By The End of This Lecture You Will Be Able To:: Light-Dependent Reactions (I.e., Light Reactions)
By The End of This Lecture You Will Be Able To:: Light-Dependent Reactions (I.e., Light Reactions)
By The End of This Lecture You Will Be Able To:: Light-Dependent Reactions (I.e., Light Reactions)
vs.
HEAT
(not available for work)
(c) Euglena
(b) Kelp
(a) Mosses, ferns, and
flowering plants
(d) Cyanobacteria
Food Chain
Gamma
rays
X-rays
UV
Infrared
Visible light
Wavelength (nm)
Microwaves
Radio
waves
lig h
d
e
ect
l
f
e
R
h
lig
Transmitted light
The thylakoid
membrane of the
chloroplast is
impregnated with
photosynthetic
pigments (i.e.,
chlorophylls,
carotenoids).
Light
Reflected
light
Transmitted
light
Chloroplast
Absorbed
light
AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis is the process by which
autotrophic organisms use light energy to
make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon
dioxide and water
Carbon
dioxide
Water
Glucose
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Oxygen
gas
AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The light reactions
convert solar
energy to chemical
energy
Light
Chloroplast
NADP
ADP
+P
Light
reactions
Calvin
cycle
MESOPHYLL CELL
LEAF
Mesophyll
CHLOROPLAST
Intermembrane space
Outer
membrane
Granum
Grana
Stroma
Inner
membrane
Stroma
Thylakoid
Thylakoid
compartment
Chloroplast Pigments
Chloroplasts contain several pigments
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Carotene
Figure 7.7
Two types of
photosystems
cooperate in the
light reactions
Photon
Photon
ATP
mill
Water-splitting
photosystem
NADPH-producing
photosystem
Primary
electron
acceptor
NADP
2
Light
E le
Light
ct r
on
t
r an
sp
o rt
ch
ain
Primary
electron
acceptor
Reactioncenter
chlorophyll
Water-splitting
photosystem
2 H + 1/2
NADPH-producing
photosystem
Thylakoid
compartment
(high H+)
Light
Light
Thylakoid
membrane
Antenna
molecules
Stroma
(low H+)
ELECTRON TRANSPORT
CHAIN
PHOTOSYSTEM II
PHOTOSYSTEM I
ATP SYNTHASE
Stack of
thylakoids
ADP
+P
Light
reactions
Calvin
cycle
Cellular respiration
Cellulose
Starch
Other organic compounds
Chloroplast
Light
Photosystem II
Electron
transport
chains
Photosystem I
CALVIN
CYCLE
Stroma
Elec
tron
s
Cellular
respiration
Cellulose
Starch
LIGHT REACTIONS
CALVIN CYCLE
Other
organic
compounds