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    Wired LAN Ethernet

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    SahilPrabhakar
    The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over time. It describes how IEEE project 802 set standards for local area network protocols in 1985. It then provides details on the original Ethernet created in 1976 and the standard or traditional Ethernet. It discusses the four generations of Ethernet that followed and topics like MAC sublayer, physical layer, frame formats, address formats, and different implementations of standard Ethernet like 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T and 10Base-F. The document also summarizes the changes to standard Ethernet that enabled higher data rates and evolution to fast Ethernet of 100Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet of 1000Mbps.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Wired LAN Ethernet

    Uploaded by

    SahilPrabhakar
    90 views40 pages
    The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over time. It describes how IEEE project 802 set standards for local area network protocols in 1985. It then provides details on the original Ethernet created in 1976 and the standard or traditional Ethernet. It discusses the four generations of Ethernet that followed and topics like MAC sublayer, physical layer, frame formats, address formats, and different implementations of standard Ethernet like 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T and 10Base-F. The document also summarizes the changes to standard Ethernet that enabled higher data rates and evolution to fast Ethernet of 100Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet of 1000Mbps.

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    Computer Networks

    Original Title

    12695_Wired LAN Ethernet

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    The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over time. It describes how IEEE project 802 set standards for local area network protocols in 1985. It then provides details on the original Ethernet created in 1976 and the standard or traditional Ethernet. It discusses the four generations of Ethernet that followed and topics like MAC sublayer, physical layer, frame formats, address formats, and different implementations of standard Ethernet like 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T and 10Base-F. The document also summarizes the changes to standard Ethernet that enabled higher data rates and evolution to fast Ethernet of 100Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet of 1000Mbps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    90 views40 pages

    Wired LAN Ethernet

    Uploaded by

    SahilPrabhakar
    The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over time. It describes how IEEE project 802 set standards for local area network protocols in 1985. It then provides details on the original Ethernet created in 1976 and the standard or traditional Ethernet. It discusses the four generations of Ethernet that followed and topics like MAC sublayer, physical layer, frame formats, address formats, and different implementations of standard Ethernet like 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T and 10Base-F. The document also summarizes the changes to standard Ethernet that enabled higher data rates and evolution to fast Ethernet of 100Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet of 1000Mbps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 40

    Wired LANs:

    Ethernet

    IEEE STANDARDS
    In 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a
    project, called Project 802, to set standards to enable
    intercommunication among equipment from a variety of
    manufacturers. Project 802 is a way of specifying
    functions of the physical layer and the data link layer of
    major LAN protocols.
    Topics discussed in this section:
    Data Link Layer
    Physical Layer

    IEEE standard for LANs

    HDLC frame compared with LLC and M

    STANDARD ETHERNET
    The original Ethernet was created in 1976 at
    Xeroxs Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).
    Since then, it has gone through four generations.
    We briefly discuss the Standard (or traditional)
    Ethernet in this section.
    Topics discussed in this section:
    MAC Sublayer
    Physical Layer

    Ethernet evolution through four gener

    802.3 MAC frame

    Minimum and maximum lengths

    Note

    Frame length:
    Minimum: 64 bytes (512 bits)
    Maximum: 1518 bytes (12,144 bits)

    Example of an Ethernet address in hexadeci

    Unicast and multicast addresses

    Note

    The least significant bit of the first


    byte
    defines the type of address.
    If the bit is 0, the address is unicast;
    otherwise, it is multicast.

    Note

    The broadcast destination address is a


    special case of the multicast address
    in which all bits are 1s.

    Example
    Define the type of the following destination addresses:
    a. 4A:30:10:21:10:1A
    b. 47:20:1B:2E:08:EE
    c. FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
    Solution
    Tofindthetypeoftheaddress,weneedtolookatthe
    secondhexadecimaldigitfromtheleft.Ifitiseven,the
    addressisunicast.Ifitisodd,theaddressismulticast.If
    alldigitsareFs,theaddressisbroadcast.Therefore,we
    havethefollowing:
    a.ThisisaunicastaddressbecauseAinbinaryis1010.
    b.Thisisamulticastaddressbecause7inbinaryis0111.
    c.ThisisabroadcastaddressbecausealldigitsareFs.

    Example
    Show how the address 47:20:1B:2E:08:EE is sent out on
    line.
    Solution
    Theaddressissentlefttoright,bytebybyte;foreachbyte,
    itissentrighttoleft,bitbybit,asshownbelow:

    Categories of Standard Ethernet

    Encoding in a Standard Ethernet imple

    10Base5 implementation

    10Base2 implementation

    10Base-T implementation

    10Base-F implementation

    Table:
    Summary of Standard Ethernet implementations

    CHANGES IN THE STANDARD


    The 10-Mbps Standard Ethernet has gone through
    several changes before moving to the higher data rates.
    These changes actually opened the road to the evolution
    of the Ethernet to become compatible with other highdata-rate LANs.
    Topics discussed in this section:
    Bridged Ethernet
    Switched Ethernet
    Full-Duplex Ethernet

    Sharing bandwidth

    A network with and without a bridge

    Collision domains in an unbridged network and a b

    Switched Ethernet

    Full-duplex switched Ethernet

    FAST ETHERNET
    Fast Ethernet was designed to compete with LAN
    protocols such as FDDI or Fiber Channel. IEEE created
    Fast Ethernet under the name 802.3u. Fast Ethernet is
    backward-compatible with Standard Ethernet, but it can
    transmit data 10 times faster at a rate of 100 Mbps.
    Topics discussed in this section:
    MAC Sublayer
    Physical Layer

    Fast Ethernet topology

    Fast Ethernet implementations

    Encoding for Fast Ethernet implementation

    Table:
    Summary of Fast Ethernet implementations

    GIGABIT ETHERNET
    The need for an even higher data rate resulted in
    the design of the Gigabit Ethernet protocol (1000
    Mbps). The IEEE committee calls the standard
    802.3z.
    Topics discussed in this section:
    MAC Sublayer
    Physical Layer
    Ten-Gigabit Ethernet

    Note

    In the full-duplex mode of Gigabit


    Ethernet, there is no collision;
    the maximum length of the cable is
    determined by the signal attenuation
    in the cable.

    Topologies of Gigabit Ethernet

    Gigabit Ethernet implementations

    Encoding in Gigabit Ethernet implementations

    Table:
    Summary of Gigabit Ethernet implementations

    Table:
    Summary of Ten-Gigabit Ethernet implementations

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