
2
a an a a
2 n m r mr
d d d d
| | | | | |
+ + = + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
( )
2
2
m r n
n
a n mr
2
d m r 2n m r 2n
+
= =
+ +
from (ii)
a n mr
d 2 m r
= =
+
21. 2q = p + r, q
2
4pr
>
0
Eliminate q to obtain p
2
+ r
2
14 pr
>
0
Which gives (a) and (c)
Eliminate r to obtain
q
2
8pq + 4p
2

>
0
which gives (b) and (d)
22. Let roots be a b, a, a + b, so that
/ 3 b b 3 o = o =
3 3
b b bc
d 0
27 9 3
+ + =
3
2b 9bc 27d 0 + =
Next, roots be a/b, a, ab, so that
a
3
= d or a = (d)
1/3
\ d + b (d)
2/3
+ c (d)
1/3
+ d = 0
3 3
b d c =
23. ( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
A a b a , A b b a
3 3
= + = +
1 2
A A a b + = +
Similarly,
1/ 3 2 / 3
1 2
b b
G a , G a
a a
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
1 2
G G ab =
108
RAMKI
and 2
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
, H
H a 3 b a a 3 b a
| | | |
= + = +
| |
\ . \ .
Now,
1 2
1 1 1 1
H H a b
+ = +
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
H H A A a b
H H ab G G
+ + +
= =
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
G G A A
H H H H
+
=
+
Now, 1 2
3ab 3ab
H H
a 2b 2a b
+ = +
+ +
( )
( ) ( )
9ab a b
a 2b 2a b
+
=
+ +
( )
2 2
1 2
1 2
2 a b 5ab
A A
H H 9ab
+ +
+
=
+
Thus,
1 2
1 2
G G 5 2 a b
A A 9 9 b a
| |
= +
|
\ .
24 The given series can be written as
2 1 3 2 100 99
100 ......
1.2 2.3 99.100
(
+ + +
(

1 1 1 1 1 1
100 .........
1 2 2 3 99 100
( | | | | | |
= + + +
| | | (
\ . \ . \ .
= 99
25. 5S
n
= (1) (5)
2
+ (2) (5
3
) + .......... + (n 1)5
n
+ (n)5
n+1
Subtracting from S
n
, we obtain
4S
n
= 5 + 5
2
+ .......... + 5
n
n (5
n+1
)
( )
( )
n
n 1
5 5 1
n 5
4
+
=
( )
n 1
n
1
S 4n 1 5 5
16
+
(
= +

RAMKI
26. Ans: (B)
Sol: a + c = 2b, ab = c
2
(i)
Now
( ) c a c 2bc ac ab
a
b c b c b c
+ +
= = =
+ + +
\ a, b, c are in H.P.
Eliminating a from two expressions in (1) use get
2 2 2
c / b c 2b c bc 2b 0 + = + =
( )( ) | | c b c 2b 0 c 2b c b + = = =
Thus, a = 4b.
Now, a : b : c = 4 : 1 : 2
27. Ans: (C)
Sol. Let if possible, 27 = ar
p1
, 8 = ar
q1
and 12 = ar
s1
,
p q q s
27 8
r r
8 12

= =
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
q s p q
p q q s q s p q
27 8
r and r
8 12

| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
. .

| | | | | | | |
= =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
q s p q 3q 3s p q
27 8 3 2
i e
8 12 2 3
3q 3s q p or 2q p 3s = + =
For any p, q, s > 0, we get that 27, 8, 12 are three terms of G.P.
A is correct and R is false
28. Ans: (A)
Sol: If n = 2m, then statement-2 becomes
1
2
+ (3) (2
2
) + 3
2
+ (3) + (4
2
) + 5
2
+ ....... + 3 (2m)
2
( ) ( ) ( )
1
2m 2m 1 8m 5
6
= + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 3 2 3 3 4 5 ........ 3 2m 1 + + + + + +
( )( )( ) ( )
2 1
2m 2m 1 8m 5 3 2m
6
= + +
( ) ( )
2m
2m 1 8m 5 36m
6
| |
= + + (
|
\ .
2
1
m 16m 18m 5
3
( = +

110
RAMKI
( ) ( )
1
m 2m 1 8m 5
3
=
For n = 2m 1, we get
1
2
+ (3) (2
2
) + 3
2
+ (3) (4
2
) + 5
2
+...... upto n terms
( )( ) ( )( )
1 n 1 1
n 4n 1 n n 1 4n 1
3 2 6
+ | |
= = +
|
\ .
P
2931
Sol. Let two distinct positive numbers be a and b.
( )
1 1 1
1 2ab
A a b ,G ab,H
2 a b
= + = =
+
( )
n n 1 n 1 n n 1 n 1
1
A A H ,G A H
2

= + =
n 1 n 1
n
n 1 n 1
2A H
H
A H

=
+
For n > 2,
n n n 1 n 1
A H A H

=
Thus, A
1
H
1
= A
2
H
2
= A
3
H
3
=....
2 2 2
1 2 3
G G G .... = = =

1 2 3
G G G .... = = =
As a and b are distinct, A
1
> H
1 1 2 2 1
A A H H > > >

&
1 2 3 3 2 1
A A A H H H > > > > >
And so on.
Thus,
1 2 2 1
A A H H > > >
and
1 2 3
H H H .... < < <
P
3234
32. c
n
n
4
r 1
8r
S
4r 1
=
=
+
( ) ( )
n
2 2
r 1
8r
2r 2r 1 2r 2r 1
=
=
+ + +

RAMKI
=
| |
=
|
+ + + \ .
n
2 2
r 1
1 1
2
2r 2r 1 2r 2r 1
.........
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
1 5 5 13 2n 2n 1 2n 2n 1
(
= + + +
(
+ + +
( )
2
2
2 2 2
2 2n 2n
1 4n 4n
2 1
2n 2n 1 2n 2n 1 2n 2n 1
+
+ (
= = =
(
+ + + + + +
lim lim
2
n n n
2
4n 4n
S
2n 2n 1

+
=
+ +
lim
n
2
4
4
4
n
2
2 1
2
2
n n
+
= = =
+ +
33. b
Using solution of above question
2
n
2
4n 4n
S
2n 2n 1
+
=
+ +
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
.
2
16
2
4 16 4 16
1088
S
545
2 16 2 16 1
+
= =
+ +
34. a
Using solution of above question.
2
n
2
4n 4n
S
2n 2n 1
+
=
+ +
a = 4, b = 4, c = 0, d = 2, e = 2
35. A - S , B - S, C - P, D - Q
Sol: y = exp {(tan
2
x ) log
e
2}=
2
tan x
2
since
2
tan x
2
satisfies the equation
x
2
17x+ 16 = 0
2
tan x
2 16 =
or 1
tanx 2 =
or tan x = 0
Since
x (0, )
2
t
e
tanx 2 =
(A)
2
2sin2x
1 cos x +
=
2
4tanx 8 4
6 3 2 tan x
= =
+
(B)
2sinx
sinx cosx +
=
2tanx 4
1 tanx 3
=
+
112
RAMKI
(C)
n
n 1
(cot x)
=
=
cot x
1
1 cot x
=
(D)
2n
n 1
n(cot x)
=
=
( )
+ =

2 2
2 2
2
cot x cot x 4
9 1 cot x
1 cot x
36. Given
1 1 1 1
2
+ + =
o |
-----(i)
2 2 2
1 1 1 9
4
+ + =
o |
......(ii)
a + b + g = 2. -----(iii)
(A) from (i)
1 1 1 1
2
+ + =
o |
squaring both sides
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
2
4
| | o + | +
+ + + =
|
o| o |
\ .
or,
9 2 1
2
4 4
+ =
o|
or, 2 o| =
(B) from equation (i)
1 1 1 1
2
+ + =
o |
or,
1
2
| + o + o|
=
o|
or, | + o + o|=
2
1
2 2
o|
= =
(C) From (iii) 2 o + | + =
squaring both sides
a
2
+ b
2
+ g
2
+ 2 (ab + bg + ag) = 4
or, a
2
+ b
2
+ g
2
+ 2 1 = 4
or a
2
+ b
2
+ g
2
= 6
(D) as a
3
+ b
3
+ g
3
3abg = (a + b + g) [a
2
+ b
2
+ g
2
(ab + bg + ga)]
or, a
3
+ b
3
+ g
3
3(2) = 14
or, a
3
+ b
3
+ g
3
= 8
37. Given b a = c b and (c b)
2
= a (b a)
or (b a)
2
= a (b a)
Cancel b a
=
0
b a = a or b = 2a
and c = 2b a, by (i)
or c = 4a a = 3a \ a, 2a, 3a or 1 : 2 : 3
RAMKI
38. Sum of first four 4a + 6d = 56
Sum of last four 4l 6 d = 112
Putting a = 11, we get d = 2,
( ) = = + l 31 a n 1 d
n 1 10 =
or n = 111
39. 2b = a + c
2 3
t t = + t + 6
or t
3
+ t
2
+ t + 6 = 0
or (t + 2) (t
2
t + 3) = 0
t = 2.
The other factor does not give real values of t.
Hence for t = 2 the given number are 10, 2, 6 which is an A.P. for d = 8.
The next two number are 14, 22.
40.
1 2
1
1 2
a a
1
T
d
a a
= =
+
n 1 1 n
1
S T a a
d
(
= E =

The terms will cancel diagonally

1 n
n
1 n
a a 1
S
d
a a
=
+
Now put ( )
n 1
a a n 1 d = +
( )
n
1 n 1
n 1 d
1 n 1
d
a a a a
(

