Elements and Principles of Design

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Elements & Principles

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To identify elements and principles of
design

To apply elements and principles of
design to interiors

To examine the impact of elements and
principles of design on apparel decisions
Objectives
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Elements
Line
Shape/Form
Space
Texture
Color
Principles
Rhythm
Emphasis
Balance
Proportion/Scal
e
Harmony
Elements & Principles
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Elements of
Design
line
shape--form
space
texture
color
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Line
A mark that is greater in length than in width
Indicates direction
Many different types of lines
straight
curved
horizontal
vertical
diagonal
Elements
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Vertical
Dignity, discipline,
strength
Emphasize height in
a room
Make people appear
more slender when
used in apparel
Horizontal
Sense of rest,
relaxation
Counteract vertical
lines
Too many can make
a room seem dull
Can make a person
appear heavier
Elements
Line
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Diagonal
Break monotony of
vertical and horizontal
Help move eye
around room
More interesting
More difficult to use
Curved
Portray grace, youth
More relaxed and
informal
Livelier
Elements
Line
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Shape/Form
Solid objects, opposite of space
Free space does not exist
Shape
2-dimensional (length, width)
geometric
organic (free flowing)
Form
3-dimensional (length, width, depth)

Elements
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Shape
Circle
Elements
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Shape
Triangle
Elements
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Shape
Square
Elements
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Space

Total area a person can see

Large shapes and forms break up space

Area around shape/form is called negative space
Elements
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Texture
Surface quality of textile or finish
Can be apparent (visual) or tactile (touch)
Kinds of texture
rough
smooth
dull
shiny
soft
Elements
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Color
Light reflected off objects

Can have strong emotional and
psychological impact

Main characteristics
hue (name)
value (how light or dark)
intensity (how bright or dull)
Elements
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Color
WARM colors: redorangeyellow
active, exciting, aggressive

COOL colors: bluevioletgreen
calming, restful, passive
Elements
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Color Wheel

Elements
warm cool
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primary
secondary
intermediate
Elements
Color
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Principles of
Design
balance
emphasis
harmony
rhythm
proportionscale
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Balance
Distribution of visual weight
Creates a sense of rest and equilibrium
Equality between opposite elements
Two types
symmetrical(formal balance) exactly same on both
sides
asymmetrical(informal balance) balanced, but each
side is different
Principles
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Rhythm
Repetition of one or more design elements

Creates a feeling of organized movement,
sense of order

Used to guide eye through design, provide
direction
Principles
Example: collection of vases displayed on a shelf,
row of buttons on garment or stripes
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Principles
What type of
balance does this
room
have?

Where is the rhythm
in this room?

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Emphasis
Center of interest, focal point, catches the
viewers attention

Element that has been exaggerated or
centralized to draw viewers eye
Principles
Example: fire place, vase of flowers, artwork
piece of jewelry, scarf, hair clip
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Principles
What area of this room
is
your eye drawn to?

Why do you think this
has
become the focal point?
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Proportion/Scale
Relationship of parts to each other and to
design as a whole

Size, amount, number relate well with each
other

Relationship between size and
shape; shape and surroundings
Principles
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Principles
Is this area well-proportioned
or disproportioned?

Compare the size and scale
of the objects in the
room to one another
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Harmony/Unity
Unity + Variety = Harmony

Unity-everything works together

Variety-design is not boring, several elements
used to hold viewers attention
Principles
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Harmony
Principles
Discuss the design
of this room

Are all of the elements
harmonious?

Why or why not?
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Discuss how texture and color can affect
ones emotions or feelings about a room,
garment or object.

How do people express themselves
through design?
Principles
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1. Name the four types of lines.

2. Describe the difference in symmetrical
and asymmetrical balance.

3. Emphasis refers only to a brighter color.

Quiz
A. True B. False
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4. Harmony = _________ + __________

5. Give two examples of rhythm not
discussed in the presentation.
6. Which of the following is not a correct
definition of balance?
Quiz
A. distribution of visual weight
B. creates a sense of rest and equilibrium
C. equality between opposite elements
D. ending figure in your checkbook
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Elements & Principles

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