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    The Brain and Behaviour-3

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    jhans222
    The document discusses the brain and nervous system. It covers topics like communication in the nervous system, the basic unit of the neuron, types of neurons, parts of a neuron like dendrites and axons, the neuronal synapse, electrochemical processes like action potentials and neurotransmitters, examples of neurotransmitters and their roles in behavior, research on neurotransmitters, and psychopharmacology concepts.

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    The Brain and Behaviour-3

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    jhans222
    102 views11 pages
    The document discusses the brain and nervous system. It covers topics like communication in the nervous system, the basic unit of the neuron, types of neurons, parts of a neuron like dendrites and axons, the neuronal synapse, electrochemical processes like action potentials and neurotransmitters, examples of neurotransmitters and their roles in behavior, research on neurotransmitters, and psychopharmacology concepts.

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    The document discusses the brain and nervous system. It covers topics like communication in the nervous system, the basic unit of the neuron, types of neurons, parts of a neuron like dendrites and axons, the neuronal synapse, electrochemical processes like action potentials and neurotransmitters, examples of neurotransmitters and their roles in behavior, research on neurotransmitters, and psychopharmacology concepts.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    102 views11 pages

    The Brain and Behaviour-3

    Uploaded by

    jhans222
    The document discusses the brain and nervous system. It covers topics like communication in the nervous system, the basic unit of the neuron, types of neurons, parts of a neuron like dendrites and axons, the neuronal synapse, electrochemical processes like action potentials and neurotransmitters, examples of neurotransmitters and their roles in behavior, research on neurotransmitters, and psychopharmacology concepts.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    The Brain and

    Behaviour
    •Communication
    •Nervous System
    •The Brain
    •Brain Functioning
    •Genetics
    •Evolutionary Psychology
    Communication in
    the Nervous System
    The Neuron
    -basic unit
    -variety of shapes, sizes,
    functions
    Types of neurons
     Sensory neurons – afferent
     from the body to the brain
     Motor neurons – efferent
     from the brain to the body
     Interneurons
     connects sensory/motor activities
     Glial cells
     “glue” holding neurons in place
     raw material for Myelin Sheath
    Parts of the Neuron
     Dendrites
     receives signals from neighbouring cells
     Cell Body
     signals interpreted – sent on
     Axon
     extended part of neuron
     where the nerve impulse travels
     Axon Terminals
     end points of the axon – connects to next cell
     Myelin Sheath
     white, insulating “jacket” on longer axons (for speed)
    Neuronal Synapse
     microscopically small space
     between axon terminals and
     (sending neuron)
     receptor sites
     (receiving neuron)
    Neuronal Synapse
     2 Types of Electrochemical Processes
    1. Action Potential – activity within the neuron
     Polarization of the axon
     internal state – negatively charged
     external state – positively charged
     Depolarization
     when stimulated, the axon builds to a threshold,
    then fires
     impulse is a constant strength: “all or none”
     membrane has sodium “channels”
     change causes positive ions to enter the axon
     when internal charge is positive, channels close
     axon returns to polarized state (refractory time)
    Neuronal Synapse
    2. Neurotransmitters – activity between
    neurons
     when action potential reaches the end of the
    axon, neurotransmitters are released into the
    synapse and bind to receptor sites in the next
    neuron
     reuptake - neurotransmitters return to the
    sending neuron
     post synaptic potential
     excitatory - makes it easier to fire
     inhibitory - makes it harder to fire
    Neurotransmitters and
    Behaviour
     Acetylcholine
     neuromuscular, memory
     GABA
     behaviour, anxiety
     Serotonin
     mood, sleep, activity level, appetite
     Dopamine
     movement, thought, emotion, pleasure
     Norepinephrine
     arousal, learning, memory, emotions, drives
    Research on
    Neurotransmitters
     Serotonin - autism
     Dopamine - Parkinson’s disease

    Neuropeptides - pseudoneurotransmitters
    Neuromodulators - wide range effects
    Psychoparmacology
     Agonists
     facilitates action
     Antagonist
     opposes action

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