= = (
+ +
(

41. . In an A.P. sum of terms equidistant from begining and end is constant and equal to a + l = a
1
+ a
2n
. futher same as question (31)
42. Three numbers in G.P. are
a
,a,ar
r
then
a
, 2a,ar
r
are in A.P. as given
\
( )
1
2 2a a r
r
| |
= +
|
\ .
114
RAMKI
or, r
2
4r + 1 = 0 or r = 2 +
3
or, r = 2 +
3
as r > 1 for an increasing G.P..
43. p = Infinite G.P.
where a = 1, r = tan
2
x
2
2
a 1
p cos x
1 r 1 tan x
= = =
+
,
2
2
1
q sin y
1 cot y
= =
+
2 2
1
S
1 tan xcot y
=
2 2
2 2
1
1 cos x 1 sin y
1
cos x sin y
=
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
pq 1
S
p q 1 1 1 1
p q pq
= =
+ +
+
`
)
44.
A B A B 2
2
AB 2AB H
+ +
= =
( )
2 2n
E 1 1 1 ... 1
H H
= + + + + =
45. a
1
, H
1
, H
2
,H
3
, H
m
, H
n
, b are in H.P.
1 n
1 1 1 1
d & nd
H a H a
= + = +
( ) = + +
1 1
& n 1 d
b a
on putting values, we get value of
1 n
1 n
H a H b
H a H b
+ +
+

46. Let T
1
& T
2n+1
are A & B
A B 2AB
a , b AB, c
2 A B
+
= = =
+
2
b ac =
RAMKI
47. Let t
r
denote the rth term of the series, then
( )
3 3 3
r
1 2 ........ r
t
1 3 ........ 2r 1
+ + +
=
+ + +
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
1
r r 1
1
4
r 1
4 r
+
= = +
( )
n n n 1
2
2
r
r 1 r 1 r 1
1 1
t r 1 r 1
4 4
+
= = =
(
= + =
(

( ) ( ) ( )
n 1 n 2 2n 3
1
1
4 6
( + + +
=
(
(

2
1
2n 9n 13n 6 6
24
3
(
= + + +

( )
2
n
2n 9n 13
24
= + +
48. Let
1
r 1
t r log
r
+
=
( ) r log r 1 logr ( = +

( ) ( ) ( ) r 1 log r 1 r logr log r 1 = + + +
( ) ( ) { } ( )
= =
= + + +

n n
r
r 1 r 1
t r 1 log r 1 r logr log r 1
( ) ( ) ( ) n 1 log n 1 1log1 log n 1 ! = + + +
( )
( )
( )
n 1 n
n 1 n 1
log log
n 1 ! n!
+
+ +
= =
+
49. We can write S as
S = (1 2) (1 + 2) + (3 4) (3 + 4) + ............ + (2001 2002) (2001 + 2002) + 2003
2
= [1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ........... + 2002] + 2003
2
= ( ) ( )
2
1
2002 2003 2003 2007006
2
+ =
116
RAMKI
50. Since
+ + + + + + | |
>
|
\ .
m
m m m
1 2 n 1 2 n
a a ..... a a a ..... a
n n
If m > 1 & not all a
1
, a
2
, a
3
.......... am equal
( ) ( ) | | + + + + + + + +
>
|
|
\ .
m m
m m m
1 3 5 ..... 2n 1 1 3 5 ..... 2n 1
n n
=n
m+1
51. Since
AM GM >
( )
1 sin x 1 sin x 1
sin x 1 sin x 1
2
5 5
5 .5
2

+
>
sin x 1 sin x 1
2
5 5
5

+ >
52. Let the four numbers be a, a + d, a + 2d, (a + d).r
2
.
where d is the common difference of A.P. and r is common ratio of the G.P.
a = 6 and r =
1
2
is given
a + d, a + 2d, (a + d) r
2
are in G.P.
(a + 2d)
2
= (a + d)
2
r
2
( ) ( )
2 2 1
6 2d 6 d .
4
+ = +
( ) ( )
2 2
4 6 2d 6 d + = +
( )
1
6 2d 6 d .
2
+ = +
d = 2 The 4 numbers are 6, 4, 2, 1.
53. As a
912
, a
951
and a
480
are divisible by 3, none of them is prime.
For a
91
, we have
( )
= =
91
91
91times
1 1
a 99..............9 10 1
9 9
( )
( )
13
7
7
13
7
7
10 1
1 10 1
10 1
9 10 1 10 1
(
(
( (
= =
(
(
(

( ) ( )
12 11
7 7 7 6 5
10 10 ........ 10 1 10 10 ........ 10 1
(
( = + + + + + + + +
(

91
a is not prime.
RAMKI
54. As all x
i
s are positive integers and =
1 2 3 4
x .x .x .x 64
1 2 3 4
x , x , x , x must be power of 2.
Then, amongst all possible values of =
1 2 3 4
x .x .x .x 64 and in that case x
5
= 16.
55. It can be shown by grouping that ( )
n
a n n
2
< <
For n = 200 we get a (200) > 100
and for n = 100, a (100) < 100
choices (a) and (d) are correct
56. Last term of nth row
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ............ + n =1/2 n (n + 1)
As terms in the nth row forms an A.P. with common difference 1,
first term = last term (n 1) (i)
( )
1
n n 1 n 1
2
= + +
( )
2
1
n n 2
2
= +
Sum ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1
n n n 2 n n
2 2 2
(
= + + +
(

( )
2
1
n n 1
2
= +
57. Ans: (A)
Sol.
The Assertion A can be proved by taking the intersection of the inequaliaties.
a > 0, ar > 0, ar
2
> 0, a + ar > ar
2
, ar + ar
2
> a.
ar
2
+ a > ar
The inequalities follow from Reason
58.
Ans: (A)
Sol: Statement -1
As A. M.
>
G.M.
+ >
a b a b
2
b c b c
Or,
+ >
a b a
2
b c c
.....(i)
118
RAMKI
also
+ >
c d c
2
d e e
.....(ii)
Inequality (i) (ii)
| || |
+ + >
| |
\ .\ .
a b c d a c
4
b c d e c e
or.
| || |
+ + >
| |
\ .\ .
a b c d a
4
b c d e e
statement (1) is correct
Statement (2)
As A. M.
>
G.M.
5
b c d e a b c d e a
5
a b c d e a b c d e
+ + + + >
or,
b c d e a
5
a b c d e
+ + + + >
So, statement (2) is correct and is correct explanation for statement (1)
59.
Ans: (B)
Sol: Statement (1)
as a, b, c, d, are in HP
b is the single H.M. between a and c
also A.M. between a and c is
+ a c
2
as, A.M. > H.M.
+
>
a c
b
2
a + c > 2b ........(i)
c is the single H.M. between b and d
A.M. between b and d is
+ b d
2
as , A.M. > H .M.
+ b d
2
> c
b + d > 2c ...........(ii)
inequality (i) + (ii)
a +c + b+ d > 2b +2c
a+ d > b +c so statment (1) is correct
Statement (2) as a, b, c, d, are in H.P.
, , ,
1 1 1 1
a b c d
will be in A.P..
=
1 1 1 1
b a d c
RAMKI
or,
+ = +
1 1 1 1
a d b c
So, statement (2) is correct and is not correct explanation for statement (1)
60.
..........
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
S
1 2 3 4
= + + +
.........
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
1 3 5 7
| |
= + + + +
|
\ .
...........
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 4 6
| |
+ + + +
|
\ .
(rearrangement)
........ .........
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
S
4 1 3 5 1 2 3
| | | |
= + + + + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
...........
2 2 2
1 1 1 S
S
4 1 3 5
| |
= + + + +
|
\ .
...........
2 2 2
1 1 1 3
S
4 1 3 5
+ + + =
61. The method is same as in above question.
62.
.........
1 1 1 1
101 102 103 200
| |
+ + + +
|
\ .
......... ...........
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
2 3 200 2 3 100
| | | |
= + + + + + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
......... .......... .......
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
3 5 199 2 2 3 100 2 3 100
| | | | | |
= + + + + + + + + + + + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
............
1 1 1 1 1
1
2 3 4 199 200
= + + +
63. A-Q, B-R, C-P, D-S
Sol: We have by third and fourth conditions
2a = 2 + b
c
2
= 18b
Also a + b + c = 25
On solving the system, we will get a = 5, b = 8, c = 12
64. A-R, B-P, C-Q, D-S
Sol: 1
2
3
2
+ 5
2
7
2
+ ..... (4n 1)
2
= [1
2
+ 5
2
+ ....... + (4n 3)
2
] [3
2
+ 7
2
+ ........+ (4n 1)
2
]
( )
2 2
n n 1
16 8n 8n 8n 8n 8n
2
+
= + = + =
B-P
2
2
4
2
+ 6
2
8
2
+ ............ (4n)
2
120
RAMKI
= 2
2
[1 2
2
+ 3
2
4
2
+ .......... (2n)
2
]
= 2
2
{[1 + 2
2
+ + 3
2
+ 4
2
+ .......... + (2n)
2
] 2 [2
2
+ 4
2
+ 6
2
+ ....... + (2n)
2
]}
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2n 2n 1 4n 1 8n n 1 2n 1
6 6
( + + + +
(
(

