Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 2
Writing:
an essential part of much academic
work
product of other study activities like
research, note-making, reflection, goal
setting.
different purposes and types of writing
but all academic writing shares some
features and writing processes.
1. Prewriting
Methods:
1. Brainstorming
2. Freewriting
3. Personal journal writing
Freewriting now
2. Planning
To clarify, focus, organize
Methods include:
1. List
2. Graphic organizers: mind map,
clustering
3. Outline view (essay plan).
Cluster diagram4
Mind maps
Revision example
Summarize
Paraphrase
Synthesize
Analyze
Evaluate
Summarize
Paraphrase
Synthesize
Analyze
Evaluate
Paraphrase
Summary or
Abstract
5. Peer review
Peer review is an essential part
of professional academic life.
Anonymous peer reviews are
necessary for journal publication
and some books.
Review by critical friends is
common.
6. Editing
Editing, proofreading & polishing are to
correct the surface features of the text.
1. Appearance
Spelling, punctuation
3. Sources, references, acknowledgements
concluding
sentence
main
idea
Answer:
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Stick
4
3
2
1
Transition words
chronological
order
objects in relation to
one another
in order of
importance
first
next to
however
meanwhile
in front of
furthermore
later
beside
as a result
afterwards
between
in fact
finally
behind
yet
tells a story
describes something
To avoid plagiarism
To acknowledge direct quotes
To provide evidence to support arguments
So that readers can check how much
preparation has gone into your work and
can find extra information
These
Include
The
1 way citing--author
Paraphrase example
Cowie (1996) suggests that unlike
capitalism, socialism promotes the
good of the whole before the good of
the individual.
2 way citing--information
Paraphrase example
Unlike capitalism, socialism promotes
the good of the whole before the good
of the individual (Cowie, 1996).
Any questions???