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    Concept of Leadership

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    Bhup Inder
    Leadership involves influencing others to achieve a common goal through creating a vision and communicating it. There are formal and informal leadership styles. Leadership differs from management in that leadership involves influencing others through vision and inspiration, while management focuses on planning, organizing, and directing tasks. Common leadership styles studied include autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. Studies like the Ohio State studies and early Michigan studies helped identify behaviors like consideration of others and initiating structure that contribute to effective leadership.

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    Concept of Leadership

    Uploaded by

    Bhup Inder
    789 views30 pages
    Leadership involves influencing others to achieve a common goal through creating a vision and communicating it. There are formal and informal leadership styles. Leadership differs from management in that leadership involves influencing others through vision and inspiration, while management focuses on planning, organizing, and directing tasks. Common leadership styles studied include autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. Studies like the Ohio State studies and early Michigan studies helped identify behaviors like consideration of others and initiating structure that contribute to effective leadership.

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    10. Concept of Leadership

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    Leadership involves influencing others to achieve a common goal through creating a vision and communicating it. There are formal and informal leadership styles. Leadership differs from management in that leadership involves influencing others through vision and inspiration, while management focuses on planning, organizing, and directing tasks. Common leadership styles studied include autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. Studies like the Ohio State studies and early Michigan studies helped identify behaviors like consideration of others and initiating structure that contribute to effective leadership.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    789 views30 pages

    Concept of Leadership

    Uploaded by

    Bhup Inder
    Leadership involves influencing others to achieve a common goal through creating a vision and communicating it. There are formal and informal leadership styles. Leadership differs from management in that leadership involves influencing others through vision and inspiration, while management focuses on planning, organizing, and directing tasks. Common leadership styles studied include autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. Studies like the Ohio State studies and early Michigan studies helped identify behaviors like consideration of others and initiating structure that contribute to effective leadership.

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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that leadership involves influencing others to achieve goals through vision, communication and motivation. It can be formal, through official roles and authority, or informal through unofficial influence. Effective leadership requires qualities like inspiring followers and adapting to achieve common goals.

    The two dimensions of leadership that emerged from the Ohio State Leadership Studies are consideration, which is the degree to which a leader shows care and regard for subordinates, and initiating structure, which is the degree to which a leader defines roles and organizes work.

    Formal leadership occurs when an organization officially gives a leader power and authority over others, while informal leadership happens when others in an organization unofficially give someone influence over guiding and directing behavior.

    CONCEPT OF LEADERSHIP

    Leadership is about creating a vision, communicating that vision to ones subordinates, and exhorting them to move towards that vision.

    Definitions
    According to Koontz et. al, Leadership is the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goals. In the opinion of Chester Bernard, leadership is the quality of behavior of individuals whereby they guide people or their activities in organizing efforts.

    Formal and Informal Leadership


    Formal leadership occurs when organization officially bestows upon a leader the power and authority to guide and direct others in the organization. Informal leadership occurs when others in the organization unofficially accord a person the power and influence to guide and direct their behavior.

    LEADER
    The person who guides or influences the behavior of others is called leader.

    Characteristics of Leadership
    Leadership is a continuous process of influencing others behavior. Leadership is basically a personal quality that enables leader to influence the subordinates behavior at work. The success of leader depends on the acceptance of his leadership by the followers. There is a relationship between leader and follower which arises out of functioning for a common goal.

    Some more hallmarks of successful leadership


    A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way. The function of leadership is to produce more leaders, not more followers. The leader takes people where they want to go a great leader takes people where they dont necessarily want to go, but ought to go. A leader must have courage to work against experts advice. Management is doing things right - leadership is doing the right thing. He that cannot obey that cannot command.

    Leadership differs from Management


    Some people treat leadership and management as synonymous. Leadership differs from management, Leadership involves influencing people to strive towards the achievement of group goals. Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling group activities to accomplish organizational goals. Leadership is a part of management not all of it.

    Difference between Leadership and Management


    Leadership
    Leaders lead people. Leaders can use his/her informal influence. Leaders create a vision and inspire others to achieve this vision. Leaders possess nonsanctioned influencing ability. Leaders inspire enthusiasm.

    Management
    Managers manage things. Managers hold formal positions. Managers achieve result by directing the activities of others. Managers enjoy formal designated authority. Managers engender fear.