= 2n
2
n
INTEGER ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. An infinite G.P. is selected from
1 1 1
1, , ,
2 4 8
to converge to 1/7. If 1/2
a
is the first term of such a G.P., find a.
2. Find the smallest natural number m > 90 for which
=
mtimes
n 111......1
is not a prime number. Hence find the value of m-87.
3. Suppose a, x, y, z and b are in A.P. when x + y + z = 15, and a, a, b, g, b are in H.P.. when 1/a + 1/b
+ 1/g = 5/3. Find a if a > b.
4. Find
=
| |
|
t + +
\ .
1
2 4
k 1
8 2k
tan
2 k k
5. Let a
1
, a
2
,.......,a
n
be an A.P. with common difference p/6 and assume
sec a
1
sec a
2
+ sec a
2
sec a
3
+.... + sec a
n1
sec a
n
.
= k (tan a
n
tan a
1
)
find the value of k.
6. If the lengths of the sides of a right triangle ABC right angled at C are in A.P., find
5 (sin A + sin B).
7. First term of an A.P. of non-constant terms is 3 and its second, tenth and thirty-fourth terms form a
G.P., find the common difference.
8. A ball is dropped from a height of 900 cm. Each time it rebounds, it rises to 2/3 of the height it has
fallen through. Find the two times of total distance travelled by the ball before it comes to rest in deca
meters.
9. Find the largest positive term of the A.P. whose first two terms are 2/5 and 12/23.
10. If log
x
y, log
z
x, log
y
z are in G.P. , xyz = 64 and x
3
, y
3
, z
3
are in A.P., find x + y + z.
RAMKI
Hints and Solutions
1. Let common ratio is
1
2
b
and
1
1
2
1
1 7
1
2
= = =

a
b
a
S
r
3& b a b = =
3& b a b = =
hence a = 3
2. for m = 91, n = (1111....91 times) is divisible by 3 since sum of digits is 91 which is divisible by 3 hence
n is not a prime number.
Hence m - 87 = 4
3. Let 2 , , , , 2 = = = = + = + a A d x A d y A z A d b A d
givin 15 5 + + = = x y z A
a 5 2d, b 5 2d = = +
also
1 1 1 1 1
, , , ,
a b
in A.P
1 1 1 3 1 1 5
2 3 a b
(
+ + = + =
(

or
3 1 1 5
2 5 2d 5 2d 3
| |
+ =
|
+
\ .

d 2 =
take d = -2 since a > b
hence a = 9
4.
( )( )
1
2 2
1
2
tan
1 1 1
=
+ + + +
n
K
k
k k k k
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1
2 2
1
1 1
tan
1 1 1
=
+ + +
+ + + +
n
K
k k k k
k k k k
122
RAMKI
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
1
tan 1 tan 1

=
+ + +
n
K
k k k k
( )
1 2 1
tan 1 tan 1

+ + n n
when n
Then summation
1
2 4
1
2
tan
2 2 4 4
=
= =
+ +
k
k
k k

Hence
8
4

is 2
5.
1 2 2 3 1
1 1 1
........
cos cos cos cos cos cos
+ +
n n
a a a a a a
( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 3 2 1
1 2 2 3 1
sin sin sin 1
.....
sin cos cos cos cos cos cos
| |
+ +
|
\ .
n n
n n
a a a a a a
d a a a a a a
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 3 2 n n 1
1
tan a tan a tan a tan a tan a tan a
sind

= + +
( )
1
1
tan tan
sin
=
n
a a
d
1
2
sin
K
d
= =
6. here
0 0
C 90 , A B 90 Z = + =
2 2 2
c a b &2b a c = + = +
since
2 2 2
c 2b a &c a b = = +
( )
2
2 2
2b a a b = +
or
b 4
a 3
=
sinB 4 sinB sinA 7
or
sinA 3 sinB sinA 1
+
= =

RAMKI
or
B A 1
cot
2 7
=
A B 7
cos
2 5 2
=
Also 5(sinA+SinB) =
A B
5 2 cos
2
=7
7.
2 10 34
T 3 d, T 3 9d, T 3 33d = + = + = +
since
2 10 34
T .T , T are in G.P
2
10 2 34
T T T =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 9d 3 d 3 33d + = + +
d 0,1 =
hence d = 1
8. According to question. total distance
2 3
2 2 2
h 2 h 2 h 2 h ...
3 3 3
| | | |
= + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
up to infinite
= ( )
2
h 2 h 3
3
+
=
5h 4500cm =
10 9000 9 h cm deca meters = =
9. Let last term is
n
T
( )
n
12 14
T n 1
23 115
| |
= +
|
\ .
=
74 14n
115
hence for n = 5 last positive term obtained.

10. According to question,
( ) ( )
3 3
y
z
x z
log z
log x
log x log z
log y log x
= =
x z =
124
RAMKI
Since
3 3 3 3 3
2y x z x y or x y = + = =
Pivln xyz 64&x y z = = =
x y z 4 = = =
&x y z 12 + + =
SUBJECTIVE QUESTION
1. (i) The value of x + y +z is 15. If a, x, y, z, b are in AP while the value of
1 1 1
x y z
+ +
.is
5
3
If a,x, y, z, b
are in HP then find a and b.
(ii) If x, y, z are in H.P. then show that
log (x +z) + log (x+ z -2y) = 2 log (x - z)
2. Ifthem
th
, n
rh
and p
th
terms of an A.P. and G.P. are equal and are x. y. z then prove that
x
y-z
y
z-x
z
x-y
=1.
3. The intreior angles of a polygon are in A.P. the smallest angle is 120
0
and the common difference is 5
0
,
Find the number of sides of the polygon.
4. Let the angles of a of triangle ABC be in A.P. and let b : c =
3
:
2
.Find the anlge A. A.
5. If n is natural number such that n =
3 1 2 k
1 2 3 k
p ,p .p .....p
o o o o
and p
1
, p
2
, ....p
k
are distinct primes, then show
that log n klog2 >
6. Let p be the first of the n arithmetic means between two numbers and q the first of n harmonic means
between the same numbers. Show that q does not lie between p and
2
n 1
p
n 1
+ | |
|
\ .
7. If S
1
, S
2
, S
3
, ......s
n
are the sums of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1,2,3,......., n and
whose common ratios are
1 1 1
, , ,
2 3 4
..........
1
n 1 +
respectively, then find the values of
8. If S
1
, S
2
, S
3
, ......s
n
are the sums of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1,2,3,......., n and
whose common ratios are
1 1 1
, , ,
2 3 4
..........
1
n 1 +
respectively, then find the values of
2 2 3 2
1 2 3 2n 1
S S S .........., s

+ + +
9. The fourth power of the common difference of an arithmetic progression with integer entries in added to
the product of any four consecutive terms of it, prove that the resulting sum is square of an integer.
10. Let a
1
, a
2
, ... be positive real number in G.P. for each n, let A
n
, G
n
, H
n
be respectively, the arithmetic
mean, geometric mean , harmonic mean of a
1
, a
2
.....a
n
. Find an expression for the geometric mean of
G
1
, g
2
, ....g
n
in terms of A
1
, A
2
, ......A
n
, H
1,
H
2
, ......H
n
.
RAMKI
11. Let a and b are positive real numbers. If a, A
1
.A
2
, b are in arithmetic progression a, G
1
, G
2
, b are in
G.P. and a, H
1
, H
2
,b are in H.P. show that
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
2a b a 2b G G A A
H ,H H H 9ab
+ + +
= =
+
12. If a, b and c are in arithmetic progression and a
2
, b
2
and c
2
are in Harmonic progression, then prove
that either a = b = c or a, b and -c/2 are in Geometric Progreeion.
13. If a, b, c are positive numbers, then prove that (1+a)
7
(1+b)
7
(1+c)
2
> 7
7
a
4
b
4
c
4
14. If total number of runs scored in n matches is
n 1
4
+ | |
|
\ .
(2
n+1
-n-2) where n > 1, and the runs scored in
the k
th
match are given by k 2
n+1-k
, where 1
s
k
s
n. find n
15. If
2 3 n
n 1
n
3 3 3 3
a ...( 1)
4 4 4 4
| | | | | |
= + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
and b
n
= 1 -a
n
, then find the least natural number
0
n such
that b
n
> a
n

0
n n > .
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Hints and Solutions
1. a + b = (a +x +y +z +b) - (x + y +z)
a + b = ( )
5
a b 15 a b 10
2
+ + =
..........(1)
a, x, y, z, b are in HP
1 1 1 1 1
, , , ,
a x y z b
are in AP AP
1 1 1 3 1 1 5
x y z 2 a b 3
| |
+ + = + =
|
\ .
a b 10
ab 9
+
=
or ab = 9
2. Solving for a and b using (a-b)
2
= (a+b)
2
- 4ab from (1) & (2) a = 9, b = 1 or a = 1, b = 9.
Then x = a + (m -1 ) d and x = b r
m-1
y = a+(n-1)d and y = b r
n-1
z= a + ( p-1) d and z = b r
p-1
x - y = (m-n) d, y -z = (n-p) d, z -x = ( p-m) d

Now
( ) ( ) ( ) n p d p m d m n d
y z z x x y m 1 n 1 p 1
x y z br br br

( ( (
=

= b
[n-p+p-m+m-n]d

r
[(m-1)(n-p)+(n-1) (p-m)+(m+n)]d
= b
0.d
r
0.d
= 1
126
RAMKI
3. Let the number of sides of the polygon be n Then the sum of all the interior angles = (n 180 -360) sum
of the interior angles .
= 120 + 125 + 130 .... to n terms
= ( )
n
240 n 1 5
2
( +

( )
0 0
n
240 n 1 5 n 180 360
2
( + =

n
2
- 25n + 144 = 0
(n-9) ( n-16) = 0
n = 9 or 16
But when n = 16, the greatest interior angle is 120
0
+(16-1)5 =195
0
which is not possible, for interior
angle is < 180.Hence the number of sides = 9.
4. A + B + C - 180
0
, 2B = A + C (
A, B, C are in A.P. )
3B = 180
0
B = 60
0
given
b c
k
3 2
= =
b k 3 =
c k 2 =
By the sine rule,
b c
sinB sinC
=
0
k 3 k 2 1
sinC
sinC sin60 2
= =
C = 45
0
C = 135
0
in impossible
A = 180
0
- (B +c)
= 180
0
- (60
0
+ 45
0
) = 75
0
5. Given that n =
3 1 2 k
.
1 2 3 k
p .p p .......p
o o o o
..........(1)
where n
e
N and
1 2 3 k
p ,p ,p .....p are distinct prime numbers
Taking log on both sides of eq. (1), we get
log n =a
1
log p
1
+ a
2
log p
2
+ ....+ a
k
log p
k
.........(2)
p
1
>
2
log
e i
p
>
log
e
2 ......(3)
RAMKI
i 1,........k =
Using (2) and (3) we get
log n
>
a
1
log 2+ a
2
log 2+ a
3
log

