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    Stresses in Cylinder Wall

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    Aarzoo Shah
    The document discusses stresses in cylinder walls. It describes the two principal stresses - circumferential hoop stress and longitudinal stress. It also discusses how these stresses are reduced by Poisson's ratio to get the net stresses. An example is then provided to calculate the bore and length of a cylinder liner, liner thickness, cylinder head thickness, size and number of studs for a diesel engine cylinder based on given specifications and allowable stresses of materials. The calculations are shown step-by-step to arrive at the values of these parameters.

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    Stresses in Cylinder Wall

    Uploaded by

    Aarzoo Shah
    270 views9 pages
    The document discusses stresses in cylinder walls. It describes the two principal stresses - circumferential hoop stress and longitudinal stress. It also discusses how these stresses are reduced by Poisson's ratio to get the net stresses. An example is then provided to calculate the bore and length of a cylinder liner, liner thickness, cylinder head thickness, size and number of studs for a diesel engine cylinder based on given specifications and allowable stresses of materials. The calculations are shown step-by-step to arrive at the values of these parameters.

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    The document discusses stresses in cylinder walls. It describes the two principal stresses - circumferential hoop stress and longitudinal stress. It also discusses how these stresses are reduced by Poisson's ratio to get the net stresses. An example is then provided to calculate the bore and length of a cylinder liner, liner thickness, cylinder head thickness, size and number of studs for a diesel engine cylinder based on given specifications and allowable stresses of materials. The calculations are shown step-by-step to arrive at the values of these parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    270 views9 pages

    Stresses in Cylinder Wall

    Uploaded by

    Aarzoo Shah
    The document discusses stresses in cylinder walls. It describes the two principal stresses - circumferential hoop stress and longitudinal stress. It also discusses how these stresses are reduced by Poisson's ratio to get the net stresses. An example is then provided to calculate the bore and length of a cylinder liner, liner thickness, cylinder head thickness, size and number of studs for a diesel engine cylinder based on given specifications and allowable stresses of materials. The calculations are shown step-by-step to arrive at the values of these parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    STRESSES IN CYLINDER

    WALL
    APPARENT STRESSES :
    There are two principal stresses in
    engine cylinder
    a. Circumferential hoop stress (c)
    b. Longitudinal stress (l)
    It is assumed that the stresses are
    uniformly distributed over the wall
    thickness. Considering equilibrium of
    forces acting on the half portion of
    cylinder of unit length.

    STRESSES IN CYLINDER
    WALL
    Net stresses :Two principal stresses
    the circumferential hoop stress ( c)
    and longitudinal stress (l) are tensile
    stresses and they act at right angles
    to each other. Therefore net stresses
    in these directions are reduced.
    Consider the fig. (a)circumferential
    stress. (b) longitudnal stress.

    STRESSES IN CYLINDER
    WALL
    The net stresses are given by

    (c)net = c - l
    (l)net = l - c
    where;
    c = apparent circumferential stress (N/mm^2)
    l = apparent longitudnal stress (N/mm^2)
    (c)net = net circumferential stress (N/mm^2)
    (l)net = net longitudnal stress (N/mm^2)
    The cylinder material is usually brittle such as cast iron. The
    value of Poissions ratio is taken as 0.25.

    = 0.25

    Example

    Q. The cylinder of a four- stroke diesel engine has the following specifications:

    Brake power=7.5KW
    Speed=1400 rpm
    Indicated mean effective pressure=0.35 Mpa Mechanical gas pressure=3.5 Mpa
    Maximum gas pressure=3.5 Mpa
    The cylinder liner and head are made of grey cast iron FG 260(Sut=260 N/mm2
    and =
    0.25).The studs are made of plain carbon steel 40C8 (Syt=380 N/mm2).The factor of
    safety for all part is 6.
    Calculate:
    1.Bore and length of cylinder liner
    2.Thickness of the cylinder liner
    3.Thickness of the cylinder head
    4.Size, number and pitch of studs
    Solution:
    Given:
    BP=7.5 KW= 7500 W N=1400 RPM pm= 0.35 Mpa =3.5 n/mm2
    Fs=6 efficiency=80%=.8 For studs, Syt= 380 N/mm2 For cylinder liner and head, Sut=260
    N/mm2
    =0.25

    ...

