Heat of Phase Change

Heat Of Phase
Change
Presented by : LaraSurquia
Maegan Cornelia
PHASE CHANGES
There are four phases of matter:
PHASE CHANGES
Adding or removing heat from a sample of

matter does not always lead to a change in
its temperature. Instead the sample may
change its state from solid to liquid, or from
liquid to gas when heat is added, or it may
change from gas to liquid or from liquid to
solid when heat is taken away.
There are five changes of

phase:
Terms
Description
Heat
movement
Temperatur
e
Melting
Solid-Liquid
Heat goes into

the solid as it
melts.
none
Freezing
Liquid-Solid
Heat leaves
the liquid as it
freezes.
none
Vaporation
Liquid-Gas
Heat goes into

the liquid as it
vaporizes.
none
Condensation
Gas-Liquid
Heat goes into

the gas as it
vaporizes.
none
Sublimation
Solid-Gas
Heat goes into

the solid as it
sublimates
none
So, how could there be a change in heat

during a state change without a change in
temperature?
During a change in state the heat energy is used to change the

bonding between the molecules. In the case of melting, added
energy is used to break the bonds between the molecules. In the
case of freezing, energy is subtracted as the molecules bond to
one another. These energy exchanges are not changes in kinetic
energy. They are changes in bonding energy between the
molecules.
If heat is coming into a substance during a phase change, then

this energy is used to break the bonds between the molecules of
the substance. The example we will use here is ice melting into
water. Immediately after the molecular bonds in the ice are
broken the molecules are moving (vibrating) at the same average
speed as before, so their average kinetic energy remains the
same, and, thus, their Kelvin temperature remains the same.
Solid ice melting into liquid

water.
The molecule of ice and the molecule of water are moving

with the same rate of vibration . This is meant to show that
they have the same average speed and thus the same
average kinetic energy (since they have the same mass)
and thus the same Kelvin temperature. The motions are,
though, greatly exaggerated. Actually, the motions of the
molecules should be considered tiny vibrations.
Solid ice melting into

liquid water.
Heat (energy) is transferred into the ice.
The heat is used to break the bonds between molecules,

not to increase the average kinetic energy of the
molecules.
Since the bonds among the ice molecules have been

broken, water is formed. The water molecules, at this
moment, have the same average kinetic energy as they did
when they were ice.
Since the ice and water molecules both have the same
average kinetic energy, they are at the same Kelvin
temperature.
Liquid to Gas
Evaporation is the change of phase from

liquid to gas. Evaporation occurs only at the
surface of the water and at every
temperature. However, evaporation is
directly proportional to the temperature,
increasing in the temperature increasing in
the rate of evaporation.
Boiling
Boiling
Gained heat spent on breaking the bonds

between molecules and atoms. At this
temperature, vapor pressure of the liquid is equal
to the pressure of surrounding. During this
process evaporation occurs in everywhere of the
liquid which is called boiling. Boiling point is a
distinguishing property of liquids; each matter
has its own boiling point. For example, water boils
at 100 C in atmospheric pressure.
Fundamental Equation:
Q= mc T
Q = mHfusion
Q = heat supplied or removed or quantity
of energy (joules, J)
Hfusion = Heat fusion
m = mass of object (grams, g)
c = capacity of specific heat (J/g)
T = change in temperature ( or Kelvin,K)
Example problems:
Problem #1
15g of pure water are heated so that its

temperature rise at 12K. How much heat did it
take to this? (the specific heat capacity of water
is 4.2 J/gK)
Given: m = 15g, c = 4.2, T = =12K
Reqd: Q=?
Soln:
Q = mc T
Q = (15g)(4.2 J/gK)(12K)
Q= 760 J
Problem # 2
Elise places 48.2 grams of ice in her beverage.

What quantity of energy would be absorbed by the
ice (and released by the beverage) during the
melting process? The heat of fusion of water is 333
J/g.
Given: m=48.2 g, heat of fusion =333 J/g
Reqd: Q = ?
Q = mHfusion
=(48.2 g)(333 J/g)
Q = 16050.6 J or
Q = 1.61 x 104 J = 16.1 kJ (rounded to three
significant digits)
Problem# 3
What quantity of heat is required to raise the temperature

of 450 grams of water from 15C to 85C? The specific heat
capacity of water is 4.18 J/g/C.
Given:
m = 450 g
C = 4.18 J/g/C
Tinitial = 15C
Tfinal = 85C
Reqd: Q=?
T = Tfinal - Tinitial = 85C - 15C = 70.C
Q = mCT = (450 g)(4.18 J/g/C)(70.C)
Q = 131670 J
Q = 1.3x105 J = 130 kJ (rounded to two significant digits)
Solving:
What quantity of heat is required to raise the
temperature of 260 grams of water from 20C to 80C?
The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g/C.
Given:
m = 260 g
C = 4.18 J/g/C
Tinitial = 15C
Tfinal = 85C
Reqd: Q=?
T = Tfinal - Tinitial = 80C - 20C =60.C
Q = mCT = (260 g)(4.18 J/g/C)(60.C)
Q = 65208 J

Heat of Phase Change

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Heat Of Phase

There are four phases of matter:

Adding or removing heat from a sample of

There are five changes of

Heat goes into

Heat goes into

Heat goes into

Heat goes into

So, how could there be a change in heat

During a change in state the heat energy is used to change the

If heat is coming into a substance during a phase change, then

Solid ice melting into liquid

The molecule of ice and the molecule of water are moving

Solid ice melting into

Heat (energy) is transferred into the ice.

The heat is used to break the bonds between molecules,

Since the bonds among the ice molecules have been

Evaporation is the change of phase from

Gained heat spent on breaking the bonds

15g of pure water are heated so that its

Elise places 48.2 grams of ice in her beverage.

What quantity of heat is required to raise the temperature

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