Inductance of An Inductor

INDUCTANCE OF AN
INDUCTOR
Compiled and presented by:
D. Nedrick
WHAT IS AN INDUCTOR?
An
inductor is a coil of wire.

Two types of inductors are air core and iron
core
Induced Electromotive Force

(EMF)
When
a conductor cuts, or is cut by,

magnetic lines of force, an e.m.f. (voltage) is
induced into that conductor
Relative motion
When a wire is moved across a magnetic field,
there is a relative motion between the wire and
the magnetic field.
N
S
When a magnetic field is moved past a

stationary wire, there is also relative motion.
In either case, the relative motion results in
an induced voltage in the wire.
Summary
Induced voltage
Theinducedvoltageduetotherelativemotion
betweentheconductorandthemagneticfieldwhenthe
motionisperpendiculartothefieldisgivenby
vind = Blv
B = fluxdensityinT
l = lengthoftheconductorinthemagneticfieldinm
v = relativevelocityinm/s
(motionisperpendicular)
Summary
Faradays law
Faradayexperimentedwithgeneratingcurrentby
relativemotionbetweenamagnetandacoilofwire.
Theamountofvoltageinducedacrossacoilis
determinedbytwofactors:
S
-V
1. Therateofchangeofthe
magneticfluxwithrespect
tothecoil.
+
Voltage is indicated only
when magnet is moving.
Summary
Faradays law
Faradayalsoexperimentedgeneratingcurrentby
relativemotionbetweenamagnetandacoilofwire.
Theamountofvoltageinducedacrossacoilis
determinedbytwofactors:
S
-V
1. Therateofchangeofthe
magneticfluxwithrespect
tothecoil.
2. Thenumberofturnsof
wireinthecoil.
Voltage is indicated only

when magnet is moving.
Faradays Law
The
magnitude of an electromagnetic
force induced in a circuit is
proportional to the rate of change of
the magnetic flux that cuts across the
circuit.
INDUCTANCE
Inductance
is the ability of a conductor to

produce an induced voltage also called counter
EMF, back EMF when the current varies.
The symbol for inductance is L, and the unit is
the Henry (H).
An inductor has an inductance of 1 henry (H) if
a current changing in it at the rate of 1 ampere
per second induces an e.m.f. of 1 volt. If the
induced e.m.f. is 2 V, the inductance is 2 H.
INDUCTANCE Contd
The
millihenry (1 mH = 10-3 H) and the

micro henry (1 H = 10-6 H) are more
convenient sub-units.
Self Induced EMF

Self-induced
e.m.f. is
the e.m.f. which is
induced in a coil due
to the changing flux
in the coil cutting the
conductors of the
coil.
This self-induced
e.m.f. is in opposition
to the voltage
producing it.
CHANGING CURRENT FLOWING IN
COIL CAUSES FIELD TO GROW AND
COLLAPSE
Self Inductance Contd

The
self-induced e.m.f. tends to limit

the current in the circuit: it chokes the
current flowing in a coil when it is
carrying an alternating, or changing,
current. The greater the change in the
current the greater the e.m.f.
Lenz Law
An
induced electromotive force (voltage)

in any circuit is always in a direction in
opposition to the current that produced it.
An
induced electromotive force generates

a current that induces a counter magnetic
field that opposes the magnetic field
generating the current.
Factors affecting inductance

There
are four basic factors of inductor

construction determining the amount
of inductance created. These factors
all dictate inductance by affecting how
much magnetic field flux will develop
for a given amount of magnetic field
force (current through the inductors
wire coil):
Factors That Affect the

Inductance of an Inductor
The number of turns of wire with
which the coil is wound
The cross sectional area of the coil
It has a core of magnetic material.
Length of the coil
In DC Circuits
When a dc current increases in

a coil from zero to its steady
value, the accompanying
magnetic field builds up to its
final shape.
During the process the field is

changing and induced an EMF
in the coil itself which opposes
the change causing it, i.e. the
rising current that is trying to
establish the field.
In DC Circuit Contd
When
the current is
switched off, the
collapsing field caused by
the collapsing current (and
field). It tries to keep the
current flowing longer, so
delaying its fall to zero.
Time Constant
The time constant can also

be used as a measure of the
time taken by the current to
rise or fall in a circuit
containing inductance (L)
and resistance (R).
The time required for the
current in a series RL circuit
to increase to 63.2 % of its
maximum (steady state)
value is known as the RL
Time Constant of the circuit.
Time constant is given in
seconds
How long Does It Take For

Current Rise To Its Maximum?
It is expressed as the formula: t = L/R
where t = time constant, in seconds
L = inductance, in Henrys
R = resistance, in ohms
It takes 5 time constants to reach
100% of its maximum value
Example:
Calculate
the time constant for a circuit

having an inductance of 5H and a resistance
of 100?
T = L/R
= 5/100
= 0.05s
b. How long will it take for the current to rise
to its maximum?
IMax = 5 x t
= 5 x 0.05s
= 0.25s
Activity
Calculate
the time constant of an

inductor of 30mH if it is connected in
series with a 10 ohm resistor. b) how
long will it take for the current to reach
its maximum value?
Calculate the value resistor that must
be connected in series with a 50mH
inductor to delay the rise of current to
its maximum to 0.0001 sec.
Energy Stored by an Inductor

