Blast Furnace
Blast Furnace
Blast Furnace
BHILAI
Presented by AVANI SHARMA
PLANT LAY-OUT
Introduction
In the BF from top to bottom of the furnace the following process occurs :-Drying, preheating, ejection of hydrate waterIndirect reduction-Direct reduction-Melting . In the top third of the shaft, gas delivers its heat so that the charging materials are preheated and dried. When a temperature of 400C to 500C is reached, the water which was fixed with the burden is ejected. Indirect reduction by carbon monoxide occurs below 1000C. At temperatures above 1000C, iron oxide not yet reduced into iron is directly reduced. After melting, the reduction process is completed as hot metal flows through layers of coke.Hot metal produced in the blast furnace is sent to Basic oxygen Furnace for steel making .
Liquid metal and slag are collected at hearth tappings at regular intervals are done to empty the furnace
Hot metal is sent to sms/pig casting machines. Slag is sent to dump.
COMPOSITION
94 % Fe 4.0 % C 0.8 % Si 0.5 % Mn 0.20 % P 0.050 % S 1450C H.M TEMP AT CAST HOUSE
BY-PRODUCTS
LIQUID SLAG / GR. SLAG 32 - 34 % Si02 28- 30 % CaO 10-11 % MgO 0.94 % BASICITY 22-24 % CO CV - 850 K/CAL/M 56 - 58 % N
20 - 22 % Al2O3 1 % MAX FeO BF GAS 2%H 16 -18 % CO2 DUST < 8 Mg/M3
The Method
Three substances are needed to enable to extraction of iron from its ore. The combined mixture is called the charge: Iron ore, haematite - often contains sand with iron oxide, Fe2O3.
The Process
begins at 1100F
. feo
feo
+ co = co2 + fe or + c = co + fe
begins at 1300F
CO2(g)
+ CaO(s)
Carbon dioxide produced in 1 + 2 react with more coke to produce carbon monoxide:
CO2(g) + C(s) 2CO(g)
The carbon monoxide reduces the iron in the ore to give molten iron:
Both the slag and iron are drained from the bottom of the furnace. The slag is mainly used to build roads. The iron whilst molten is poured into moulds and left to solidify - this is called cast iron and is used to make railings and storage tanks. The rest of the iron is used to make steel.
Conclusion:
The b/f is the 1st step in producing steel from iron oxides. The 1st B/f appeared in the 14th century and produce one tons per day.now Modern,giant furnaces produce 13,000 tons per day. The steel industry will move toward higher value added products in the future. In order to support the value added steel products, iron sources have to be secured with stable operation of furnaces.