Integrated Services Digital Network (Isdn) : Mcgraw-Hill ©the Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001
Integrated Services Digital Network (Isdn) : Mcgraw-Hill ©the Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001
Integrated Services Digital Network (Isdn) : Mcgraw-Hill ©the Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001
Developed by ITU-T in 1976 Set of protocols that combines digital telephony and data transport services. The whole idea is to digitize the telephone network to permit the transmission of audio, video and text over existing telephone lines. The goal is to form a WAN that provides universal end-to-end connectivity over digital media.
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Figure 16-1
ISDN Services
Bearer services provide the means to transfer information (voice, data, video) between users without the network manipulating the content of that information. Belongs to the first 3 layers of the OSI model.
Teleservices the network my change or process the contents of the data. - correspond to layers 4-7 of the OSI model - rely on the facilities of bearer services
Supplementary services provide additional functionality to the bearer services and teleservices.
McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001
Figure 16-1
ISDN Services
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Figure 16-2
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Figure 16-3
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Figure 16-4
Figure 16-5
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Figure 16-6
ISDN incorporates all communication connections in a home or building into a single interface With ISDN all customer services will become digital rather than analog.
McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001
Channel
Bearer (B)
Data (D) Hybrid (H)
64
16, 64 384 (H0), 1536(H11), 1920(H12)
D channel
Primary function is to carry control signaling for the B channel Acts like an operator between the user and the network at the network layer
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Figure 16-7
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Figure 16-8
PRI was designed to be compatible with existing T-1 lines In Europe, the PRI includes 30 B channels and 2 D channels = capacity of 2.048 Mbps the capacity of E-1 line
McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001
Figure 16-9
Functional Grouping
Defines the function of each type of equipment
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Figure 16-10
Reference Points
Label used to identify individual interfaces between two elements of an ISDN installation Defines the functions of the connections
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Figure 16-11
ISDN Layers
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Figure 16-12
Multiplexing
Power supply
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Figure 16-13
BRI Interfaces
R interface not defined by ISDN, it can be any EIA standards or V or X series S interface ISO standard, ISO 8887, four-, six-, or eight-wire connections.
U interface - Single-pair twistedpair cable in each direction - Two binary, one quaternary (2B1Q) encoding
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Figure 16-14
S Interface
Name a b c d e f g h TE NT
Power source Power sink 3 3 Power source Power sink 3 3 Transmit Receive Receive Transmit Power sink 2 Power sink 2 Receive Transmit Transmit Receive Power source 2 Power source 2
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Figure 16-15
2B/1Q Encoding
00 -3
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01 -1
10 +3
11 +1
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Figure 16-16
BRI Frame
overhead
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BRI Topology
Point-to-point Multipoint
-limited distance to ensure frame synchronization As many as 8 devices can be connected to NT1, two can access the B-channels at 1 time D channels use a mechanism like CSMA
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Figure 16-18
PRI Interfaces
Figure 16-19
PRI Frame
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Figure 16-20
SAPI Service Access Point Identifier - identifies the type of upperlayer service (network layer)
000000 call control for network layer (signaling use of D-channel) 000001 call control for upper layer (ene-to-end signaling), not yet in use 010000 packet communication ( data use of D channel) 111111 - management
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Figure 16-21
Protocol discriminator identifies the protocol in use, for Q.931 = 0000 1000 Call Reference sequence number of the call
Message Type identifies the purpose of the message - call establishment Reading assignment: - call information Different messages under - call clearing these four message types - call miscellaneous
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Figure 16-22
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Figure 16-23
Information Elements
Carries specific details about the connection that are required for call establishment: - addresses of the sender and receiver - routing information - type of network that is desired for the B-channel exchange (X.25, ATM, Frame Relay)
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Figure 16-24
ID identify the information being sent Length length of the content in bytes
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Figure 16-25
Addressing in ISDN
Addressing important information element type in ISDN
NC national Code
Subaddress identify the device connected to NT1
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Figure 16-26
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Figure 16-27
B-ISDN Services
Broadband ISDN based on a change from metal cable to fiber optic cable at all levels of telecommunications
Interactive services those that require two-way exchanges between either 2 subscribers or between a subscriber & a service provider
- conversational real time exchanges such as telephone calls - messaging store & forward exchanges such as voice mail - retrieval retrieve info from a central office
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Figure 16-27
B-ISDN Services
Distributive services unidirectional services sent from a provider to subscribers, broadcast to the user
- without user control user choice is limited to whether or not to receive the service at all - with user control allow the user a choice of times during which to receive them
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Figure 16-28
B-ISDN Accesses
155.520 Mbps fill the needs of most residential and many business subscribers 155.520/622.080 Mbps fill the needs of businesses that require the simultaneous receipt of multiple services and video conferencing
McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001