2 +......+a
k
log 2
log n
>
(a
1
+ a
2
+....+a
k
) log 2
log n
>
k log 2.
6. Suppose the given two numbers to be A and B. Then the n arithmetic means are
a
1
, a
2,
a
3
, a
4
, a
5
,....................a
n
So p = A + d = A +
B A
n 1
+
p =
nA B
n 1
+
+
For Harmonic progression, Suppose x
1
, x
2
, ......x
n
to be Harmonic means then Harmonic progression
for N +2 term is given by
A, x
1,
x
2
, x
3
,.....x
n
, B
Or q= I
st
Harmonic mean =
( ) n 1 AB
nB A
+
+
Now we have to prove that q does not lies between p and
2
n 1
p
n 1
+ | |
|
\ .
So the prove the given, we have to show that q is less than p. For this
Let
( ) ( )
( )
2
nA B nB A
p
q
n 1 AB
+ +
=
+
Then
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
+ + + +
=
+
2
2 2 2
2
n A B AB n 1 n 1 AB
p
1
q
n 1 AB
7. The sum of the series a + ar+ ar
2
+ ...........=
a
1 r
from this the sum of given series = S
k
=
k
k 1
1
1
k 1
= +
Now the sum of series, here

2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3
S S S ........... 2 3 .........(2n) + + + = +
128
RAMKI
=
2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 .............(2n) 1 + + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) 2n 2n 1 2 2n 1
1
6
+ +
=
( ) ( ) n 2n 1 4n 1 3
3
+ +
=
8. Since, x
1
, x
2
. x
3
are the roots of x
3
- x
2
+ bx +g = 0
we have
1
x
= a -d + a+a +d =1 ......(1)
1 2
x x = (a -d) a+a(a+d)
+(a-d) (a +d) = b .......(2)
a b g = (a-d) a( a+d) = - g ......(3)
From (1), we get 3a = 1 a = 1/3
From (2) , we get, 3a
2
-d
2
= b
3(1/3)2-d
2
= b 1/3 -b =d
2
1
0
3
| >
2
d 0 >
1
3
| s |e
1
( , ]
3
From (3), a (a
2
- d
2
) = - g

2
1 1
d
3 9
| |
=
|
\ .
2
1 1
d
27 3
=
2
1 1
d
27 3
+ =
1
0
27
+ >
1
27
>
1
,
27
(
e
(

Hence b
1
( , )
3
e
and
1
[ , ]
27
e
9. Let four consecutive terms of the A.P. be a-3d, a-d, a+d and a+3d, Common difference in 2d.
Given a -3d, a-d, a+d and a+3d are integer s . Therefore, 2d is also an integer.
Now
E= (a - 3d) (a -d) (a +d) (a +3d) +(2d)
4
RAMKI
= (a
2
9d
2
)(a
2
- d
2
) + 16d
4
=a
4
- 10d
2
a
2
+ 9d
4
+16d
4
E = (a
2
-5d
2
)
2
is an integer
(As a-3d, a+ 3d and 2d are integers a
2
-5d
2
is also an integer)
Thus, E is the square of an integer
10. Let a be the first term and r be the common ration of the G.P. a
1,
a
2,
a
3
,....... then a
k
= ar
k-1
for k =1,2,3....
As a
1
, a
2
, .... are positive real numbers
a>0 , and r > 0
I case : when r
=
1
we have A
n
=
1
n
(a
1
+ a
2
+ .......+a
n
)

n 1
1 2
1
(a a ...... ar )
n
+ + +
( ) ( )
n n
a 1 r a 1 r
1
n 1 r n(1 r)
(

(
= =
(

G
n
= (a
1
, a
2
...a
n
)
1
n
and
n 1
n 1 2 n
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
... ...
H n a a a n a ar ar

| |
| |
= + + + = + + +
|
|
\ .
\ .
n 1
n
n
n(1 r)ar
H
1 r
Thus A
n
H
n
=
n n 1
n
a(1 r ) n(1 r)ar
.
n(1 r) 1 r

= a
2
r
2(n-1)
= G
2
n
Next, let G be geometric mean of G, G
2
, ...G
n
then
G= (G
1
G
2
...G
n
)
1/n
2n 2
1 2 n
G (G G .....G ) =
=
(A
1
A
2
.....A
n
) (H
1
H
2
.....H
n
)(A
1
H
1
)(A
2
H
2
)....(A
n
H
n
)
1/ 2n
1 2 n 1 2 n
G (A , A ........A HH ........H ) =
II case : When r = 1
130
RAMKI
In this case A
n
=
1
(a a .... a) a
n
+ + + =
Similarly G
n
= a and H
n
= a
Also A
n
H
n
= a
2
=G
n
2
In this case too,
G= (A
1
, A
2
...A
n
H
1
H
2
....H
n
)
1/2n
11. Since a , A
1,
A
2
,b are in A.P. A
1
+A
2
= a + b ........(1)
a, G
1
, G
2
b are in G.P.
1 2
G G ab =
a, H
1
, H
2
b are in HP
1 2
3ab 3ab
H ,H
2b a b 2a
= =
+ +
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
H H A A a b
HH ab G G
+ + +
= =
+
from (1) and (2)
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
G G A A
HH H H
+
=
+
........(3)
we also know a, H
1
, H
2
, b, are in H.P.
1
1 1 1 1 1
H a 3 b a
| |
= +
|
\ .
we get
1
3ab
H
2b a
=
+
and similarly for
2
3ab
H
2a b
=
+
sub stituting (3), we get desired result
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
2b a 2a b A A
H H 9ab
+ + +
=
+
Hence proved.
12. Given that 2b = a+ c ......(1)
a
2
, b
2
c
2
are in H.P.
and
2 2
2
2 2
2a c
b
a c
=
+
........(2)
From (2)
2 2
2
2
2a c
b
4b 2ac
=
using (1)
RAMKI
2 2
(ac b )(ac 2b ) 0 + =
2
b ac =
or 2b
2
= -ac
Case I : b
2
= ac
2
a c
ac
2
+ | |
=
|
\ .
using(1)
a c =
a = b= c, as a, b,, c, are in A.P..
Case II : 2b
2
= -ac
a, b, -c /2 are in G.P..
13. A.M.
G.M. >
( )
1
4 4
7
a b c ab bc ca abc
a b c
7
4
+ + + + + +
>
a +b+c +ab+bc+ca+abc
>
7(a
4
b
4
c
4
)
1/7
1 + a + b + c + ab + bc + ca + abc
>
7(a
4
b
4
c
4
)
1/7
(1+a) (1+b) (1+c)
>
7
(a
4
b
4
c
4
)
1/7
)(1 +a)
7
(1+b)
7
(1+c)
7

>
7
7
(a
4
b
4
c
4
)
14.
n n
n 1 k n 1 k
n
k 1 k 1
S k.2 2 k.2
+ +
= =
= =

n
n 1
1 1
1
1 2 2
2
1 1
1 1
2 2
+
( | |
| (
\ .
(
=
(

(

n 2 n 2
n n 1
1 n
2 1 2 4 2n
2 2
+ +
+
(
= =
(

so, S
n
=
n 1
n 1
(2 2 n)
4
+
+

(as given)
So, ( ) ( )
+ +
+
=
n 1 n 1
n 1
2 2 n 2 2 n 2
4
n +1 = 8 , n =7
132
RAMKI
15. a
n
=
( )
| | | | | |
+ +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
2 3 n
n 1 3 3 3 3
.... 1
4 4 4 4
n
n
3 3
1
4 4
3 3
1
3
7 4
1
4
| |
| |
|
|
|
| |
\ .
| |
\ .
| = =
|
|
\ .
\ . +
b
n
= 1 -a
n

and b
n

>

a
n

0
n n >
n
6 3
1 1
7 4
(
| |
< (
|
\ . (

n
n 1 2n 1
3 1
( 3) 2
4 6
+
| |
< <
|
\ .
for n to be even, inequality always holds. For n to be odd, it holds for n
>
7.
The least natural number for which it holds is 6

(
it holds for every even natural numbers)

