Acids and Alkalis
Acids and Alkalis
Acids and Alkalis
Learning Objectives:
Define an acid and an alkali Describe Properties of Acid and alkali State uses of acids and alkalis. Difference between weak and strong acids. How Acid mix with alkali to Neutralise and form salt and water. Describe indicator paper and its effect on acid and alkali. pH scale use to identify the acidity and alkalinity of a substance.
Lemon juice contains citric acid, and vinegar contains ethanoic acid. Some strong acids are hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Some weak acids are ethanoic acid, citric acid and carbonic acid.
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
1. Acids have a sour taste. 2. Acids turn litmus solution red and turn blue litmus paper red. 3. Acids have pH numbers less than 7 4. Acids react with metals, forming hydrogen and a salt 5. Acids react with carbonates, forming a salt, water and carbon dioxide 6. Acids react with alkalis, forming a salt and water 7. Acids react with metal oxides, forming salt and water
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Salt + Hydrogen
magnesium chloride + hydrogen
Acid + Carbonate
sulphuric acid + copper carbonate
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Alkalis
Alkalis are present in many cleaning substances in use in our homes. Kitchen cleaners are alkaline because they contain ammonia or sodium hydroxide, which attack grease. The PH of alkali is grater than 7.
Calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide are strong alkalis. The most recognisable and common weak alkali is ammonia.
Alkalis
Many everyday substances are alkalis. Alkali are the base which are soluble in water. They feel soapy. They are corrosive. They turn red Litmus paper blue. Alkalis react with acids and neutralise them.
Examples of Bases
Sodium hydroxide (lye), NaOH Potassium hydroxide, KOH Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide (lime), Ca(OH)2 What do you notice about all these bases?
Neutralisation
Acids and alkalis react with each other. The alkali cancels out the acid in the reaction. This is called neutralisation.
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Scientist can test a substance to see whether it is acidic or basic (alkalis) by using an indicator.
Indicators
Indicators help you find out whether a solution is acidic or not.
They are the substances which change colour in acid or alkaline solutions.
Litmus Test
pH is actually a measurement of the concentration of hydrogen, H+ in a solution The higher the concentration of the H+ ions, the lower the pH value, and more acidic the solution is The higher the concentration of the OH ions, the higher the pH value and the more alkaline solution the solution is.
pH Scale
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ALKALIS
Bitter in taste Turns red litmus blue Does not react with metals Does not react with carbonates In methyl orange turns yellow In phenolphthalein turns pink Universal indicator colour range (blue to violet) Ph value (8-14) Neutralizes acids