Electrical Power and Machines - Sync Motor
Electrical Power and Machines - Sync Motor
Electrical Power and Machines - Sync Motor
Motors
Three-phase, unity power factor synchronous
motor rated 3000 hp (2200 kW), 327 r/min,
4000 V, 60 Hz driving a compressor used in a
pumping station on the Trans Canada pipeline.
Brushless excitation is provided by a 21 kW,
250 V alternator/rectifier, which is mounted on
the shaft between the bearing pedestal and the
main rotor. (Courtesy of General Electric)
Construction
1 - dc control source
2- stationary exciter poles
3 - alternator (3-phase exciterl
4 - 3-phase Connection
5- bridge rectifier
6 - dc line
7 - rotor of synchronous motor
8 - stator of synchronous motor
9 - 3-phase input to stator
Starting a Synchronous
Motor
A synchronous motor can not start by itself
the motor is equipped with a squirrel cage winding so as to start as an
induction motor
during starting, the dc field winding is short circuited
when the motor has accelerated close to synchronous speed, the dc
excitation is then applied to produce the field flux
Pull-in torque
if the poles on the rotor at the moment the exciting current is applied
happen to be facing poles of opposite polarity on the stator, a strong
magnetic attraction is set up between them
o the mutual attraction locks the rotor and stator poles together
o the rotor is literally yanked into step with the revolving field
Maximum Torque
The power equation shows that the
mechanical power increases with
the torque angle
its maximum value is reached when d
is 90
the poles of the rotor are then midway
between the north and south poles of
the stator
Effects of Excitation
Effects of Excitation
V-Curves
V-Curves
Effects of Excitation
Example
3000 kW, 200 rpm, 6600 V
synchronous motor operates at
full-load at a 80% leading power
factor. Synchronous reactance is
11 . Calculate the following
a. the apparent power of the
motor
b. the ac line current
c. the value and phase angle of
the induced voltage, E
d. draw the phasor diagram
e. determine the torque angle,
Effects of
Excitation
Example
3000 kW, 200 rpm, 6600 V
synchronous motor operates at
full-load at a 80% leading power
factor. Synchronous reactance is
11 . Calculate the following
a. the apparent power of the
motor
b. the ac line current
c. the value and phase angle of
the induced voltage, E
d. draw the phasor diagram
e. determine the torque angle,
Effects of Excitation
Example
3000 kW, 200 rpm, 6600 V
synchronous motor operates at
full-load at a 80% leading power
factor. Synchronous reactance is
11 . Calculate the following
a. the apparent power of the
motor
b. the ac line current
c. the value and phase angle of
the induced voltage, E
d. draw the phasor diagram
e. determine the torque angle,
Stopping the
Synchronous Motor
Example
a 1500 kW, 4600 V, 600 rpm motor is
stopped by using the short-circuit method
o E0 = 2400, XS = 16 and RA = 0.2
, per phase
o moment of inertia = 275 kg m2
calculate
a. the power dissipated in the armature at
600 rpm
b. the power dissipated in the armature at
150 rpm
c. the kinetic energy at 600 rpm
d. the kinetic energy at 150 rpm
e. the time required for the speed to fall
from 600 rpm to 150 rpm
Stopping the
Synchronous Motor
Example
a 1500 kW, 4600 V, 600 rpm motor is
stopped by using the short-circuit method
o E0 = 2400, XS = 16 and RA = 0.2
, per phase
o moment of inertia = 275 kg m2
calculate
a. the power dissipated in the armature at
600 rpm
b. the power dissipated in the armature at
150 rpm
c. the kinetic energy at 600 rpm
d. the kinetic energy at 150 rpm
e. the time required for the speed to fall
from 600 rpm to 150 rpm
Machine Comparison
Induction machines have excellent properties
when speeds are above 600 rpm
simple construction and maintenance
at lower speeds induction machines become heavy and costly with
relatively low power factors and efficiencies
Machine Comparison
a squirrel-cage induction motor and a synchronous motor, both
rated at 4000 hp, 1800 r/min, 6.9 kV, 60 Hz.
comparison of
the efficiency
comparison of
the starting
torque
Synchronous Condenser
A synchronous condenser (synchronous capacitor) is a
synchronous motor running at no load
only purpose is to absorb or deliver reactive power in order to stabilize
the system voltage
the machine acts as an enormous 3-phase capacitor or inductor
the reactive power is varied by changing the dc field excitation
Synchronous Condenser
Example
A synchronous condenser is
rated at 160 MVar, 16 kV, and
1200 rpm, and is connected to
16 kV line. The machine has a
synchronous reactance of 0.8
per phase. Calculate the value of
E0 so that the machine
a.
b.
Synchronous Condenser
Example
A synchronous condenser is
rated at 160 MVar, 16 kV, and
1200 rpm, and is connected to
16 kV line. The machine has a
synchronous reactance of 0.8
per phase. Calculate the value of
E0 so that the machine
a.
b.
Synchronous
Condenser
Example
A synchronous condenser is
rated at 160 MVar, 16 kV, and
1200 rpm, and is connected to
16 kV line. The machine has a
synchronous reactance of 0.8
per phase. Calculate the value of
E0 so that the machine
a.
b.
Synchronous
Condenser
Example
A synchronous condenser is
rated at 160 MVar, 16 kV, and
1200 rpm, and is connected to
16 kV line. The machine has a
synchronous reactance of 0.8
per phase. Calculate the value of
E0 so that the machine
a.
b.
Synchronous
Condenser
Example
A synchronous condenser is
rated at 160 MVar, 16 kV, and
1200 rpm, and is connected to
16 kV line. The machine has a
synchronous reactance of 0.8
per phase. Calculate the value of
E0 so that the machine
a.
b.
Homework
Problems 17-14, 17-15, 17-19, and 17-20