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
1. The sum of the two numbers is
1
2
6
. An even numbers of arithmetic means are inserted between them
and their sum exceeds their number by 1. Then the number of means inserted is
(A) 6 (B) 8
(C) 12 (D) 15
2. If a and b are the roots of the equation x
2
ax + b = 0 and v
n
= a
n
+ b
n
, also
v
n+1
= av
n
bv
n1
then the value of a
5
+ b
5
is .
(A) a
5
+5a
3
b + 5 ab
2
(B) b
5
+ 5b
3
a +5a
2
b
(C) a
5
- 5a
3
b + 5ab
2
(D) a
5
+ b
5
+5ab
3. 111 ....... 1 (91 times) is a
(A) Prime number (B) Conposite number
(C) Not a integer (D) None of these
4. The sum of16 terms of the series
18
8 16 128
.........
5 65 2 1
+ + +
+
is
RAMKI
(A)
540
1088
(B)
1088
545
(C)
1001
500
(D)
1013
545
5. If ( ) ( )
1 1 1
f r 1 ......... and f 0 0
2 3 r
= + + + + =
, then value of
( ) ( )
n
r 1
2r 1 f r
=
+
(A) n
2
f(n) (B) (n + 1)
2
f (n+1)
2
n 3n 2
2
+ +
(C) (n +1)
2
f(n)
2
n n 1
2
+ +
(D) None of these
6. Two consecutive numbers from 1, 2, 3, ........ n are removed Arithmetic mean of the remaining numbers
105
4
then n and those removed numbers are.
(A) 7, 8 40 B) 50 , 7,8
(C) 50, 15 ,6 (D) 40,4, 6
7. A sequence a
1
,a
2
,a
3
, ........... an of real numbers such that
1 2 1 3 2 n n 1
a 0, a a 1, a a 1,......., a a 1
= = + = + = +
then the arithmetic mean
( )
1 2 n
a a ........... a
n
+ + +
of these numbers can not be less than
(A) -1 (B)
1
2
(C) -2 (D) -3
8. Solution of the system of equation
2x
4
= y
4
+ 2
4
, xyz = 8
knowing that the logarithms log
y
x, log
z
y, log
x
z form a geometric progression is
(A) x = y = =z = 2 (B) x = y = 2 , z = 3
(C) x = 2, y = z = 3 (D) x = y = z= 3
9. Given that a
1
, a
2
, .......... a
n
form an arithmetic progression with common difference 2 &a
1
= 1 then the
following sum
+ +
=
+
=
+ +
10
i i 1 i 2
i 1
i i
aa a
S
a a 2
is
(A) 920 (B) 865
(C) 720 (D) 635
134
RAMKI
10. If a, b, c be distinct positive in G.P. and log
c
a, log
b
c, log
a
b be in A.P., then common difference of this
A.P. is .
(A) 3/2 (B) 1/2
(C) 2 (D) 5/2
11. A three digit number whose consecutive numbers form a G.P. If we subtract 792 from this number, we
get a number consisting of the same digits written in the reverse order. Now if we increase the second
digit of the required number by 2, the resulting number will form an A.P. Then the number is
(A) 139 (B) 927
(C)931 (D) 763
12. A man invests Rs. P at the end of the first year, Rs. 2P at the end of the second year,
Rs. 3P at the end of the third year, and so. on, upto the end of the nth year. If the rate of interest in Rs.
r per and the interest is compounded annually, then the amount the man will receive at the end of the
(n + 1) year is
(A)
( ) +
2
2
p r 1
r
(B)
( )
( )
( )
(
+ +
+

n
2
2
p r 1) r 1 1
np r 1
r r
(C)
( )
( )
(
+ +

n
2
2
p r 1) r 1 1
r
(D)
( ) + np r 1
r
13. The nth term of a series is given by
5 3
n 4 2
n n
t
n n 1
+
=
+ +
and if sum of its n terms can be expressed as
2
n n 2
n
1
S a a
b b
= + +
+
, where a
n
and b
n
are the nth terms of some arithmetic progressions and a, b are
some constant, then
n
n
b
a
equal to.
(A)
n 2
(B)
n
2
(C)
1
2
(D) 2
14. The numbers 1, 5, 25 can be three terms (not necessarily consecutive) of
(A) at least one A.P. (B) at least one G.P.
(C) infinite number of A.Ps (D) infinite number of G.P.s
RAMKI
15 If the a, b, g are the roots of an equation x
3
+ bx
2
+ 3x 1 = 0 ( , , , o s | s o | are in H.P.) then
(A) one of the roots must be 1
(B) one root is smaller than 1, other is greater than 1
(C) ) b 3, e
(D) all the roots must be equal

16. Three positive real numbers a, b, c are such that a
2
, b
2
, c
2
are terms of an arithmetic progression. Then
(A) a, b, c are terms of a geometric progression
(B) (b + c), (c + a), (a + b) are terms of a geometric progression
(C) (b + c), (c + a), (a + b) are terms of a harmonic progression
(D) the condition of a, b, c being positive numbers may be withdrawn
17. The natural numbers are divided into groups 1; 2, 3, 4; 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and so on,
then
(A) 1st number of 10
th
group is 80
(B) 1st number of the 10
th
group is 82
(C) 10
th
group will contain 19 terms
(D) Sum of the elements in 10
th
group will be 1729
18. Let n n 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
S ........... and T 2
n, 1 2 3 n
= + + + + =
then
(A) S
2
< T
2
(B) If S
k
< T
k
then S
K
+ 1 < T
k+1
(C) S
n
< T
n
for all
n 2 >
(D) S
n
> T
n
for all
n 2007 >
19. Let ( ) ( )
n 1 1 1 1
n 1 . ......... 1
2 3 n
o = + +
(A) ( )
1 1 1
........... 2n
n 1 n 2 2n
+ + + = o
+ +
(B) ( ) 2n 1 n o <
(C) ( ) 2n 0.5 n o > (D) ( ) 0.5 n 1 n < o <
20. Let a sequence {a
n
} be defined by
n
1 1 1 1
a .............
n 1 n 2 n 3 3n
= + + + +
+ + +
(A)
2
7
a
12
=
(B)
2
19
a
20
=
(C)
( ) ( ) ( )
n 1 n
9n 5
a a
3n 1 3n 2 3n 3
+
+
=
+ + +
(D)
( )
n 1 n
2
a a
3 n 1
+

=
+
136
RAMKI
21. If |x| < 1, then 1 + 2
3
x + 3
3
x
2
+ 4
3
x
3
+ ...... + n
3
x
n1
+ ......
must be
(A)
( )
2
3
1 4x x
1 x
+ +
(B)
( )
2
4
1 4x x
1 x
+ +
(C) rational function of x (D) a polynomial function of x

22 A sequence {a
n
} is defined as a
0
= 9 and a
n+1

4 3
n n
3a 4a = +
. Then
(A) a
2
+ 1 is divisible by 10
4
(B) a
3
s divisible by 3
8
(C) a
n
+ 1 is divisible by
n
2
10
(D) a
n
is divisible by 3
2n
23. The sequence {x
n
} satisfies x
1
= 0 and
2
n 1 n n
x 5x 24x 1
+
= + + . Then
(A) x
n
is rational for all n (B) x
n
is rational for all
n 24 s
(C) x
n+1
= 10x
n
x
n1
(D) x
n
is positive integer for all n
24. STATEMENT-1 : The maximum number of acute angles in a convex polygon of n sides is 3
STATEMENT-2 : The sum of internal angles of any convex polygon is (n 2) 180
0
25. Suppose four distinct positive numbers a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, a
4
are in G.P.
Let b
1
= a
1
, b
2
= b
1
+ a
2
, b
3
= b
2
+ a
3
and b
4
= b
3
+ a
4
.
STATEMENT-1 : The numbers b
1
, b
2
, b
3
, b
4
are neither in A.P. nor in G.P.
STATEMENT-2 : The numbers b
1
, b
2
, b
3
, b
4
are in H.P.
26. STATEMENT-1 :
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
n n 1 1 2 n
............
1 3 3 5 2n 1 2n 1 2 2n 1
+
+ + + =
+ +
because
STATEMENT-2 :
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
.........
1 3 3 5 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1
+ + + =
+ +
27. STATEMENT-1 : ( )
k k k
k
for k 0, let S n 1 2 .......... n , > = + + +
then ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
4
1
S n n n 1 2n 1 3n n 1
30
= + + + +
STATEMENT-2 :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
k 1
k k 1 1 0
k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1
S n S n ......... S n S n n 1 1
1 2 k k 1
+
+ + + + | | | | | | | |
+ + + + = +
| | | |
+
\ . \ . \ . \ .
RAMKI
28. Let a
0
, a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ........... be an arithmetic progression
STATEMENT-1 : sin a
2
+ sin a
4
+ ............ + sin a
2n
( )
1 2n 1
2 1
cos a cos a
2sin a a
+
STATEMENT-2 : cos a
2
+ cos a
4
+ ........... + cos a
2n
=
( )
2n 1 1
2 1
cos a cos a
2cos a a
+

Comprehension Type Question

Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) a
P
2931
The numbers, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, ............ are called triangular numbers. Let t
n
denotes the nth
triangular number then it can be observed that t
1
=1, t
2
= 3, t
n
= t
n1
+ n. Answer the following questions.
29. t
100
must be equal to
(A) 5050 (B) 5151
(C) 5252 (D) None of these
30. If m is the nth triangular number then
(A)
1 8m 1
n
2
+ +
= (B)
1 8m 1
n
2
+
=
(C)
1 4m 1
n
2
+
= (D) None of these
31. The number of positive integers lying between t
50
and t
51
must be
(A) 50 (B) 51
(C) 52 (D) None of these
P
3234
Let v
r
denote the sum of first r terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first term is r and the
common difference is (2r 1). Let T
r
= V
r+1
V
r
2.
( )
r r 1 r r
r
1 1
Q T T, W
T 4 r 1
+
= = +
+
and
r
Q
r
X 3 for r 1,2,... = =
32. The sum
1 2 n
V V ... V + + + is:
(A) ( ) ( )
2
1
n n 1 3n n 1
12
+ +
(B) ( ) ( )
2
1
n 1 3n n 2
12
+ + +
(C) ( )
2
1
n 2n n 1
2
+
(D) ( )
3
1
2n 2n 3
3
+
138
RAMKI
33. T
r
is always :
(A) an odd number (B) an even number
(C) a prime number (D) a composite number
34. Which one of the following is a correct statement ?
(A) Q
1
, Q
2
, Q
3
, ..... are in A.P. with common difference 5.
(B) Q
1
, Q
2
, Q
3
(C) Q
1
, Q
2
, Q
3
(D) Q
1
= Q
2
= Q
3
= ....
P
3537
Let ABCD is a unit square and 0 < a < 1. Each side of the square is divided in the ratio a : 1 a, as shown
in figure. These points are connected to obtain another square. The sides of new square are divided in the
ratio a : 1 a and points are joined to obtain another square. The process is continued indefinitely. Let a
n
denote the length of side and A
n
the area of the nth square
35. The value of a for which n
n 1
8
A
3
=
=
is
(A) 1/3, 2/3 (B) 1/4, 3/4
(C) 1/5, 4/5 (D) 1/2
36. The value of a for which side of nth square equals the diagonals of (n + 1)th square is
(A) 1/3 (B) 1/4
(C) 1/2 (D)
1/ 2
37. If a = 1/4 and P
n
denotes the perimeter of the nth square then n
n 1
P
=
equals
(A) 8/3 (B) 32/3
(C) 16/3 (D) none of these
RAMKI
matched. Statements (A, B, C, D) in Column I have to be matched with statements (p, q, r, s) in Column II.
The answers to these questions have to be appropriately bubbles as illustrated in the following example.If the
correct matches are Ap, As, Bq, Br, Cp, Cq and Ds, then the correctly bubbled 4 4 matrix should be
as follows :
______________________________________________________________________________
38. Match the sequence a
1
, a
2
, a
3
,...... whose n
th
term is given on the left with properties of the squence
on the right.
Column I Column II
(A) a
n
=
/ 2
0
1 cos2nx
dx
1 cos2x
t

