Independent Assortment No Effect Father of Genetics
Independent Assortment No Effect Father of Genetics
Independent Assortment No Effect Father of Genetics
Traits
Genetics study of how traits are passed
from parent to offspring
Domina
nt color
Recessiv
e color
Straight thumb = TT
Straight thumb = Tt
Hitchhikers thumb = *ttMust have 2 recessive
alleles for a recessive
bb
White
Heterozyg
ous
male
White fur
(b)
Homozygous
recessive
female
White fur (b)
Male = Bb
= bb
X Female
b
Male gametes
-N
(One gene in
sperm)
B Bb
Bb
b bb
bb
Genotypic ratio = 2 Bb : 2 bb
50% Bb : 50% bb
Phenotypic ratio = 2 black : 2
white
50% black : 50% white
Female gametes
N
(One gene in
egg)
Possible
offspring
2N
BB
Bb
Bb
bb
Bb X Bb
Genotypic ratio = 1 BB : 2 Bb : 1
bb
25% BB : 50% Bb : 25%
bb
Bb X Bb
Man = Bb
Woman =
Bb
BB
Bb
Bb
bb
X XX
XX
Y XY
XY
R RR
W R
W
Genotypic =
WW
Phenotypic =
R
W
W
W
1 RR : 2 RW : 1
1 red : 2 pink : 1
2. hemophilia blood
wont clot
AB X OO
A
B
O AO BO
O AO BO
Mutations
Mutation sudden genetic change (change
in base pair sequence of DNA)
Can be :
Harmful mutations organism less able to
survive: genetic disorders, cancer, death
Beneficial mutations allows organism to
better
provides
genetic variation
Neutralsurvive:
mutations
Examples:
Downs syndrome (Trisomy 21) 47
chromosomes, extra chromosome at pair
#21