Code Division Multiple Access: Compiled By: Muhummad Sherjeel
Code Division Multiple Access: Compiled By: Muhummad Sherjeel
Code Division Multiple Access: Compiled By: Muhummad Sherjeel
Multiple Access
Multiple access is a radio transmission
scheme that allows several earth stations to transmit in the same time span.
Spectrum)
Introduction of CDMA
Code division multiple access (CDMA) is
and a special coding scheme (where each transmitter is assigned a code) to allow multiple users to be multiplexed over the same physical channel.
Spread spectrum
Spread-spectrum techniques are methods by which a signal (e.g. an electrical,
electromagnetic, or acoustic signal) generated in a particular bandwidth is deliberately spread in the frequency domain, resulting in a signal with a wider bandwidth. These techniques are used for a variety of reasons, including the establishment of secure communications, increasing resistance to natural interference, noise and jamming, to prevent detection.
Types of CDMA
Frequency hop CDMA Direct Sequence CDMA Multi Carrier CDMA
PN Codes
Pseudorandom noise (PN) is a signal similar
to noise which satisfies one or more of the standard tests for statistical randomness.
Although it seems to lack any
definite pattern, pseudorandom noise consists of a deterministic sequence of pulses that will repeat itself after its period.
Working
Each user in a CDMA system uses a different code to
modulate their signal. Choosing the codes used to modulate the signal is very important in the performance of CDMA systems. The best performance will occur when there is good separation between the signal of a desired user and the signals of other users. The separation of the signals is made by correlating the received signal with the locally generated code of the desired user. If the signal matches the desired user's code then the correlation function will be high and the system can extract that signal.
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