}
(p) a
1
, a
2
, a
3
.... are in A. P.
(B) I
n
=
/ 4
n
0
tan x dx
t
}
and n
n 1 n 3
1
a
I I
+ +
=
+
(q) a
1
, a
2
, a
3
.... in G. P
(C) a
n
=
2
/ 4
0
sin nx
dx
sinx
t
}
(r) a
1
, a
2
, a
3
.... are in H. P

n 0 >
and
n n n 1
a I I n 1
= > .
(D)
2
/ 2
n 2
0
sin nx
b dx
sin x
t
=
}
(s) a
1
, a
2
, a
3
.... is a constant sequence.
n n n 1
a b b n 1
= > (t) a
1
, a
2
, a
3
.... is A.G.P.
39. Let a
1
, a
2
, a
3
, ...... be a geometric progression such that
( ) ( )
10 m 10 n
1 1
log a andlog a
n m
= =
for two fixed positive integer m and n, with m < n, then
Column I Column II
(A) a
2m+n
(p) 10
1/m1/n
s(B) a
mn
(q) 10
(C) a
m+n
(r) 10
2/n+1/m
(D) a
nm
(s) 10
1/n+1/m
140
RAMKI
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
(ANSWER KEY)
1-C 2-C 3-B 4-B 5-B 6-B
7-B 8-A 9-B 10-A 11-C 12-B
13-D 14-A,B,C,D 15-A,D 16-C,D 17-B,C,D 18-B,C
19-A,B,C 20-B,C 21-B,C 22-A,C 23-A,C,D 24-B
25-C 26-C 27-D 28-C 29-A 30-B
31-A 32-A 33-D 34-B 35-B 36-C
37-D
38- A P BP CR DP,Q,R,S
39. A R BQ C S DP
Hints And Solutions
Additional Questions
1. Let the two numbers a and b
given
13
a b
6
+ =
and A.M. s are A
1
, A
2
, ......... A
2n
inserted between a and b.
Here a, A
1
, A
2
, ..................., A
2n
, b are in A.P. then given condition
A
1
+ A
2
+ ......... + A
2n
= 2n + 1
or (a + A
1
+ A
2
+ ......... + A
2n
+ b) (a + b) = 2n + 1
or
( )
( ) ( )
2n 2
a b a b 2n 1
2
+
+ + = +
or n (a + b) = 2n + 1
or 13n = 12n + 6
or n = 6
Hence number of means are 12
2. a + b = a, ab = b and v
n
= a
n
+ b
n
v
n+1
= a
n+1
+ b
n+1
\ v
2
= a
2
2b
= (a + b) (a
n
+ b
n
) ab (a
n1
+ b
n1
)
RAMKI
v
n+1
= av
n
bv
n1
....... (i)
v
5
= a
5
+ b
5
= av
4
bv
3
= a [av
3
bv
2
] bv
3
= (a
2
b) v
3
abv
2
= (a
2
b) [av
2
bv
1
] abv
2
= (a
3
2ab) (a
2
2b) ab (a
2
b)
Hence a
5
+ b
5
= a
5
5a
3
b + 5ab
2
.
3. We have
1111 + .......... 1 (91 times)
= 1 + 10 + 10
2
+ .......... + 10
90
91
10 1
10 1
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )

=

7 91
7
10 1 10 1
.
10 1 10 1
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

=

13
7
7
7
10 1
10 1
.
10 1 10 1
= (10
84
+ 10
77
+ 10
70
+ ........ 10
7
+ 1) (10
6
+ 10
5
+ 10
4
+ 10
3
+ 10
2
+ 10 + 1)
= product of two integers (> 2). so is not a prime number.
4. Since
n
n 4
r 1
8r
S
4r 1
=
=
+
( ) ( )
n
2 2
r 1
8r
2r 2r 1 2r 2r 1 =
=
+ + +
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
n
2 2
r 1
2r 2r 1 2r 2r 1
2
2r 2r 1 2r 2r 1 =
+ + +
=
+ + +
n
2 2
r 1
1 1
2
2r 2r 1 2r 2r 1
=
| |
=
|
+ + +
\ .
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 .......
1 5 5 13 2n 2n 1 2n 2n 1

= + + +
`
+ + +
)
142
RAMKI
2
1
2 1
2n 2n 1

=
`
+ +
)
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
2 2n 2n
4n 4n
2n 2n 1 2n 2n 1
+
+
= =
+ + + +
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
16 2
4 16 4 16
1088
S
545
2 16 2 16 1
+
= =
+ +
5. Since
( ) ( )
n
r 1
2r 1 f r
=
+
( ) ( )
n
2 2
r 1
r 2r 1 r f r
=
= + +
( )
{ }
( )
n
2
2
r 1
r 1 r f r
=
= +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
{ }
n
2 2 2
2
r 1
r 1 f r r 1 f r 1 r 1 f r 1 r f r
=
= + + + + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) { } ( ) ( ) ( )
{ }
n n
2 2
2
r 1 r 1
r 1 f r f r 1 r 1 f r 1 r f r
= =
= + + + + +

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
n n 1 n
2 2
2
r 1 r 1 r 1
r 1
r 1 f r 1 n 1 f n 1 r f r
r 1
= = =
+
= + + + + + +
+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
n
2 2 2
r 1
r 1 2 f 2 3 f 3 ........ n f n
=
= + + + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
2
2 2 2 2
n 1 f n 1 1 f 1 2 f 2 3 f 3 ......... n f n + + + + + + +
( ) ( ) ( )
n n
2
2
r 1 r 1
r 1 n 1 f n 1 1 f 1
= =
= + + +

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
n n 1
n n 1 f n 1 f 1
2
+
= + + +
( ) ( )
( ) 2
n n 3
n 1 f n 1 1
2
+
= + +
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
n 3n 2
n 1 f n 1
2
+ +
= + +
RAMKI
6. Let p and (p + 1) be removed number from 1, 2, .........., n then sum of remaining numbers
( )
( )
n n 1
2p 1
2
+
= +
From given condition
( )
( )
( )
n n 1
2p 1
105
2
4 n 2
+
+
=
2
2n 103n 8p 206 0 + =
since n and p are integers so n must be even let n = 2r
we get
( )
2
4r 103 1 r
p
4
+
=
Since p is an integer then (1 r) must be divisible by 4. Let r = 1 + 4t,
we get
n = 8t + 2 and p = 16t
2
95t + 1, Now 1 p n s <
2
1 16t 95t 1 8t 2 s + < +
t 6 =
n 50 and p 7 = =
Hence removed no. are 7 & 8.
7. Let us add one more number a
n+1
, to the given sequence. The number a
n+1
is such that
n n 1
a 1 a
+
+ = . squaring all the numbers, we have
2
1
a 0 =
2 2
2 1 1
a a 2a 1 = + +
2 2
3 2 2
a a 2a 1 = + +
..................................
...................................
2 2
n n 1 n 1
a a 2a 1

= + +
2 2
n 1 n n
a a 2a 1
+
= + +
Adding, we get
144
RAMKI
n 1 n n
2 2
i i i
i 1 i 1 i 1
a a 2 a n
+
= = =
= + +

n
2
i n 1
i 1
2 a n a n
+
=
= + >
n
i
i 1
n
a
2
=
>
1 2 n
a a ......... a 1
n 2
+ + +
>
8.
y z x
log x,log y,log z are in G.P. .
( )
2
z y x
log y log x log z =
or
( )
2
z
z
1
log y
log y
=
or
( )
3
z z
log y 1 log y 1 = =
it is possible when y = z (x, y, z > 0)
from 2x
4
= y
4
+ z
4
2x
4
= 2y
4
x = y = z
from xyz = 8,
x
3
= 8
x 2 x y z 2 = = = =
9.
1 2 n
a ,a ,.........,a are in A.P. .
i 2 i 1 i 1 i
a a a a d
+ + +
= = (say)
i i 2
i 1
a a
a
2
+
+
+
=
+ +
+
= = +
+
= =
+

n n
i i 1 i 2
i i 2
i 1 i 1 i i 2
aa a 1
S aa
a a 2
( ) ( )
n n
2 2 2 2 2
i 1 1 1
i 1 i 1
1 1
S a d a 2a di i 1 d
2 2
+
= =
(
= = + +

RAMKI
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1
n n 1 n n 1 2n 1
1
na 2a d nd d
2 2 6
( + + +
= + +
(

( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
n 1 2n 5
n
a a d n 1 d
2 6
( +
= + + +
(