    Functions of Leadership
    Developing team work. Representing the team. Counseling the work men. Managing the time. Using proper power. Securing group effectiveness.

    Leadership styles
    Autocratic or Authoritative Style. Democratic or Participative Style. Laissez Faire or Free Rein Style.

    Autocratic or Authoritative Style


    In autocratic style, the leader centralizes power and decision-making in himself/herself. The leader command complete control over the subordinates who are compelled to obey the orders. The subordinates have no opportunity to make suggestions or take part in decision making function. The autocratic leader has little concern for the well being of employees. Employees have a tendency to avoid responsibility and try to work as little as possible. They also suffer from frustration and low morale.

    Limitations
    It results in low morale and job dissatisfaction. Employees efficiency tends to decline over period. Potential manager-leader employees do not get opportunity to exhibit their capabilities.

    Suitable situations
    The subordinates are incompetent and inexperienced. The leader wants to be active and dominant in decision making. The leader is highly competent for making a right decision.

    Democratic or Participative Style


    The subordinates participate in decision-making function. Participation in decision making enables subordinates to satisfy their social and ego need. It also makes them more committed to their organizations. Frequent interaction between the manager-leader and subordinates also helps build up mutual faith and confidence.

    Benefits
    It gives opportunity to the subordinates to develop their potential abilities and assume greater responsibility. It provides job satisfaction, on the one hand, and improves the morale of subordinates, on the other. Subordinates participation in decision-making helps make right decision because two heads are better than one.

    Limitations
    Decision-making is a time-consuming process in democratic style. There is possibility that a few dominant subordinates may influence decision in their favor. The responsibility of implementing decision cannot be fixed on an individual subordinate but on the whole group. Sometimes the decisions taken become the distorted one because many cooks spoil the broth.

    Suitable situations
    The subordinates are competent and experienced. The leader prefers participative-decision making. The organization has made its objectives transparent to the employees. Reward and involvement are used as the primary means of motivation and control.

    Laissez Faire or Free Rein Style


    Laissez Faire style is just opposite to autocratic style. The manager-leader leaves decision making to the subordinates. The leader completely gives up his/her leadership role. The subordinate enjoy full freedom to decide as and what they like.

    Limitation
    Due to full freedom to subordinates, it creates chaos and mismanagement in decision-making.

    Suitable situations
    Leader is able to fully delegate the powers of decisionmaking to his/her subordinates. Subordinates are also well competent and knowledgeable. Organizational goals and objectives are well communicated to the employees.

    Studies on Leadership
    Hawthrone Studies. Iowa Leadership Studies. Early Michigan Leadership Studies. Ohio State Leadership Studies. Scientific Managers Style.

    Iowa Leadership Studies


    A series of pioneering leadership studies conducted in the late 1930s. Studies were conducted by Ronald Lippitt and Ralph K. White under the general direction of Kurt lewin. The study was done at University of Iowa.

    Early Michigan Leadership Studies


    Survey research centre of University of Michigan conducted leadership studies in the late 1940s. The objective of the study was to find behavioral characteristics of leaders that appeared to be related to measures of performance effectiveness. At the Prudential Insurance Company, 12 high-low productivity pairs of groups were selected for examination. Interviews were conducted with the 24 section supervisors and 419 clerical workers.

    Michigan also concluded that employeeoriented leadership result in high productivity and high job satisfaction.

    Ohio State Leadership Studies


    The research was conducted at Ohio State University, USA in the late 1940s. It provides the basis for behavioral theories. The study was done by Bureau of Business Research. An interdisciplinary team of researchers from psychology, sociology economics developed and used the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ).

    Continued..
    The outcome was amazingly consistent. The same two dimensions of leadership continually emerged from the questionnaire data. Consideration and initiating structure. Consideration: The extent to which a person is likely to have job relationship that are characterized by mutual trust, respect for subordinates ideas and regard for their feeling. Initiating Structure: The extent to which a person is likely to define and structure his/her role and those of subordinates in the search for goal attainment.

    Scientific Managers Style


    F.W.Taylor developed a scientific method to manage men at work. His scientific thought of management was based on two scientific experiments, namely, time study and motion study to determine standard time and standard work respectively. This style emphasizes that management of a work organization must be divorced from human affairs and emotions.

    People need to adjust to the management and not management to the people. He believes that the leader is supposed to be the most competent individual in planning and organizing the work. The way he/she does it is called his/her leadership style.

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