It
can be shown that the energy W stored in

the magnetic field of an inductor of
inductance L carrying a current I since this
magnetic field can attract and repel
magnetic materials.
Energy stored in its magnetic field can be
found by using the formula: W = X L X I 2
Where
W = Energy or Work done in Joules,

L = Inductance in Henrys and I = Current in
Amperes.
Example
Calculate
the energy stored in the

magnetic field of an inductor of
inductance 40 mH when 7.5Amps
flows through it.
W = X L X I2
= x 0.04H x 7.5A2
= 1.125 Joules
Activity
Calculate
the amount of energy stored

in the magnetic field of an inductor of
100mH if 2mA of current flows through
it.
What value current will cause an
inductor of value 150mH to stored
300mJ?
Inductors connected in series
A series circuit is a
circuit in which the
current has only one
path. In a series circuit,
all of the current passes
through each of the
components in the
circuit.
If the inductors are

shielded, or far enough
apart to prevent mutual
inductance, the total
inductance of the circuit
is cumulative
Magnetic shield used to protect

an inductor from stray magnetic
fields
MAGNETIC
SHIELD
SHIELDED COMPONENT
Path of flux line

through shield
material
External magnetic
field
Calculating Total Inductance

LT
= L1 + L2 + L3 . . .
where LT is the total
inductance in the
circuit, and L1 through
L3 . . . are the
inductance ratings of
the individual inductors
in the circuit.
LT = 50 + 40 + 20
LT = 110 H
Inductors Connected in
Parallel
A parallel circuit is a
circuit in which
components are
arranged so that the
path for the current is
divided.
If the inductors are
shielded, or far enough
apart to prevent mutual
inductance, the total
inductance of the circuit
can be calculated using
the following formula:
Example
1= 1
1
1
LT
L 1 + L2 + L3
1
1
1
1
LT = 5 + 15 + 30
1/LT
1/LT
=
=
0.2 + 0.066 + 0.033

0.299
LT = 1/0.299
LT = 3.344 mH
Inductive Reactance
The
effect of self-induction in a coil is to

oppose any change in current flow in the coil.
For example, when voltage is applied to a
coil, current begins to flow in the coil. This
current induces a magnetic field around it. As
the field is expanding, a counter voltage,
sometimes called back voltage, is generated
in coil.
This back voltage opposes the main current
flow. This opposition to current flow is called
inductive reactance and is measured in
ohms.
Inductive Reactance Contd

The
amount of inductive reactance in a circuit

depends on the frequency and amount of
alternating current, and the amount of
inductance.
Calculated using the following formula:
XL = 2fL
where XL is inductive reactance in ohms, 2 is
a calculus derived constant that is normally
rounded off to 6.28, f is the frequency of the
applied alternating current in hertz, and L is
the inductance of the circuit in henries.
henries
Example
What
current will flow in an inductance

of 0.1H when an alternating supply of
200V, 50c/s is applied across it?
IL = V/xL
and XL = 2fL
XL = 2 x 3.14 x 50 x 0.1
= 31.4
IL = V/xL
= 200V/ 31.4
= 6.369A
Activity
What
current will flow in an inductance

of 0.2H when connected across a
100V, 50Hz supply?
Application of Inductance
The
properties of inductors make them

very useful in various applications. For
example, inductors oppose any changes in
current. Therefore, inductors can be used
to protect circuits from surges of current.
Inductors are also used to stabilize direct
current and to control or eliminate
alternating current. Inductors used to
eliminate alternating current above a
certain frequency are called chokes.
Applications Contd
Generators
One
of the most common uses of

electromagnetic inductance is in the
generation of electric current
Radio Receivers
Inductors can be used in circuits with
capacitors to generate and isolate highfrequency currents. For example, inductor
coils are used with capacitors in tuning
circuits of radios.
Application Contd
Metal
Detectors
Metal detectors contain one or more
inductor coils. When metal passes
through the magnetic field generated by
the coil or coils, the field induces electric
currents in the metal. These currents are
called eddy currents. These eddy
currents in turn induce their own
magnetic field, which generates current
in the detector that powers a signal
indicating the presence of the metal.

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INDUCTANCE OF AN

inductor is a coil of wire.

Induced Electromotive Force

a conductor cuts, or is cut by,

When a magnetic field is moved past a

Voltage is indicated only

is the ability of a conductor to

millihenry (1 mH = 10-3 H) and the

Self Induced EMF

Self Inductance Contd

self-induced e.m.f. tends to limit

induced electromotive force (voltage)

induced electromotive force generates

Factors affecting inductance

are four basic factors of inductor

Factors That Affect the

When a dc current increases in

During the process the field is

The time constant can also

How long Does It Take For

the time constant for a circuit

the time constant of an

Energy Stored by an Inductor

can be shown that the energy W stored in

W = Energy or Work done in Joules,

the energy stored in the

the amount of energy stored

Inductors connected in series

If the inductors are

Magnetic shield used to protect

Path of flux line

Calculating Total Inductance

0.2 + 0.066 + 0.033

effect of self-induction in a coil is to

Inductive Reactance Contd

amount of inductive reactance in a circuit

current will flow in an inductance

current will flow in an inductance

properties of inductors make them

of the most common uses of

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