10. Let r be the common ratio then b = ar, c = ar
2
and log
c
a, log
b
c, log
a
b are in A.P.
e e e
e e e
log a log c log b
, ,
log c log b log a
are in A.P. .
( )
( )
2
e
e e
2
e e e
log ar
log a log ar
, ,
log ar log a log ar
are in A.P. .
so
e e e e e
e e e e e
log a log a 2log r log a log r
, ,
log a 2log r log a log r log a
+ +
+ +
are in A.P. .
Putting
e
e
log r
x
log a
=
we get
1 1 2x
, ,1 x
1 2x 1 x
+
+
+ +
are in A.P. .
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 1 2x
1
1 x
1 x 1 2x
+
= + +
+ +
3 2
2x 3x 3x 0 =
since a, b, c are distinct so
r 1 =
, so
x 0 =
2
2x 3x 3 0 =
( )
1
x 3 33
4
=
then
( )
( )
1
1 x 3
1 2x
+ =
+
, so the common differences of A.P. is 3/2.
11. Let the three digit be a, ar, ar
2
then according to hypotesis
100a + 10 ar + ar
2
+ 792 = 100 ar
2
+ 10 ar + a , i.e. a (r
2
1) = 8 and a, ar + 2, ar
2
are in A.P.
then 2 (ar + 2) = a + ar
2
so r = 3 & a = 1. Thus digits are 1, 3, 9 and so the required number is 931.
146
RAMKI
12. An amount of Rs. P will earn interest for n years. Therefore Rs. P will become
P (1 + r)
n
at the end of (n + 1) years. Rs. 2P will earn interest for (n 1) years. Therefore
Rs. 2P will become 2P (1 + r)
n1
at the end of (n + 1) years and so on. Thus, the amount the man will
recieve is
P (1 + r)
n
+ 2P (1 + r)
n1
+ ......... + nP (1 + r)
Let S = P (1 + r)
n
+ 2P (1 + r)
n1
+ .......... nP (1 + r)
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n 1 n 2 S
P 1 r 2 1 r ....... n 1 1 r n
1 r

(
= + + + + + + +

+
Subtracting we get
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
n n 1 Sr
P 1 r P 1 r ......... P 1 r nP
r 1
= + + + + + +
+
( ) ( )
n
P 1 r 1 r 1
nP
r
(
+ +

=
( ) ( )
( )
2 n
2
P r 1 r 1
nP r 1
S
r r
(
+ +
+

=
13. Since,
5 3
n 4 2 4 2
n n n
t n
n n 1 n n 1
+
= =
+ + + +
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
n
2 n n 1 2 n n 1
= +
+ + +
\ sum of n terms
n
n n
n 1
S t
=
=
n
n 2 2
n 1
1 1 1
S n
2 n n 1 n n 1
=
| |
= +
`
|
+ + +
\ . )
( )
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 ........ n 1 .....
2 3 7 3 13 7 n n 1 n n 1

= + + + + + + + + +
`
+ + +
)
( )
2
n n 1
1 1
1
2 2 n n 1
+

= + +
`
+ +
)
( )
2
2
n n 1 1 1
.
2 2 2 2 n n 1
= + + +
+ +
2
2
n 1 1 1 1
8 2 2n 2n 1 2 2 2
| |
= + +
|
+ +
\ .
RAMKI
2
2
n 1 5 1
8 2 2 2
1 3
n 2
2
2
| |
= + +
|
\ . | |
+ +
|
\ .
but given
2
n n 2
n
1
S a a
b b
= + +
+
On comparing we get
| | | |
= + = = + =
| |
\ . \ .
n n
n 1 5 1 3
a , a ,b n 2 ,b
8 2 2 2 2 2
Hence,
n
n
a 1
b 2
=
, which is constant.
14. Let 1, 5, 25 be the p
th
, q
th
, r
th
terms of an A.P. with common difference d, then
(q p) d = 5 1 and (r p) d = 25 1
( )
q p r p
k say
1 6

= =
q p k, r p 6k = + = + where k is any natural number. .
Let 1, 5, 25 be the p
th
, q
th
, r
th
terms of a G.P., with common ratio R, then
R
qp
= 5, R
rp
= 25
r p 2q 2p r p 2q 0 = + =
There exist infinitely many triplets of natural numbers satisfying this relation.
15 Take,
1 1 1
, ,
p q p p q
o = | = =
+
Then S =
1 1 1
b
p q p p q
+ + =
+
........(i)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
3
p p q p p q p q p q
+ + =
+ +
........(ii)
and
( ) ( )
1
P 1
p q p p q
= =
+
.....(iii)
From (ii) and (iii) we easily get p = 1, whence from (iii) q = 0 1 o = | = =
from (i), b = 3
148
RAMKI
16. Given
2 2 2
a c 2b + =
Consider,
( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 1
c a a b b c

+ + +
=
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2ab 2ac 2bc 2b bc ab ac c ac a bc ab
c a a b a c
+ + +
+ + +
=
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2b c a
0
c a a b b c

=
+ + +
( )
2 2 2
a c 2b + =

2 1 1
c a a b b c
= +
+ + +
( ) ( ) ( ) b c , c a , a b + + + are in H.P..
Also, we can withdraw the given condition of a, b, c being positive.
17. First group is ending at 1
2
Second group is ending at 2
2
Third group is ending at 3
2
and so on.
9th group is ending at 9
2
first element of 10
th
group is 82
Now, 1
st
, second and third group are having 1, 3, 5, 7, ........... elements
(an A.P. whose nth term is 2n 1)
10
th
group will contain 19 element
Now sum of elements in 10
th
group
= 82 + 83 + 84 + .......... upto 19 terms
( )
19
2 82 19 1 1729
2
= + = (

18.
2 2 2 2
1 1 5 3
S , T
4 2 1 2
= + = =
2
3
S
2
<
(a) is true
If S
k
< T
k
Then
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
............ 2
k 1 2 k
+ + + <
RAMKI
on adding
( )
2
1
1 k +
on both side
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
.......... 2
k 1 2 k
1 k k 1
+ + + + < +
+ +
Now
( )
2
1 1 1
2 2
k k 1
k 1
<
+
+
will be true if
( )
2
1 1 1
k k 1
k 1
+ >
+
+
or (k + 1)2 + k
>
k (k + 1)
or k
2
+ 3k + 1
>
k
2
+ k which is true.
k 1 k 1
S T
+ +
<
19.
1 1 1
..........
n 1 n 2 2n
+ + +
+ +
1 1 1 1 1
1 ........... 1 .......
2 3 2n 2 n
| | | |
= + + + + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 ....... 1 ......... 1 .........
3 2n 1 2 2 n 2 n
| | | | | |
= + + + + + + + + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
1 1 1 1 1
1 ...........
2 3 4 2n 1 2n
= + +
Also,
( )
n times
1 1 1
2n .......... 1
n n n
o < + + + =
and
( )
n times
1 1 1 1
2n .......... n
2n 2n 2n 2
o > + + + > s
(d) is not correct as a (1) = 1

20. a
n
is sum of reciprocals of natural numbers starting at n + 1 and ending at 3n
\
2
1 1 1 1 19
a
3 4 5 6 20
= + + + =
\
n 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
a ....
n 2 n 3 3n 3n 1 3n 2 3n 3
+
= + + + + + +
+ + + + +
150
RAMKI
n 1 n
1 1 1 1
a a
3n 1 3n 2 3n 3 n 1
+
= + +
+ + + +
=
1 1 2
3n 1 3n 2 2n 3
+
+ + +
1 1 2
3n 1 3n 2 3n 3
= +
+ + +
( ) ( ) ( )
9n 5
3n 1 3n 2 3n 3
+
=
+ + +
21.
3 3 2 3 n 1
S 1 2 x 3 x ... n x

= + + + +
......(i)

3 2 3 3 3 n 1 3 n
Sx x 2 x 3 x ... (n 1) x n x
= + + + + + ......(ii)
equation (ii) (i) we get
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
n 2
n
3 n 2 n
2 3 4
1 x x 4x 1
3nx x 1
n x 3n x
S
x 1
x 1 x 1 1 x
+ +
+
= + +

For |x| < 1, x
n
as n
Sum of the series is

( )
2
4
x 4x 1
1 x
+ +
22 Consider ( )
4 3 3
1 0 0
a 3.a 4a 9 27 4 22599 = + = + =
1
a 1 22600 + = which is divisible by 10
2
Suppose,
k
a 1 + is divisible by
k
2
10
Let
k
2
k
a .10 1 =
k k
4 3
2 2
k 1
a 3 10 1 4 10 1
+
( (
= +

=
( )
k k
3
2 2
.10 1 [3 10 3 4] +
Put,
( ) k 1 k
2 2
10 t 10
+
=
=
( )
k k
2
2 .2 2 2
10 10 t = = ......(i)
( ) ( )
3 3 2 2
k 1
a 1 t 3 t 3 t 1 3 t 1 1
+
+ = + + +
=
4 4 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2
3 t 9 t 9 t 3 t t 3 t 3 t 1 1 + + + +
2 4 2 3 2
t [3 t 8 t 6 ] = +
RAMKI
( ) k 1 k 1 k
2 4 2 3 2 2
10 3 .10 8 .10 6
+ +
(
= +

( )
k 1
a 1
+
+ is divisible by
k 1
2
10
+
Hence, by principle of induction, result holds for all n.
23.
2
n 1 n n 1
x 5x 24x 1, x 0
+
= + + =
Note that { }
n
x is an increasing sequence and
n
x 0 > for all n.
2 2 2
n 1 n 1 n n n
x 10x x 25x 24x 1
+ +
+ = +
2 2
n 1 n n 1 n
x 10x x x 1 0
+ +
+ =
Replace n by n 1
2 2
n n 1 n n 1
x 10x x x 1 0

