Translation Techniques
Translation Techniques
Translation Techniques
TECHNIQUES
UNIT 3
Contents
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Close reading
To get the gist
To get the essence
To get the substance
(literal meaning)
(Interpretation)
The intention of
the text
The intention of
the translator
The last reading
Text styles
The readership
The quality of
the writing
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
IN TRANSLATION
MACRO ANALYSIS
MICRO ANALYSIS
Macroanalysis
This analysis
answers these
questions
Who ?
When ?
Where ?
For whom?
How ?
Microanalysis
This analisys is based on the
process of segmentation to take
notes on the translation problems
we find in the text.
We split the text in
Lexical translation units
Sintagmatic translation units
Microanalysis
LEXICAL TRANSLATION UNITS
VERBS
ADVERBS
NOUNS
PRONOUNS
PROPER NOUNS
Microanalysis
SINTAGMATIC TRANSLATION
UNITS
DETERMINANTS
PREPOSITIONS
ARTICLES
POSSESSIVE WORDS
Examples
Roberto studies English everyday
The city is beautiful
The books are on the top of the book shelf
I have a nice watch
They are good students
The
The
The
The
textual level
referential
cohesive level
level of naturalness
Levels of approaches to a
translation process
1 Translating sentences by
sentence
2 Translating paragraphs by
paragraphs
3 Translating chapter by chapter
4 Read the text as whole and
translate it like wise
Sentence by sentence
Paragraph by paragraph
Literary texts
Reading
The whole
text
Translate chapter
By
chapter
For
Technical
Or
Institutional texts
It is usually preferable
It is time-wasting
It can be mechanical
It may may inhibit the
translator`s free play
of intution
APPROACHES ALTERNATIVES
The first approach is advisable for
a relatively easy text
It follows both
The structure
And the moods of
The text
The level of
Naturalness
Makes sense
Reads naturally
It is written in
Ordinary language
That meet the
Kind of situation
Translation Levels
WORD BY WORD
LITERAL TRANSLATION
EQUIVALENT TRANSLATION
Translation Methods or
types
The methods or
types
Faithful
translation
Semantic
translation
communicative
translation
Adaptation
Idiomatic translation
Free translation
Literal Translation
Grammatical
Constructions
Are converted to
their nearest TL
equivalents
Lexical words
Are translated
singly out of
context
Usage
(presentation
process)
It indicates the
problems to be
solved
Faithful Translation
Attempts to reproduce the precise
contextual meaning of the original
within the constraints of the TL
grammatical structures
It transfers cultural words
It preserves the degree of
grammatical and lexical
abnormality
Semantic Translation
It is faithful
It takes more account the aesthetic
value of SL text
The beautiful and natural sound of the SL
text concerning it is meaning
A semantic translation is written at the
author`s linguistic level
It may translate less important cultural
words, not cultural equivalents, intact
transference
It is used for expressive texts
Communicative Translation
It attemps to render the exact
contextual meaning of the
original
Both the content and the
language comprehensible to the
readership
Free Translation
It reproduces
The matter with out the manner
The content with out the form of the
original
It paraphrases the original (It
makes the TL text larger than the
original)
Idiomatic Translation
It reproduces the message of the
original
It prefers colloquialisms and
idioms
Translation Techniques
They are also called algunas
tcnicas de restitucin
They are used with the purpose of
helping the translator to translate
away from literal translation.
Translations Techniques
Ampliacin or Expansion
Reduccin or Reduction
Modulacin or Modulation
Transposition
Adaptation
Translation Techniques
Definition
EXPANSION OR WORD ADDING.
It consist of an extension of the
target language text due to
limitations in the languages
involved in the process of
translation (M Tricas Preckler)
Translation Techniques
Examples
AMPLIACION OR WORD ADDING
The teacher will give us a test
tomorrow morning
El profesor nos evaluara maana
en la maana
Marcos is studying English next
year
Marcos va a estudiar ingles el
prximo ao
TRANSPOSITION
It is used with verbs, adjectives,
adverbs
Nouns, pronouns and
prepositions.
Consists of the replacement of a word
class by another word class
without
changing the meaning
TRANSPOSITION
WHAT A BEAUTIFUL HOUSE YOU
LIVE IN
QUE CASA TAN LINDA EN LA QUE
VIVES
O
VIVES EN UNA CASA MUY BONITA
CROSS TRANSPOSITION
Transposition can also consist of changing the
sequence of the parts of speech in a sentence.
There is something called crossed transposition
which occurs when two terms take on each
others part of speech. This happens very
often between adverbs and adjectives, for
example, when the idea was incoherently
delightful is translated into la idea era
deliciosamente incoherente.
MODULATION
A variation of the form of the
message obtained by a change in the
point of view.
It is believed to be the most
interesting translation technique
It can be seen as reduction or as
expansion of the words
MODULATION
Speaking English is very important
Hablar Ingls es muy importante
Es muy importante hablar Ingls
Doing the right is sample of
justice
Hacer lo correcto es una muestra
de justicia
REDUCTION
It is about not translating some
words within the ideas in the
source language.
REDUCTION
Please tell him the time
Por favor dile la hora
Please show them the house
por favor muestrales la casa
Adaptation
This is the freest form of translation
Is not faithful
It is used meanly for
Plays (comedies)
Poetry
Jokes