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    Heat Diffusion Equation

    Uploaded by

    Gaye Kanaltı
    The heat diffusion equation describes heat transfer by conduction in solids. It states that the rate of increase of energy storage equals the energy generation rate plus the net heat transfer rate. For one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer without internal heat generation, the heat diffusion equation reduces to the Laplace equation. The general solution to the Laplace equation involves integrating twice to determine the temperature distribution. Boundary conditions are needed to solve for the constants of integration. Heat transfer analyses can model composite walls by dividing the wall into layers and applying thermal resistances in series. Insulation materials are commonly specified by their thermal resistance R-value, which is the material thickness divided by its thermal conductivity.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Heat Diffusion Equation

    Uploaded by

    Gaye Kanaltı
    197 views7 pages
    The heat diffusion equation describes heat transfer by conduction in solids. It states that the rate of increase of energy storage equals the energy generation rate plus the net heat transfer rate. For one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer without internal heat generation, the heat diffusion equation reduces to the Laplace equation. The general solution to the Laplace equation involves integrating twice to determine the temperature distribution. Boundary conditions are needed to solve for the constants of integration. Heat transfer analyses can model composite walls by dividing the wall into layers and applying thermal resistances in series. Insulation materials are commonly specified by their thermal resistance R-value, which is the material thickness divided by its thermal conductivity.

    Original Title

    Heat Diffusion Equation (1)

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    The heat diffusion equation describes heat transfer by conduction in solids. It states that the rate of increase of energy storage equals the energy generation rate plus the net heat transfer rate. For one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer without internal heat generation, the heat diffusion equation reduces to the Laplace equation. The general solution to the Laplace equation involves integrating twice to determine the temperature distribution. Boundary conditions are needed to solve for the constants of integration. Heat transfer analyses can model composite walls by dividing the wall into layers and applying thermal resistances in series. Insulation materials are commonly specified by their thermal resistance R-value, which is the material thickness divided by its thermal conductivity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    197 views7 pages

    Heat Diffusion Equation

    Uploaded by

    Gaye Kanaltı
    The heat diffusion equation describes heat transfer by conduction in solids. It states that the rate of increase of energy storage equals the energy generation rate plus the net heat transfer rate. For one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer without internal heat generation, the heat diffusion equation reduces to the Laplace equation. The general solution to the Laplace equation involves integrating twice to determine the temperature distribution. Boundary conditions are needed to solve for the constants of integration. Heat transfer analyses can model composite walls by dividing the wall into layers and applying thermal resistances in series. Insulation materials are commonly specified by their thermal resistance R-value, which is the material thickness divided by its thermal conductivity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 7
    At a glance
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    The document discusses heat transfer through conduction using the heat diffusion equation and its applications to one-dimensional and three-dimensional systems as well as composite walls.

    The heat diffusion equation relates the rate of change of energy storage within a body to the energy generation rate and heat flux. It can be written as ∂T/∂t = ∇(k∇T) + Q, where T is temperature, t is time, k is thermal conductivity, and Q is the heat generation rate per unit volume.

    Some special cases of the heat diffusion equation discussed are: no internal heat generation (Q=0), constant thermal conductivity (k=constant), and steady-state conditions (∂T/∂t=0).

    Heat Diffusion Equation

    Apply this equation to a solid undergoing conduction heat transfer:


    E=mc
    p
    T=(V)c
    p
    T=(dxdydz)c
    p
    T
    dy
    dx
    Energy balance equation:
    dE
    dt
    dE
    dt
    g
    = + + q q E E
    dW
    dt
    in out

    1 2
    q
    x

    q
    x+dx

    x
    y
    q KA
    T
    x
    K dydz
    T
    x
    q q dq q
    q
    x
    dx
    x
    x x
    x dx x x x
    x
    =
    c
    c
    =
    c
    c
    = + = +
    c
    c
    +
    ( )
    All go to zero
    Heat Diffusion Equation (2)
    ( )
    Energy Storage = Energy Generation + Net Heat Transfer
    t
    ( )
    ( )
    ( ) ( ) ( )
    p x x dx
    x
    p x x
    p
    c T dxdydz qdxdydz q q
    q T
    c dxdydz qdxdydz q q dx
    t x
    T
    qdxdydz k dxdydz
    x x
    T T T T
    c q k k k
    t x x y y z z