    Step1. Bore and length of cylinder liner


    Assumption: The ratio of stroke length to cylinder
    diameter (l/D) is 1.5
    D= cylinder bore (mm)
    A=cross-sectional area of cylinder=(D2/4) (mm2)
    L=length of stroke in m =(1.5D/1000) (m)
    For a four - stroke engine,
    n=N/2=1400/2=700 strokes/min
    IP=BP/=7500/0.8=9375 W
    IP=pmlAn/60=(pm/60)(1.5D/1000)(D2/4)(n)
    9375=(.35/60)(1.5D/1000)(D2/4)(700)
    D3=1948.84 * 103
    D=124.9 mm or 125 mm
    l=1.5D= 1.5 (125) =187.5 mm

    .....
    The length of the stroke is 187.5 mm. There is clearance on both
    sides of the stroke. Assuming the clearance as 15% of stroke length,
    the length of the cylinder (L) is given by,
    L= 1.15l= 1.15(187.5) =215.63 mm
    L=216 mm

    Step 2. Thickness of cylinder liner


    The permissible tensile stress is given by,
    t=Sut/fs=260/6=43.33 N/mm2
    By linear interpolation, the reboring allowance C for (D=125
    mm) is given by,
    C=2.4 + (4-2.4)/(150-100)*(125-100) =3.2mm

    The thickness of the cylinder is given by,


    t=pmaxD/2t +C
    = 3.5(125)/2(43.33) +3.2 =8.5 mm or 10 mm

    ....

    Apparent stress:
    Circumferential stress
    c= pmax D/2t=3.5(125)/2(10) =21.88 N/mm2
    (c < 43.33 n/mm2)
    Longitudal stress
    Do=D+2t=125+2(10)=145mm
    l =pmaxD^/(Do^2-d^2)=3.5/[(145^2)-(125^2)]
    =10.13N/mm2
    Net stresses:
    Circumferential stress
    (c)net= c - l= 21.88-0.25(10.13)
    =19.35N/mm2
    Longitudnal stress
    (l )net= l - c = 10.13-0.25(21.88)=4.66N/mm2
    STEP 3 : Thickness of cylinder head
    The permissible stress for the cylinder head is given by ;
    t = Sut/(fs)=260/6=43.33N/mm2

    ...
    c = t =43.33N/mm2
    th= D (kpmax/ c )^.5=125[.162(3.5)/43.33]
    =14.3 or 15 mm
    STEP 4: Number of studs
    The number of studs should be from 5.25 to 6.5
    It is assumed that there are six studs.
    z=6
    STEP 5: The permissible stress for the studs is given by,
    t= Syt/fs= 380/6=63.33 N/mm2
    Force acting on cylinder head = (/4)D2 pmax
    = (/4) (125)2(3.5)= 42951.46 N
    - eq a
    Resisting force offered by all studs= (/4) dc2 z t
    =

    (/4) dc2 (6)(63.33) = 298.44 dc2

    - eq b

    ....
    Equating a and b
    298.44 dc2 = 42951.46

    or dc=12 mm

    d = dc/.8 =12/.8 =15 mm


    Step 6) Pitch of studs
    Pitch circle diameter of studs (Dp) =D+3d
    = 125 + 3(15) =170 mm
    Pitch of the studs = () Dp/z= (170)/6=89.01 mm

    Limits:
    Minimum pitch = 19 (d)^05 =73.59 mm
    Maximum pitch= 28.5(d)^0.5 =110.38 mm

    The pitch of the studs is 89.01 mm. It is within the llimits of 73.59 and 110.38
    mm . Therefore, the pitch of the studs is satisfactory..

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