+ =
Thus, for n > 2, x
n+1
and x
n1
gives 2 distinct root of
2 2
n n
x 10x x x 1 0 + =
Sum of the roots is
n 1 n 1 n
x x 10x
+
+ =
n 1 n n 1
x 10x x
+
=
Also
1 2 3
x 0 x 1 x 10 = = =
24. Ans (B)
Sol.
Let m be the number of acute angles in a convex polygon of n-sides
Then sum of interanl angles of polygon
( ) ( )
0 0 0
n 2 180 m90 n m 180 < +
. ., 4 m i e m 4 < <
Maximum possible value of m is 3
Statement (1) is true
Statement (2) is also true, but it does not provide the explanation for statement (1)
25. Ans: (C)
Sol: Let a be the first term and r be the common ratio of the G.P. As four numbers are distinct and positive a
> 0, r > 0 and
r 1 =
b
1
= a, b
2
= a (1 + r), b
3
= a (1 + r + r
2
)
and b
4
= a (1 + r + r
2
+ r
3
)
As
2
2 1 3 2
b b ar ar b b = = =
b
1
, b
2
, b
3
, b
4
are not in A.P. .
152
RAMKI
2
3 2
1 2
b b 1 r r
1 r
b 1 r b
+ +
= + = =
+
b
1
, b
2
, b
3
, b
4
are not in G.P..
As
( ) ( )( )
2
2
2 1 3 2
1 1 r r 1 1
b b a 1 r b b a 1 r 1 r r

= = =
+ + + +
b
1
, b
2
, b
3
, b
4
cannot be in H.P.
26.
Ans: (C)
Sol: Let
( )( )
2
r
r
t
2r 1 2r 1
=
+
( )( )
2
r
4r 1 1
4t
2r 1 2r 1
+
=
+
( ) ( )
1
1
2r 1 2r 1
= +
+
1 1 1
1
2 2r 1 2r 1
| |
= +
|
+
\ .
n n
r
r 1 r 1
1 1 1
4 t n
2 2r 1 2r 1
= =
| |
= +
|
+
\ .

1 1
n 1
2 2n 1
| |
= +
|
+
\ .
( ) 2n n 1 n
n
2n 1 2n 1
+
= + =
+ +
( )
( )
n
r
r 1
n n 1
t
2 2n 1
=
+
=
+
\ Statement 1 is true
But statement-2 is false since
( )( )
n n
r 1 r 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 n
1
2r 1 2r 1 2 2r 1 2r 1 2 2n 1 2n 1
= =
| | | |
= = =
| |
+ + + +
\ . \ .

27.
Ans: (D)
Sol: We have
RAMKI
( )
k 1
k 1 k k 1 0
k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1
r 1 r r r ..... r r
1 2 k k 1
+
+
+ + + + | | | | | | | |
+ = + + + +
| | | |
+
\ . \ . \ . \ .
( ) ( )
{ }
n
k 1 k 1
k 1
r 1
n 1 1 r 1 r
+ +
+
=
+ = +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
k k 1 1 0
k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1
S n S n ...... S n S n
1 2 k k 1
+ + + + | | | | | | | |
= + + + +
| | | |
+
\ . \ . \ . \ .
\ Statement-2 is true
That statement-1 is false can be checked by putting n = 4 in
In fact
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
4
1
S n n n 1 2n 1 3n 3n 1
30
= + + +
28.
Ans (C)
Sol.
2 4 6 2n
sina sina sina ......sina + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 2n 1
2sind sin a d sin a 3d sin a 5d ...... sin a d
2sind
+
+ + + + + +
( )
1 2n 1
2 1
cosa cosa
2sin a a
+
stat. 2 similar given expansion becomes

( )
( )
2n 1 1
2 1
sin a sina
2sin a a
+

Sol:
29
Let S = 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + 15 + ....... + t
n
S = 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + ........ + t
n1
+ t
n
Subtractions
0 = 1 + 2 + 3 + ........ + nt
n
( )
n
n n 1
t
2
+
=
100
100 101
t 5050
2
= =
154
RAMKI
30. By trial method
choice a
Use 6 as 3rd triangular number
Put n = 3 and m = 6
1 8 6 1
3
2
+ +
=
Choice (a) is not correct
choice (b)
1 8 6 1
3
2
+
=
Choice (b) is correct
31.
51
51 52
t 1326
2
= =
50
50 51
t 1275
2
= =
Integer between 1326 and 1275 is 50
P
3234
Sol. 32. ( ) ( ) ( )
r
r
V 2 r r 1 2r 1
2
( = +

( )
3 2
1
2r r r
2
= +
n n n n
3 2
k
k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1
1 1
V k k k
2 2
= = = =
= +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1 1 1
n n 1 n n 1 2n 1 n n 1
4 12 4
= + + + + +
( ) ( ) ( )
1
n n 1 3n n 1 2n 1 3
12
( = + + + +

( ) ( )
2
1
n n 1 3n n 2
12
= + + +
Sol. 33. T
r
= V
r+1
V
r
2
( ) ( )
3 2
3 2
1
r 1 r [ r 1 r ]
2
(
= + +

( ) ( )
2
1 1
3r 3r 1 2r 1 2
2 2
= + + + +
( ) ( )
2
3r r 1 3r 1 r 1 = + = +
r
T is always a composite number
Sol. 34. Q
r
= T
r+1
T
r
= 3 {(r + 1)
2
r
2
} + 2 {(r+1) r}
= 3 (2r + 1) + 2 = 5 + 6r
\ Q
1
, Q
2
,..... forms an A.P. with common difference 6.
RAMKI
P
3537
35.Sol:
( )
n
2 2
1 n 1
a 1, a 2 2 1
+
= = o o+
n 2
n 1
1 8
A
3 2 2
=
= =
o o
2
2 2 3/ 8 o o =
2
16 16 3 0 o o+ =
1/ 4, 3/ 4 o =
36
Sol: Diagonal of (n + 1)th square =
n 1
2a
+
2 2
n n 1
a 2a
+
=
( )
2 2 2
n n
a 2 2 2 1 a = o o +
1/ 2 o =
37.
Sol: P
1
= 4
( )
( ) n 1 / 2
2
n n
P 4a 4 1 2 2

= = o + o
( ) n 1 / 2
5
4
8
| |
=
|
\ .
( )
n
n 1
8 2 8 5
4 8
P
3 8 5
=
+
= =
( )
8
4 10
3
= +
38.
Ans : A-p, B - p, C - r, D-p,q, r, s
Sol.1 (a)
/ 2
1 2
0
a dx ,a
2
t
t
= = = t
}
Also,
n 2 n n 1
a a 2a
+ +
+
=
( ) ( ) ( ) / 2
0
2cos 2n 2 x cos 2n 4 x cos 2nx
dx
1 cos2x
t + +
}
156
RAMKI
=
( ) ( ) ( ) / 2
0
2cos 2n 2 x 2cos 2n 4 xcos 2x
dx
1 cos2x
t + +
}
= ( )
/ 2
0
2cos 2n 2 xdx
t
+
}
( ) |
/ 2
0
2
sin 2n 2 x 0
2n 2
t
= + =
+
1 2 3
a ,a ,a ,... are in A.P. .
(B)
n 1 n 3
I I
+ +
+
/ 4
n 1 2
0
tan x sec x dx
t
+
=
}
/ 4
n 2
0
1 1
tan x
n 2 n 2
t
+
( = =
+ +
n
a n 2 = +
1 2
a ,a ,.... are in A.P. .
(C)
( ) ( )
2 2
/ 2
n n 1
0
sin nx sin n 1 x
I I dx
sinx
t

=
}

( ) / 2
0
sin 2n 1 x sin x
dx
sinx
t
=
}
( )
/ 2
0
1 1
cos 2n 1 x
2n 1 2n 1
t
( = =

1 2 3
a ,a ,a , .... are in H.P..
(D)
/ 2
n
0
1 cos2nx n
b dx
1 cos2x 2
t
t
= =
}
n
a n
2
t
=
\ a
1
, a
2
, a
3
,.... are in A.P,, G.P. and H.P.
Also a
1
, a
2
, a
3
....... is a constant sequence.
39. Ans: A-r, B-q, C-s, D-p
Sol: Let t
r
= log
10
a
r
, then t
1
, t
2
, t
3
, ......... are in A.P. Let its common difference be d. Now
m n
1 1
t t
n m
=
( )
( ) m n 1
m n d d
mn mn
= = Now, ( )
r m
r 1
t t r m d
mn n
= =
r
t r / mn =
r / mn
r
a 10 =
* * *

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9 PROGRESSION & SERIES

Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers

18(A) 19(B) 20(A) 21(B) 22(A) 23(C)

32r 1 63r 63 31r 62 r 2 = = =

27. STATEMENT-1 : If x > 1, the sum to infinite number of

28. Let a, r R {0, 1, 1} and n be an even number.

is the A.M. of a and c. The n numbers A A

d = coeff. of n = Q and a = P for n = 1

r can take only two values

(D) none of these

47. If exp. {(sin

71 PROGRESSION & SERIES

Equation (i) becomes (n 1) a

which is not in G.P..

(by law of proportions)

48. x log a = y log b = z log c = k (say)

91 PROGRESSION & SERIES

exists, we say that the sequence {a

Let us define a sequence {a

D = discriminant of quadratic equation < 0

roots are imagnary

Contrinuing in this way we obtain

are in A.P. . (Subtracting 1 from each term)

111 PROGRESSION & SERIES

The terms will cancel diagonally

123 PROGRESSION & SERIES

hence for n = 5 last positive term obtained.

x - y = (m-n) d, y -z = (n-p) d, z -x = ( p-m) d

Now the sum of series, here

The least natural number for which it holds is 6

it holds for every even natural numbers)

(D) all the roots must be equal

(C) rational function of x (D) a polynomial function of x

Comprehension Type Question

(d) is not correct as a (1) = 1

Sum of the series is

stat. 2 similar given expansion becomes

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