    +
    c
    = +
    c
    c c
    = + +
    c c
    c c
    =
    c c
    c c c c c c c
    = + + +
    c c c c c c c
    Generalized to three-dimensional
    Note: partial differential operator
    is used since T=T(x,y,z,t)
    Heat Diffusion Equation (3)

    c
    T
    t
    q
    x
    k
    T
    x y
    k
    T
    y z
    k
    T
    z
    c
    T
    t
    k
    T
    x
    T
    y
    T
    z
    q k T q
    where
    x y z
    T
    T
    x
    T
    y
    T
    z
    p
    p
    c
    c
    = +
    c
    c
    c
    c
    +
    c
    c
    c
    c
    +
    c
    c
    c
    c
    c
    c
    =
    c
    c
    +
    c
    c
    +
    c
    c
    + = V +
    V =
    c
    c
    +
    c
    c
    +
    c
    c
    c
    c
    =
    V =
    c
    c
    +
    c
    c
    +
    c
    c
    =

    ( ) ( ) ( )

    ( )

    ,

    ,
    Special case1: no generation q = 0
    Special case 2: constant thermal conductivity k = constant
    is the Laplacian operator
    Special case 3:
    t
    and q = 0
    The famous Laplace'
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    0
    0 s equation
    1-D, Steady Heat Transfer
    Assume steady and no generation, 1- D Laplace' s equation
    function of x coordinate alone
    Note: ordinary differential operator is used since T = T(x) only
    The general solution of this equation can be determined by integting twice:
    First integration leads to
    dT
    dx

    Integrate again T(x) = C
    Second order differential equation: need two boundary conditions to
    determine the two constants C and C
    1
    1 2
    d T
    dx
    T x y x t T x
    cons t C
    x C
    2
    2
    1
    2
    0 = =
    = =
    +
    , ( , , , ) ( ),
    tan .
    .
    T(x=0)=100C=C
    2

    T(x=1 m)=20C=C
    1
    +C
    2
    , C
    1
    =-80C
    T(x)=100-80x (C)


    100
    20
    T
    x
    1-D Heat Transfer (cont.)
    Recall Fourier' s Law:
    q = -kA
    dT
    dx
    If the temperature gradient is a constant
    q = constent (heat transfer rate is a constant)
    dT
    dx
    where
    ,
    , ( ) , ( ) =

    = = = =
    T T
    L
    T x T T x L T
    2 1
    1 2
    0
    T
    1

    T
    2

    x
    L
    q kA
    dT
    dx
    kA
    T T
    L
    T T
    L kA
    q
    T T
    R
    where R
    L
    kA
    = =

    =

    =

    =
    1 2 1 2
    1 2
    ( / )
    , : thermal resistance
    q (I)
    T
    1
    (V
    1
    )
    T
    2
    (V
    2
    )
    R (R)
    Electric circuit analogy
    I = (V
    1
    -V
    2
    )/R
    Composite Wall Heat Transfer
    T
    1

    T
    2

    L
    1
    L
    2

    k
    1
    k
    2

    T
    2
    T
    1
    R
    1
    =L
    1
    /(k
    1
    A)
    R
    2
    =L
    2
    /(k
    2
    A)
    T
    1 2 1 2 1 2
    1 2
    1 2
    1 2
    1 1
    1 1 1
    1 1
    T
    Also, q= ,
    T T T T T T
    q
    R R R
    L L
    k A k A
    T L
    T T qR T q
    R k A

    = = =
    + | | | |
    +
    | |
    \ . \ .
    | |

    = =
    |
    \ .
    Note: In the US, insulation materials are often specified in terms of
    their thermal resistance in (hr ft
    2
    F)/Btu ----> 1 Btu=1055 J.
    R-value = L/k, R-11 for wall, R-19 to R-31 for ceiling.
    T
    R value
    The thermal resistance of insulation material can be characterized
    by its R-value. R is defined as the temperature difference across the
    insulation by the heat flux going through it:
    R
    T
    q
    T
    k
    T
    x
    x
    k
    = = =
    A A
    A
    A
    A
    "
    The typical space inside the residential frame wall is 3.5 in. Find the R-value if
    the wall cavity is filled with fiberglass batt. (k=0.046 W/m.K=0.027 Btu/h.ft.R)
    R
    x
    k
    ft
    Btu h ft R
    R ft h Btu R = = = ~
    A 0 292
    0 027
    10 8 11
    2
    .
    . / . .
    . ( . . / )

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