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    Cardiovascular System: by M. Rasjad Indra

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    Agung Indra
    The cardiovascular system has several main functions: 1) Transport nutrients and oxygen to tissues and remove waste products 2) Maintain a stable internal environment for cells 3) Circulate hormones and other substances for communication It regulates its activities through several parameters including blood flow, blood pressure, cardiac pumping, and vasoconstriction/dilation. Blood is circulated from the heart through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. There are over 100 trillion capillaries that allow for fluid exchange between blood and tissues. The cardiovascular system maintains an average blood flow of 5 liters per minute to serve the body's needs.

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    Cardiovascular System: by M. Rasjad Indra

    Uploaded by

    Agung Indra
    52 views14 pages
    The cardiovascular system has several main functions: 1) Transport nutrients and oxygen to tissues and remove waste products 2) Maintain a stable internal environment for cells 3) Circulate hormones and other substances for communication It regulates its activities through several parameters including blood flow, blood pressure, cardiac pumping, and vasoconstriction/dilation. Blood is circulated from the heart through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. There are over 100 trillion capillaries that allow for fluid exchange between blood and tissues. The cardiovascular system maintains an average blood flow of 5 liters per minute to serve the body's needs.

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    The cardiovascular system has several main functions: 1) Transport nutrients and oxygen to tissues and remove waste products 2) Maintain a stable internal environment for cells 3) Circulate hormones and other substances for communication It regulates its activities through several parameters including blood flow, blood pressure, cardiac pumping, and vasoconstriction/dilation. Blood is circulated from the heart through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. There are over 100 trillion capillaries that allow for fluid exchange between blood and tissues. The cardiovascular system maintains an average blood flow of 5 liters per minute to serve the body's needs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    52 views14 pages

    Cardiovascular System: by M. Rasjad Indra

    Uploaded by

    Agung Indra
    The cardiovascular system has several main functions: 1) Transport nutrients and oxygen to tissues and remove waste products 2) Maintain a stable internal environment for cells 3) Circulate hormones and other substances for communication It regulates its activities through several parameters including blood flow, blood pressure, cardiac pumping, and vasoconstriction/dilation. Blood is circulated from the heart through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. There are over 100 trillion capillaries that allow for fluid exchange between blood and tissues. The cardiovascular system maintains an average blood flow of 5 liters per minute to serve the body's needs.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    Cardiovascular System

    by M. Rasjad Indra

    Main function
    Serve a transportation for:
    Supplying nutrition and oxygen to tissues Elimination of metabolic end products from tissues Hormones & other chemical substances as a intercellular communication mediator

    Maintain a stable internal environment for a life & optimal function of cells.
    How does this system regulate its activities to achieve the function???

    Tissue perfussion (Supply nutrition & oxygen and eliminate metabolic waste products)

    Local blood vessel resisstance Total blood vessel resisstance Blood volume

    Blood flow

    Blood pressure

    Cardic pumping

    Vasoconstriction / dilatation

    Heart Space & Valves

    Cardiac cycle

    Cardiac muscle contraction Cardiac muscle & cunductive system

    Vascular smooth muscle Action potential

    Theoritical Framework of Cardiavascular System

    For better understanding the mechanism of regulation you have to recognize many parameters of the system: 1. Cardiac output [CO] 2. Blood pressure [P] 3. Blood flow [Q] 4. Vascular resistant [R] Stroke volume = End Diastolic Vol. - End Systolic Vol. Cardiac output= Stroke Volume x Frequency

    Cardiac index = Cardiac output / Body Surface Area


    Ejection Fraction=(SV/EDV) x 100 %
    Ohm law:

    P Q R

    4 Pr Poiseuille law: Q 8l

    r = radius d= blood viscosity l = blood vessel length

    Role of each CVS compartment


    Heart:
    Blood pumping

    Arteri:
    Blood transport under high pressure to tissues.

    Ateriole:
    Regulate blood flow to capillaries

    Capillary:
    Fluid exchange, nutrition, electrolites hormone between plasma & interstitial

    Venula:
    Blood flow from capillaries to middle veins

    Vein:
    Blood flow from tissues to heart Regulated blood reservoir.

    Blood Volume in Cardiovascular System


    84 % in systemic circulation:
    64 % in vein 13 % in artery 7 % in arteriole and capillaries

    16 % pulmonary & cardiac circulation:


    7 % in the heart 9 % in the lungs

    Parameter Number Radius Diameter Total diameter Total blood flow 1

    Aorta

    Small artery 8000 0,5 mm 7,9 x 10-3 cm2 63 cm2 83 ml/second

    Arteriole 2 x 107 15 m 7,1 x 10-7 cm2 141 cm2 83 ml/second

    Capillary 1 x 1010 3 m 2,8 x 10-7 cm2 2827 cm2 83 ml/second 0,003 cm/sc 8 x 10-9 ml/sc 1

    V. Cava

    1,13,cm 4 cm2 4 cm2 83 ml/second

    1,38 cm 6 cm2 6 cm2 83 ml/scnd 14 cm/scnd 83 ml/scnd

    Mean of Linier velocity 21 cm/secnd Blood flow per unit 83 ml/second

    1,3 cm/second 0,6 cm/second 0,01 ml/secnd 4 x 10-6 ml/scnd

    Diameter of Blood Vessels


    Blood vessel Aorta Small Arteries Arteriole Capillaries Venule Small Vein Vena cava Diameter (cm2) 2,5 20 40 2500 250 80 8

    Blood Flow
    The blood flow going slower because of decreasing blood pressure and increasing total diameter of blood vessels

    In aorta: 33 cm / second In capillary: 0,3 mm / second


    Capillaries length: 0,3 1 mm blood stay in capillary 1 3 seconds Very short time for fluid exchange between plasma and interstitial !!!!

    Blood pressure

    3 Basic Principles of Cardiovascular Function


    1. Tissue blood flow is regulated in

    accordance with tissue metabolic need. 2. Cardiac output is controlled mainly by total tissue blood flow / metabolic need. 3. Blood pressure is determined by a balance between regulation of tissue blood flow and cardiac output regulation mechanism.

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